Definitions

• the invention relates to methods and devices for cleaning and separating bulk materials and can be used, mainly, in agriculture for cleaning with simultaneous sorting of cereal, grass and other crops, at elevators, breeding stations, in farm households - Loans, in milling and animal feed production, as well as in chemical, coal and other industries and the national economy.
• the prior art method for the separation of bulk mixtures in which the grain mixture (heap) is loaded into the hopper, where it is gravitationally fed into a rotating sieve drum.
• the grain In this drum, the grain is subjected to mechanical action with the help of rotating whips, which mix it and move it along the rotating sieve drum. Fine fractions of the granular mixture are woken up through the sieve drum and collected in the first receiver. The rest (coarse fraction) of the grain material remains in the drum and, moving along it with rotating whips, falls on its edge, from which it descends to the second receiver.
• a device for implementing this method is made in the form of a horizontally mounted rotating lattice drum with an independent drive.
• a rotary rotor with pests of a V-shaped or triangular shape arranged in rows is laid at an angle, and the axis of symmetry of the pests is located at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the drum.
• the rotor with pests has an independent rotation drive [see author St. USSR NQ 1165495 in class B07B 1/22 published on 07.07.1985 in Bull. N ° 25].
• the main disadvantage of this method is the limited functionality.
• the presence of this drawback is explained by the fact that when implementing this method, the grain mixture is not cleaned of impurities, but only divided into separate fractions. Therefore, a small fraction of a granular mixture, for example, grain material, together with small impurities gets into the first receiver, and a large fraction is collected in the second receiver together with large impurities, which does not allow to obtain a high-quality final product: it still needs to be further purified from impurities.
• the main disadvantage of the known device that implements the above method of cleaning and separating a granular mixture is the imperfection of its design, which is due to at least two factors. Firstly, due to the horizontal position of the rotating drum, it is not capable of independently (gravitationally) moving the mixture along its inner surface. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce additional means into the design for the forced movement of the separated mixture. Secondly, the device is not capable of cleaning the bulk mixture from undesirable impurities of mineral and biological origin, since its design does not provide for the availability of the appropriate technical means.
• a device for implementing this method of separating a granular mixture contains a loading hopper and a rotating sieve drum with round holes, mounted at an angle to the horizon, under which there is a fine fraction collector, and a coarse fraction collector is located at an inclined end of the drum, as well as inside the drum rotating blades of elastic material are installed on the shaft in rows along its length, which are in the diametric section S-shaped, and the gap between the ends of the blades and the inner surface of the Raban decreases in the direction from the loading hopper.
• the distance between the blades in each row exceeds the diameter of the holes in the drum grill [see US Pat. Russian Federation Ns 2130343 for class B07B 1/24 published on 05/20/1999].
• the main disadvantage of the known method of separation of a granular mixture is the low efficiency of the process, which is due only to the partial use of the working (sieve) surface of the drum - not more than 15-20%, since the drum rotates the dose freely slowly, and therefore, the grain mass located in it, under the influence of gravitational forces manages to move (slide) down the drum. It is on this lower section of the drum that the separation process takes place, and the rest of the working sieve surface along the diameter of the drum remains free from grain mass, therefore, the working surface of the sieve drum is generally not fully used, that is, inefficient.
• the disadvantage of the known method for separating a granular mixture is the low quality of the final product obtained after such a separation process.
• Another disadvantage of the known method for separating a granular mixture is the limited technical and technological capabilities, in particular, it provides the separation of granular material into only two fractions (the drum along its entire length extracts only one fraction, and the second fraction is formed automatically at the outlet of the drum) , although, for example, in agriculture, for which, as a matter of fact, this method was developed, as a rule, a larger number of fractions is required: breeding grain, marketable, food, for feed laziness of cattle, etc.
• the main disadvantage of the known device used to implement the known method for separating a granular mixture is the technical imperfection of its design, which is due to the inability to separate the grain mixture into more fractions than two, to clean the grain mixture from impurities, low productivity, due to the inability to use most of the working surface of the sieve drum in the process of separation of the mixture.
• a method of cleaning and separating a granular mixture in which a grain mixture (grain heap) is loaded into a hopper, followed by gravitational feeding of mixture particles from it into an inclined rotating sieve drum with openings of different lengths, in which the mixture during rotation of the drum moves along it, as well as on the mixture mechanically acted by rotating blades.
• the bulk mixture is evenly distributed by rapidly rotating drum movement over its entire cylindrical surface with the formation of a two-layer structure, the lower static layer of the mixture being forcibly pressed directly to the inner sieve surface of the drum by centrifugal forces, and in the upper layer they form rotary blades by mechanical action a pseudo-boiling structure with simultaneous gravitational displacement of this part of the mixture layer along the drum and with its partial-gradual translation in the lower
• the centrifugal layer, as well as each fraction of the separated material is sent to the respective fraction collectors by limiters enveloping the drum from the outside, and the holes in the trellised drum are cleaned of grains that are stuck in them with a fixed brush fixed to the outside of the drum.
• the method for cleaning and separating the granular mixture contains a loading hopper and a rotating sieve drum with holes installed at an angle to the horizon, under which fraction collectors are located, and rotating blades are mounted on the shaft with a gap between the ends of the blades and the surface of the drum.
• the surface of the drum is divided into sections with holes of different calibers increasing along the length of the drum in the direction from the loading hopper, and the holes can be either round, slotted, or some other shape, depending on the type of mixture being separated.
• the main disadvantage of the known method for cleaning and separating a granular mixture is the low efficiency of the process, due to the limited capacity of the drum itself. Since the lattice of the rotating drum is formed by holes, there must be jumpers between them (holes), wide enough so that the drum does not lose its overall longitudinal stiffness when the grain mass is in it. The indicated jumpers between the holes occupy a rather vast total area of the drum, commensurate with the area occupied by the holes.
• the second disadvantage of the known method for cleaning and separating granular mixture is the discreteness of the process of separation of the mixture into fractions, which is due to the presence in the grill of the drum of openings of constant sizes, the diameter of which varies discretely along the length of the drum.
• To change the fractionality for example, to add the number of fractions or switch to another culture, for this it is necessary to change the drum to another drum, with the appropriate size holes for solving new technological problems.
• the main disadvantage of the known device used to implement the known method for cleaning and separating a granular mixture is the technical imperfection of its design, in particular, of a rotating drum, since its sieve surface is formed by holes between which there are jumpers, the negative impact of which (retardation separation process) has already been said above.
• the second disadvantage of the known device is, again, the technical imperfection of its drum, since the dimensions of the holes in it vary discretely along their length. This limits the tech The technical possibilities of such a drum are due to the impossibility of changing the size of the holes in it to the desired one if this is technologically necessary, for example, when switching to the separation of a new crop. Due to this circumstance, the owner of such a separating device needs to have in stock as many drums with different holes (in size), how many crops he plans to separate.
• the basis of the invention is the task of expanding the functional capabilities of the method and device for cleaning and separation while increasing their productivity, efficiency and quality of the cleaning and separation of the granular mixture by maximizing the throughput of the drum and the possibility smoothly changing the size of the holes for passing grains due to a fundamental change in the design of the drum.
• a device for implementing the above method of cleaning and separating a granular mixture comprising a loading hopper and a rotating drum mounted at an angle to the horizon, under which fraction collectors are located, and also installed inside the drum on the shaft, rotating radial blades and brushes continuous along the length of the drum, mounted on the outer side of the drum, sheathed on the outside by a casing, divided by partitions into sectors along the length, according to the proposal, bar - the ban is made in the form of a spring, on the external side of which there are longitudinal stiffeners with mechanical means of forced tension of the spring in separate sections.
• additional drums of a similar design — one or more — may be coaxially located inside the spring drum, depending on the technological need.
• a drum is a continuous endless helical gap, divided by partitions - the body of the turns that form the spring itself. It is advisable to use a spring with flat (tape) turns, although this is not necessary, however, the specified type of spring allows to maximize the area of the slots against the background of the maximum reduction in the area (thickness) of the bodies of the turns - “jumpers” between the turns of the gap. You can use a spring wound from thin wire, which also allows you to achieve the same effect.
• the drum Due to the presence of external longitudinal stiffening ribs, the drum, despite the spring construction, becomes sufficiently rigid, which excludes its deformation during high-speed rotation and loading with any quantity (by weight) of grain material.
• Metal ribbons or rods can be used as stiffeners - it does not matter, because it does not affect the essence of the proposal.
• any other known mechanism for giving additional stiffness to the spring drum can be applied - this does not matter, since it will not affect the essence of the proposal in any way.
• the drum Due to the presence of mechanical forced stretching of the spring coils, the drum can be adjusted to any particle size of a granular medium, for example, grains, therefore, it automatically becomes universal. As such mechanisms, any known clamps can be used.
• each of them can have its own individual size of the slots and only one fraction corresponding to these slots can be selected tion, send the remaining grains into the inside of other (external) drums, or, if drums with the same slots are used, the separation process could be repeated in several steps, passing the grain mass through several drums, and this is how to maximize the quality of the final product.
• the whole set of essential features obtained due to a fundamental change in the design of the drum (from a sieve with unregulated holes to a spring with an infinite adjustable slot), which, in turn, allows you to change the width of the slot without restrictions and, thereby , maximizing the throughput capacity of the drum, allows you to qualitatively clean and separate the granular mixture with a constant and maximum performance on the background of a significant simplification of design and versatility device, that is, to achieve the desired technical result, formulated in the statement of the problem.
• figure 1 the proposed device during cleaning and separation of the granular mixture, side view, section for a better view of the design
• figure 2 is the same, end view, cross section
• figure 3 the proposed device with a double drum (two coaxial drums), side view, section;
• figure 4 is a fragment of a spring drum with a stiffener and and the mechanism of forced spring tension (mechanical) clamp), plan view;
• figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a spring drum on the example of coal separation.
• the proposed device for cleaning and separating granular granular mixture contains a loading hopper 1 and a rotating drum 2 installed at an angle ⁇ to the horizontal, which allows gravitational movement of the grain mass along the drum.
• the body of the drum 2 is made in the form of a spring, the gaps 3 between the turns 4 of which serve as slots, through which the process of separation of the grain mass into separate fractions is carried out.
• the spring design of the drum 2, thanks to the spiral winding of the turns 4, also guarantees the gravitational movement of the grain mass along the drum 2, ensuring the continuity of the process of distribution of the granular mixture (grain mass) inside the drum 2 and its movement to its end.
• longitudinal stiffening ribs 5 are installed to prevent deformation of the drum 2 when it is loaded with grain material (springs, by their nature, have low bending stiffness), therefore, they stabilize the size of the gaps 3 between the turns 4 (however, if a sufficiently rigid material was used for the manufacture of the spring, for example, spring steel) there is no need for ribs 5).
• Mechanical ribs 6 are installed on the ribs 5, with the help of which it is possible to forcibly and locally extend the coils 4 of the spring in some of its separate sections, and this is how the width of the gaps 3 can be changed to allow grains of the corresponding fraction to pass through them.
• the surface of the spring drum 2 is divided into sections A, B, C, D (as an example, these sections may be larger depending on the technological tasks of separation) with gaps 3 of various widths increasing along the length of drum 2 in the direction from loading hopper 1.
• This design of the working surface of the drum 2 provides the ability to extract several fractions from the granular mixture, and this is how to expand the functionality of the device.
• the gaps 3 form a continuous helical gap.
• This design of the slots in the drum 2 allows you to separate any materials and this is how to expand the area of use of the device, as well as maximize its throughput capacity (coil 4 springs serve only as partitions between the slots).
• collectors of 7 fractions for the separated material Under the drum 2 there are collectors of 7 fractions for the separated material, the number of which corresponds to the number of sections A, B, C, D in the drum 2.
• the first collector of 7 fractions (located on the side of the loading hopper 1) can be used to collect dust and small impurities, the rest - to collect various fractions of the separated material.
• This arrangement of collectors of 7 fractions allows you to clean the bulk mixture from undesirable impurities of any size and origin.
• drum 2 Inside the drum 2, rotating blades 8 are mounted on the shaft along its length. The ends of the blades 8 are above the surface of the drum 2 with a gap. Such a constructive solution allows chemical effect on bulk material without damage and injury to grains during high-speed rotation of drum 2. From the outside, drum 2 is covered with a casing 9, which is divided by partitions 10 (limiters) into sectors, the size of which corresponds to the size of sections A, B, C, G. Brushes 11 are installed on the outer side of drum 2 for cleaning the gaps 3 in the drum 2 from grains stuck in them.
• partitions 10 limiters
• the bulk mixture (grain mass, grain heap) to be separated is loaded into the hopper 1, from which it is gravitationally fed into the cavity of the rapidly rotating spring drum 2.
• the bulk mixture is immediately distributed uniformly over the entire diameter of the drum 2, pressed against its surface by centrifugal forces arising at a high speed of rotation of the drum 2.
• Bulk material depending on the size of the particles, penetrates into the gaps 3 of the corresponding width, from which it enters compilations of 7 fractions corresponding to them. Scattering (scattering) of the separated material around the device is prevented by the casing 9, and the partitions 10 prevent the mixing of the fractions between them.
• the part of the bulk material remaining in the drum 2, especially its upper layer, is subjected to mechanical action of the blades 8, which intensively mix it, resulting in in this layer the effect of a pseudo-boiling mixture occurs.
• This prevents the formation of static arches from the granular mixture in the drum 2, and secondly, provides gravitational movement of the mixture along the drum 2, due to its inclination on the angle a in the direction from the hopper 1, thirdly, in the pseudo-boiling layer, the material particles are repeatedly reoriented in space, which facilitates their penetration into the gaps 3 of the drum 2, which ultimately leads to an increase in the efficiency of the separation process and the performance of the device .
• the loose mixture in the drum passes alternately sections A, B, C, D, and the lower part is pressed to the surface of the drum 2 and is divided into separate fractions, and the rest continues to be in a pseudo-boiling state.
• the total layer of the granular mixture gradually decreases, and at the end of the drum 2 disappears completely, leaving only large and oblong impurities at the exit of the drum 2, which leave the drum 2 and gravitationally fall into the last collection 7.
• the gaps 3 of the drum 2 are in contact with the brushes 11 (cleaners) and are cleaned of stuck and stuck particles (grains) of material in them.
• Gaps 3 are partially subjected to such cleaning from the middle of drum 2, since the pseudo-boiling layer of granular material, being in a mobile (thrown) state, partially moves radially and mechanically acts on grains stuck and stuck in the gaps 3, “ pushing ”them through the gaps 3 or turning (reorienting) them in the drum 2.
• the drum is made in the form of a spring, the gaps between the turns of which serve as continuous helical slots with a variable width along its length, which can be but adjust with clamps.
• the proposed technical solutions are tested in practice.
• the proposed method for cleaning and simultaneous separation of the granular mixture, as well as a device for its implementation, do not include technological operations, processing modes or structural elements, parts, kinematic schemes and units that could not be reproduced at the present stage of the development of science and technicians, in particular, in the field of agricultural engineering, therefore, are considered to meet the criterion of "industrial applicability" because they can actually be manufactured and sold separators for the separation of grain and seed crops of cereals.
• the quintessence of the proposed technical solutions is that the device has a drum made in the form of a spring, the gaps between the turns of which ensure the separation of the grain mixture into the desired fractions, and the size, in particular, the width, of these gaps can be locally forced to change, and these circumstances allowed to acquire
• the proposed method of purification and separation and a device for its implementation the above and other advantages.
• the use of only some of the proposed technological or design improvements naturally limits the range of advantages listed above and cannot be considered new technical and technological solutions in this field of knowledge, since others, similar to the described method for cleaning and separating granular mixture and devices for its implementation, no longer require any creative approach from designers and engineers, and cannot be considered the results of their creative activities or new objects of intellectual property, in accordance with - governing legislation.

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• Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
• Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)

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• 2015
  • 2015-02-17 UA UAA201501334A patent/UA113218C2/uk unknown
• 2016
  • 2016-03-03 WO PCT/UA2016/000029 patent/WO2016133485A2/ru active Application Filing

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