WO2016129633A1 - 抗腫瘍剤 - Google Patents
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- WO2016129633A1 WO2016129633A1 PCT/JP2016/053960 JP2016053960W WO2016129633A1 WO 2016129633 A1 WO2016129633 A1 WO 2016129633A1 JP 2016053960 W JP2016053960 W JP 2016053960W WO 2016129633 A1 WO2016129633 A1 WO 2016129633A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antitumor agent for tumors that highly express the TUG1 gene.
- TUG1 is an abbreviation for taurine upregulated gene 1, and is a spliced polyadenylated RNA identified by Young et al. (Non-patent Document 1) as a non-coding RNA necessary for rodent retina differentiation. Strong expression in nervous system tissues such as the brain.
- Non-Patent Document 2 describes that, for example, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), knocking down TUG1 promotes cell proliferation.
- NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
- Xu et al. describe that TUG1 silencing suppresses the growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells and prevents cell cycle progression.
- ESCC esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- Non-patent Document 4 describe that TUG1 is overexpressed in an osteosarcoma cell line, and that osteosarcoma cells undergo apoptosis when TUG1 expression is suppressed. Furthermore, Han et al. (Non-Patent Document 5) describe that TUG1 is overexpressed in urothelial cancer and is associated with a high stage, and that silencing TUG1 results in growth inhibition and apoptosis induction. ing.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a nucleic acid drug capable of preventing or treating cancer or tumors that highly express TUG1, including brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiform (GBM).
- GBM glioblastoma multiform
- GBM has the highest malignancy among primary brain tumors and is still very difficult to improve or cure.
- GBM has epigenomic abnormalities such as untranslated RNA, histone modification, and DNA methylation in addition to genomic abnormalities, and it has been suggested that these epigenomic abnormalities contribute to the malignant transformation of GBM.
- TUG1 which is one of lncRNA (long noncoding RNA)
- the present invention includes the following features.
- a composition for treating or preventing a subject having a tumor that highly expresses the TUG1 gene as compared to a normal tissue which contains, as an active ingredient, a nucleic acid that suppresses high expression of the TUG1 gene in tumor stem cells.
- composition according to (1) wherein the nucleic acid is siRNA, a precursor RNA, an antisense RNA, a modified RNA thereof, or an antisense DNA with respect to a transcript RNA of the TUG1 gene.
- the nucleic acid is nucleotide numbers 1044 to 1062, 1044 to 1062, or 1044 to 1062 (region # 1 in FIG. 2) in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 3 of the TUG1 gene transcript RNA, respectively. ), And / or targeting the region of nucleotide numbers 2997 to 5181, 2941 to 5111, or 2941 to 5125 (regions up to # 5- # 4 in FIG. 2), according to (1) or (2) Composition.
- siRNA wherein the nucleic acid comprises a sense strand consisting of a base sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 11 and an antisense strand consisting of a base sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 12 to 19 complementary to each of the sense strands, and a precursor thereof
- composition according to (5) which is an siRNA comprising a strand or an antisense RNA / DNA chimera consisting of the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 28 to 35.
- the modified RNA comprising the modified nucleotide is an LNA-modified antisense RNA comprising at least two LNA modified nucleotides locked with a 2′-O, 4′-C methylene bridge at each end. ).
- modified RNA is an LNA-modified antisense RNA consisting of any one of the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 36 to 38 and 51 to 53 A composition according to claim 1.
- nucleic acid is a vector comprising siRNA, a DNA encoding its precursor RNA or antisense RNA, or an antisense DNA with respect to a transcript RNA of the TUG1 gene
- the nucleic acid is a vector comprising siRNA, a DNA encoding its precursor RNA or antisense RNA, or an antisense DNA with respect to a transcript RNA of the TUG1 gene
- composition according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the tumor is selected from the group consisting of brain tumor, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, leukemia and lymphoma.
- a method for treating a subject having a tumor in which the TUG1 gene is highly expressed as compared with a normal tissue comprising administering the composition according to any one of (1) to (10) to the subject. Method.
- tumor selected from the group consisting of brain tumor, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, leukemia and lymphoma.
- the present invention makes it possible to suppress the growth of tumor stem cells in tumors that highly express the TUG1 gene as compared with normal tissues, such as brain tumors, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, etc. And has the effect of suppressing tumor metastasis.
- This figure shows the expression level of TUG1 in various tumor cell lines.
- GSC indicates a glioma stem cell line
- T98, U251, SK-MG1 and AO2 indicate glioma cell lines
- MCF7, MDA231, SK-BR3 and T47D indicate breast cancer cell lines
- Lovo, Caco-2, RKO SW48, SW480 and SW1083 represent colon cancer cell lines
- PC3, LNCap and Vcap represent prostate cancer cell lines
- Huh7 and A549 represent liver cancer cell lines
- H920 and PC9 represent lung cancer cell lines
- Jurkat represents a leukemia cell line
- Raji represents a Burkitt lymphoma cell line
- Pfeiffer represents a lymphoma cell line.
- si-TUG1 # 1 to si-TUG1 # 14 (base sequence: see FIG. 3) are prepared siRNAs (RNA / DNA chimera; “dCdA” at the 3 ′ end of the sense strand and the antisense strand, etc. Represents the DNA sequence) and indicates the target position on the TUG1 sequence.
- the inhibitory effect is expressed as a relative expression ratio of TUG1 / GAPDH (internal standard) to control siRNA (“NC”; Silencer Select Negative Control # 1 siRNA (Life Technologies, catalog number 4390843)). * Indicates statistical significance (p ⁇ 0.01).
- This figure shows the base sequences (sense strand sequence and antisense strand sequence) of si-TUG1 # 1 to si-TUG1 # 14 tested in FIG.
- the siRNAs with which the inhibitory effect was obtained are si-TUG1 # 1 to si-TUG1 # 8 (FIG. 3A), and si-TUG1 # 9 to si-TUG1 # 14 have a low inhibitory effect or an inhibitory effect. Not (FIG. 3B).
- This figure shows the evaluation of the TUG1 expression suppression effect in glioma stem cell line GSC by si-TUG1 # 1 to si-TUG1 # 8 (labeled “# 1” to “# 8”).
- the expression level of TUG1 (TUG1 / GAPDH (internal standard)) 3 days after introduction of each modified siRNA is shown as a relative value with respect to the control siRNA (“NC”; Silencer Select Negative Control # 1 siRNA (Life Technologies, catalog number 4390843)). ing. * Indicates statistical significance (p ⁇ 0.01).
- This figure shows the evaluation of the antiproliferative effect on the glioma stem cell line GSC by si-TUG1 # 1 to si-TUG1 # 8 (labeled “# 1” to “# 8”).
- the figure shows the relative value of the viable cell count of GSC with respect to the control siRNA (“NC”) 3 days after introduction of each modified siRNA. * Indicates statistical significance (p ⁇ 0.01).
- This figure shows LNA-modified antisense RNA prepared based on the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, ie, LNA-TUG1-1 # 1 (SEQ ID NO: 36), LNA-TUG1-1 # 2 (SEQ ID NO: 37) and LNA -Shows TUG1-1 # 3 (SEQ ID NO: 38).
- LNA-TUG1-1 # 1 SEQ ID NO: 36
- LNA-TUG1-1 # 2 SEQ ID NO: 37
- LNA-TUG1-1 # 3 SEQ ID NO: 38
- the evaluation of the TUG1 expression inhibitory effect by RNA and si-TUG1 # 2 (sense: SEQ ID NO: 21 and antisense: SEQ ID NO: 29) is shown.
- si-TUG1 # 2 and control siRNA (“NC”) were used.
- Each siRNA and LNA-modified antisense RNA was introduced into the glioma stem cell line GSC, and the relative expression level of TUG1 relative to the control siRNA (“NC”) after 3, 7, 10 days (d3, d7, d10) is shown.
- the expression level is TUG1 / GAPDH (internal standard). * Indicates statistical significance (p ⁇ 0.01).
- This figure shows the evaluation of the anti-tumor cell proliferation inhibitory effect of each siRNA and each LNA-modified antisense RNA (final concentration 30 nM) shown in the glioma stem cell line GSC (initial cell number 1 ⁇ 10 5 ).
- si-TUG1 # 2 (sense: SEQ ID NO: 21 and antisense: SEQ ID NO: 29) and LNA modified antisense RNA (LNA-TUG1-1 # 1 (SEQ ID NO: 36), LNA-TUG1-1 # 2 (SEQ ID NO: 37) ) And LNA-TUG1-1 # 3 (SEQ ID NO: 38)) are shown relative to control siRNA ("NC") relative to the number of viable GSC cells 10 days after introduction into GSC. * Indicates statistical significance (p ⁇ 0.01).
- This figure shows LNA-modified antisense RNA prepared based on the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, ie, LNA-TUG1-2 # 1 (SEQ ID NO: 51), LNA-TUG1-2 # 2 (SEQ ID NO: 52) and LNA -Shows TUG1-2 # 3 (SEQ ID NO: 53). The site where LNA modification was performed is underlined.
- This figure shows three types of LNA-modified antisense: LNA-TUG1-2 # 1 (SEQ ID NO: 51), LNA-TUG1-2 # 2 (SEQ ID NO: 52) and LNA-TUG1-2 # 3 (SEQ ID NO: 53).
- RNA and si-TUG1 # 6 (sense: SEQ ID NO: 25 and antisense: SEQ ID NO: 33) is shown.
- si-TUG1 # 6 and control siRNA (“NC”) were used.
- Each siRNA and LNA-modified antisense RNA was introduced into the glioma stem cell line GSC, and the relative expression level of TUG1 relative to the control siRNA (“NC”) after 3, 7, 10 days (d3, d7, d10) is shown.
- the expression level is TUG1 / GAPDH (internal standard). * Indicates statistical significance (p ⁇ 0.01).
- si-TUG1-2 # 6 sense: SEQ ID NO: 25 and antisense: SEQ ID NO: 33
- LNA-modified antisense RNA LNA-TUG1-2 # 1 (SEQ ID NO: 51), LNA-TUG1-2 # 2 (sequence) No. 52) and LNA-TUG1-2 # 3 (SEQ ID NO: 53)
- NC control siRNA
- FIG. 12A shows the TUG1 expression level in the PC3 strain when si-TUG1 # 2 or control siRNA (“NC”) was applied
- FIG. 12B shows the relative cell growth rate of the PC3 strain when each siRNA was applied. Indicates. * Indicates statistical significance (p ⁇ 0.01).
- nude mice transplanted subcutaneously with the glioma stem cell line GSC were treated with LNA-TUG1-1 # 1 ((SEQ ID NO: 36) or control siRNA (“NC”) intravenously administered every 3 days. Shows the daily change in tumor size, * indicates statistical significance (p ⁇ 0.01).
- miRNAs microRNAs
- lncRNA long non-coding RNA
- GBM Glioblastoma
- RA cancer malignancy
- TUG1 which is one of the lncRNAs
- GSC glioma stem cells
- TUG1 As described in the background art above, regarding the treatment of tumors, it is known that the expression level of TUG1 varies depending on the type of tumor, but the suppression of TUG1 expression is also treated for a specific tumor that is highly expressed. It has not been proved enough to be effective. Moreover, there is no report regarding the relationship between TUG1 and tumor stem cells.
- TUG1 has a role to suppress specific genes related to the cell cycle induced by p53, and it is hypothesized that the lncRNA containing TUG1 may function to suppress tumor growth in the p53 transcriptional pathway. Is not well understood (AM Khalil et al., PNAS, 106: 11667-11672, 2009).
- the present inventors have now found that in such a situation, some tumors such as brain tumors are suppressed in proliferation by suppressing the expression of TUG1 in tumor stem cells. That is, the present invention relates to TUG1 genes such as brain tumor, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, and lymphoma, which contain a nucleic acid that suppresses high expression of TUG1 gene in tumor stem cells as an active tissue.
- TUG1 genes such as brain tumor, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, and lymphoma, which contain a nucleic acid that suppresses high expression of TUG1 gene in tumor stem cells as an active tissue.
- a composition for treating or preventing a subject having a tumor that is highly expressed are highly expressed.
- nucleic acid that suppresses high expression of TUG1 gene The active ingredient of the composition of the present invention is a nucleic acid that suppresses high expression of the TUG1 gene in tumor stem cells.
- the term “suppresses high expression of the TUG1 gene” is referred to as “high expression” when an abnormal state is higher than the level (or amount) of TUG1 normally expressed in normal tissues (or normal cells).
- the term is used in the sense of suppressing high expression of the TUG1 gene to a normal level or lower, and suppressing the function of lncRNA, which is a transcript of the TUG1 gene.
- the function of lncRNA refers to a function related to the growth, progression or metastasis of cancer or tumor in the present invention.
- a test having a tumor such as brain tumor, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, etc. by administering to the subject a nucleic acid that suppresses high expression of the TUG1 gene in tumor stem cells. Suppresses the expression of TUG1 in the body, thereby suppressing the growth of the tumor.
- the subject is not limited as long as it is an animal, but is preferably a mammal such as a human, dog, cat, horse, cow, other mammal such as a mammal kept in a zoo, etc. Human.
- a subject having a tumor in which the TUG1 gene is highly expressed is the subject animal of the present invention.
- TUG1 is TUG1 of the above-mentioned animal, for example, a base of NR — 110492 (SEQ ID NO: 1), NR — 110493 (SEQ ID NO: 2) or NR — 002323 (SEQ ID NO: 3) known as a human TUG1 gene transcript (long non-coding RNA). Sequences, or base sequences including deletion, substitution, addition or insertion of one or several nucleotides in each of these base sequences, or each of the above base sequences and 70% or more, 80% or more or 90% or more, TUG1, which is a natural variant consisting of a base sequence having a sequence identity of preferably 95% or more, more preferably 98% or more or 99% or more.
- sequence identity means an integer of 2 to 10, preferably an integer of 2 to 5.
- sequence identity can be determined using a known algorithm such as BLAST for taking a sequence alignment such as a base sequence.
- the nucleic acid that suppresses high expression of the TUG1 gene is, for example, siRNA having RNA interference (RNAi) action or a precursor RNA thereof, or a modified RNA thereof, or a siRNA for a transcript RNA of the TUG1 gene, or the same.
- RNAi RNA interference
- the nucleic acid is antisense RNA or antisense DNA, DNA encoding the antisense RNA, a vector containing the antisense DNA, or a modified nucleic acid thereof.
- the nucleic acid in the present invention is not limited to a specific type of nucleic acid or nucleic acid sequence as long as it suppresses high expression of the TUG1 gene in tumor stem cells and suppresses tumor growth.
- the base sequence of the transcript RNA of the human TUG1 gene such as the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 3, nucleotide numbers 1044 to 1062, 1044 to 1062, or 1044, respectively.
- nucleotide numbers 1044 to 1062, 1044 to 1062, or 1044 respectively.
- region # 1 in FIG. 2 and / or regions of nucleotide numbers 2997 to 5181, 2941 to 5111, or 2941 to 5125 regions up to # 5- # 4 in FIG. 2 Is preferred.
- siRNA having RNAi action on TUG1 or a precursor RNA thereof
- siRNA is 18 to 25 nucleotides, preferably 20 to 24 nucleotides, more preferably 21 to 23 nucleotides complementary to a part of transcript RNA of TUG1 gene.
- RNAi RNA interference
- Each 3 ′ end of the sense RNA and antisense RNA may have a protruding end of 2 to 5 nucleotides, preferably 2 nucleotides, such as UU (TT in the case of DNA). It has been pointed out that the protruding end may interact with RISC (WR Strapps et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Aug; 38 (14): 4788-4797).
- RNAi action has a meaning commonly used in the art, and a phenomenon in which a short double-stranded RNA (siRNA) degrades a target transcript RNA specifically in its base sequence and suppresses its gene expression. It is.
- siRNA short double-stranded RNA
- the precursor RNA is any one of siRNA priRNA, preRNA, and shRNA.
- the priRNA has a transcript RNA sequence for the TUG1 gene, for example, the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2 or 3.
- preRNA is a preshRNA produced by enzymatic processing of priRNA.
- shRNA is an abbreviation for short hairpin RNA, and consists of a stem of a sense strand and an antisense strand having the same sequence as siRNA and a hairpin loop, which are enzymatically produced from preshRNA.
- the shRNA hairpin structure is cleaved into siRNA by cellular machinery and binds to the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which binds to and cleaves transcript RNA having a sequence complementary to the siRNA. .
- RISC RNA-induced silencing complex
- the nucleic acid of the present invention can be any of siRNAs including, for example, a sense strand consisting of the base sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 11 and an antisense strand consisting of the base sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 12 to 19 complementary to each of the sense strands. Or a combination of two or more.
- the nucleic acid of the present invention is a vector comprising the siRNA, a DNA encoding the precursor RNA or the antisense RNA, or an antisense DNA with respect to the transcript RNA of the TUG1 gene.
- a preferred precursor RNA is shRNA.
- the vector contains a regulatory sequence that enables expression of the DNA when introduced into a cell, for example, a viral vector such as adeno-associated virus, retrovirus, lentivirus, Sendai virus, or a plasmid, artificial chromosome (for example, , Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), yeast artificial chromosome (YAC), human artificial chromosome (HAC), or mouse artificial chromosome (MAC)).
- BAC Bacterial artificial chromosome
- YAC yeast artificial chromosome
- HAC human artificial chromosome
- MAC mouse artificial chromosome
- Preferred vectors are plasmids, Sendai virus vectors, adeno-associated virus vectors and the like from the viewpoint of safety.
- the plasmid is preferably a plasmid that can be used in mammalian cells, preferably human cells, and has been proven to be safe.
- plasmid vectors include, for example, vectors as described in JP-T-2014-508515, such as pSilencer 4.1-CMV (Ambion), pcDNA3, pcDNA3.1 / hyg, pHCMV / Zeo, pCR3. 1, pEF1 / His, pIND / GS, pRc / HCMV2, pSV40 / Zeo2, pTRACER-HCMV, pUB6 / V5-His, pVAX1, pZeoSV2, pCI, pSVL, pKSV-10, pBPV-1, pML2d, pML2d, etc. Examples include, but are not limited to, viral vectors.
- the regulatory sequence includes a promoter, a transcription initiation point, a terminator, and the like, and can include an enhancer, a selectable marker sequence, and the like as necessary.
- the promoter any endogenous or exogenous promoter can be used as long as it promotes transcription initiation of the DNA in a specific host cell.
- the promoter is a U6 or H1 promoter. It is also expressed by the daughter cell and inherited by the gene silencing effect.
- RNA is quite unstable because it is easily degraded by ribonuclease in vivo, for example, in blood.
- the nucleotides of the sense strand and the antisense strand are preferably modified.
- the modification may be at least one, preferably multiple nucleotide modifications, such as base modifications, sugar modifications, phosphodiester moiety modifications, or combinations thereof, and / or cyclic structures (double-stranded stems and A structure composed of two loops), a chimeric structure containing DNA, and the like. Modifications include, but are not limited to:
- RNA and DNA are nucleic acids composed of a chain of nucleotides consisting of sugars, bases and phosphodiester bonds, and the structural differences between these nucleic acids are that sugars in nucleotides, that is, the sugar of RNA is ribose,
- the sugar of DNA is 2′-deoxyribose in which the hydroxyl group at the 2 ′ position is replaced with hydrogen
- bases that is, RNA bases are adenine (A), uracil (U), and guanine (G).
- cytosine (C) whereas the base of DNA is composed of adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C).
- the modification of the phosphodiester moiety that is the backbone includes substitution by modification with, for example, phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, alkylphosphonate, or phosphoramidate bond instead of the phosphodiester bond.
- 2′-deoxy-2′-halo eg, fluoro, chloro or bromo nucleotide, 2′-deoxy-2′-halo, as exemplified in JP-T-2007-525192 (Eg fluoro, chloro or bromo) pyrimidine nucleotides, 2'-deoxy-2'-halo (eg fluoro, chloro or bromo) cytidine nucleotides, 2'-deoxy-2'-halo (eg fluoro, chloro or bromo) uridine nucleotides 2′-deoxy-2′-halo (eg fluoro, chloro or bromo) guanosine nucleotides, 2′-O-methylpurine nucleotides, 2′-deoxyribonucleotides, locked nucleic acid nucleotides (Locked Nucleic Acids (LNA); 2'-O, 4'-C methylene bridge
- the 2 ′ position of the sugar as described in, for example, JP-T-2010-507579 is substituted with, for example, halogen, allyl, amino, azide, acetoxy, alkyl.
- LNA-modified nucleotides are artificial nucleic acids developed by Takeshi Imanishi et al. (M. Abdur Rahman, Sayori Seki, Satoshi Obika, HaruhisashiYoshikawa, Kazuyuki Miki).
- '-BNA A bridged nucleic acid analog "J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130.4886-4896 (2008)), and LNA (“ BNA (Bridged Nucleic Acid) in the nucleotide sequence of the siRNA of the present invention ". ) ").
- the nucleotide introduced with) Comes to have a nuclease-resistant.
- an antisense RNA comprising at least 2 LNA modified nucleotides at each end, preferably 3-4 at each end, is a modified RNA of the sense strand base sequence (SEQ ID NOs: 28-35) shown in FIG. 3A. Without limitation, for example, it is a modified RNA having any one of the base sequences as SEQ ID NOs: 36 to 38 and SEQ ID NOs: 51 to 53.
- the nucleic acid of the present invention can also have an RNA / DNA chimera structure containing a deoxyribonucleotide sequence in a part of the base sequence of siRNA.
- a deoxyribonucleotide sequence By including the deoxyribonucleotide sequence, it becomes possible to make it more nuclease resistant than the ribonucleotide sequence alone (for example, Japanese Patent No. 3803318).
- Deoxyribonucleotides can be included at a ratio of 30% or less, preferably 20% or less, based on the total number of nucleotides in the antisense strand or sense strand of the siRNA base sequence.
- the deoxyribonucleotide may be contained in both the antisense strand and the sense strand of siRNA, or may be contained only in the sense strand. Further, deoxyribonucleotides in the base sequence of siRNA are preferably present on the 3 ′ side. For example, they may be present in a sequence in which 2 to 4 deoxyribonucleotides are continuous as protruding ends at the 3 ′ end. Specifically, in the RNA / DNA chimera, the sense strand has the base sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 20 to 27, and the antisense strand has the base sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 28 to 35, respectively. Stranded RNA.
- the nucleic acid having the above circular structure is a so-called dumbbell-type single-stranded RNA.
- the stem is composed of complementary sequences of the sense strand sequence and the antisense strand sequence of siRNA.
- the loop is composed of, for example, about 2 to about 15 nucleotides that are non-complementary per loop linked to each end of the stem (see, eg, US Pat. No. 5,168,053, US Pat. No. 5,190). 931, U.S. Pat. No. 5,135,917, Smith and Clausel et al. (1993) Nucl. Acids Res. 21: 3405-3411, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,087,617. ).
- nucleic acid examples include the above-mentioned antisense RNA (or antisense DNA) or a modified nucleic acid thereof.
- Antisense RNA is a single-stranded nucleic acid that targets lncRNA, which is a transcription product of the TUG1 gene.
- the siRNA targeting the lncRNA degrades the lncRNA, whereas the antisense RNA (or antisense DNA) suppresses or inhibits the lncRNA function.
- the antisense RNA or antisense DNA is preferably an RNA / DNA chimeric structure and / or a modified derivative containing one or more of the above-mentioned modified nucleotides.
- modified nucleotides are those described above, and a more preferred example is a combination of phosphorothioate modifications and 2'-MOE nucleotides, 2'-OMe nucleotides or LNA modified nucleotides.
- the base length of antisense RNA (or antisense DNA) or a modified derivative thereof is usually 12 to 100 nucleotides, preferably 15 to 50 nucleotides, more preferably 20 to 30 nucleotides. Although the base length can be longer than 100 nucleotides, the above range is suitable because it is disadvantageous particularly in terms of production cost.
- the sequence of antisense RNA or antisense DNA is the nucleotide sequence of TUG1 gene transcript lncRNA or the DNA encoding the same, for example, the sequence derived from human TUG1 of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 3, or each of these nucleotide sequences From the base sequence of TUG1, which is a natural variant consisting of a base sequence having a sequence identity of 70% or more, 80% or more or 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, more preferably 98% or more or 99% or more, A base sequence complementary to this sequence or a modified base sequence thereof can be selected.
- nucleotide sequence of the transcript RNA of the human TUG1 gene for example, the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 3, nucleotide numbers 1044 to 1062, 1044 to 1062, or 1044 to 1062 (FIG. 2) and / or regions of nucleotide numbers 2997 to 5181, 2941 to 5111, or 2941 to 5125 (regions up to # 5- # 4 in FIG. 2) are preferably targeted.
- an antisense RNA containing at least 2, preferably 3 to 4, LNA-modified nucleotides at each end has the antisense strand base sequence (SEQ ID NOs: 28 to 35) shown in FIG. 3A.
- Antisense RNA having, but not limited to, any base sequence such as SEQ ID NOs: 36 to 38 and 51 to 53. Further, in this specific example, the antisense DNA has a base sequence obtained by converting uracil (U) to thymine (T) in the sequence of the antisense RNA.
- composition for Treatment or Prevention of Tumor is characterized by containing, as an active ingredient, a nucleic acid that suppresses high expression of the TUG1 gene in tumor stem cells and thereby suppresses tumor growth. Since the composition of the present invention targets tumor stem cells, the tumor is regressed and tumor metastasis is also suppressed.
- the nucleic acid may be formulated in the form of a composition containing itself mixed with a carrier or the like, or may be formulated so as to be incorporated into a delivery system.
- the dose of the nucleic acid is not limited, and is, for example, about 0.01 mg to about 1,000 mg per person and converted to siRNA molecules per kg adult weight in the case of humans. Should be selected in consideration of the subject's sex, age, weight, symptoms, severity, side effects, etc. In addition, administration can be performed at intervals of, for example, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, or 4 weeks, or at intervals exceeding 1 month if necessary.
- a carrier or diluent and an additive can be mixed to form a pharmaceutical composition.
- a pharmaceutical kit which combined this pharmaceutical composition with other anticancer agents (for example, a chemotherapeutic agent, an antibody drug, etc.) and / or other treatment-related drugs.
- the carrier or diluent may vary depending on the form of the formulation, ie, usually a solid formulation, a semi-solid formulation or a liquid (or solution) formulation, or a dosage form (or dosage form).
- the dosage form includes tablets, capsules, granules, powders, syrups, gels, or the like, or injections, drops, transmucosal agents (eg, nasal agents), transdermal administration And parenteral administration agents such as pills, liposomes, rectal administration (or suppositories), inhalants, ointments, lotions and the like.
- the diluent for liquid preparation includes, for example, distilled water, sterilized water, Ringer's solution, physiological saline and the like. If necessary, an appropriate amount of ethanol can be mixed.
- an organic solvent alone or an organic solvent / water mixture can be used as a carrier or an excipient.
- organic solvents examples include ethanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, acetonitrile, acetone, ketone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, fats and oils such as cocoa butter and soybean oil, and these Is included.
- carriers or excipients for solid formulations include maltose, lactose, sucrose, starch, gelatin, tragacanth gum, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and the like.
- Additives are pharmaceutically acceptable, for example, excipients, extenders, fillers, extenders, binders, wetting agents, disintegrants, lubricants, emulsifiers, dispersants, buffers, preservatives, dissolution agents. Auxiliaries, preservatives, flavoring agents, soothing agents, stabilizers, tonicity agents, pH adjusters, and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the administration route include intravenous administration, intraarterial administration, oral administration, transpulmonary administration, tissue administration, transdermal administration, transmucosal administration, rectal administration, intraperitoneal administration, intracerebral administration, and the like. .
- intravenous administration, transdermal administration, and transmucosal administration are particularly preferable.
- the nucleic acid in the composition of the present invention can be encapsulated in liposomes.
- a cationic liposome is usually used (Y. TAKAHASHI et al., YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 127 (10) 1525-1531 (2007)).
- Cationic liposomes are positively charged and easily bind electrostatically to negatively charged cell membranes, and passively bound liposome membranes are taken up into the cytoplasm via endocytosis and are transferred from the endosomes. It is thought that it escapes and is released into the cytoplasm.
- the present invention further provides a method for treating a subject having a tumor in which the TUG1 gene is highly expressed as compared with a normal tissue, which comprises administering the above composition as an anticancer agent to the subject.
- Examples of the tumor that can be treated according to the present invention are brain tumor, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, and lymphoma, but are not limited thereto.
- the use of the above-described nucleic acid in brain tumor stem cells has confirmed excellent cell proliferation effects, and therefore the composition containing the nucleic acid of the present invention as an active ingredient is also excellent as an anticancer agent targeting tumor stem cells. It has been found.
- compositions subject, dose, route of administration, number of doses, etc. are as described above.
- composition of the present invention can be administered to a subject in combination with administration of other cancer therapeutic agents such as chemotherapeutic agents, pharmaceutical antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors.
- Administration of the composition can be performed before, simultaneously with, or after administration of other cancer therapeutic agents such as chemotherapeutic agents, pharmaceutical antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors.
- chemotherapeutic agents include, but are not limited to, anticancer agents as described in JP-T-2014-508515, for example, topoisomerase inhibitors (for example, etoposide, lamptothecin, topotecan, teniposide, mitoxantrone, etc.), DNA alkylating agents (for example, cisplatin, mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, columbucil, busulfan, thiotepa, carmustine, lomustine, carboplatin, dacarbazine, procarbazine, etc.), DNA strand breakage inducers (for example, bleomycin) , Doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, mitomycin C, etc.), anti-microtubule agents (eg, vincristine, vinblastine, etc.), antimetabolites (eg, cytarabine,
- Examples of pharmaceutical antibodies include, but are not limited to, various commercially available antibodies including trastuzumab and bevacizuzumab, and antibodies that are developed and marketed.
- An immune checkpoint inhibitor is a drug for restoring the original attack power of immune cells against cancer cells by suppressing the cancer cells from avoiding attacks from immune cells, such as PD-1 (programmed cell Examples include antibodies to death-1) and PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) (for example, nivolumab, atezolizumab, etc.).
- the dosage of the above drug is selected in consideration of the sex, age, weight, symptom, severity, side effects, etc. of the subject, or is in a range actually used in clinical practice.
- Example 1 ⁇ Expression level of TUG1 in various tumor cell lines> The expression level of TUG1 in various tumor cell lines was measured using quantitative RT-PCR.
- the tumor cell lines used were glioma stem cell line (GSC), glioma cell line (T98, U251, SK-MG1 and AO2), breast cancer cell line (MCF7, MDA231, SK-BR3 and T47D), colon cancer cell line (Lovovo).
- the results are expressed as a relative expression ratio of TUG1 to the internal standard GAPDH (glyceraldehyde, 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and shown in FIG.
- GAPDH glycosylase-1
- a target sequence region candidate is selected from the entire base sequence (NR — 110492 (SEQ ID NO: 1), NR — 110493 (SEQ ID NO: 2), and NR — 002323 (SEQ ID NO: 3) of TUG1 lncRNA.
- siRNAs were introduced into glioma stem cell line GSC (1.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells) using Lipofectamine 3000 (Life Technologies) according to the attached protocol so as to have a final concentration of 30 nM.
- Silencer Select Negative Control # 1 siRNA (Life Technologies, catalog number 4390843) was used as a control siRNA (“NC”).
- N control siRNA
- the expression level of TUG1 relative to the control siRNA was quantified by quantitative RT-PCR (Applied Biosystems) using the GAPDH gene as an internal standard.
- si-TUG1 # 1 to si- A significant TUG1 expression suppression effect was confirmed against TUG1 # 8) (FIGS. 2 and 4).
- si-TUG1 # 9 to si-TUG1 # 14 did not show a sufficient TUG1 expression suppression effect.
- nucleotide numbers 1044 to 1062, 1044 to 1062, or 1044 to 1062 in the case of # 1 in FIG. 2) in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 3 as the TUG1 target region, respectively.
- Region and / or 2997-5181, 2941-5111, or 2941-5125 (regions up to # 5- # 4 in FIG. 2) were found to be preferred.
- Example 3 ⁇ Inhibition of GSC tumor growth>
- siRNAs si-TUG1 # 1 to si-TUG1 # 8
- a lipofection method in GSC tumor cells as described in Example 2.
- the number of viable cells was measured using trypan blue staining (Life Technologies), and the antiproliferative effect on the control siRNA (“NC”) was analyzed and used for the analysis.
- a significant antiproliferative effect was observed for 8 types of siRNA (FIG. 5).
- Example 4 ⁇ Inhibition of GSC tumor growth by LNA-modified antisense RNA>
- the LNA (complementary to the lncRNA sequence portion of TUG1) of si-TUG1 # 2 that most effectively suppressed the expression of TUG1 in Example 2 and Example 3.
- NC control siRNA
- si-TUG1 # 2 si-TUG1 # 2
- LNA-modified antisense was introduced into the glioma stem cell line GSC by lipofection, and RNA was collected 3, 7 and 10 days after the introduction to express TUG1 The change in quantity was quantified over time.
- LNA modification was performed on the antisense strand sequence of si-TUG1 # 6 ((Note) is a sequence complementary to the lncRNA sequence portion of TUG1), and three types of LNA-modified antisense RNAs (LNA-TUG1 -# 1 (SEQ ID NO: 51), LNA-TUG1-2 # 2 (SEQ ID NO: 52), LNA-TUG1-2 # 3 (SEQ ID NO: 53); FIG. The expression suppression effect was examined.
- NC control siRNA
- si-TUG1 # 6 si-TUG1 # 6
- LNA-modified antisense was introduced into the glioma stem cell line GSC by lipofection, and RNA was recovered 3, 7 and 10 days after the introduction to express TUG1 The change in quantity was quantified over time.
- LNA-TUG1-2 LNA-TUG1-2 # 2 (SEQ ID NO: 52) and LNA-TUG1-2 # 3 (SEQ ID NO: 53) showed excellent antiproliferative effects (FIG. 11).
- Example 5 Provides Example 5 ⁇ Prostate cancer growth suppression> Si-TUG1 # 2 was introduced into prostate cancer cell line PC3 by the lipofection method in the same manner as in Example 2 and Example 3. Three days after the introduction, the TUG1 expression level in the prostate cancer cell line PC3 and the relative cell growth rate of the PC3 line were measured in the same manner as in the above example. Control siRNA (“NC”) was used as a negative control, and the expression level was also expressed as the relative expression ratio of TUG1 to the internal standard GAPDH.
- NC Control siRNA
- Example 6 Tumor growth suppression in GSC tumor-bearing mice>
- the time when the tumor size reached about 100 mm 3 was defined as day 0, and LNA-TUG1-1 # 1 (SEQ ID NO: 36) was added to each tumor every 3 days from this point. The tumor size was measured until day 35.
- control siRNA (“NC”) was similarly administered to mice.
- a modified siRNA and a modified antisense RNA that effectively suppress the expression of TUG1 in a specific tumor cell are prepared, and TUG1 expression is suppressed and cell proliferation of tumors such as glioma and / or tumor stem cells among them.
- Nucleic acids have been found to inhibit
- LNA-modified antisense RNA suppresses TUG1 expression in the tumor for a longer period of time and significantly suppresses tumor and / or tumor stem cell proliferation.
- the present invention suggests that nucleic acid drug discovery targeting TUG1 may be effective for GBM treatment.
- SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 19 siRNA against human TUG1
- SEQ ID NOs: 20-21, 28-29, 43, 49 siRNA against human TUG1, in which (1), (17) are RNA.
- SEQ ID NOs: 22-27, 30-35, 39-42, 44-48, 50 siRNA against human TUG1, wherein (1), (19) are RNA.
- SEQ ID NO: 36 LNA modified antisense RNA, wherein (1), (4) and (16), (19) are locked nucleic acids.
- SEQ ID NO: 37 LNA-modified antisense RNA, in which (1), (3) and (17), (19) are locked nucleic acids. (19) is a locked nucleic acid.
- SEQ ID NO: 38 LNA-modified antisense RNA, wherein (1), (4) and (17), (19) are locked nucleic acids.
- SEQ ID NO: 51 LNA-modified antisense RNA, wherein (1), (4) and (18), (21) are locked nucleic acids.
- SEQ ID NO: 52 LNA-modified antisense RNA, in which (1), (3) and (19), (21) are locked nucleic acids.
- SEQ ID NO: 53 LNA modified antisense RNA, wherein (1), (4) and (19), (21) are locked nucleic acids.
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Abstract
Description
1.TUG1遺伝子の高発現を抑制する核酸
本発明の組成物の有効成分は、腫瘍幹細胞においてTUG1遺伝子の高発現を抑制する核酸である。
本発明の組成物は、腫瘍幹細胞において上記のTUG1遺伝子の高発現を抑制する、それによって腫瘍の増殖を抑制する核酸を有効成分として含むことを特徴とする。本発明の組成物は腫瘍幹細胞を標的とするため、腫瘍は退縮するし、並びに、腫瘍の転移も抑制される。
<各種腫瘍細胞株におけるTUG1の発現レベル>
種々の腫瘍細胞株におけるTUG1の発現レベルを定量的RT-PCRを用いて測定した。使用した腫瘍細胞株は、グリオーマ幹細胞株(GSC)、グリオーマ細胞株(T98,U251,SK-MG1及びAO2)、乳癌細胞株(MCF7,MDA231,SK-BR3及びT47D)、大腸癌細胞株(Lovo,Caco-2,RKO,SW48、SW480及びSW1083)、前立腺癌細胞株(PC3,LNCap及びVcap)、肝臓癌細胞株(HepG2,Huh7及びA549)、肺癌細胞株(H920及びPC9)、白血病細胞株(Jurkat)、バーキットリンパ腫細胞株(Raji)、並びに、リンパ腫細胞株(Pfeiffer)である。
<siRNAによるTUG1の標的配列の位置と抑制効果>
TUG1発現を抑制する核酸(siRNA)を設計するために、TUG1 lncRNAの塩基配列(NR_110492(配列番号1)、NR_110493(配列番号2)及びNR_002323(配列番号3)の全体から標的配列領域の候補を選抜し(A.M.Khalil et al.,PNAS,106:11667-11672,2009)、siDirect version 2.0(http://sidirect2.rnai.jp/))、その領域に対するsiRNA(すなわち、si-TUG1#1~si-TUG1#14((注)これらの各配列には3'末端に2つのデオキシリボヌクレオチド配列が含まれている。))を北海道システムサイエンス社(札幌、日本)に依頼し作製した(図3)。
<GSC腫瘍増殖抑制>
実施例2で作製されTUG1発現抑制効果が認められた8種類のsiRNA(si-TUG1#1~si-TUG1#8)の各々を、実施例2に記載したとおりGSC腫瘍細胞内にリポフェクション法を用いて導入し、各siRNAの導入3日後にトリパンブルー染色(ライフテクノロジーズ社)を用いて生存細胞数を測定し、コントロールsiRNA(「NC」)に対する抗増殖効果を解析した結果、解析に用いた8種類のsiRNAについて有意な抗増殖効果が認められた(図5)。
<LNA修飾アンチセンスRNAによるGSC腫瘍増殖抑制>
実施例2及び実施例3でTUG1の発現を最も効果的に抑制したsi-TUG1#2のセンス鎖配列((注)TUG1のlncRNA配列部分と相補的な配列である。)に対してLNA(Locked Nucleic Acid;2'-O,4'-Cメチレンブリッジ(-O-CH2-)核酸ヌクレオチド)修飾を行い3種類のLNA修飾アンチセンスRNA(LNA-TUG1-1#1(配列番号36)、LNA-TUG1-1#2(配列番号37)、LNA-TUG1-1#3(配列番号38);図6)をジーンデザイン社(大阪、日本)に依頼し作製し、TUG1発現抑制効果を調べた。コントロールsiRNA(「NC」)、si-TUG1#2、及び上記のLNA修飾アンチセンスの各々をグリオーマ幹細胞株GSCへリポフェクション法により導入し、導入後3、7、10日後にRNAを回収しTUG1発現量の変化を継時的に定量した。
<前立腺癌増殖抑制>
実施例2及び実施例3と同様の手順により前立腺癌細胞株PC3にsi-TUG1#2をリポフェクション法にて導入した。導入3日後の前立腺癌細胞株PC3におけるTUG1発現レベルとPC3株の相対細胞増殖率を上記実施例と同様に測定した。陰性対照としてコントロールsiRNA(「NC」)を使用し、また、発現レベルは、同様に、内部標準GAPDHに対するTUG1の相対発現比率で表した。
<GSC腫瘍担持マウスにおける腫瘍増殖抑制>
グリオーマ幹細胞株GSCを皮下に移植したヌードマウスに、腫瘍サイズが約100mm3となった時点を0日目とし、この時点から3日毎にLNA-TUG1-1#1(配列番号36)を各腫瘍に対して5μgずつ直接投与し、35日目まで腫瘍サイズを測定した。対照としてコントロールsiRNA(「NC」)を同様にマウスに投与した。
配列番号20~21、28~29、43、49:ヒトTUG1に対するsiRNA、この配列中(1)・・(17)はRNAである。
配列番号22~27、30~35、39~42、44~48、50:ヒトTUG1に対するsiRNA、この配列中(1)・・(19)はRNAである。
配列番号36:LNA修飾アンチセンスRNA、この配列中(1)・・(4)及び(16)・・(19)はロックされた核酸である。
配列番号37:LNA修飾アンチセンスRNA、この配列中(1)・・(3)及び(17)・・(19)はロックされた核酸である。
(19)はロックされた核酸である。
配列番号38:LNA修飾アンチセンスRNA、この配列中(1)・・(4)及び(17)・・(19)はロックされた核酸である。
配列番号51:LNA修飾アンチセンスRNA、この配列中(1)・・(4)及び(18)・・(21)はロックされた核酸である。
配列番号52:LNA修飾アンチセンスRNA、この配列中(1)・・(3)及び(19)・・(21)はロックされた核酸である。
配列番号53:LNA修飾アンチセンスRNA、この配列中(1)・・(4)及び(19)・・(21)はロックされた核酸である。
Claims (12)
- 腫瘍幹細胞においてTUG1遺伝子の高発現を抑制する核酸を有効成分として含む、TUG1遺伝子を正常組織と比べて高発現する腫瘍を有する被験体を治療又は予防するための組成物。
- 前記核酸が、TUG1遺伝子の転写体RNAに対する、siRNA、その前駆体RNA、アンチセンスRNA、若しくはその修飾RNA、又はアンチセンスDNAである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記核酸が、TUG1遺伝子の転写体RNAの配列番号1、2又は3の塩基配列において、それぞれ、ヌクレオチド番号1044~1062、1044~1062、又は1044~1062、並びに/或いは、ヌクレオチド番号2997~5181、2941~5111、又は2941~5125の領域を標的とする、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 前記核酸が、配列番号4~11の塩基配列からなるセンス鎖と、該センス鎖のそれぞれに相補的な配列番号12~19の塩基配列からなるアンチセンス鎖とを含むsiRNA、その前駆体RNA又はその修飾RNAのいずれか1つ又は2つ以上の組み合わせである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記修飾RNAが、1つ又は2つ以上の修飾ヌクレオチド又はデオキシリボヌクレオチドを含む、請求項2~4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記デオキシリボヌクレオチドを含む修飾RNAが、配列番号20~27の塩基配列からなるセンス鎖と、該センス鎖のそれぞれに相補的な配列を含む配列番号28~35の塩基配列からなるアンチセンス鎖とを含むsiRNA、或いは、配列番号28~35の塩基配列からなるアンチセンスRNA/DNAキメラである、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 前記修飾ヌクレオチドを含む修飾RNAが、各末端に、2'-O、4'-Cメチレンブリッジを有するロックされた少なくとも2つのLNA修飾ヌクレオチドを含むLNA修飾アンチセンスRNAである、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 前記修飾RNAが、配列番号36~38、51~53のいずれかの塩基配列からなるLNA修飾アンチセンスRNAである、請求項2~3、5~7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記核酸が、TUG1遺伝子の転写体RNAに対する、siRNA、その前駆体RNA若しくはアンチセンスRNAをコードするDNA、又はアンチセンスDNA、を含むベクターである、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記腫瘍が、脳腫瘍、乳癌、大腸癌、前立腺癌、肝臓癌、肺癌、白血病及びリンパ腫からなる群から選択される、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を被験体に投与することを含む、TUG1遺伝子を正常組織と比べて高発現する腫瘍を有する被験体を治療するための方法。
- 前記腫瘍が、脳腫瘍、乳癌、大腸癌、前立腺癌、肝臓癌、肺癌、白血病及びリンパ腫からなる群から選択される、請求項11に記載の方法。
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