WO2016129279A1 - 投射装置およびインターフェース装置 - Google Patents
投射装置およびインターフェース装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016129279A1 WO2016129279A1 PCT/JP2016/000691 JP2016000691W WO2016129279A1 WO 2016129279 A1 WO2016129279 A1 WO 2016129279A1 JP 2016000691 W JP2016000691 W JP 2016000691W WO 2016129279 A1 WO2016129279 A1 WO 2016129279A1
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- light
- mirror
- projection
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- zero
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/06—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the phase of light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
- H04N5/7416—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
- H04N9/315—Modulator illumination systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
- H04N9/315—Modulator illumination systems
- H04N9/3155—Modulator illumination systems for controlling the light source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
- H04N9/3173—Constructional details thereof wherein the projection device is specially adapted for enhanced portability
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3191—Testing thereof
- H04N9/3194—Testing thereof including sensor feedback
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N2021/1761—A physical transformation being implied in the method, e.g. a phase change
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0808—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more diffracting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/46—Systems using spatial filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a projection device and an interface device.
- the present invention relates to a projection apparatus and an interface apparatus using a phase modulation type spatial modulator.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses an interface device called Everywhere Display Projector (hereinafter referred to as ED projector) using a projector and a camera.
- ED projector Everywhere Display Projector
- Projector modulation methods include intensity modulation type and phase modulation type.
- the phase modulation type is more power efficient than the intensity modulation type, and can be designed so that it does not darken even if the projector and the screen are separated from each other, and the defective pixels of the modulation element do not become defects on the screen. It has.
- the phase modulation type requires a light source that emits coherent light, or the advantage of power efficiency disappears when a natural image is displayed. Yes.
- phase modulation projector As shown in FIG. 25, a high-order image having the same pattern as the zero-order image is projected around the zero-order light 102 projected onto the main region 101 at the center of the projection image 100. Therefore, in the phase modulation projector, a light-shielding body that shields the high-order image projected outside the main region 101 is provided in order to remove the high-order image. Further, in the phase modulation projector, as shown in FIG. 25, zero-order light 102 is displayed near the center of each area of the normal image. The zero-order light 102 can theoretically be erased in an ideal system that does not include a DC (Direct Current) component other than an image, but cannot be completely erased in a realistic system.
- DC Direct Current
- an area where the 0th-order light 102 is avoided after the 0th-order light 102 is shifted by an asymmetric lens system and the brightness of the shifted image is made uniform.
- FIG. 26 shows an example of a projection apparatus using a phase modulation type spatial light modulator.
- the laser light emitted from the light source 201 is irradiated to the phase modulation type spatial modulator 203 as parallel light by the collimator lens 202.
- the laser light modulated by the spatial modulator 203 is Fourier transformed by the Fourier transform lens 204, and an image 215 including zeroth-order light is projected onto the reproduction surface 206.
- the image 215 including zeroth-order light is an image obtained by Fourier transforming the CGH 211 (CGH: Computer : Generated Hologram).
- CGH Computer : Generated Hologram
- the lens pattern 212 of the Fourier transform lens 204 is superimposed on the CGH 211 by the calculator 210. Then, an image 215 including zeroth order light is formed on the focal plane 205, but the zeroth order light is dispersed by shifting the focal position of the zeroth order light from the reproduction plane 206. An image 216 that does not stand out is displayed.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a method for removing zero-order light from a projected image.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an optical modulation device that can generate modulated light from which zero-order light has been removed.
- the light modulation device of Patent Document 1 includes a first spatial light modulator that modulates the phase of incident light, a shielding member that removes zero-order light from the modulated light generated by the first spatial light modulator, and zero-order light.
- a second modulator that modulates the polarization state of the modulated light from which the light is removed for each of a plurality of regions.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a projection apparatus that displays a diffraction pattern on a spatial phase modulation element and displays an image by diffraction of light irradiated on the diffraction pattern.
- the projection apparatus of Patent Document 2 includes a spatial modulation element having a number of partition columns that is twice or more the number of pixel columns of a display image.
- an image 216 in which the 0th-order light is not conspicuous is displayed on the reproduction surface 206.
- the 0th-order light becomes easy to see depending on the position of the screen. There was a problem that light was condensed and restored.
- the 0th-order light included in the modulated light generated by the first spatial light modulator is removed by the shielding member, and the modulated light from which the 0th-order light has been removed is removed from the second space.
- the optical modulator By modulating with the optical modulator, it is possible to generate modulated light that does not include zeroth-order light.
- an extra spatial light modulator is required, or an optical system for removing the 0th-order light from the modulated light modulated by the first spatial light modulator. For this reason, there has been a problem that restrictions are imposed on the downsizing and cost reduction of the apparatus.
- the projection apparatus of Patent Document 2 by using a spatial modulation element having a number of partition columns that is twice or more the number of pixel columns of a display image, diffracted light for displaying an image and unnecessary zero-order light are generated. It is possible to separate and project an image including no zero-order light onto the projection target.
- the projection apparatus of Patent Document 2 has a problem that wasteful power consumption occurs because at least half of the modulated light modulated by each pixel of the spatial modulation element is not used for projection.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a projection device capable of projecting an image from which zero-order light has been removed without adding extra modulation elements or pixels and without adding distortion or reducing luminance. It is.
- the projection apparatus is installed on a phase modulator that modulates the phase of incident laser light, a Fourier transform lens that Fourier transforms the laser light whose phase is modulated by the phase modulator, and an image forming surface by the Fourier transform lens. And a mirror that reflects the laser beam Fourier-transformed by the Fourier transform lens and a projection lens that magnifies and projects the light reflected by the mirror as projection light, and the mirror is included in the laser beam that has undergone Fourier transform.
- the secondary light is guided in a direction different from that of the projection lens, and the light not including the zero-order light is reflected toward the projection lens.
- An interface apparatus includes an imaging means for imaging an area including an operation area for performing an interface operation, a phase modulator for modulating the phase of incident laser light, and a laser beam whose phase is modulated by the phase modulator.
- a projection unit that projects projection light onto the operation region, an image captured by the imaging unit, an operator's operation included in the acquired image is recognized, and an appropriate image signal based on the recognized result Is provided to the projecting means, and control means for controlling the projecting means to project an appropriate image is provided.
- the mirror of the projection means guides the zero-order light included in the Fourier-transformed laser light in a direction different from that of the projection lens, and reflects the light not including the zero-order light toward the projection lens.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a projection apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the projection apparatus according to this embodiment includes a phase modulator 1, a Fourier transform lens 2, a mirror 3, and a projection lens 5.
- the phase modulator 1 is a phase modulation type modulation element that receives laser light emitted from a light source (not shown) and modulates the phase of the incident laser light.
- the phase modulator 1 emits the modulated laser light toward the Fourier transform lens 2.
- the phase modulator 1 has a plurality of light receiving regions arranged in a lattice pattern.
- the control means (not shown) has parameters that determine the difference between the phase of the laser light incident on each light receiving region and the phase of the laser light emitted from each light receiving region, for example, optical characteristics such as refractive index and optical path length. Control to change.
- the control unit changes the refractive index of each light receiving region by controlling the voltage applied to each light receiving region, and generates a difference in refractive index between the light receiving regions.
- the laser light incident on each light receiving region is appropriately diffracted based on the difference in refractive index between the light receiving regions.
- the phase distribution of incident light incident on the phase modulator 1 is modulated according to the optical characteristics of each light receiving region.
- the phase modulator 1 is realized by, for example, a ferroelectric liquid crystal, a homogeneous liquid crystal, a vertical alignment liquid crystal, or the like.
- the phase modulator 1 is realized using LCOS (Liquid Crystal Crystal on Silicon) or MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System).
- the incident angle of the laser beam is made non-perpendicular to the display surface of the modulation element. That is, the emission axis of the laser beam emitted from the light source is inclined with respect to the phase modulator 1. The reason why the laser beam emission axis is inclined with respect to the phase modulator 1 will be described below.
- LCOS intensity modulation type modulation element
- polarization beam splitter In modulation by an intensity modulation type modulation element using twisted nematic liquid crystal (also called TN liquid crystal), the polarization direction of incident light is bent (TN: Twisted Nematic).
- TN Twisted Nematic
- light passing through the polarization beam splitter can be formed depending on the degree of modulation, and light intensity can be modulated.
- phase modulation type modulation element (LCOS) only modulates the phase of the wavefront by changing the refractive index, not the polarization. Therefore, the light perpendicularly incident on the phase modulation type modulation element using the polarization beam splitter is returned to the incident direction after being modulated by the modulation element. For this reason, light cannot be vertically incident on a phase modulation type modulation element using a polarization beam splitter.
- a beam splitter without polarization is used, light perpendicularly incident on the phase modulation type modulation element can be modulated and extracted, but the efficiency becomes 1 ⁇ 4.
- the laser light emission axis is set obliquely with respect to the phase modulator 1, and light is incident on the phase modulator 1 without using a beam splitter. Improve efficiency by making the configuration possible.
- the Fourier transform lens 2 is an optical lens that Fourier transforms the laser light modulated by the phase modulator 1.
- An image Fourier-transformed by the Fourier transform lens 2 becomes an image in which a kind of diffraction grating forms an aggregate, and an image is formed by collecting light diffracted by these diffraction gratings.
- the 0th-order light 102 is displayed near the center of the image as shown in FIG.
- the mirror 3 that changes the direction of light in the vicinity of the formation surface of the Fourier transform image, zero-order light included in the image is eliminated.
- the mirror 3 is provided in the vicinity of the formation surface of the Fourier transform image generated by the Fourier transform lens 2 as shown in FIG. That is, the mirror 3 is arranged so that the image forming surface of the Fourier transform lens 2 is positioned on the reflecting surface 31. Note that the image forming surface of the Fourier transform lens 2 does not have to be positioned exactly on the reflecting surface 31.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the mirror 3. As shown in FIG. 2, the mirror 3 has a reflecting surface 31 that reflects light. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view when the mirror 3 is cut perpendicular to the reflecting surface 31 with the traveling axis of the zero-order light as a cutting line.
- an entrance 32 leading to the through hole 33 inside the mirror 3 is opened at a portion on the reflecting surface 31 where the 0th order light hits.
- an exit 34 is opened on a surface facing the reflecting surface 31.
- the mirror 3 is provided with a through-hole 33 along the traveling axis of the zero-order light.
- the opening diameter of the through hole 33 may be 0.1 mm, for example.
- the opening diameter of the through hole 33 does not need to be set to 0.1 mm with high accuracy.
- the accuracy may be about 0.10 ⁇ 0.01 mm, or may be about 0.10 ⁇ 0.05 mm. Good.
- the central value of the opening diameter of the through hole 33 is not limited to 0.1 mm, and may be in the range of about 0.01 to 3 mm.
- the opening diameter of the through hole 33 shown here is an example, and it may be set according to the irradiation diameter of the laser beam to be actually used, and it is not limited to the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the opening diameter. Absent.
- the cross section of the through hole 33 is illustrated as being circular, but the cross section of the through hole 33 is not limited to a circular shape.
- the cross-section of the through hole 33 can be an arbitrary shape such as an ellipse, a rectangle, a square, a polygon, and a star.
- the cross-sectional shape of the through hole 33 may not be constant inside the mirror 3.
- the inlet 32 may be circular, but the outlet 34 may be elliptical.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a locus of incident light incident on the mirror 3.
- the 0th-order light enters from the entrance 32 on the reflection surface 31, travels through the through hole 33 inside the mirror 3, and exits toward the exit 34.
- light that is not zero-order light is reflected in a direction different from the traveling direction of incident light. Therefore, the zero-order light is not included in the light reflected by the reflecting surface 31 of the mirror 3.
- the projection lens 5 is an optical lens that magnifies and projects the light reflected by the mirror 3.
- the image projected by the projection lens 5 does not include the 0th order light removed by the mirror 3.
- the projection apparatus according to the present embodiment is suitable for an interface apparatus that projects line drawings, characters, and the like for the following reasons.
- the projection device when an image such as a natural image is projected by the projection device according to the present embodiment, the 0th-order light that should have been projected to the center of the screen is removed, so that a dark region is displayed at the center of the screen. End up. For this reason, when the projection apparatus according to the present embodiment is used as a normal projector, it is necessary to make the dark area at the center of the screen inconspicuous.
- the projection device according to the present embodiment when the projection device according to the present embodiment is applied to an interface device that projects line drawings or characters, or a device that is constantly used in a moving scene, the dark area at the center of the screen may be inconspicuous depending on how it is used. it can.
- the image to be displayed is a line drawing or a character and is predetermined, it is possible to form an image while avoiding the 0th-order light region.
- a mirror having a through hole is disposed at a position where the 0th-order light hits at a position where an image Fourier-transformed by a Fourier transform lens is formed.
- the mirror of the projection device according to the present embodiment allows the 0th-order light to escape through the through-hole, and changes the traveling direction of light other than the 0th-order light to the direction of the projection lens to obtain projection light. As a result, zero-order light can be eliminated from the projection light, and a bright display image can be obtained without distortion.
- FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the mirror 310 of the first modification.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view when the mirror 310 is cut perpendicular to the reflecting surface 311 with the traveling axis of the zero-order light as a cutting line.
- the mirror 310 of the first modification is plate-shaped. At least one of the main surfaces of the mirror 310 is a reflecting surface 311.
- the reflective surface 311 is provided with a through-hole 313 through which the 0th-order light enters.
- the through hole 313 penetrates to the surface facing the reflective surface 311. Therefore, the 0th-order light that has entered the through hole is not reflected by the reflecting surface 311 of the mirror 310.
- incident light other than the zero-order light is reflected by the reflecting surface 311 and travels toward the projection lens 5.
- the projection device can be easily miniaturized, which is preferable when the projection device is mounted on a portable device.
- the plate-shaped mirror is easier to process than the prism shape.
- the shape of the mirror is not limited to a plate-like shape or a prism shape.
- the mirror of the projection apparatus according to the present embodiment can have any shape as long as it has a reflecting surface.
- FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of the mirror 320 of the second modification.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view when the mirror 320 is cut perpendicular to the reflecting surface 321 with the traveling axis of the zero-order light as a cutting line.
- the cross-sectional area of the through hole 323 inside the mirror 320 becomes larger as the 0th-order light travels.
- the cross-sectional area of the through hole 323 increases as the 0th-order light travels, so that it is less likely to hit the inner wall of the through hole 323 compared to the mirror 3 of FIG. . That is, according to the second modification, since the inner diameter of the through hole increases in the traveling direction of the zeroth order light, the possibility that the zeroth order light is reflected by the inner wall of the through hole can be reduced.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view when the mirror 330 of the third modification is cut perpendicularly to the reflecting surface 331 with the 0th-order light traveling axis as a cutting line.
- the mirror 330 of Modification 3 has a light absorber 335 disposed on the inner wall of the through hole 333.
- the light absorber 335 for example, a black body such as carbon can be used.
- a material that selectively absorbs light having a specific wavelength may be used as the light absorber 335.
- the light that has reached the inner wall out of the light that has entered the through hole 333 is absorbed by the light absorber 335, so that the proportion of light that is irregularly reflected by the inner wall of the mirror 330 can be reduced.
- FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view when the mirror 340 of the modification 4 is cut perpendicularly to the reflecting surface 341 with the traveling axis of the zero-order light as a cutting line.
- the mirror 340 of the modification 4 has a light absorber 345 in the through hole 343 inside the mirror 340.
- the light absorber 345 for example, a black body such as carbon can be used.
- a material that selectively absorbs light having a specific wavelength may be used as the light absorber 345.
- the light absorber 345 need not be made of a uniform material, and may be made of different materials and compositions on the reflective surface 341 side and the exit side. Further, all 0th-order light passing through the through hole 343 may be absorbed by the light absorber 345, but a configuration in which part of the 0th-order light comes out from the outlet of the through hole 343 is also possible.
- the fourth modification at least a part of the 0th order light entering the through hole 343 is absorbed by the light absorber 345.
- an image from which 0th-order light is removed is projected without adding extra modulation elements or pixels and without adding distortion or reducing luminance. It becomes possible to do.
- a projection apparatus adapted to an environment in which the distance relationship between the projection apparatus and the projection object changes. Can be provided.
- the mirror 350 has a thin film mirror 351 formed on the main surface of a glass substrate 352.
- a hole 353 is formed in a portion of the thin film mirror 351 where the 0th order light hits.
- the thin film mirror 351 may reflect, for example, all incident wavelengths of light, or may reflect some wavelengths of light.
- the thin film mirror 351 is realized by, for example, a metal thin film such as aluminum or silver, a dielectric film, or the like.
- the thin film mirror 351 may be realized, for example, as a dichroic mirror that reflects only light in a specific wavelength region. Further, the thin film mirror 351 may be a single layer film or a multilayer film, and it is sufficient that at least incident laser light is reflected.
- the 0th-order light passes through the substrate 352 after passing through the hole 353.
- light other than the 0th-order light is reflected by the thin film mirror 351 and projected by the projection lens 5. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the thin film mirror 351 can also be provided on the surface of the substrate 352 made of a material other than glass. For example, if the thin film mirror 351 is provided on the surface of the substrate 352 made of a material lighter than glass such as plastic, the mirror 350 itself can be reduced in weight. Further, if the substrate 352 on which the thin film mirror 351 is provided is made transparent, the light passing through the hole 353 of the thin film mirror 351 can be configured to pass through the substrate 352. On the other hand, if the substrate 352 provided with the thin film mirror 351 is not transparent, the substrate 352 may not be processed as it is if the reflectance of the substrate 352 is small. However, if the reflection by the substrate 352 cannot be ignored, the 0th order light passes therethrough. A hole 353 is preferably formed in the substrate 352.
- the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained. Further, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to reduce the weight of the mirror as compared with the first embodiment.
- the projection apparatus according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which output measurement means 7 is added to the configuration of FIG. FIG. 13 also shows a light source 6 that emits laser light.
- the output measuring means 7 is arranged on the traveling axis of the 0th-order light that has passed through the through hole 33 inside the mirror 3.
- the zero-order light that has passed through the mirror 3 enters the output measuring means 7.
- the output measuring means 7 measures the output of the laser beam.
- the output measuring means 7 includes, for example, a sensor that receives light and outputs an electrical signal, and an electronic circuit system for output reading.
- the sensor used for the output measuring means 7 includes a photoelectric conversion method in which an electric signal proportional to the number of incident photons is measured using a photoelectric detector, or a laser beam is absorbed by a light absorber and converted into heat to change the temperature.
- a heat conversion method to be measured may be used.
- An example of a sensor using a photoelectric conversion method is a photodiode that measures an electrical signal proportional to the number of incident photons using a photoelectric detector.
- thermopile a thermopile or a pyroelectric sensor
- the wavelength range may be narrow, but since high-speed response is required, a photoelectric conversion method using a photodiode is preferable.
- FIG. 14 is an example of a control system 80 that controls the light source 6 based on the intensity of the laser light measured by the output measuring means 7.
- the output measuring means 7 transmits the measured 0th-order light output to the control means 8 (also referred to as drive control means).
- the control means 8 controls the drive means 9 that drives the light source 6 so as to keep the intensity of the laser light emitted from the light source 6 constant based on the output of the 0th-order light.
- the intensity of the 0th-order light measured by the output measuring means 7 should be constant. However, when the light source 6 is activated, it takes time until the output of the laser light reaches a certain level. If the actual output of the laser beam can be monitored, the target output can be stabilized more quickly. Considering that the output of the light source 6 changes over time, it is useful to control the output of the laser light emitted from the light source 6 by measuring the 0th order light with the output measuring means 7. .
- a general projection apparatus when introducing an apparatus for actually measuring the intensity of laser light, it is necessary to allocate some percent of the used laser light to an apparatus for measuring the output of the laser light. That is, in order to actually measure the output of laser light with a general projection apparatus, it is necessary to emit laser light with an output exceeding the intended use.
- the projection apparatus according to the present embodiment since the output of zero-order light that is not used as projection light is measured, it is not necessary to emit laser light with an output that is greater than the intended use. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to construct a system that measures laser light with lower power consumption than a general apparatus.
- FIG. 15 is an example showing the configuration of the projection apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the mirror 3 is disposed farther than the focal position 4 of the Fourier transform lens 2.
- the mirror 3 is disposed at a position where the distance between the Fourier transform lens 2 and the mirror 3 is larger than the focal length of the Fourier transform lens 2.
- the erased portion of the image by the through hole 33 is defocused in the region where the Fourier transform image is formed, and the image at the portion of the through hole 33 is also obtained. Allows formation.
- the present embodiment it is possible to project an image of the portion of the through hole 33.
- the distance between the Fourier transform lens 2 and the mirror 3 is too large, the entire projection light will be defocused. Therefore, there is a limit to the distance that can be opened between the Fourier transform lens 2 and the mirror 3.
- FIG. 16 shows another configuration example of the projection apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the mirror 3 is arranged closer to the focal position 4 of the Fourier transform lens 2.
- the mirror 3 is disposed at a position where the distance between the Fourier transform lens 2 and the mirror 3 is smaller than the focal length of the Fourier transform lens 2.
- the focal position 4 of the Fourier transform lens 2 may be located inside the mirror 3. Also in the configuration example of FIG. 16, the same effect as the configuration example of FIG. 15 is obtained.
- the distance between the Fourier transform lens 2 and the mirror 3 is arranged such that the focal position of the Fourier transform lens is shifted from the reflection surface 31 of the mirror 3. As a result, it is possible to project an image of the through hole 33.
- the mirror 360 of the present embodiment does not have the through hole 33 formed in the mirror 360, and the light absorber 362 is disposed on a part of the reflection surface 361.
- FIG. 17 shows a perspective view of the mirror 360 of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view when the mirror 360 is cut perpendicularly to the reflecting surface 361 with the traveling axis of the zero-order light as a cutting line.
- a light absorber 362 is disposed on the reflection surface 361 of the mirror 360 according to the present embodiment at a site where the 0th order light hits. Since the 0th order light is absorbed by the light absorber 362, it is not reflected by the reflecting surface 361. Therefore, light other than the 0th-order light among the light incident on the reflection surface 361 is projected by the projection lens 5.
- a black body is used as the black body used for the light absorber 362.
- a carbon-based material is suitable.
- a carbon nanotube material prepared by a super growth method is suitable. According to the super growth method, a highly oriented carbon nanotube layer can be directly formed on the reflective surface 361.
- the mirror since it is not necessary to make a hole in the mirror, the mirror can be used without being processed.
- the degree of freedom in arranging the optical system is increased.
- FIG. 19 shows a mirror 365 as a modification of the mirror 360 according to the present embodiment.
- the mirror 365 includes a light absorber 367 disposed on the reflection surface 366 and includes a heat conductor 368 inside the mirror 360.
- the heat conductor 368 is thermally connected to the light absorber 367.
- the heat generated by the light absorber 367 absorbing light can be discharged out of the mirror 365 via the heat conductor 368. Therefore, the temperature of the mirror 365 can be prevented from rising due to the light absorber 367 absorbing light. As a result, the lifetime of the mirror 365 and the light absorber 367 can be extended.
- the heat conductor 368 of this modification is configured to be inserted into the through hole, but can be arranged in an arbitrary shape inside the mirror 365. Further, the heat conductor 368 may be cooled by a cooling mechanism such as a cooling fan, a cooling fin, or a cooling pipe.
- a cooling mechanism such as a cooling fan, a cooling fin, or a cooling pipe.
- the mirror 370 of the present embodiment does not have the through hole 33 formed in the mirror 370 and a part of the reflection surface 371 is roughened.
- FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of the mirror 370 of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a locus of incident light incident on the mirror 3.
- the region 372 of the reflecting surface 371 of the mirror 370 where the 0th order light hits is roughened.
- the 0th-order light that hits the roughened region 372 is dispersed and reflected in a plurality of directions including directions in which other light is reflected. Therefore, the 0th-order light reaching the projection lens 5 is reduced.
- the zero-order light included in the projection light is weakened by scattering in multiple directions and projected onto the projection lens.
- the 0th-order light remains in the projection light, but the dark spot of the 0th-order light becomes unclear compared to other embodiments. Therefore, when it is necessary to display an image near the center of the projection area, a natural image can be displayed as compared with other embodiments.
- a common feature of the projection apparatuses according to the first to sixth embodiments described above is that the 0th-order light included in the Fourier-transformed laser light is guided in a different direction from the projection lens, and light that does not include the 0th-order light is transmitted. It is a point provided with the mirror which reflects in a projection lens. According to the first to sixth embodiments, it is possible to project an image from which zero-order light has been removed without adding extra modulation elements or pixels and without adding distortion or reducing luminance. .
- an interface system that displays an image with a small projection area such as a line drawing or text
- a phase modulation type projection device a low-power, small-sized and low-cost system
- the phase modulation type projection apparatus can be miniaturized so as to be mounted on the body, a so-called wearable interface system can be realized.
- the seventh embodiment of the present invention relates to a wearable interface device as described above.
- the interface device 10 includes an imaging unit 11, a control unit 12, and a projection unit 13.
- the projection unit 13 of the interface device 10 according to the present embodiment includes the functions of the projection devices according to the first to sixth embodiments.
- the imaging unit 11 (also referred to as imaging unit) images an area including the operation area 15 for performing an interface operation.
- the imaging unit 11 can be realized by, for example, a general camera function.
- the imaging unit 11 may have a function of imaging light having a wavelength other than visible light, such as infrared light or ultraviolet light.
- the imaging unit 11 may include functions such as a depth sensor and a TOF (Time (of Flight) camera.
- Control unit 12 controls the entire interface device 10.
- the control unit 12 acquires the image captured by the imaging unit 11, and recognizes the position or operation of the operator's finger or hand included in the acquired image as an operation.
- the control unit 12 provides an appropriate image signal based on the recognized result to the projection unit 13 and causes the projection unit 13 to project the image signal as an image.
- the control unit 12 captures the position of each displayed image with the imaging unit 11, reveals coordinates indicating the positional relationship between the projected image and the captured image, and performs control so that the images match each other.
- control unit 12 provides the projection unit 13 with image information corresponding to an operation performed on an image such as a user interface in the area captured by the imaging unit 11 and projects the image information as an image.
- the projection unit 13 is controlled.
- the control unit 12 can be realized by the function of a computer including, for example, an arithmetic device and a control device.
- the control unit 12 of the interface device 10 is preferably realized by a microcomputer. Moreover, you may comprise the control part 12 with the device which has the function of a general computer.
- the projection unit 13 projects an image including a user interface (hereinafter referred to as UI) on the operation area 15 that receives an operation of the operator (UI: User Interface) under the control of the control unit 12.
- UI user interface
- the projection unit 13 includes the functions of the projection apparatus according to the first to sixth embodiments.
- FIG. 23 shows an application example in which the interface device 10 according to the present embodiment described with reference to FIG. 22 is used as a wearable interface (interface device 20).
- FIG. 23 shows a nameplate type interface device 20.
- the interface device 20 has the function of the interface device 10, and as shown in FIG. 23, the camera lens 21 of the imaging unit 11 and the projection lens 23 of the projection unit 13 are exposed on the surface. By attaching the interface device 20 to the front of the chest, it is possible to suppress blurring of imaging and projection.
- the interface device 20 shown in FIG. 23 is an application example of the interface device 10 of FIG.
- the interface device 20 may be a wearable interface device having a pendant type, a wristband type, a wristwatch type, an armband type, a badge type, or the like.
- the wearable interface device according to the present embodiment may be combined with a hat, clothes, gloves, shoes, socks, glasses, a mask, a headlight, and the like.
- FIG. 24 shows a usage scene of the interface device 20 according to the present embodiment.
- the operator wears the interface device 20 on the chest.
- FIG. 24 shows a use scene in which merchandise is displayed / removed according to the expiration date of grocery items handled at supermarkets and convenience stores.
- an image 25 shows an image (x mark) projected on a product whose expiration date has expired.
- the image 26 shows the projection image (character) which shows the time until the expiration date.
- the imaging unit 11 of the interface device 20 images a label indicating the expiration time of a product, and the control unit 12 determines information about the expiration date recorded on the captured label.
- the control unit 12 provides the projection unit 13 with a signal of image information based on the determination result.
- the control unit 22 controls the projecting unit 13 so as to project a mark “X” on a product whose expiration date has expired, and to project the time until the expiration date on a product whose expiration date is close.
- the projecting unit 13 projects a mark “X” for a product whose expiration date has expired and a time until the expiration date for a product whose expiration date is close.
- nothing may be projected on a product that does not require attention to the expiration date.
- An operator wearing the interface device 20 can know information on the expiration date of each product based on the information projected on each product.
- the interface device 20 can be worn on the chest, the operator can use both hands.
- the operator does not have to confirm the label with the product in hand, so that the operation can be performed in a shorter time compared to visually checking the label.
- the operation by the operator is not configured to be accepted. However, for example, when the operator touches a product on which image information is projected, a predetermined character or image may be projected. .
- the projected line drawing may become inconspicuous if bright 0th order light is projected depending on the lighting condition in the room. According to the present embodiment, it is possible to project the projection light from which the 0th-order light is excluded, so that line drawings such as characters are not easily seen by the 0th-order light. Further, in a usage scene using a line drawing such as a character, the area where no light is projected occupies most of the operation area, so that the dark spot of the 0th order light does not stand out.
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Abstract
Description
まず、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る投射装置について図面を参照しながら説明する。
ここで、本実施形態に係る投射装置に使用するミラーの変形例について説明する。
次に、本発明の第2の実施形態に係る投射装置に用いるミラー350について、図11および図12を用いて説明する。なお、本実施形態に係る投射装置のミラー350以外の構成は、第1の実施形態と同様であるために説明は省略する。
次に、本発明の第の実施形態に係る投射装置について図13および図14を用いて説明する。本実施形態に係る投射装置は、図1の構成に出力測定手段7を追加した構成をもつ。なお、図13には、レーザ光を出射する光源6も図示している。
次に、本発明の第4の実施形態に係る投射装置について図15を用いて説明する。なお、本実施形態に係る投射装置の構成要素は第1の実施形態と同じであり、フーリエ変換レンズ2とミラー3との配置関係が第1の実施形態とは異なる。
次に、本発明の第5の実施形態に係る投射装置に用いるミラー360について図17および図18を用いて説明する。本実施形態のミラー360は、第1の実施形態のミラー3とは異なり、ミラー360に貫通穴33が開けられておらず、反射面361の一部に光吸収体362が配置されている。
図19は、本実施形態に係るミラー360の変形例のミラー365である。ミラー365は、反射面366に光吸収体367を配置するとともに、ミラー360の内部に熱伝導体368を含ませる。熱伝導体368は、光吸収体367と熱的に接続される。
次に、本発明の第6の実施形態に係る投射装置に用いるミラー370について、図20および図21を用いて説明する。本実施形態のミラー370は、第1の実施形態のミラー3とは異なり、ミラー370に貫通穴33が開けられておらず、反射面371の一部が粗面化されている。
位相変調型の投射装置を用いて、線画や文字などのような投射面積が小さい画像を表示するインターフェースシステムを構築できれば、低電力、小型および低コストのシステムを実現できる。特に、業務用の作業支援システムなどにおいて、作業者に指示を出したり、目的物を識別するためのマーカを出したりするような場合、線画や文字を投射すれば十分であり、インターフェースシステムとしての有用性が大きい。また、位相変調型の投射装置は、体に装着して用いるように小型化できるため、いわゆるウエアラブルなインターフェースシステムを実現することも可能となる。
2 フーリエ変換レンズ
3 ミラー
5 投射レンズ
6 光源
7 出力測定手段
8 制御手段
9 駆動手段
10 インターフェース装置
11 撮像部
12 制御部
13 投射部
20 インターフェース装置
21 カメラレンズ
23 投射レンズ
31 反射面
32 入口
33 貫通穴
34 出口
Claims (16)
- 入射したレーザ光の位相を変調する位相変調器と、
前記位相変調器によって位相が変調されたレーザ光をフーリエ変換するフーリエ変換レンズと、
前記フーリエ変換レンズによる画像形成面に設置され、前記フーリエ変換レンズによってフーリエ変換されたレーザ光を反射するミラーと、
前記ミラーによって反射された光を投射光として拡大投射する投射レンズとを備え、
前記ミラーは、
前記フーリエ変換されたレーザ光に含まれる0次光を前記投射レンズとは異なる方向に導き、前記0次光を含まない光を前記投射レンズに向けて反射することを特徴とする投射装置。 - 前記ミラーには、前記フーリエ変換されたレーザ光に含まれる前記0次光が通過する貫通穴が開けられている請求項1に記載の投射装置。
- 前記ミラーは、矩形状の主面を有し、前記主面を貫通するように前記貫通穴が開けられている請求項2に記載の投射装置。
- 前記貫通穴の断面積は、前記フーリエ変換されたレーザ光に含まれる前記0次光の進行方向に向けて大きくなっていく請求項2または3に記載の投射装置。
- 前記貫通穴の内壁に光吸収体を配置する請求項2乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の投射装置。
- 前記貫通穴の内部に光吸収体を配置する請求項2乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の投射装置。
- 前記ミラーは、
基板上に形成された薄膜ミラーであり、前記薄膜ミラーには前記フーリエ変換されたレーザ光に含まれる前記0次光が通過する穴が開けられている請求項1に記載の投射装置。 - 前記ミラーの後段に、前記フーリエ変換されたレーザ光に含まれる前記0次光が入射され、入射された前記0次光の出力を計測する出力測定手段を備える請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の投射装置。
- 前記出力測定手段は、フォトダイオードを含む請求項8に記載の投射装置。
- 前記レーザ光を出射する光源と、
前記光源を駆動する駆動手段と、
前記出力測定手段によって測定された前記0次光の出力に基づいて前記駆動手段を制御する駆動制御手段とを備える請求項8または9に記載の投射装置。 - 前記フーリエ変換レンズの焦点位置が前記ミラーの反射面からずれるように前記フーリエ変換レンズと前記ミラーとを配置する請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の投射装置。
- 前記ミラーは、
前記フーリエ変換されたレーザ光に含まれる前記0次光の当たる領域に光吸収体を有する請求項1に記載の投射装置。 - 前記ミラーは、
前記光吸収体に熱的に接続され、前記光吸収体が前記レーザ光を吸収することによって発生した熱を前記ミラーの外部に伝導する熱伝導体を含む請求項12に記載の投射装置。 - 前記ミラーは、
前記フーリエ変換されたレーザ光に含まれる前記0次光の当たる領域が粗面化されている請求項1に記載の投射装置。 - インターフェース操作を行う操作領域を含む領域を撮像する撮像手段と、
入射したレーザ光の位相を変調する位相変調器と、前記位相変調器によって位相が変調されたレーザ光をフーリエ変換するフーリエ変換レンズと、前記フーリエ変換レンズによる画像形成面に設置され、前記フーリエ変換レンズによってフーリエ変換されたレーザ光を反射するミラーと、前記ミラーによって反射された光を投射光として拡大投射する投射レンズとを備え、前記操作領域に前記投射光を投射する投射手段と、
前記撮像手段によって撮像された画像を取得し、取得した画像に含まれる操作者の操作を認識し、認識した結果に基づいた画像信号を前記投射手段に提供し、前記投射手段によって前記画像信号を画像として投射させる制御をする制御手段とを備え、
前記ミラーは、前記フーリエ変換されたレーザ光に含まれる0次光を前記投射レンズとは異なる方向に導き、前記0次光を含まない光を前記投射レンズに向けて反射することを特徴とするインターフェース装置。 - 前記ミラーには、前記フーリエ変換されたレーザ光に含まれる前記0次光が通過する貫通穴が開けられていることを特徴とする請求項15に記載のインターフェース装置。
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JP6743711B2 (ja) | 2020-08-19 |
US10670857B2 (en) | 2020-06-02 |
JPWO2016129279A1 (ja) | 2017-11-24 |
US20180039072A1 (en) | 2018-02-08 |
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