WO2016127560A1 - 一种有机发光二极管阵列基板及其制作方法、显示装置 - Google Patents

一种有机发光二极管阵列基板及其制作方法、显示装置 Download PDF

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WO2016127560A1
WO2016127560A1 PCT/CN2015/083642 CN2015083642W WO2016127560A1 WO 2016127560 A1 WO2016127560 A1 WO 2016127560A1 CN 2015083642 W CN2015083642 W CN 2015083642W WO 2016127560 A1 WO2016127560 A1 WO 2016127560A1
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pixel
organic light
material layer
sub
pixel electrode
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PCT/CN2015/083642
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English (en)
French (fr)
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史世明
高静
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京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Priority to US14/894,913 priority Critical patent/US9660000B2/en
Publication of WO2016127560A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016127560A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
    • H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/805—Electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • H10K59/123—Connection of the pixel electrodes to the thin film transistors [TFT]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/32—Stacked devices having two or more layers, each emitting at different wavelengths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
    • H10K59/351—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels comprising more than three subpixels, e.g. red-green-blue-white [RGBW]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
    • H10K59/352—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels the areas of the RGB subpixels being different
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
    • H10K59/353—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels characterised by the geometrical arrangement of the RGB subpixels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to an OLED array substrate, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device.
  • OLED Organic Light-Emitting Diode
  • the basic structure of an OLED display includes an anode, a light-emitting layer, and a cathode, wherein the light-emitting layer is formed using an organic electroluminescent material.
  • the color display of OLED is generally realized in two ways: one is to realize color display by using white light organic light emitting material combined with color filter. Since part of the light is absorbed by the color filter, this method achieves color display and reduces display brightness.
  • the other is to form a pixel by vapor-depositing an organic light-emitting material of a different primary color using a high-precision metal mask (FMM).
  • FMM high-precision metal mask
  • the area of the pixel formed by vapor deposition of the metal mask is related to the display resolution. The higher the resolution, the larger the density of the pixel, and the smaller the area of the pixel. Taking a display of a 5-inch Full HD Definition (FHD) as an example, the display resolution is 1080x 1920, and the pixel density on the substrate is about 440 PPI, including sub-pixels of three colors of red, green, and blue. Say, each subpixel is about 19.22um x 57.65um.
  • FHD Full HD Definition
  • the blue sub-pixel area is increased in one pixel, and the red and green sub-pixel areas are reduced. It is limited by the limitation of the FMM evaporation process.
  • the area of the blue sub-pixel is larger than the area of the red and green sub-pixels, the processing of further reducing the red and green sub-pixel area by the FMM process is extremely difficult and the cost is very high. High, the area of the sub-pixel is reduced by the FMM evaporation process, and it is almost impossible to improve the display resolution.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an OLED array substrate, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device, which solve the problem of low resolution of a display device caused by color display by vapor deposition of an organic light-emitting material of different primary colors by using a metal mask.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an OLED array substrate, including a plurality of pixel units, the pixel unit including at least a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third
  • the sub-pixel further includes: a substrate substrate, a pixel electrode formed on the substrate substrate, and at least two layers of organic light-emitting materials that display different colors on the pixel electrode, wherein the first sub-pixel includes The first pixel electrode, the second sub-pixel includes a second pixel electrode, and the third sub-pixel includes a third pixel electrode, and the organic light-emitting material layer of the first color covers adjacent first pixel electrode and second pixel electrode of the pixel unit The second color organic light emitting material layer covers adjacent second pixel electrodes and third pixel electrodes in the pixel unit.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for fabricating an OLED array substrate, where the array substrate includes a plurality of pixel units, and the pixel unit includes at least a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel.
  • the production method includes:
  • first sub-pixel includes a first pixel electrode
  • second sub-pixel includes a second pixel electrode
  • third sub-pixel includes a third pixel electrode
  • Second organic light emitting material layer Forming a second organic light emitting material layer, wherein the second organic light emitting material layer covers adjacent second pixel electrodes and third pixel electrodes in the pixel unit.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a display device, including any one of the OLED array substrates provided by the embodiments of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an OLED array substrate, a method for fabricating the same, and a display device, wherein the array substrate includes a plurality of pixel units, and the pixel unit includes at least a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel, the first sub- The pixel includes a first electrode, the second sub-pixel includes a second electrode, and the third sub-pixel includes a third electrode, the organic light-emitting material layer of the first color covers adjacent first pixel electrode and second pixel electrode of the pixel unit, and second The layer of organic light-emitting material of the color covers adjacent second pixel electrodes and third pixel electrodes in the pixel unit.
  • the upper surface of the first pixel electrode is covered only with the organic light-emitting material layer of the first color
  • the upper surface of the third pixel electrode is only covered with the organic light-emitting material layer of the second color
  • the upper surface of the second pixel electrode is covered with the first color a layer of organic luminescent material and a layer of organic luminescent material of a second color.
  • the color displayed by the second sub-pixel is the color of the first color and the second color mixed.
  • the organic light-emitting material layer of the first color and the organic light-emitting material layer of the second color both cover two adjacent pixel electrodes, the organic light-emitting material layer of the first color and the organic light-emitting material layer of the second color pass through the FMM Steaming
  • the organic light-emitting material layer covers two pixel electrodes correspondingly, and the area of the hollow region on the mask plate is large. Therefore, the high-resolution can be made by reducing the area of the pixel electrode, that is, reducing the area of one sub-pixel. Rate display panel.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional pixel unit
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the A-A' direction of the pixel unit shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pixel unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the A-A' direction of the pixel unit shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another pixel unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the A-A' direction of the pixel unit shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another pixel unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a method for fabricating an OLED array substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another method for fabricating an OLED array substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 10-pixel unit 11-glass substrate; 12-TFT array; 13-pixel electrode; 131-first pixel electrode; 132-second pixel electrode; 133-third pixel electrode; 134-fourth pixel electrode; Organic luminescent material layer; 141-red organic luminescent material layer; 142-green organic luminescent material layer; 143-blue organic luminescent material layer.
  • the pixel unit includes four sub-pixels, and the four sub-pixels respectively display red (R), green (G), blue (B), and yellow (Y). colour.
  • the OLED array substrate includes a glass substrate 11 and a TFT array 12 and a pixel electrode 13 formed on the glass substrate 11.
  • the red organic light-emitting material layer 141 covers the first pixel electrode 131 to form a red sub-pixel
  • the yellow organic light-emitting material layer 142 covers the second pixel electrode 132 to form a yellow sub-pixel
  • the green organic light-emitting material layer 143 covers the third pixel electrode 133 to form a third pixel electrode 133.
  • the green sub-pixel, blue organic luminescent material layer 144 covers the first pixel electrode 134 to form a blue sub-pixel. That is, in the prior art, a layer of organic light-emitting material of one color covers one pixel electrode in the pixel unit, thereby forming one sub-pixel. However, when the organic light-emitting material layer is formed by FMM evaporation, the vapor deposition precision of the organic light-emitting material layer is low, resulting in a large area of one sub-pixel and a low resolution of the display panel.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides an OLED array substrate, comprising a plurality of pixel units, the pixel unit comprising at least a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel and a third sub-pixel, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, comprising: a substrate 11.
  • the organic light-emitting material layer of the first color is the red organic light-emitting material layer 141
  • the organic light-emitting material layer of the second color is the green organic light-emitting material layer 142
  • the third pixel electrode 133 is simultaneously covered.
  • the third sub-pixel can display a color after red and green mixing, that is, it can be yellow.
  • the pixel unit 10 can display three different colors of red (R), green (G), and yellow (Y), as shown in FIG. 4, the organic light-emitting material layer 14 includes only red organic light.
  • the organic light-emitting material layer is generally formed by FMM evaporation, so the evaporation precision of the organic light-emitting material layer is not high, resulting in a large area of one sub-pixel and a low resolution of the display panel. Since the pixel electrode is formed by exposure of the mask, the vapor deposition precision of the pixel electrode is high.
  • the invention is such that the organic light-emitting material layer of one color correspondingly covers two pixel electrodes in the case where the evaporation precision of the organic light-emitting material layer is constant, and therefore, the area of the pixel electrode can be reduced, that is, one can be reduced. A sub-pixel area for high-resolution display panels.
  • the pixel unit includes at least a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel, the first sub-pixel includes a first electrode, the second sub-pixel includes a second electrode, and the third sub-pixel includes a third electrode.
  • the organic light-emitting material layer of the first color covers the adjacent first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode of the pixel unit, and the organic light-emitting material layer of the second color covers the adjacent second pixel electrode and the third pixel electrode of the pixel unit.
  • the upper surface of the first pixel electrode is covered only with the organic light-emitting material layer of the first color
  • the upper surface of the third pixel electrode is only covered with the organic light-emitting material layer of the second color
  • the upper surface of the second pixel electrode is covered with the first color a layer of organic luminescent material and a layer of organic luminescent material of a second color.
  • the color displayed by the second sub-pixel is the color of the first color and the second color mixed. For example, if the first color is red and the second color is green, the color displayed by the second sub-pixel is a red and green superimposed color, that is, may be yellow.
  • the organic light-emitting material layer of the first color and the organic light-emitting material layer of the second color both cover two adjacent pixel electrodes, the organic light-emitting material layer of the first color and the organic light-emitting material layer of the second color pass through the FMM When the evaporation process is deposited, the organic light-emitting material layer covers two pixel electrodes, and the area of the hollow region on the mask plate is large. Therefore, the area of the pixel electrode can be reduced, that is, the area of one sub-pixel can be reduced. Resolution display panel.
  • the array substrate comprises three organic light emitting material layers formed on the pixel electrode and displaying different colors, wherein the pixel unit further includes a fourth sub-pixel, the fourth sub-pixel includes a fourth pixel electrode, and the third color organic light emitting The material layer covers the fourth pixel electrode, or the third color organic light material layer covers the adjacent third of the pixel unit a pixel electrode and a fourth pixel electrode.
  • the organic light emitting material layer of three different colors is formed on the pixel electrode, and the pixel unit includes the fourth pixel electrode, and the display device can display at least four different colors, which can make the display effect of the display device more abundant.
  • the fourth organic light emitting material covers the fourth pixel electrode as an example.
  • the array substrate includes an organic light emitting material layer formed on the pixel electrode 13 to display three colors of red, green, and blue.
  • the pixel unit 10 further includes a blue sub-pixel, and the blue sub-pixel includes The fourth pixel electrode 134, the red organic light-emitting material layer covers the adjacent first pixel electrode 131 and the second pixel electrode 132 in the pixel unit 10, and the green organic light-emitting material layer covers the adjacent second pixel electrode in the pixel unit 10 132 and the third pixel electrode 133, the blue organic light emitting material layer covers the fourth pixel electrode 134 in the pixel unit 10.
  • the red organic light-emitting material layer 141 covers the adjacent first pixel electrode 131 and the second pixel electrode 132 in the pixel unit 10, that is, the red organic light-emitting material layer 141 is the organic light of the first color.
  • the material layer; the green organic light-emitting material layer 142 covers the adjacent second pixel electrode 132 and the third pixel electrode 133 in the pixel unit 10, that is, the green organic light-emitting material layer 142 is a second color organic light-emitting material layer.
  • the blue organic light-emitting material layer 143 is a third color organic light-emitting material layer.
  • the red organic light-emitting material layer 141 covers the adjacent first pixel electrode 131 and the second pixel electrode 132 in the pixel unit 10, and the green organic light-emitting material layer 142 covers the adjacent second pixel electrode 132 and the third pixel electrode in the pixel unit 10. 133.
  • the blue organic light emitting material layer covers the fourth pixel electrode 134 in the pixel unit 10. That is, the upper surface of the first pixel electrode 131 is only covered with the red organic light-emitting material layer 141, and the first sub-pixel is a red sub-pixel; the upper surface of the third pixel electrode 133 is covered only with the green organic light-emitting material layer 142, and the third sub-pixel is green sub-pixel.
  • the fourth pixel electrode 134 is covered only with a blue organic light-emitting material layer 143, and the fourth sub-pixel is a blue sub-pixel; and the upper surface of the second pixel electrode 132 is covered with a red organic light-emitting material layer 141 and a green organic light-emitting material.
  • the color displayed by the second sub-pixel is a red and green superimposed color, that is, it may be yellow.
  • the array substrate includes only the organic light-emitting material layers of three colors of red, green, and blue, as shown in FIG. 5, the pixel unit 10 can display red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Yellow (Y) four colors, can achieve full color display, display device display effect is more abundant.
  • the organic light-emitting material layer of the above three colors may also be any other color. Color, then after mixing, the pixel unit can display other colors.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are described by taking only the above three colors as an example.
  • the organic light-emitting material layer of the first color may be a yellow organic light-emitting material layer
  • the organic light-emitting material layer of the second color may be a blue organic light-emitting material layer
  • the second sub-pixel displays a color of yellow and blue mixed colors. , that is, it can be green.
  • the organic light-emitting material layer of the fourth color may be red
  • the array substrate includes layers of organic light-emitting materials of three colors of red, yellow, and blue
  • the display unit may display four colors of red, green, yellow, and blue, that is, Full color display is possible.
  • the third pixel electrode may be an organic light emitting material layer covering the second color and the organic light emitting material layer of the third color, and the color displayed by the third pixel subpixel is the color after the second color and the third color are superimposed. .
  • the display device can display five different colors through three layers of organic light-emitting materials, and the display device is more abundant in display effect.
  • the area of the fourth pixel electrode 134 is larger than the area of the other pixel electrodes. Since the attenuation rate of the blue organic light-emitting material layer is greater than that of the red and green organic light-emitting material layers, increasing the area of the blue organic light-emitting material layer can make the attenuation of the three colors of red, green, and blue in the pixel unit consistent, avoiding color. distortion.
  • each sub-pixel in the pixel unit is not specifically limited.
  • the pixel unit may also be as shown in FIG. 6 , the pixel unit includes four sub-pixels as an example, and the four sub-pixels respectively display red (R), green (G), blue (B), and yellow (Y). Color, where the blue subpixel is located on a different line than the subpixel of the other color.
  • the yellow sub-pixel in FIG. 6 may be a red organic light-emitting material layer and a green organic light-emitting material layer simultaneously covering the pixel electrode included therein.
  • the pixel electrode is an anode or a cathode.
  • the array substrate further includes: a cathode formed on the organic luminescent material layer.
  • a hole injecting functional layer and a hole transporting functional layer are formed between the pixel electrode and the organic light emitting material layer, wherein the hole injecting functional layer is adjacent to the pixel electrode, and the hole transporting functional layer is adjacent to the organic light emitting material layer.
  • an electron injecting functional layer and an electron transporting functional layer formed on the organic light emitting material layer, wherein the electron transporting functional layer is adjacent to the organic light emitting material layer, and the electron injecting functional layer is adjacent to the cathode.
  • the array substrate further includes: an anode formed on the organic luminescent material layer.
  • An electron injecting functional layer and an electron transporting functional layer are formed between the pixel electrode and the organic light emitting material layer, wherein the electron injecting functional layer is adjacent to the pixel electrode, and the electron transporting functional layer is adjacent to the organic light emitting material layer.
  • a hole injecting functional layer and a hole transporting functional layer formed on the organic light emitting material layer, wherein the hole transporting functional layer is adjacent to the organic light emitting material layer, and the hole injecting functional layer is adjacent to the anode.
  • the electron injection functional layer and the electron transport functional layer facilitate electron transport, and the hole injection functional layer and the hole transport functional layer facilitate hole transport, thereby improving the light-emitting efficiency of the organic light-emitting material layer.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a display device, including any of the OLED array substrates provided by the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for fabricating an OLED array substrate.
  • the array substrate includes a plurality of pixel units, and the pixel unit includes at least a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel.
  • Methods include:
  • Step 101 forming a TFT array and a pixel electrode on the substrate.
  • the pixel unit includes at least a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel, the first sub-pixel includes a first pixel electrode, the second sub-pixel includes a second pixel electrode, and the third sub-pixel includes a third pixel electrode.
  • Step 102 forming a layer of the machine luminescent material of the first color.
  • the machine light-emitting material layer of the first color covers adjacent first pixel electrodes and second pixel electrodes in the pixel unit.
  • Step 103 forming a layer of organic light-emitting material of a second color.
  • the second organic light emitting material layer covers adjacent second pixel electrodes and third pixel electrodes in the pixel unit.
  • the pixel unit further includes a fourth sub-pixel, and the fourth sub-pixel includes a fourth pixel electrode; as shown in FIG. 9, the manufacturing method further includes:
  • Step 104 Form a third color organic light emitting material layer, wherein the third color organic light emitting material layer covers the fourth pixel electrode.
  • the step 102 is specifically: forming a red luminescent material layer; the step 103 is specifically: forming a green organic luminescent material layer; the step 104 is specifically: forming a blue organic luminescent material layer, the formed pixel unit may be It is shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.
  • the OLED array substrate further includes other thin film or layer structures.
  • the embodiments of the present invention only exemplify the manufacturing method of the film or layer structure related to the invention of the present invention.
  • Other thin film or layer structures can refer to the existing manufacturing method. The embodiments of the invention are not described in detail.
  • the method further comprises: sequentially forming a hole injection functional layer and hole transport on the pixel electrode Functional layer. And an electron transport functional layer and an electron injection functional layer are sequentially formed on the organic light emitting material layer. A cathode is then formed over the layer of organic luminescent material.
  • the method further includes sequentially forming an electron injection functional layer and an electron transport functional layer on the pixel electrode. And, a hole transporting functional layer and a hole injecting functional layer are sequentially formed on the organic light emitting material layer. Finally, an anode is formed over the layer of organic luminescent material.

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Abstract

一种OLED阵列基板及其制作方法、显示装置，涉及显示技术领域，解决了采用金属掩膜板蒸镀不同基色的有机发光材料不能实现高分辨率显示的问题。一种OLED阵列基板，包括多个像素单元，像素单元至少包括第一亚像素、第二亚像素和第三亚像素，还包括：衬底基板(11)、形成在衬底基板(11)上的TFT阵列(12)以及像素电极(13)以及形成在像素电极(13)上至少两种显示不同颜色的有机发光材料层，其中，第一亚像素包括第一像素电极(131)、第二亚像素包括第二像素电极(132)和第三亚像素包括第三像素电极(133)，第一颜色的有机发光材料层(141)覆盖像素单元中相邻的第一像素电极(131)和第二像素电极(132)，第二颜色的有机发光材料层(142)覆盖像素单元中相邻的第二像素电极(132)和第三像素电极(133)。

Description

一种有机发光二极管阵列基板及其制作方法、显示装置 技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种OLED阵列基板及其制作方法、显示装置。
背景技术
OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，有机发光二极管)显示器已经广泛应用于显示技术领域。OLED显示器的基本结构包括阳极、发光层和阴极，其中，发光层采用有机电致发光材料形成。
OLED实现彩色显示一般通过两种方式实现：一种是采用白光有机发光材料结合彩色滤光片实现彩色显示。由于部分光被彩色滤光片吸收，这种方法实现彩色显示降低了显示亮度。
另一种是采用高精细金属掩模板(FMM)蒸镀不同基色的有机发光材料形成各像素。而金属掩膜板蒸镀形成的像素的面积与显示分辨率有关，分辨率越高，像素的密度越大，像素的面积就越小。以5英寸全高清画面(FHD，Full High Definition)的显示屏为例，显示分辨率为1080x 1920，则基板上的像素密度约为440PPI，以包括红、绿、蓝三种颜色的亚像素来说，每个亚像素约为19.22um x 57.65um。
而通常考虑到蓝色发光效率低的因素，一个像素中会增大蓝色亚像素面积，减小红、绿亚像素面积。则受限于FMM蒸镀工艺的限制，在蓝色子像素的面积大于红色和绿色子像素的面积情况下，通过FMM工艺进一步减小红色和绿色亚像素面积的加工难度极大，成本也非常高，则通过FMM蒸镀工艺减小亚像素的面积，提高显示分辨率几乎是不可能。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供一种OLED阵列基板及其制作方法、显示装置，解决了采用金属掩膜板蒸镀不同基色的有机发光材料实现彩色显示带来的显示装置分辨率低的问题。
为达到上述目的，本发明的实施例采用如下技术方案：
一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种OLED阵列基板，包括多个像素单元，所述像素单元至少包括第一亚像素、第二亚像素和第三 亚像素，还包括：衬底基板、形成在所述衬底基板上的像素电极以及形成在所述像素电极上至少两种显示不同颜色的有机发光材料层，其中，所述第一亚像素包括第一像素电极、第二亚像素包括第二像素电极和第三亚像素包括第三像素电极，第一颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖所述像素单元中相邻的第一像素电极和第二像素电极，第二颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖所述像素单元中相邻的第二像素电极和第三像素电极。
另一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种OLED阵列基板的制作方法，所述阵列基板包括多个像素单元，所述像素单元至少包括第一亚像素、第二亚像素和第三亚像素，所述制作方法包括：
在衬底上形成像素电极，其中，所述第一亚像素包括第一像素电极、第二亚像素包括第二像素电极和第三亚像素包括第三像素电极；
形成第一颜色的机发光材料层，其中，所述第一颜色的机发光材料层覆盖所述像素单元中相邻的第一像素电极和第二像素电极；
形成第二有机发光材料层，其中，所述第二有机发光材料层覆盖所述像素单元中相邻的第二像素电极和第三像素电极。
再一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种显示装置，包括本发明实施例提供的任一所述的OLED阵列基板。
本发明的实施例提供一种OLED阵列基板及其制作方法、显示装置，其中，阵列基板包括多个像素单元，像素单元至少包括第一亚像素、第二亚像素和第三亚像素，第一亚像素包括第一电极、第二亚像素包括第二电极、第三亚像素包括第三电极，第一颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖像素单元中相邻的第一像素电极和第二像素电极，第二颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖像素单元中相邻的第二像素电极和第三像素电极。即第一像素电极的上面仅覆盖有第一颜色的有机发光材料层，第三像素电极的上面仅覆盖有第二颜色的有机发光材料层，而第二像素电极的上面覆盖有第一颜色的有机发光材料层和第二颜色的有机发光材料层。则第二亚像素显示的颜色为第一颜色和第二颜色混合后的颜色。由于第一颜色的有机发光材料层和第二颜色的有机发光材料层均覆盖了两个相邻的像素电极，则第一颜色的有机发光材料层和第二颜色的有机发光材料层在通过FMM蒸 镀工艺沉积时，有机发光材料层对应覆盖两个像素电极，掩膜板上的镂空区域面积较大，因此，可以通过减小像素电极的面积，即减小一个亚像素的面积，制作高分辨率的显示面板。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有的一种像素单元示意图；
图2为图1所示像素单元的A-A′向示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种像素单元示意图；
图4为图3所示像素单元的A-A′向示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的另一种像素单元示意图；
图6为图5所示像素单元的A-A′向示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的另一种像素单元示意图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的一种OLED阵列基板制作方法示意图；
图9为本发明实施例提供的另一种OLED阵列基板制作方法示意图。
附图标记：
10-像素单元；11-玻璃基板；12-TFT阵列；13-像素电极；131-第一像素电极；132-第二像素电极；133-第三像素电极；134-第四像素电极；14-有机发光材料层；141-红色有机发光材料层；142-绿色有机发光材料层；143-蓝色有机发光材料层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
为了更容易的理解本发明实施例提供的技术方案，首选结合附图说明现有的OLED阵列基板的结构。
具体的，如图1、图2所示，以像素单元包括四个亚像素为例，四个亚像素分别显示红(R)、绿(G)、蓝(B)、黄(Y)四种颜色。如图2所示，OLED阵列基板包括：玻璃基板11以及形成在玻璃基板11上的TFT阵列12和像素电极13。红色有机发光材料层141覆盖第一像素电极131进而形成红色亚像素、黄色有机发光材料层142覆盖第二像素电极132进而形成黄色亚像素、绿色有机发光材料层143覆盖第三像素电极133进而形成绿色亚像素、蓝色有机发光材料层144覆盖第一像素电极134进而形成蓝色亚像素。即现有技术中，一种颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖像素单元中的一个像素电极，进而形成一个亚像素。但由于采用FMM蒸镀形成有机发光材料层时，有机发光材料层的蒸镀精度低，导致一个亚像素的面积较大，显示面板的分辨率较低。
本发明实施例提供了一种OLED阵列基板，包括多个像素单元，像素单元至少包括第一亚像素、第二亚像素和第三亚像素，如图3、图4所示，包括：衬底基板11、形成在衬底基板11上的TFT阵列12以及像素电极13、形成在像素电极13上至少两种显示不同颜色的有机发光材料层14，其中，第一亚像素(红色R亚像素)包括第一像素电极131、第二亚像素包括(黄色Y亚像素)第二像素电极132、第三亚像素(绿色G亚像素)包括第三像素电极133，第一颜色的有机发光材料层(红色有机发光材料层141)覆盖像素单元10中相邻的第一像素电极131和第二像素电极132，第二颜色的有机发光材料层(绿色有机发光材料层142)覆盖像素单元10中相邻的第二像素电极132和第三像素电极133。
图1、图2中以第一颜色的有机发光材料层为红色有机发光材料层141，第二颜色的有机发光材料层为绿色有机发光材料层142为例，则第三像素电极133上同时覆盖有红色有机发光材料层141和绿色有机发光材料层142，则第三亚像素可以显示红色和绿色混合之后的颜色，即可以为黄色。且参照图3所示，虽然像素单元10可以显示红(R)、绿(G)、黄(Y)三种不同的颜色，但参照图4所示，有机发光材料层14仅包括红色有机发光材料层141和绿色 有机发光材料层142两种，红色有机发光材料层141和绿色有机发光材料层142分别覆盖两个相邻的像素电极，即在有机发光材料层的蒸镀精度与现有技术相同的情况下，红色有机发光材料层和绿色有机发光材料层的蒸镀面积差不多等于两个像素电极的面积。而现有技术中有机发光材料层一般采用FMM蒸镀的方式形成，因此有机发光材料层的蒸镀精度不高，导致一个亚像素的面积较大，显示面板的分辨率较低。而像素电极采用掩膜板曝光的方式形成，因此像素电极的蒸镀精度高。本发明正是在有机发光材料层的蒸镀精度不变的情况下，使得一种颜色的有机发光材料层对应覆盖两个像素电极，因此，可以通过减小像素电极的面积，即减小一个亚像素的面积，制作高分辨率的显示面板。
本发明实施例中，像素单元至少包括第一亚像素、第二亚像素和第三亚像素，第一亚像素包括第一电极、第二亚像素包括第二电极、第三亚像素包括第三电极，第一颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖像素单元中相邻的第一像素电极和第二像素电极，第二颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖像素单元中相邻的第二像素电极和第三像素电极。即第一像素电极的上面仅覆盖有第一颜色的有机发光材料层，第三像素电极的上面仅覆盖有第二颜色的有机发光材料层，而第二像素电极的上面覆盖有第一颜色的有机发光材料层和第二颜色的有机发光材料层。则第二亚像素显示的颜色为第一颜色和第二颜色混合后的颜色。例如，若第一颜色为红色，第二颜色为绿色，则第二亚像素显示的颜色为红色和绿色叠加后的颜色，即可以为黄色。
由于第一颜色的有机发光材料层和第二颜色的有机发光材料层均覆盖了两个相邻的像素电极，则第一颜色的有机发光材料层和第二颜色的有机发光材料层在通过FMM蒸镀工艺沉积时，有机发光材料层对应覆盖两个像素电极，掩膜板上的镂空区域面积较大，因此，可以通过减小像素电极的面积，即减小一个亚像素的面积，制作高分辨率的显示面板。
可选的，阵列基板包括形成在像素电极上三种显示不同颜色的有机发光材料层，其中，像素单元还包括第四亚像素，第四亚像素包括第四像素电极，第三颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖第四像素电极，或者，第三颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖像素单元中相邻的第三 像素电极和第四像素电极。像素电极上形成有三种不同颜色的有机发光材料层，且像素单元包括第四像素电极，则显示装置至少可以显示四种不同颜色，可以使得显示装置的显示效果更加的丰富。
具体的，以第三有机发光材料覆盖第四像素电极为例。如图5、图6所示，阵列基板包括形成在像素电极13上显示红、绿、蓝三种颜色的有机发光材料层，其中，像素单元10还包括蓝色亚像素，蓝色亚像素包括第四像素电极134，红色有机发光材料层覆盖像素单元10中的相邻的第一像素电极131和第二像素电极132，绿色有机发光材料层覆盖像素单元10中的相邻的第二像素电极132和第三像素电极133，蓝色有机发光材料层覆盖像素单元10中的第四像素电极134。
如图5、图6所示，红色有机发光材料层141覆盖像素单元10中的相邻的第一像素电极131和第二像素电极132，即红色有机发光材料层141为第一颜色的有机发光材料层；绿色有机发光材料层142覆盖像素单元10中的相邻的第二像素电极132和第三像素电极133，即绿色有机发光材料层142为第二颜色的有机发光材料层。蓝色有机发光材料层143为第三颜色的有机发光材料层。
红色有机发光材料层141覆盖像素单元10中相邻的第一像素电极131和第二像素电极132，绿色有机发光材料层142覆盖像素单元10中相邻的第二像素电极132和第三像素电极133，蓝色有机发光材料层覆盖像素单元10中的第四像素电极134。即第一像素电极131的上面仅覆盖有红色有机发光材料层141，第一亚像素为红色亚像素；第三像素电极133的上面仅覆盖有绿色有机发光材料层142，第三亚像素为绿色亚像素；第四像素电极134上仅覆盖有蓝色有机发光材料层143，第四亚像素为蓝色亚像素；而第二像素电极132的上面覆盖有红色有机发光材料层141和绿色有机发光材料层142，则第二亚像素显示的颜色为红色和绿色叠加后的颜色，即可以为黄色。此时，虽然阵列基板仅包括了红、绿、蓝三种颜色的有机发光材料层，但如图5所示，像素单元10可以显示红(R)、绿(G)、蓝(B)、黄(Y)四种颜色，可以实现全彩显示，显示装置的显示效果更加丰富。
当然，上述三种颜色的有机发光材料层还可以是其他的任一颜 色，则其混合之后，像素单元可以显示其他颜色。本发明实施例仅以上述三种颜色为例进行说明。
例如第一颜色的有机发光材料层可以是黄色有机发光材料层，第二颜色的有机发光材料层可以是蓝色有机发光材料层，第二亚像素显示的颜色为黄色和蓝色混合之后的颜色，即可以是绿色。此时，第四颜色的有机发光材料层可以是红色，则阵列基板包括红、黄、蓝三种颜色的有机发光材料层，而显示单元可以显示红、绿、黄、蓝四种颜色，即可以实现全彩显示。
若第三颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖像素单元中相邻的第三像素电极和第四像素电极。则第三像素电极上可以是同时覆盖有第二颜色的有机发光材料层和第三颜色的有机发光材料层，则第三像素亚像素显示的颜色为第二颜色和第三颜色叠加之后的颜色。显示装置通过三种颜色的有机发光材料层可以显示五种不同的颜色，显示装置的显示效果更加丰富。
优选的，如图5、图6所示，像素单元10中，第四像素电极134的面积大于其他像素电极的面积。由于蓝色有机发光材料层的衰减速率大于红色和绿色有机发光材料层，因此，增大蓝色有机发光材料层的面积，可以使得像素单元中，红绿蓝三种颜色的衰减一致，避免颜色失真。
需要说明的是，本发明对像素单元中各亚像素的排布方式不作具体限定。例如，像素单元还可以是如图6所示，像素单元包括四个亚像素为例，四个亚像素分别显示红(R)、绿(G)、蓝(B)、黄(Y)四种颜色，其中，蓝色亚像素与其他颜色的亚像素位于不同行。其中，图6中的黄色亚像素，可以是红色有机发光材料层和绿色有机发光材料层同时覆盖其包括的像素电极。
可选的，像素电极为阳极或阴极。
且在像素电极为阳极的情况下，阵列基板还包括：形成在有机发光材料层上面的阴极。形成在像素电极和有机发光材料层之间的空穴注入功能层和空穴传输功能层，其中，空穴注入功能层靠近像素电极，则空穴传输功能层靠近有机发光材料层。以及，形成在有机发光材料层上面的电子注入功能层和电子传输功能层，其中，电子传输功能层靠近有机发光材料层，则电子注入功能层靠近阴极。
或者，可选的，在像素电极为阴极的情况下，阵列基板还包括：形成在有机发光材料层上面的阳极。形成在像素电极和有机发光材料层之间的电子注入功能层和电子传输功能层，其中，电子注入功能层靠近像素电极，则电子传输功能层靠近有机发光材料层。以及，形成在有机发光材料层上面的空穴注入功能层和空穴传输功能层，其中，空穴传输功能层靠近有机发光材料层，则空穴注入功能层靠近阳极。
上述电子注入功能层和电子传输功能层有利于电子的传输，空穴注入功能层和空穴传输功能层则有利于空穴的传输，进而提高有机发光材料层的发光效率。
本发明实施例提供了一种显示装置，包括本发明实施例提供的任一所述的OLED阵列基板。
本发明实施例提供了一种OLED阵列基板的制作方法，阵列基板包括多个像素单元，像素单元至少包括第一亚像素、第二亚像素和第三亚像素，如图8所示，所述制作方法包括：
步骤101、在衬底上形成TFT阵列以及像素电极。
其中，像素单元至少包括第一亚像素、第二亚像素和第三亚像素，第一亚像素包括第一像素电极、第二亚像素包括第二像素电极和第三亚像素包括第三像素电极。
步骤102、形成第一颜色的机发光材料层。其中，第一颜色的机发光材料层覆盖像素单元中相邻的第一像素电极和第二像素电极。
步骤103、形成第二颜色的有机发光材料层。其中，第二有机发光材料层覆盖像素单元中相邻的第二像素电极和第三像素电极。
可选的，像素单元还包括第四亚像素，第四亚像素包括第四像素电极；如图9所示，制作方法还包括：
步骤104、形成第三颜色的有机发光材料层，其中，所述第三颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖所述第四像素电极。
可选的，上述步骤102具体为：形成红色机发光材料层；上述步骤103具体为：形成绿色有机发光材料层；上述步骤104具体为：形成蓝色有机发光材料层，则形成的像素单元可以是如图5、图6所示。
需要说明的是，上述步骤102-步骤104的先后顺序本发明实施例不作具体限定，本发明实施例及附图仅以其中一种为例进行说明。且OLED阵列基板上还包括其他的薄膜或层结构，本发明实施例仅列举与本发明的发明点相关的薄膜或层结构的制作方法，其他的薄膜或层结构可以参照现有制作方法，本发明实施例不作赘述。
进一步的，在像素电极为阳极的情况下，在像素电极上采用掩模板蒸镀覆盖像素单元中有机发光材料层之前，方法还包括：在像素电极上依次形成空穴注入功能层和空穴传输功能层。以及在有机发光材料层上面依次形成电子传输功能层和电子注入功能层。再在有机发光材料层上面形成阴极。
或者，在像素电极为阴极的情况下，在像素电极上采用掩模板蒸镀覆盖像素单元中有机发光材料层之前，方法还包括：像素电极上依次形成电子注入功能层和电子传输功能层。以及，在有机发光材料层上面依次形成空穴传输功能层和空穴注入功能层。最后，在有机发光材料层上面形成阳极。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种有机发光二极管阵列基板，包括多个像素单元，所述像素单元至少包括第一亚像素、第二亚像素和第三亚像素，其特征在于，所述阵列基板还包括：衬底基板、形成在所述衬底基板上的像素电极、形成在所述像素电极上至少两种显示不同颜色的有机发光材料层，其中，所述第一亚像素包括第一像素电极、所述第二亚像素包括第二像素电极、所述第三亚像素包括第三像素电极，第一颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖所述像素单元中相邻的第一像素电极和第二像素电极，第二颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖所述像素单元中相邻的第二像素电极和第三像素电极。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的阵列基板，其特征在于，所述阵列基板包括形成在所述像素电极上三种显示不同颜色的有机发光材料层，其中，所述像素单元还包括第四亚像素，所述第四亚像素包括第四像素电极，第三颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖所述第四像素电极，或者，第三颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖所述像素单元中相邻的第三像素电极和第四像素电极。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的阵列基板，其特征在于，在第三颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖所述第四像素电极的情况下，所述第一颜色的有机发光材料层为红色有机发光材料层，所述第二颜色的有机发光材料层为绿色有机发光材料层，所述第三颜色的有机发光材料层为蓝色有机发光材料层。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的阵列基板，其特征在于，所述第四像素电极的面积大于其他像素电极的面积。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的阵列基板，其特征在于，所述像素电极为阳极或阴极。
  6. 一种有机发光二极管阵列基板的制作方法，所述阵列基板包括多个像素单元，所述像素单元至少包括第一亚像素、第二亚像素和第三亚像素，其特征在于，所述制作方法包括：
    在衬底上形成像素电极，其中，所述第一亚像素包括第一像素电极、第二亚像素包括第二像素电极和第三亚像素包括第三像素电极；
    形成第一颜色的机发光材料层，其中，所述第一颜色的机发光材料层覆盖相邻的第一像素电极和第二像素电极；
    形成第二有机发光材料层，其中，所述第二有机发光材料层覆盖相邻的第二像素电极和第三像素电极。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述像素单元还包括第四亚像素，所述第四亚像素包括第四像素电极；所述方法还包括：
    形成第三颜色的有机发光材料层，其中，所述第三颜色的有机发光材料层覆盖所述第四像素电极。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制作方法，其特征在于，
    所述形成第一颜色的机发光材料层具体包括：形成红色机发光材料层；
    所述形成第二有机发光材料层具体包括：形成绿色有机发光材料层；
    所述形成第三颜色的有机发光材料层具体包括：形成蓝色有机发光材料层。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述第四像素电极的面积大于其他像素电极的面积。
  10. 一种显示装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-5任一项所述的有机发光二极管阵列基板和/或权利要求6-9任一项所述的有机发光二极管阵列基板的制作方法制作的有机发光二极管阵列基板。
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