WO2016125183A2 - Cellule braille et ensemble pour affichage braille multiligne - Google Patents

Cellule braille et ensemble pour affichage braille multiligne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016125183A2
WO2016125183A2 PCT/IN2016/000037 IN2016000037W WO2016125183A2 WO 2016125183 A2 WO2016125183 A2 WO 2016125183A2 IN 2016000037 W IN2016000037 W IN 2016000037W WO 2016125183 A2 WO2016125183 A2 WO 2016125183A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
braille
assembly
electro
permanent magnet
cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2016/000037
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2016125183A3 (fr
Inventor
Shah Shyam
Original Assignee
Shah Shyam
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shah Shyam filed Critical Shah Shyam
Publication of WO2016125183A2 publication Critical patent/WO2016125183A2/fr
Publication of WO2016125183A3 publication Critical patent/WO2016125183A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B21/00—Teaching, or communicating with, the blind, deaf or mute
    • G09B21/001—Teaching or communicating with blind persons
    • G09B21/003—Teaching or communicating with blind persons using tactile presentation of the information, e.g. Braille displays
    • G09B21/004—Details of particular tactile cells, e.g. electro-mechanical or mechanical layout

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of electronics and electrical engineering.
  • this invention relates to Braille based reading devices.
  • this invention relates to a Braille cell and assembly for multi-line Braille display.
  • Blindness is the condition of poor visual perception. Blindness causes severe impairment in daily or normal life and routine. As of 2012 there were 285 million visually impaired people in the world, of which 246 million had low vision and 39 million were blind.
  • Braille is a tactile writing system used by the blind and the visually impaired. It is traditionally written with embossed paper. Braille-users can read computer screens and other electronic supports thanks to refreshable Braille displays.
  • Braille displays are commonly known as "Refreshable Braille display" which have several pins moving up and down emulating the b Braille dots.
  • the cost of these devices range from Rs. 1.2,000,000 to Rs. 3.4,000,000 which is extremely high for the utility provided by such devices. This high cost limits its use in low-income settings where there is a relatively higher concentration of blind population.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a Braille cell.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a Braille cell which allows for multiline displays.
  • a Braille cell and assembly for multiline Braille display said cell and assembly comprises:
  • linear actuator assembly configured to provide actuation of a dot in a Braille cell in a refreshable Braille reader display, characterised in that, said linear actuator assembly further comprises:
  • At least an elongate rod configured to hold at least an electro-permanent magnet, said at least an elongate rod further configured to comprise at least a tactile pin at its operative longitudinal end, in line with said at least an electro- permanent magnet;
  • At least a metal plate configured to enable movement of said at least an associated elongate rod upon magnetic actuation of said electro-permanent magnet
  • said at least a tactile pin characterised to work in response to magnetic field of a corresponding said at least an electro-permanent magnet such that when a first electric pulse in a first direction is passed through said at least an electro- permanent magnet, it leaks all its flux and is attracted towards said at least a metal plate, causing magnetic attraction, which attraction translating into reduction in distance between said at least an electro-permanent magnet and said at least a metal plate due to relative motion between them, and consequently of said at least a tactile pin in order to allow engagement of said at least a tactile pin with at least a Braille dot located advantageously in a spaced apart manner from said at least a tactile pin head, and further when a second electric pulse in a second direction, opposite to said first direction, is passed through said at least an electro-permanent magnet, it stops leakage of flux, thereby removing attraction and causing said at least
  • said at least a metal plate is fixed at a location interposed between said at least a tactile pin and said at least an electro-permanent magnet. In at least one embodiment, said at least an electro-permanent magnet is fixed at a location interposed between said at least a tactile pin and said at least a metal plate.
  • said tactile pin is a Braille pin head.
  • said cell and assembly comprises at least a resilient element advantageously located in order to pull said at least an electro-permanent magnet to its ground state, effectively.
  • said cell and assembly comprises at least at least a resilient element per each of said at least an elongate rod, in line and co-axially aligned with said at least a corresponding elongate rod.
  • said cell and assembly comprises at least at least a resilient element per each of said at least an elongate rod, in line and co-axially aligned with said at least a corresponding elongate rod, characterised, in that, said resilient element being configured to form a connection of said at least an elongate rod with a base.
  • said at least a metal plate is spaced apart from said at least an electro-permanent magnet, along said at least an elongate rod, said spaced apart distance being a pre-calculated distance configured in relation with distance between said tactile pin head and corresponding Braille dot.
  • said at least a tactile pin is an extension of said elongate rod, and wherein, said at least an electro-permanent magnet is connected with said at least a tactile pin.
  • said at least a Braille dot is embossed in accordance with a line that is to be converted to Braille language and that is to be read.
  • said cell and assembly comprises a pre-defined mesh framework communicably coupled with said at least an electro-permanent magnet, said mesh framework being made with half H-bridges.
  • said cell and assembly comprising a pre-defined mesh framework communicably coupled with said at least an electro-permanent magnet, characterised in that, said mesh framework comprises an array of rows and columns, wherein:
  • each row comprising a P-channel MOSFET on one end and an N-channel MOSFET on its other end;
  • each column comprising a P-channel MOSFET on one end and an N- channel MOSFET on its other end;
  • each junction of a row and column comprising said at least an electro- permanent magnet
  • diodes being provided on either side of said at least an electro-permanent magnet, at each of said junctions, such that current flows in one pre-defined direction, said diodes being activated by corresponding switches.
  • a Braille cell and assembly for multiline Braille display characterised to form at least a 2-dot assembly, wherein, said cell, assembly, and display comprises:
  • each of said two adjacently located linear actuator assemblies further comprising:
  • At least an elongate rod configured to comprise a bracket for holding at least an electro-permanent magnet, said at least an elongate rod further configured to comprise at least a tactile pin at its operative longitudinal end, in line with said at least an electro-permanent magnet;
  • At least a metal plate configured to enable movement of said at least an associated elongate rod upon magnetic actuation of said electro-permanent magnet
  • said at least a tactile pin characterised to work in response to magnetic field of a corresponding said at least an electro-permanent magnet such that when a first electric pulse in a first direction is passed through said at least an electro- permanent magnet, it leaks all its flux and is attracted towards said at least a fixed metal plate, causing magnetic attraction, which attraction translating into reduction in distance between said at least an electro-permanent magnet and said at least a metal plate due to relative motion between them, and consequently of said at least a tactile pin in order to allow engagement of said at least a tactile pin with at least a Braille dot located advantageously in a spaced apart manner from said at least a tactile pin head, and further when a second electric pulse in a second direction, opposite to said first direction, is passed through said at least an electro-permanent magnet, it stops leakage of flux, thereby removing attraction and causing said at
  • said at least a metal plate is fixed at a location interposed between said at least a tactile pin and said at least an electro-permanent magnet.
  • said at least an electro-permanent magnet is fixed at a location interposed between said at least a tactile pin and said at least a metal plate.
  • 4 such assemblies form a Braille cell.
  • At least a first frame is located operatively above at least a second frame, said at least a first frame configured to house at least a first electro-permanent magnet and said at least a second frame configured to house at least a second electro-permanent magnet.
  • each of said tactile pins, and its location is adjusted corresponding to its position in a Braille cell, and below a Braille dot, in an advantageous manner.
  • each of said elongate rods is restricted in corresponding frames and by an operative bottom plate to make sure that they move only along an operative longitudinal axis.
  • each of said elongate rods is in contact with each of said elongate rods and at least a frame at only 2 points; at its operative top and at its operative bottom in order to ensure that there is minimal contact between a moving part and a stationary part, thereby reducing friction.
  • said electro-permanent magnets are arranged in a manner such that when, all electro-permanent magnets surrounding an active electro-permanent magnet are in a state of repulsion.
  • said electro-permanent magnets are arranged in a manner such that when, all poles adjacent each other have same polarity.
  • said cell and assembly comprises at least a resilient element advantageously located in order to pull said at least an electro-permanent magnet to its ground state, effectively.
  • said cell and assembly comprises at least at least a resilient element per each of said at least an elongate rod, in line and co-axially aligned with said at least a corresponding elongate rod.
  • said cell and assembly comprises at least at least a resilient element per each of said at least an elongate rod, in line and co-axially aligned with said at least a corresponding elongate rod, characterised, in that, said resilient element being configured to form a connection of said at least an elongate rod with a base.
  • At least a first bracket is located operatively above at least a second bracket, said at least a first bracket configured to house at least a first electro- permanent magnet and said at least a second bracket configured to house at least a second electro-permanent magnet.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an assembly drawing of a piezoelectric Braille cell of the prior art
  • Figure 2 relates to mechanical principle of operation of electro-permanent magnets (EPMs).
  • Figure 4 illustrates a first embodiment of the linear actuator assembly
  • Figure 5 illustrates a 2-level system of actuators or pins, according to a first embodiment
  • Figure 6 illustrates a 2-dot assembly, with frames, , in accordance with a first embodiment
  • Figure 7 illustrates a representative manner in which electro-permanent magnets are arranged in a Braille cell in terms of magnetic properties
  • Figure 8 illustrates a second embodiment of the linear actuator assembly
  • Figure 9 illustrates a 2-level system of actuators or pins, according to a second embodiment
  • Figure 10 also illustrates this second embodiment of this linear actuator assembly of Figure 8, where the metal plate is fixed;
  • Figure 1 1 also illustrates this third embodiment of this linear actuator assembly
  • Figure 3 illustrates a mesh framework
  • Figure 1 illustrates an assembly drawing of a piezoelectric Braille cell of the prior art.
  • Reference numeral 2 refers to Braille dots on a cap 3.
  • Reference numeral 4 refers to a pin which is located on a base 6, which pins are activated by inputs from a PCB 7 in relation to a line that is to be displayed.
  • Reference numeral 8 refers to a piezoelectric bimorph which activates the pins 4.
  • a Braille cell and assembly for multiline Braille display there is provided a Braille cell and assembly for multiline Braille display.
  • a predefined mesh framework communicably coupled with magnets (typically, electro-permanent magnets - referenced by the numeral EPM.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the mesh framework.
  • electro-permanent magnets are used for actuation. They are a hybrid of electromagnets and permanent magnets. When coupled with a metal (or specifically, ferrous) plate they form a linear actuator. This actuator is used to move the tactile pins operatively upward and operatively downward. When several of these tactile pins are stacked together, there is a need to provide efficient routing and driving circuit.
  • Electro-permanent magnets are used for actuation. The mesh framework is used to electrically actuate the electro- permanent magnets (EPMs) and typically create a 10-fold reduction in number of driving elements.
  • a mesh like structure is made with half H-bridges.
  • EPMs electro-permanent magnets
  • the half H-bridges (illustrated by reference numeral H) of corresponding row and column is activated.
  • Each row is flanked by a P-channel MOSFET on one side and an N- channel MOSFET on its other side.
  • each column is flanked by a P- channel MOSFET on one side and an N- channel MOSFET on its other side.
  • Each junction of this array of rows and columns comprises an eletro-permanent magnet (EPM).
  • Diodes (D) are provided on either side of the EPM, at each junction, in the array such that current flows in one pre-defined route / direction. Between each diode (D) and an adjacently corresponding EPM, a switch (S) is provided.
  • an electro-permanent magnet consists of 2 magnets; a soft magnet, Alnico (referenced by NI SI) surrounded by a coil and a powerful hard magnet, Neodymium (referenced by N2S2). Both the magnets are sandwiched between (ferrous) metal plates.
  • EPMs electro-permanent magnet
  • the Alnico and Neodymium are magnetized in the same direction, the flux of both the magnets flows through the metal plates and out of the EPM.
  • the Alnico magnet goes through a hysteresis loop and magnetizes in the opposite direction.
  • the flux of Neodymium flows into the Alnico and no flux leaks out of the EPM.
  • An H bridge is an electronic circuit that enables a voltage to be applied across a load in either direction.
  • a linear actuator assembly with in order to provide actuation of a dot in a Braille cell as per requirement for use in a refreshable Braille reader display.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a first embodiment of the linear actuator assembly, of this invention.
  • an elongate rod (12) is provided with an operative proximal end and an operative distal end.
  • the operative distal end comprises a holding socket (14) or a bracket for holding the electro-permanent magnet ( 16).
  • the proximal operative end comprises a Braille pin head (11).
  • a fixed metal plate (18) Spaced apart from the electro-permanent magnet and above the electro-permanent magnet, along the elongate rod, a fixed metal plate (18) is provided.
  • the electro-permanent magnet is connected with a tactile pin (1 1 ) (which is an extension of elongate rod - 12). The spaced apart distance is a pre-calculated short distance.
  • a 2- level system of pins (1 1) atop elongate rods ( 12) created on order to incorporate all actuator elements within the dimensions of a Braille cell.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a 2-level system of actuators or pins (1 1), according to a first embodiment of this invention.
  • This arrangement of pins (1 1) is done in such a way that it ensures minimal interference with adjoining electro-permanent magnets (14).
  • a 2-dot assembly, with frames, is shown in Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings, in accordance with a first embodiment of this invention.
  • a first frame (22) is provided which is located operatively above a second frame (24).
  • the first frame (22) houses a first electro-permanent magnet (16a).
  • the second frame (24) houses a second electro-permanent magnet (16b).
  • the shape of pins ( 1 1), and its location, is adjusted corresponding to its position in the Braille cell, and below a Braille dot, in an advantageous manner.
  • the elongate rods (12) are restricted in corresponding frames (22, 24) and by an operative bottom plate to make sure that they move only along an operative longitudinal axis.
  • Contact between the rod and the frame is made at only 2 points; at its operative top and at its operative bottom in order to ensure that there is minimal contact between a moving part and a stationary part, thereby reducing friction.
  • Figure 7 illustrates a representative manner in which electro-permanent magnets are arranged in a Braille cell (100) in terms of magnetic properties.
  • two horizontally adjacent cells have their same poles adjacent each other. In at least one embodiment, two horizontally adjacent cells have their South poles adjacent each other.
  • two vertically adjacent cells have their same poles adjacent each other. In at least one embodiment, two vertically adjacent cells have their North poles adjacent each other and their South poles adjacent each other.
  • the electro-permanent magnets are arranged in such a way that when, in active state (flux flowing out), they are all in the state of repulsion, electro-permanent magnets show a peculiar quality when in the state of repulsion, in that, the flux, instead of repelling each other, tries to move through the metal poles of the electro-permanent magnet and diminishes the repulsion force to a certain extent. This enables assembly of such strong magnets in small spaces which would not have been possible otherwise.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a second embodiment of the linear actuator assembly, of this invention.
  • Figure 10 also illustrates this second embodiment of this linear actuator assembly of Figure 8, there the metal plate (18) is fixed.
  • an elongate rod (12) is provided with an operative proximal end and an operative distal end.
  • the operative distal end comprises a holding socket (14) or a bracket for holding the electro-permanent magnet (16).
  • the proximal operative end comprises a Braille pin head (11).
  • a fixed metal plate (18) Spaced apart from the electro-permanent magnet and above the electro-permanent magnet, along the elongate rod, a fixed metal plate (18) is provided.
  • the electro-permanent magnet is connected with a tactile pin (1 1) (which is an extension of elongate rod - 12). The spaced apart distance is a pre-calculated short distance.
  • a resilient element advantageously located such that in order to pull the electro-permanent magnet to its ground state, effectively, a combination of the resilient element and gravity is used. Gravity may be not be acting at all times, since the weight of electro- permanent magnet is relatively less; therefore, an additional resilient element is provided in order to push it down also to keep it in the ground position when not activated.
  • the resilient element (19) is in line and co-axially aligned with the elongate rod (12). In at least one embodiment, it is located such that it forms a connection of the elongate rod (12) with a base (21).
  • a 2-level system of pins (1 1) atop elongate rods (12) created in order to incorporate all actuator elements within the dimensions of a Braille cell.
  • Figure 9 illustrates a 2-level system of actuators or pins (1 1 ), according to a second embodiment of this invention. Its differentiator from the first embodiment of Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings, is that it does not comprise frames.
  • a first bracket (14a) is provided on the elongate rod (12) which is located operatively above a second bracket (14b) which is also provided on the elongate rod (12).
  • the first bracket (14a) holds a first electro- permanent magnet (16a).
  • the second bracket (14b) holds a second electro-permanent magnet (16b).
  • the shape of pins (1 1 ), and its location, is adjusted corresponding to its position in the Braille cell, and below a Braille dot, in an advantageous manner.
  • the elongate rods ( 12), along with the brackets (14a) and withheld electro-permanent magnets (16a, 16b) are configured to move along a longitudinal direction in an operative upward longitudinal and an operative downward longitudinal manner, characterised by the resilient element ( 19) corresponding to each elongate rod ( 12) and fixed by means of a base (21 )
  • the resilient element and the elongate rods along with pins are combined into a single body, reducing assembly and fabrication cost.
  • the pins are made as an aggregation of 3 or 4 pins (depending on a 6 pin cell or an 8 pin cell) attached to a base.
  • the resilient element also helps in stabilizing the pins removing the need for the top and bottom plates or frames (14a, 14b), as such.
  • the removal of the bottom plate and top plate produces a friction-less up and down movement of the Braille pins increasing their life. Further, the stability created by the single body construction enables us to invert the electro-permanent magnets' metal piece positions. With sufficient increase in the spacing of the electro- permanent magnets (resulting in a disadvantage of broader cells), the electro- permanent magnet can be made the fixed element and metal piece as the moving element (attached to the pin).
  • Figure 11 also illustrates this third embodiment of this linear actuator assembly of this invention, wherein the electro-permanent magnet (16c) is fixed and the metal plate (18a) is movable.
  • the electro-permanent magnet ( 16c) is connected to the elongate rod (12).
  • the electro-permanent magnet (16c) is activated, it attracts the metal plate (18a), which metal plate ( 18a) is fixed to the elongate rod (12) comprising a tactile pin (1 1).
  • the metal plate (18a) is pulled operatively upwards to the electro-permanent magnet (16c), which in turn, operatively engages the elongate rod (12) for operative upward movement, thereby also moving the pin (1 1 ) in an operatively upward manner to engage with a corresponding Braille dot.
  • the INVENTIVE STEP of this invention lies in providing a Braille cell which further provides for its use in creating a commercially viable and reduced cost multi-line display for Braille based reading.
  • This invention makes the Braille cell as well as the assembly, modular and replaceable. There is at least 10 fold reduction in manufacturing costs as compared to commercially available Braille cells.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • User Interface Of Digital Computer (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne une cellule braille et un ensemble pour affichage braille multiligne, ladite cellule et ledit ensemble comprenant : au moins un ensemble actionneur linéaire conçu pour initier l'actionnement d'un point dans une cellule braille de dispositif de lecture braille rafraïchissable, caractérisé en ce que ledit ensemble actionneur linéaire comprend en outre : au moins une tige allongée conçue pour retenir au moins un électro-aimant permanent ; au moins une plaque métallique conçue pour permettre le mouvement de ladite au moins tige allongée associée lors de l'actionnement magnétique dudit électro-aimant permanent, au moins une broche tactile, ladite au moins broche tactile étant caractérisée en ce qu'elle opère en réponse au champ magnétique correspondant dudit au moins électro-aimant permanent, ladite au moins broche tactile permettant par conséquent l'insertion de ladite au moins broche tactile avec au moins un point braille situé de manière avantageuse dans une relation espacée par rapport à ladite au moins tête de broche tactile.
PCT/IN2016/000037 2015-02-05 2016-02-04 Cellule braille et ensemble pour affichage braille multiligne WO2016125183A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN383MU2015 2015-02-05
IN383/MUM/2015 2015-02-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016125183A2 true WO2016125183A2 (fr) 2016-08-11
WO2016125183A3 WO2016125183A3 (fr) 2016-09-29

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107890978A (zh) * 2016-10-04 2018-04-10 意美森公司 包含有电永磁体的触觉致动器
CN110033674A (zh) * 2019-01-17 2019-07-19 浙江理工大学 触觉再现旋转自锁式盲文点阵显示装置
CN114080801A (zh) * 2019-07-12 2022-02-22 环球城市电影有限责任公司 具有可变形表面的电子显示器

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3624785B2 (ja) * 2000-03-21 2005-03-02 株式会社東北テクノアーチ 点字ピン駆動装置
KR100568695B1 (ko) * 2003-10-10 2006-04-07 신현오 점자 디스플레이장치
US7744372B1 (en) * 2005-12-06 2010-06-29 Daniel Charles Minnich Refreshable Braille display device
JP2007310864A (ja) * 2006-04-21 2007-11-29 Kenta Nakamura 磁力で吸着して駆動される３次元触覚ディスプレイ
CN102176293B (zh) * 2011-03-12 2014-09-10 张乐 点阵式磁控凸点盲文显示器

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107890978A (zh) * 2016-10-04 2018-04-10 意美森公司 包含有电永磁体的触觉致动器
EP3305383A1 (fr) * 2016-10-04 2018-04-11 Immersion Corporation Actionneur haptique incorporant un aimant électro-permanent
US10049536B2 (en) 2016-10-04 2018-08-14 Immersion Corporation Haptic actuator incorporating electropermanent magnet
US10217333B2 (en) 2016-10-04 2019-02-26 Immersion Corporation Haptic enabled user interface device incorporating electropermanent magnet
CN110033674A (zh) * 2019-01-17 2019-07-19 浙江理工大学 触觉再现旋转自锁式盲文点阵显示装置
CN110033674B (zh) * 2019-01-17 2024-02-23 浙江理工大学 触觉再现旋转自锁式盲文点阵显示装置
CN114080801A (zh) * 2019-07-12 2022-02-22 环球城市电影有限责任公司 具有可变形表面的电子显示器

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