WO2016124597A2 - Canal de commande commun en bande - Google Patents

Canal de commande commun en bande Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016124597A2
WO2016124597A2 PCT/EP2016/052183 EP2016052183W WO2016124597A2 WO 2016124597 A2 WO2016124597 A2 WO 2016124597A2 EP 2016052183 W EP2016052183 W EP 2016052183W WO 2016124597 A2 WO2016124597 A2 WO 2016124597A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
channel
tier
data
node
control channel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/052183
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2016124597A3 (fr
Inventor
Francisco DE CASTRO PAISANA
Luiz Dasilva
Nicola MARCHETTI
Original Assignee
The Provost, Fellows, Foundation Scholars, & The Other Members Of Board, Of The College Of The Holy & Undiv. Trinity Of Queen Elizabeth Near Dublin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by The Provost, Fellows, Foundation Scholars, & The Other Members Of Board, Of The College Of The Holy & Undiv. Trinity Of Queen Elizabeth Near Dublin filed Critical The Provost, Fellows, Foundation Scholars, & The Other Members Of Board, Of The College Of The Holy & Undiv. Trinity Of Queen Elizabeth Near Dublin
Publication of WO2016124597A2 publication Critical patent/WO2016124597A2/fr
Publication of WO2016124597A3 publication Critical patent/WO2016124597A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
    • H04L27/2627—Modulators
    • H04L27/264—Pulse-shaped multi-carrier, i.e. not using rectangular window
    • H04L27/26416—Filtering per subcarrier, e.g. filterbank multicarrier [FBMC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2649—Demodulators
    • H04L27/26534—Pulse-shaped multi-carrier, i.e. not using rectangular window
    • H04L27/2654—Filtering per subcarrier, e.g. filterbank multicarrier [FBMC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to control channels in wireless networks. More particularly, the invention relates to an in-band dynamic common control channel.
  • control channels can be divided into the following main types of architecture: out-of-band, in-band (including sequence-based and group-based), underlay and hybrid.
  • out-of-band in-band
  • in-band including sequence-based and group-based
  • hybrid underlay
  • CCC common control channel
  • the group-based in-band CCC center frequency and bandwidth are agreed and allocated locally and opportunistically by the network based on its bandwidth requirements and the interference, or primary user (PU) activity, in Opportunistic Spectrum Access (OSA) scenarios.
  • This solution raises several challenges.
  • One such challenge is the fact that the nodes have first to agree on which frequency band to use for exchanging control data.
  • This network setup process is slow and involves significant overhead.
  • the network must then be sub-divided into clusters, each one with a different CCC. It will be appreciated that this increases the delay, overhead and has several implementation difficulties.
  • an in-band group-based CCC allocated on an OSA basis must be constantly monitored by its users and vacated in case a PU appears.
  • the process of channel reassignment is slow, making the network inactive for a relatively long period of time.
  • the CCC frequency is not fixed and universal, a node that joins the network has to scan the entire spectrum to look for this frequency. This process is known as network discovery.
  • the in-band sequence-based scheme solves some of the issues associated with the out-of-band control channel by spreading the CCC data across the users' data channels.
  • Each node through a predefined hopping pattern, switches from channel to channel, exchanging control data on a link-by-link basis with the neighbors it finds in the process.
  • this scheme is more robust to interference than the group-based scheme.
  • some time is required for different nodes to meet and establish a connection, also known as the time to rendezvous (TTR), and this time increases with the size of the number of nodes involved.
  • TTR time to rendezvous
  • the CCC can also be allocated on an underlay basis, namely through ultra- wideband (UWB) technology. While this reduces the impact of interference and PU activity in Opportunistic Spectrum Access scenarios, and makes the frequency assignment process simpler, the fact that underlay access schemes, such as UWB, have limited range creates a gap between the ranges of nodes' data channels and control channels.
  • UWB ultra- wideband
  • the hybrid solution consists in using a dedicated out-of-band CCC to signal the existence of neighbors in a certain area and their respective Radio Access Technologies (RATs), generic identification data (ID), and in-band CCC frequencies.
  • RATs Radio Access Technologies
  • ID generic identification data
  • in-band CCC frequencies are then employed for further control data exchange between nodes. This alternative mitigates the overhead and delays that stems from employing rendezvous algorithms to detect the in-band CCCs, and reduces the traffic on the out-of-band CCC, making it less prone to saturation.
  • rendezvous algorithms to detect the in-band CCCs
  • the traffic on the out-of-band CCC making it less prone to saturation.
  • the security and worldwide harmonization issues of the out-of-band CCC still remain to be addressed.
  • the present invention provides an in-band common control channel architecture in a wireless communication network comprising a plurality of nodes, comprising: a control channel provided within the data channel associated with each node for exchanging control data with the other nodes in the network, the control channel comprising a first tier channel and a second tier channel; wherein the first tier channel is adapted to transmit control signals on a subset of the subcarriers of the data channel associated with each node and the second tier channel is adapted to transmit control signals over the entire bandwidth of the data channel associated with each node.
  • the second tier channel may be adapted to be accessed only for control data exchange procedures which require the entire data channel bandwidth of a node to meet their throughput requirements.
  • Access to the second tier channel of a node may be enabled by means of signalling provided in the first tier channel of the node.
  • the signalling may comprise data relating to the frequency of the second tier channel of the node, its modulation scheme and its handshake procedures.
  • the second tier channel of a node may be adapted to transmit control signals associated with at least one of following control data exchange procedures: handshaking, sharing sensing samples, synchronization or sharing network level information.
  • the first tier control subcarriers are configured to be used for channel state information (CSI) estimation.
  • CSI channel state information
  • the estimated CSI is adapted to be used to determine one or more of the following: the presence of users in a certain channel; a transmit power and proximity of a user, or channel multipath characteristics.
  • the CSI obtained from the first-tier control subcarriers can be used for at least one of the following: beamforming, spatial multiplexing, or Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (M- MIMO) techniques.
  • M- MIMO Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output
  • an ADC module for data reception and configured to convert the channel to digital and an AFD module configured to select the first-tier carriers and convert them to digital domain with a high number of bits of precision for CSI estimation.
  • the first tier channel of a node may be adapted to transmit control signals relating to the network.
  • the first tier channel of a node may be adapted to transmit one or more of the following control signals: control signals indicating the presence and identity of the nodes of the network, control signals indicating the parameters and activity of nodes of the network, control signals indicating the frequency of the second tier channel of the node.
  • the number of subcarriers of the data channel associated with the first tier channel of each node and the position of these subcarriers relative to the centre of the data channel of each node may be the same for all nodes of the network.
  • Each node may comprise: a means for selecting for each data channel in the network the subcarriers located at the same relative frequency as the subcarriers corresponding to the first tier channel associated with the node.
  • the means for selecting may comprise a frequency decimator circuit for performing frequency decimation of Nch channels by a factor of M, where Nch corresponds to the number of data channels in the network and M represents the ratio between the bandwidth of a first-tier subcarrier and the distance between first-tier subcarriers.
  • the frequency decimator circuit may comprise Nch integrators operating in an interleaved manner to generate the delay line z "Nch of H(z).
  • the Nch integrators may be implemented by a switched capacitor circuit comprising Nch capacitors Ci and Sci switches arranged in an op-amp feedback loop, wherein the capacitors Ci are activated in an interleaved manner through the switches Sci such that the values stored in the Nch capacitors Ci correspond to:
  • Each node may further comprise: a plurality of analog to digital converters for converting each output data sample from the frequency decimator circuit from analog data to digital data; a means for converting the digital data samples from the time domain to the frequency domain; and a decoder for decoding the frequency domain sample data to obtain the control data of the other nodes in the network.
  • the analog to digital converters may comprise Nch analog to digital converters adapted to operate in an interleaved manner at a sampling rate of fo/MNch.
  • the means for converting the digital data samples from the time domain to the frequency domain may comprise a Fast Fourier Transform, FFT, processor of size Nch, and wherein the output bins of the FFT processor correspond to the amplitudes of the subcarriers of the first tier channel of the other nodes.
  • the control channel transmissions of each of the plurality of nodes may be time synchronized.
  • the control channel transmissions may be time synchronized through a GPS clock.
  • the control channel transmissions of each of the plurality of nodes may be modulated using filter bank multicarrier.
  • the control channel transmissions of each of the plurality of nodes may incorporate redundancy.
  • a method for providing in-band common control channel architecture in a wireless communication network comprising a plurality of nodes, comprising: providing a control channel within the data channel associated with each node for exchanging control data with the other nodes in the network, the control channel comprising a first tier channel and a second tier channel; wherein the first tier channel transmits control signals on a subset of the subcarriers of the data channel associated with each node and the second tier channel transmits control signals over the entire bandwidth of the data channel associated with each node.
  • a set of instructions recorded on a data carrying medium which, when processed by a data processing terminal, configures the terminal to perform the steps of the method.
  • Figure 2 shows the frequency decimation process for decoding the first tier common control channels of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 shows a block diagram of the frequency decimator circuit of the invention
  • Figure 4 shows the magnitude and phase plots of the frequency response of the filter of the frequency decimation circuit
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic of the frequency decimation and analog-to- digital conversion stages of the circuit at each node for decoding the common control channels
  • Figure 6 shows an exemplary schematic of a SC integrator
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic of the SC frequency decimation circuit of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 shows the ON/OFF transitions of the switches in the SC frequency decimation circuit of Figure 7.
  • the present invention provides a dynamic in-band common control channel architecture for wireless networks comprising a plurality of nodes that is easily assigned and rapidly identified and accessible by its users, without requiring the allocation of a dedicated band.
  • This common control channel also supports broadcasting.
  • the channel may have several functions, such as facilitating network discovery, coordinating spectrum access, and providing awareness to nodes about their radio environment.
  • the CCC architecture of the present invention can be divided into two tiers, each tier concerning the exchange of control data with a distinct purpose in the network coordination, and requiring a different access mechanism.
  • the control channel comprises a first tier channel and a second tier channel; wherein the first tier channel is adapted to transmit control signals on a subset of the subcarriers of the data channel associated with each node and the second tier channel is adapted to transmit control signals over the entire bandwidth of the data channel associated with each node.
  • the first tier comprises a physical channel associated with each user or node used to share control data that concerns the whole network. Therefore, it serves as a low-latency gateway for a radio or node to connect to the network, identify its neighbors, and obtain concise information regarding each user's parameters and activity.
  • the first tier channel also provides a node with the location in frequency of its respective in-band control channel, which is its second tier channel.
  • the second tier comprises all network users' in-band control channels and thus uses the entire bandwidth of each node's data channel.
  • the second tier is only activated when second-tier control data exchange is required.
  • the second tier channel is employed in control data exchange procedures that demand higher throughput than the data exchange procedures performed through the first tier channel. These may include for example handshaking, sharing sensing samples, synchronization, or sharing network level information.
  • the two-tiered CCC architecture of the present invention therefore, operates as a hybrid CCC scheme.
  • Access to the second tier channel of a specific node is enabled through signaling by the same node in the first tier channel.
  • This signaling mechanism must provide data regarding a node's in-band CCC frequency, modulation scheme, and handshake procedures so that other users in the network can access and decode information in the node's second tier channel.
  • nodes that need to communicate through the second tier have the same radio access technology.
  • a single standardized mechanism is not necessary to access a second-tier channel for flexibility purposes, in order that this mechanism fits the throughput and latency requirements of the radio technology.
  • the first tier of the control channel is implemented using a subset of the nodes' subcarriers whose relative position with respect to the center of the node's data channel is known beforehand by the other nodes of the network.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of the first tier control channel when only one subcarrier per data channel is used to transmit first-tier control data.
  • any suitable number of subcarriers per data channel could equally well be used. This decision will depend on the dimension and dynamics of the network for which this CCC is designed. The only requirement is that the number of first- tier subcarriers per data channel is the same for the whole network and that the position of these subcarriers in relation to the center of their respective data channel is the same.
  • the first tier is only employed in simple identification of nodes in the network, or in other functions with low throughput demand.
  • a node To transmit a larger volume of control data, a node must, through its first tier control data, request the other nodes in the network which are scanning the spectrum to tune in to their data channel and decode the data as second tier data.
  • ADC Analog-Digital Converter
  • the present invention addresses this issue by providing an analog frequency decimator (AFD) before the ADC.
  • the AFD is capable of selecting for digital conversion specific subcarriers of the users' data channel, which are being used as first-tier subcarriers, and filtering out the remaining ones.
  • FIG. 2 One example of this process of frequency decimation is illustrated in Figure 2 for an Opportunistic Spectrum Access (OSA) scenario of Figure 1 .
  • the second and fifth subcarriers selected by the AFD have zero energy, due to the fact that they belong to the empty channels CH2 and CH5. As CH4 is occupied by a primary user, the fourth subcarrier has energy but does not have any relevant information.
  • Each node in order to identify its neighbors, selects the first-tier subcarriers of several channels and decodes them.
  • the present invention employs an alternative technique to either of the above mentioned techniques for a node to decode the control data associated with each other node in the network, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the technique uses a frequency domain decimation circuit 300, where the only sampled frequencies are the control subcarriers of the first-tier channel of each node. After the frequency decimation 300, the resulting signal is converted into the digital domain by an ADC 305, and subsequently to the frequency domain by a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) block 310.
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transform
  • M the ratio between the bandwidth of a first-tier subcarrier and the distance between first-tier subcarriers.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic of the frequency decimation and analog-to-digital conversion stages of the circuit at each node for decoding the common control channels. It is formed by Nch integrators 500 operating in an interleaved manner in order to generate the delay line z ⁇ Nch of H(z). After M.Nch x(t) samples have passed through the filter, the samples at the output of each integrator are converted to the digital domain by the Nch ADCs 505 that operate in an interleaved manner at the sampling rate of MN ch
  • the discrete-time filters of equation (3) are implemented with switched capacitors (SC) circuits in the analog domain.
  • SC switched capacitors
  • FIG. 6 One example of an integrator employing switched capacitors technology is shown in Figure 6.
  • the switch Si is at the same clock phase as S3 and at an opposite phase of S2 and S 4 .
  • the equation of this filter is, c s
  • Vou t i —v out (t - T 0 ) + v in t - T 0 ) (5) where 1 /(2To) is the switch on/off rate at which S1 , S2, S3 and S4 operate.
  • the S1 and S3 sample the continuous-time signal Vin(t), and store its value in the capacitor Cs.
  • Si and S3 open, and S2 and S 4 close, to transfer the charge stored in Cs into one of the capacitors Ci in the Op-Amp feedback loop.
  • the capacitor Ci where this charge is going to be transfered to, is chosen through the respective switch Sci.
  • the values stored in the Nch capacitors Ci (x c .) represent y(n) in equation (2), through the following equation,
  • Each capacitor Ci sums and accumulates M samples before its value being converted to the digital domain and resets for the new frequency decimation process.
  • Wideband RF signals are generally characterized for very high dynamic ranges (sometimes over 60 dB).
  • the ADCs of the present invention should have a considerable resolution.
  • P ADCS N ch FOM.
  • the ADCs are the dominant factor in the power consumption of the analog frequency decimator circuit of the present invention, it can be inferred that this approach is practical for handheld applications.
  • the N ch converted samples enter a FFT block of size N ch and are converted to the frequency domain.
  • the amplitudes of the control subcarriers are obtained at the output bins of the FFT block, and their information can then be decoded.
  • control channel architecture of the present invention allows a node to broadcast information to several neighbors simultaneously.
  • the user starts by transmitting a "broadcast command" control signal in the first-tier subcarriers of its channel.
  • the other nodes which are employing frequency decimation, receive this request through some of the selected first-tier subcarriers. After decoding the content of the received message, they tune in to the user's data channel and enter receive mode.
  • one obstacle to the efficient demodulation of the control subcarriers originating from different first-tier channels is the fact the fact they are not time synchronized.
  • OFDM modulation for instance, it is expected that the control subcarriers converted to frequency domain only contain information regarding the useful part (without cyclic prefix) of one single OFDM symbol, as otherwise the orthogonality between OFDM subcarriers is lost, increasing inter-carrier-interference (ICI).
  • ICI inter-carrier-interference
  • One way to solve this problem is to synchronize the nodes' transmissions through a GPS clock.
  • the common control channel architecture of the present invention provides a number of advantages when compared to prior art control channel architectures. Firstly, as the control channel is allocated in the same band as the users' data channels, the CCC's total bandwidth increases proportionally with the number of nodes in the network and their respective data channels' bandwidth. Saturation of the control channel is, therefore, unlikely to occur. Furthermore, through the use of an in-band control channel architecture, it avoids all the regulatory issues regarding the harmonization of global out-of-band CCC. In contrast to underlay architectures, there is also no gap between the range of the nodes' transmissions in their respective CCCs and the data channels. The control channel architecture of the present invention also allows a node to broadcast information to several neighbors simultaneously, in contrast to most in- band architectures.
  • the interference on the CCC of the present invention also only affects one node, and not the whole network. This decreases the network recovery time and the overhead associated with it.
  • the embodiments in the invention described with reference to the drawings comprise a computer apparatus and/or processes performed in a computer apparatus.
  • the invention also extends to computer programs, particularly computer programs stored on or in a carrier adapted to bring the invention into practice.
  • the program may be in the form of source code, object code, or a code intermediate source and object code, such as in partially compiled form or in any other form suitable for use in the implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • the carrier may comprise a storage medium such as ROM, e.g. CD ROM, or magnetic recording medium, e.g. a memory stick or hard disk.
  • the carrier may be an electrical or optical signal which may be transmitted via an electrical or an optical cable or by radio or other means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une architecture de canal de commande commun en bande dans un réseau de communication sans fil. L'architecture de canal de commande comprend une pluralité de nœuds, comprenant un canal de commande prévu dans le canal de données associé à chaque nœud pour échanger des données de commande avec les autres nœuds du réseau. Le canal de commande comprend un canal de premier niveau et un canal de second niveau. Le canal de premier niveau est adapté pour transmettre des signaux de commande sur un sous-ensemble des sous-porteuses du canal de données associé à chaque nœud. Le canal de second niveau est adapté pour transmettre des signaux de commande sur la totalité de la largeur de bande du canal de données associé à chaque nœud.
PCT/EP2016/052183 2015-02-03 2016-02-02 Canal de commande commun en bande WO2016124597A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1501783.3 2015-02-03
GBGB1501783.3A GB201501783D0 (en) 2015-02-03 2015-02-03 An in-band common control channel

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WO2016124597A2 true WO2016124597A2 (fr) 2016-08-11
WO2016124597A3 WO2016124597A3 (fr) 2016-10-06

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EP2632076A3 (fr) * 2004-04-15 2013-11-20 QUALCOMM Incorporated Procédés et appareils de communication multiporteuse
US7801227B2 (en) * 2006-04-14 2010-09-21 Qualcomm Incorporated Methods and apparatus related to composite beacon and wideband synchronization signaling

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