WO2016121513A1

WO2016121513A1 - Crop cultivation system and crop cultivation method

Info

Publication number: WO2016121513A1
Application number: PCT/JP2016/051024
Authority: WO
Inventors: 松本　安夫; 隆博川合; 伸樹櫻井; 佐代子小管
Original assignee: Jnc株式会社
Priority date: 2015-01-29
Filing date: 2016-01-14
Publication date: 2016-08-04
Also published as: JPWO2016121513A1; JP6569688B2

Abstract

Provided is a crop cultivation system whereby the amount of irrigation water such as a nutrient solution can be appropriately controlled. This crop cultivation system comprises a cultivation bed, a waterproof sheet, a cultivation medium, a panel for settled planting, an irrigation tube and an irrigation control means. In the cultivation bed, areas wherein crops are to be settled in a field are defined by frames. The waterproof sheet is provided so as to cover the areas and frames. The cultivation medium is disposed on the waterproof sheet in the areas and the crops are settled therein. In the panel for settled planting, said panel being provided so as to cover the cultivation medium, through holes defining the settled plating positions of the respective crops are formed. The irrigation tube is connected to a supply system for supplying a nutrient solution, which is prepared by diluting a fertilizer, and water and extends over the panel for settled planting. From the irrigation tube, the nutrient solution and water are irrigated to the cultivation medium through the through holes. The irrigation control means controls, on the basis of measured insolation value, the amount of the nutrient solution or water to be supplied from the supply system to the irrigation tube.

Description

Crop cultivation system and crop cultivation method

The present invention relates to a crop cultivation system and a crop cultivation method.

Conventionally, farm products are cultivated by various methods such as open field cultivation or house cultivation (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

JP 2008-295350 A JP 2008-000052 A

In cultivation methods such as open field cultivation or house cultivation, when nutrient solution and water diluted with fertilizer (hereinafter referred to as nutrient solution) are irrigated, the irrigated nutrient solution is the root of the crop. Many of them flowed into the soil without being absorbed. In addition, if the amount of irrigation is increased in consideration of the outflow to the soil, the fruits of the crops are enlarged, and the sugar content of the fruits may be reduced. In addition, if the amount of irrigation is excessive, the roots of the crops may be deficient in oxygen and cause root rot. Then, one side of this invention makes it a subject to provide the cultivation system of the agricultural crop which can control appropriately the irrigation amounts, such as a nutrient solution.

One aspect of the present invention is exemplified by the following crop cultivation system. The crop cultivation system includes a cultivation bed, a water stop sheet, a culture medium, a planting panel, a irrigation tube, and a irrigation control means. A cultivation bed prescribes | regulates the division which plants a crop in a field by a frame. The water stop sheet is provided so as to cover the section and the frame. A culture medium is provided on the water-stop sheet | seat in the said division, and a farm crop is planted. The planting panel is provided so as to cover the culture medium, and has a through hole that defines a position where each crop is planted. The irrigation tube is an irrigation tube that is connected to a supply system that supplies a nutrient solution and water diluted with fertilizer, and extends on the planting panel, and irrigates the culture medium with the nutrient solution and water through the through hole. The irrigation control means adjusts the amount of nutrient solution or water supplied from the supply system to the irrigation tube based on the measured amount of solar radiation.

According to such an invention, the water stop sheet prevents leakage of nutrient solution or the like to the outside of the culture medium, thereby facilitating control of the irrigation amount. Furthermore, by defining the planting position of each crop by the planting panel, it becomes easy to control the amount of irrigation such as nutrient solution for each crop. Further, the irrigation control means adjusts the amount of nutrient solution supplied from the supply system to the irrigation tube based on the amount of solar radiation, so that the crop cultivation system appropriately controls the amount of irrigation such as nutrient solution. Is possible.

The present invention can also employ the following configuration. The thickness of the medium is 1 cm to 2 cm. According to such an invention, the roots of the planted plants are promoted to grow side roots having fine roots rather than the main roots. As a result, the increase in sugar content and nutrition of agricultural products is promoted.

The present invention can also employ the following configuration. The interval between the holes for irrigating the nutrient solution and water of the irrigation tube is equal to the interval between the through holes. According to such an invention, the nutrient solution or the like irrigated from the irrigation tube is efficiently irrigated into the medium.

The present invention can also employ the following configuration. The supply system and the irrigation tube are connected by an electromagnetic valve, and the irrigation control means opens and closes the electromagnetic valve by sending an instruction to the electromagnetic valve to adjust the amount of nutrient solution or water supplied to the irrigation tube. According to such an invention, by adopting an electromagnetic valve that is smaller and lighter than an electric valve driven by a motor, the cultivation system of the present crop easily connects the supply system and the irrigation tube. Is possible.

The present invention can also employ the following configuration. It is provided so that the soil used as the base of a field may be covered, and it further has the grass prevention sheet which inhibits the growth of a plant, and a cultivation bed and a water stop sheet are provided on a grass prevention sheet. According to such an invention, the growth of plants other than crops is inhibited by the herbicidal sheet. As a result, the possibility that the waterstop sheet is damaged due to the growth of plants other than agricultural products from below is suppressed. Moreover, since the soil is covered with the herbicidal sheet, it is possible to suppress damage to the crops by insects or fungi in the soil.

The present invention can also employ the following configuration. A multi-film is further provided so as to cover the planting panel, and suppresses adhesion of dirt to the planting panel. According to such an invention, adhesion of dirt to the fixed planting panel is suppressed by the multi-film. As a result, propagation of germs and the like in the fixed planting panel is suppressed, and damage to the crops by the germs and the like is suppressed.

The present invention can also employ the following configuration. The supply system includes a constant pressure pump that keeps the pressure of the liquid flowing in the supply system constant. According to such an invention, the pressure of the liquid flowing in the supply system is kept constant by the constant pressure pump. As a result, the irrigation flow rate by the irrigation tube can be kept constant.

Another aspect of the present invention is a crop cultivation method using the crop cultivation system, wherein the period from planting to flowering of the first fruit bunches is from 20 to 120 ml / strain / day. The period from flowering to the start of harvesting is 100 to 400 ml / strain / day, and the period from the start of harvesting to the end of harvesting is 200 to 400 ml / strain / day irrigation. is there. Thus, by appropriately controlling the amount of irrigation such as nutrient solution at each stage, it is possible to achieve high sugar content and increase the yield.

This crop cultivation system can appropriately control the amount of irrigation such as nutrient solution.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cultivation system according to the embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an irrigation tube. FIG. 3 is an example of a cross-sectional view of the cultivation bed viewed from the lateral direction. FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example of a fixed planting panel. FIG. 4B is a perspective view of the periphery of one hole extracted from a plurality of holes provided in the planting panel. FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating an example of the arrangement of the fixed planting panels. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a supply system.

The present invention includes the contents described in the following items [1] to [8].
[1] A cultivation bed that defines a section for planting crops in a field by a frame;
A water-stop sheet provided to cover the compartment and the frame;
A medium provided on the water-stop sheet in the compartment, on which the crops are planted; and
A planting panel provided so as to cover the medium, and having a through hole that defines a position where each crop is planted;
An irrigation tube connected to a supply system for supplying nutrient solution and water diluted with fertilizer and extending on the planting panel, wherein the nutrient solution and water are irrigated to the medium through the through-hole. Tubes,
Irrigation control means for adjusting the amount of nutrient solution or water supplied from the supply system to the irrigation tube based on the measured amount of solar radiation,
Crop cultivation system.
[2] The thickness of the medium is 1 cm to 2 cm.
The crop cultivation system according to [1].
[3] The interval between the holes for irrigating the nutrient solution and water of the irrigation tube is equal to the interval between the through holes.
The crop cultivation system according to [1] or [2].
[4] The supply system and the irrigation tube are connected by a solenoid valve,
The irrigation control means opens and closes the electromagnetic valve by sending an instruction to the electromagnetic valve, and adjusts the amount of nutrient solution or water supplied to the irrigation tube,
The crop cultivation system according to any one of [1] to [3].
[5] It is provided so as to cover the soil as the foundation of the field, further comprising a herbicidal sheet that inhibits the growth of plants,
The cultivation bed and the waterproof sheet are provided on the grass prevention sheet,
The crop cultivation system according to any one of [1] to [4].
[6] A multi-film that is provided so as to cover the planting panel and that prevents dirt from adhering to the planting panel is further provided.
The crop cultivation system according to any one of [1] to [5].
[7] The supply system includes a constant pressure pump that maintains a constant pressure of the liquid flowing in the supply system.
The crop cultivation system according to any one of [1] to [6].
[8] A method for cultivating a crop using the crop cultivation system according to any one of [1] to [7],
The period from planting to flowering of the first fruit bunches is 20 to 120 ml / strain / day.
A crop characterized by irrigating at a rate of 100 to 400 ml / strain / day from the first fruit blossoming to the start of harvest, and from 200 to 400 ml / strain / day from the start of harvest to the end of harvest Cultivation method.

Hereinafter, a crop cultivation system according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. The configuration of the embodiment shown below is an exemplification, and the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the embodiment.

<Embodiment>
Drawing 1 is a figure showing an example of the upper surface figure of cultivation system 1 concerning an embodiment. In the cultivation system 1, a plurality of cultivation beds 10 for planting farm products are provided. Further, a herbicidal sheet 20 is laid on the entire soil of the cultivation system 1. In the cultivation system 1, the cultivation bed 10 is provided in the greenhouse, but the illustration of the greenhouse is omitted.

The cultivation bed 10 is provided with a medium for planting crops. In the cultivation system 1, a plurality of cultivation beds 10 are provided side by side. The section of the cultivation bed 10 is defined by the cultivation bed frame 50. In the cultivation system 1, it is preferable to align the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bed 10 in the north-south direction in order to suppress the unevenness of sunlight that hits the crop. However, the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bed 10 does not have to exactly coincide with the north-south direction, and some deviation is allowed. Moreover, in the field, a greenhouse, etc. which employ | adopt this cultivation system, it is preferable that the cultivation bed 10 is leveled at least horizontally. When the cultivation bed 10 has irregularities, there is a risk that root rot of the crops may occur due to concentration of nutrient solution to be irrigated in the depressions. In addition, there is a risk that the crops will wrinkle due to lack of irrigated nutrient solution or the like at the convex portion. Therefore, it is preferable to level the cultivation bed 10 horizontally so that the nutrient solution to be irrigated spreads evenly throughout the cultivation bed 10. Although the cultivation bed 10 is covered with the multifilm 11, the multifilm 11 will be described later.

The herbicidal sheet 20 is a light shielding sheet. The herbicidal sheet 20 inhibits the growth of plants other than agricultural crops by blocking solar radiation on the soil as a foundation. As a result, the possibility that the water-stop sheet 14, which will be described later, is damaged by the growth of plants other than crops from below is suppressed. In addition, by covering the soil with the herbicidal sheet 20, it is possible to suppress damage to crops caused by insects or fungi in the soil. The weedproof sheet 20 can also have various effects depending on the color. For example, when white is adopted as the color of the herbicidal sheet 20, the herbicidal sheet 20 reflects sunlight so that photosynthesis of agricultural products can be promoted. Even if the soil of the cultivation system 1 is covered with concrete or a plate instead of the weedproof sheet 20, the same effect as that of the weedproof sheet 20 can be expected.

The cultivation bed frame 50 is a frame material that defines the section of the cultivation bed 10. The cultivation bed frame 50 is provided on the grass prevention sheet 20. The cultivation bed frame 50 is not particularly limited as long as it is straight and has no protrusions. The thickness of the cultivation bed frame 50 is preferably about 3 cm to 4 cm. As will be described later, since the height of the culture medium 13 is about 1 cm to 2 cm in the cultivation system 1, if the thickness of the cultivation bed frame 50 is about 3 cm to 4 cm, the ease of work of planting seedlings of crops is facilitated. While maintaining, it is possible to maintain a space where the culture medium 13 and the air contact.

The irrigation tube 30 irrigates the cultivation bed 10 with nutrient solution or the like. The irrigation tube 30 is provided in parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bed 10. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the irrigation tube 30. On the side surface of the irrigation tube 30, a plurality of holes 30a through which liquid flows are provided at a predetermined interval 30c. In the irrigation tube 30, when the pressure of the liquid flowing inside becomes a certain level or more, the liquid flows out from the hole 30 a at a flow rate corresponding to the pressure. That is, it is possible to adjust the irrigation amount by the irrigation tube 30 by adjusting the pressure of the liquid flowing in the irrigation tube 30 with a pump or the like.

FIG. 3 is an example of a cross-sectional view of the cultivation bed 10 viewed from the lateral direction. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1 and shows a portion where a single crop 40 is planted. In the cultivation bed 10, a water-stop sheet 14, a culture medium 13, and a planting panel 12 are laminated on a grass-proof sheet 20 laid so as to cover the entire surface of the cultivation system 1. An irrigation tube 30 is disposed on the planting panel 12, and the multi-film 11 is laid thereon so as to cover the cultivation bed 10. The crop 40 is planted in the medium 13 through the planting panel 12, and the root 41 of the crop 40 is rooted in the medium 13. Note that an air layer may be provided between the planting panel 12 and the culture medium 13. By this air layer, oxygen can be efficiently supplied to the root 41 and an effect of suppressing the temperature change of the culture medium 13 can be expected.

The crop 40 is a crop cultivated by the cultivation system 1. The crop 40 has a root 41 and a stem 42 and is planted in the medium 13. The crop 40 is, for example, tomato, eggplant, strawberry, melon or paprika.

The multi film 11 is provided so as to cover the surface of the cultivation bed 10. The multi-film 11 is provided so as to cover the fixed planting panel 12 and prevents adhesion of dirt to the fixed planting panel 12. As a result, propagation of germs and the like in the planting panel 12 is suppressed, and harm to the crop 40 due to the germs and the like is suppressed. In addition, the multi-film 11 can have various effects depending on colors. For example, when white or red is adopted as the color of the multi-film 11, the multi-film 11 reflects sunlight so that the photosynthesis of the crop 40 can be more activated. For example, when black is adopted as the color of the multi-film 11, it is possible to increase the temperature at the base of the crop 40 by the multi-film 11 absorbing sunlight. When planting the crop 40, a cut is made in a portion of the multi-film 11 positioned on the hole 12 b of the planting panel 12 described later, and the crop 40 is planted in the medium 13 from the cut.

The planting panel 12 is provided on the medium 13. FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example of the fixed planting panel 12. The fixed planting panel 12 has a hole 12b in the top surface 12a. In the fixed planting panel 12, a row 12d of holes in which six holes 12b are arranged in the long side direction is formed, and three rows 12d of holes are arranged in the short side direction. The interval 12c between the adjacent holes 12b is preferably an interval suitable for planting the crop 40. The number of holes 12b provided in the planting panel 12 is not limited. Each of the crops 40 is planted in the culture medium 13 through the holes 12b. That is, the fixed planting panel 12 defines a position where each of the crops 40 is planted. The top surface 12a is provided with a slope inclined downward toward the hole 12b so that nutrient solution or the like irrigated from the irrigation tube 30 flows toward the hole 12b. The diameter of the hole 12b is preferably set to be small as long as the crop 40 can be planted in order to suppress contact of foreign matter such as dust, dust, and microorganisms with the culture medium 13. That is, it is preferable that the diameter of the hole 12b is substantially equal to the width of the root pot of the seedling of the crop 40 to be planted. For example, when the width of the root pot of the seedling of the crop 40 is about 4 cm to 5 cm, the diameter of the hole 12b is preferably set to about 4 cm to 5 cm. FIG. 4B is a perspective view in which the periphery of one hole 12 b is extracted from the plurality of holes 12 b provided in the planting panel 12. The fixed planting panel 12 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape.

The planting panel 12 preferably does not absorb liquid and is formed of a material having heat retention. If the planting panel 12 is formed of a material that does not absorb liquid, the nutrient solution or the like irrigated by the irrigation tube 30 is irrigated by the culture medium 13 without being absorbed by the planting panel 12. Moreover, if the fixed planting panel 12 is formed with the material with heat retention, the effect which suppresses the temperature change of the culture medium 13 can be anticipated.

FIG. 4C is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of the fixed planting panel 12. In FIG. 4C, in order to show arrangement | positioning of the fixed planting panel 12, the state which removed the multi film 11 in FIG. 1 is illustrated. A plurality of the planting panels 12 are provided side by side so as to cover the culture medium 13 of the cultivation bed 10. With the planting panel 12 arranged in this way, the position for planting the crop 40 can be easily determined. Moreover, by covering the culture medium 13 with the fixed planting panel 12, it is possible to reduce the chance that foreign matters such as dust, dust, and microorganisms come into contact with the culture medium 13 or the root 41 and to suppress the moisture evaporation of the culture medium 13. Further, by arranging the planting panel 12 between the culture medium 13 and the irrigation tube 30, direct contact between the irrigation tube 30 and the culture medium 13 can be suppressed. As a result, clogging of the hole 30a due to the root 41 of the crop 40 entering the hole 30a can be suppressed. By making the interval 12c between the holes 12b of the adjacent planting panels 12 equal to the interval 30c between the holes 30a of the irrigation tube 30, the nutrient solution or the like irrigated from the irrigation tube 30 is efficiently irrigated into the medium 13. In FIG. 4C, one irrigation tube 30 is provided, but the number of irrigation tubes 30 provided on the planting panel 12 is not limited to one. One irrigation tube 30 may be provided for each row 12 d of holes in the planting panel 12. In addition, one irrigation tube 30 may be provided between each row 12d of holes of the planting panel 12.

In the medium 13, the crop 40 is planted. The height of the medium 13 is preferably about 1 cm to 2 cm. By setting the height of the culture medium 13 to 1 cm to 2 cm, the roots 41 of the planted crops 40 are promoted to grow side roots having fine roots rather than the main roots. As a result, the increase in sugar content and nutrition of the crop 40 is promoted. The medium 13 preferably has a gap of several μm to 100 μm in which the capillary root of the root 41 can enter and does not adsorb fertilizer components and the like in the nutrient solution. In addition, the medium 13 can be self-supporting when the crop 40 stretches the root 41, and various materials can be adopted as long as it can absorb the irrigated nutrient solution and the like. As such a medium 13, for example, peat moss, coconut shells, sand and the like can be employed. Further, as such a medium 13, fibers such as rock wool, polyethylene sponge, non-woven fabric, urethane, and polyester can be used. Since the cultivation system 1 does not use soil as the culture medium 13, it is possible to suppress adverse effects on the crop 40 due to soil contamination caused by insects, bacteria, residual agricultural chemicals and the like derived from the soil.

The water stop sheet 14 is a sheet that prevents liquid from permeating. The water stop sheet 14 prevents leakage of irrigated nutrient solution or the like into the soil. Therefore, the irrigated nutrient solution or the like is efficiently absorbed by the root 41 of the crop 40. Moreover, since the leakage of the nutrient solution or the like to the soil is prevented by the water-stop sheet 14, the cultivation system 1 can reduce the environmental load on the soil.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a supply system 3 that supplies nutrient solution or the like to the cultivation system 1. The supply system 3 includes a raw water tank 31, a constant pressure pump 32, a fertilizer

raw liquid tank

33a, 33b,

mixers

34a, 34b, an irrigation controller 35, and a solenoid valve 36. The irrigation tube 30 is connected to the supply system 3 via the electromagnetic valve 36. Hereinafter, the supply system 3 will be described with reference to FIG.

The supply system 3 supplies nutrient solution and the like to the irrigation tube 30. The supplied nutrient solution or the like is irrigated to the crop 40 by the irrigation tube 30. If the amount of nutrient solution to be irrigated is too large, the root 41 of the crop 40 may be always immersed in the nutrient solution. As a result, the root 41 of the crop 40 is rotted due to lack of oxygen, and the crop 40 may die. Furthermore, the fruit of the crop 40 may be enlarged and the sugar content of the fruit may be reduced. Moreover, when there is too little quantity of the nutrient solution etc. which are irrigated, withering or withering of the crop 40 will generate | occur | produce and there exists a possibility that a yield may reduce. Accordingly, the supply system 3 employs the following configuration in order to perform irrigation suitable for the growth of the crop 40.

The raw water tank 31 is a tank that accumulates water. The accumulated water is preferably tap water or well water. Further, in order to suppress the generation of algae in the raw water tank 31, it is preferable to configure the raw water tank 31 with a light shielding container or to cover the raw water tank 31 with a light shielding sheet. The water accumulated in the raw water tank 31 is used for irrigation by the irrigation tube 30 or dilution of the fertilizer accumulated in the fertilizer

stock solution tanks

33a and 33b.

The constant pressure pump 32 is a pump that keeps the pressure of the liquid flowing in the supply system 3 constant. When the solenoid valve 36 is opened, the pressure on the irrigation tube 30 side of the constant pressure pump 32 decreases, so the constant pressure pump 32 starts operation. Further, when the electromagnetic valve 36 is closed, the pressure on the irrigation tube 30 side of the constant pressure pump 32 increases, so that the constant pressure pump 32 stops its operation. Since the supply system 3 includes the constant pressure pump 32, the nutrient solution and the like can be supplied to the irrigation tube 30 at a constant pressure. As a result, the irrigation flow rate by the irrigation tube 30 can be kept constant.

The fertilizer

stock solution tanks

33a and 33b are tanks for storing a fertilizer stock solution obtained by dissolving a fertilizer in a solvent such as water. In FIG. 5, two types of fertilizer

stock solution tanks

33a and 33b are illustrated. The supply system 3 suppresses the generation of such precipitates by accumulating the fertilizers that generate precipitates that are hardly soluble in water by chemical reaction in different fertilizer

stock solution tanks

33a and 33b.

The

mixing devices

34a and 34b mix the fertilizer stock solution in the fertilizer

stock solution tanks

33a and 33b so as to have a constant dilution rate according to the flow rate of the water supplied from the raw water tank 31. By providing two sets of the fertilizer stock solution tank and the mixer, the supply system 3 can supply the fertilizer that generates precipitates that are difficult to dissolve in water due to a chemical reaction to the irrigation tube 30 without mixing them. . Here, the fertilizer stock solution tank and the mixing device may be one set as long as no adverse reaction such as the formation of precipitates occurs in the fertilizer stock solution tank, and more than 3 sets depending on the fertilizer components used. Also good.

The irrigation controller 35 adjusts the irrigation amount based on the measured solar radiation amount. The irrigation controller 35 is a irrigation controller of a irradiance proportional control system that adjusts the number of irrigations in proportion to the amount of irradiance. The irrigation controller 35 is connected to the electromagnetic valve 36. The irrigation controller 35 opens and closes the electromagnetic valve 36 by transmitting a signal that instructs the electromagnetic valve 36 to open and close. The irrigation controller 35 controls the number of irrigations and the irrigation amount per irrigation by opening and closing the electromagnetic valve 36. The irrigation controller 35 can set a solar radiation proportional coefficient that is an integrated amount of solar radiation and an irrigation time per irrigation. The unit of the solar radiation proportional coefficient is, for example, “MJ / m ² ”. The irrigation controller 35 measures the amount of solar radiation and integrates the measured amount of solar radiation. When the accumulated amount of solar radiation reaches the designated solar radiation proportional coefficient, the irrigation controller 35 performs irrigation from the irrigation tube 30 by opening the electromagnetic valve 36. That is, when the integrated amount of solar radiation per day is the same, the irrigation frequency per day decreases when the solar radiation proportional coefficient is set to a large value, and the irrigation frequency per day increases when it is set to a small value. Therefore, the cultivation system 1 can control the amount and frequency of irrigation according to the amount of solar radiation by the irrigation controller 35. The accumulated amount of solar radiation is reset to 0 when, for example, a specified time comes. The irrigation controller 35 can also have a regular irrigation function for irrigating at a specified time.

The electromagnetic valve 36 is a normally closed electromagnetic valve controlled by the irrigation controller 35. The electromagnetic valve 36 is also referred to as a solenoid valve or a solenoid valve. The solenoid valve 36 connects the supply system 3 and the irrigation tube 30. Since the electromagnetic valve 36 is smaller and lighter than the electric valve, the supply system 3 and the irrigation tube 30 can be easily connected. The electromagnetic valve 36 is opened and closed by a signal received from the irrigation controller 35. When performing irrigation, the irrigation controller 35 opens the electromagnetic valve 36 to supply nutrient solution or the like to the irrigation tube 30. Moreover, when stopping the irrigation, the irrigation controller 36 closes the electromagnetic valve 36 to stop the supply of the nutrient solution or the like to the irrigation tube 30.

In the cultivation system 1, the period from the fixed planting of the crop 40 to the medium 13 to the end of harvesting is divided into the following three stages, and irrigation is performed according to each stage. In addition, the amount of irrigation and the frequency | count are adjusted more concretely based on the amount of solar radiation as above-mentioned. By appropriately controlling the amount of irrigation such as nutrient solution at each stage, it is possible to achieve high sugar content and increase yield.
In addition, the integrated temperature described in the following stage is a value obtained by accumulating and adding the average temperature of each day from the planting date.
Stage 1: From planting to flowering of first fruit bunches (from planting to accumulated temperature of 500-700 ° C)
Stage 2: From the first floret flowering to the start of harvesting (from the first floret flowering to an accumulated temperature of 1500 to 2000 ° C.)
Stage 3: From the beginning of harvesting until the end of harvesting (from harvesting start to accumulated temperature 2000-6500 ° C day)

In stage 1, the irrigation controller 35 is set to perform irrigation at 20 to 120 ml per stock per day. The irrigation controller 35 irrigates the culture medium 13 according to the set value. By the way, in stage 1, the crop 40 has just been planted. The irrigation management requires special attention until the crop 40 is rooted in the culture medium 13. When wiping occurs only by irrigation from the irrigation tube 30, local irrigation is performed using a beaker or the like. In stage 2, the irrigation controller 35 is set to perform irrigation at 100 to 400 ml per strain per day. In stage 3, the irrigation controller 35 is set to perform irrigation at 200 to 400 ml per strain per day.

In common with Stages 1 to 3, when the amount of solar radiation is low, such as during the rainy season or autumn rain, the growth of the crop 40 tends to be stagnant. Therefore, the culture medium 13 tends to be in a humidified state. Therefore, it is preferable to frequently check the wetness of the medium 13 and adjust the irrigation amount so that the medium 13 is not humidified. In the cultivation system 1, the amount of irrigation is set to be smaller than the amount of irrigation in conventional crop cultivation in order to harvest high sugar content. Therefore, compared with the conventional cultivation method, the wilting of the crop 40 tends to occur. Therefore, in order to prevent the state where the crop 40 has been wilted from continuing for a long period of time, it is preferable that irrigation is performed at a stage where the wilting of the growing point of the crop 40 becomes a right angle. The solar radiation proportional coefficient of the irrigation controller 35 is set so that irrigation is executed at such timing.

Further, the fertilizer used in the cultivation system 1 is not particularly limited. For example, liquid fertilizer that has been used in conventional cultivation of agricultural crops (including soil culture, hydroponics, hydroponics, etc.) is used. be able to. Preferably, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) are included as main components, and magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), as other inorganic components, Manganese (Mn), boron (B), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo) are included, and silicon (Si), chlorine (Cl), aluminum (Al), sodium (Na) as subcomponents Etc. are preferably included. Moreover, you may further contain other physiologically active substances, sugars, such as glucose, an amino acid, etc. as needed. The concentration of each of these components and the concentration ratio thereof are in accordance with the values that are usually blended according to the type of crop 40.

Since the liquid fertilizer is normally absorbed by the plant in the form of ions, it is desirable to grasp the configuration by the amount of salts or ions in the nutrient solution, and in the cultivation of crops to which the cultivation system 1 is applied, at the time of application The electrical conductivity (EC) is preferably 1.0 to 2.0. Further, the pH is preferably 6.0 to 6.8 at the time of application.
When the liquid fertilizer is diluted in the

mixers

34a and 34b, the concentration of each component suitable for application, the EC and pH values are adjusted.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cultivation system 10 ... Cultivation bed 11 ... Multifilm 12 ... Fixed planting panel 12a ... Top surface 12b ... Hole 12c ... Hole spacing 12d ... Hole row 13 ... Medium DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 14 ... Water stop sheet 20 ... Grass prevention sheet 3 ... Supply system 30 ... Irrigation tube 31 ... Raw water tank 32 ...

Constant pressure pump

33a, 33b ... Fertilizer

stock solution tank

34a, 34b ... Mixer 35 ... Irrigation controller 36 ... Solenoid valve 40 ... Agricultural product 41 ... Root 42 ... Stem 50 ... Cultivation bed frame

Claims

A cultivation bed that defines a frame for planting crops in the field by a frame;
A water-stop sheet provided to cover the compartment and the frame;
A medium provided on the water-stop sheet in the compartment, on which the crops are planted; and
A planting panel provided so as to cover the medium, and having a through hole that defines a position where each crop is planted;
An irrigation tube connected to a supply system for supplying nutrient solution and water diluted with fertilizer and extending on the planting panel, wherein the nutrient solution and water are irrigated to the medium through the through-hole. Tubes,
Irrigation control means for adjusting the amount of nutrient solution or water supplied from the supply system to the irrigation tube based on the measured amount of solar radiation,
Crop cultivation system.
The thickness of the medium is 1 cm to 2 cm,
The crop cultivation system according to claim 1.
The interval between the holes for irrigating the nutrient solution and water of the irrigation tube is equal to the interval between the through holes,
The crop cultivation system according to claim 1 or 2.
The supply system and the irrigation tube are connected by a solenoid valve,
The irrigation control means opens and closes the electromagnetic valve by sending an instruction to the electromagnetic valve, and adjusts the amount of nutrient solution or water supplied to the irrigation tube,
The crop cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
Provided so as to cover the soil as the foundation of the field, further comprising a herbicidal sheet that inhibits the growth of plants,
The cultivation bed and the waterproof sheet are provided on the grass prevention sheet,
The crop cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
It is provided so as to cover the planting panel, and further includes a multi-film for preventing adhesion of dirt to the planting panel.
The cultivation system of the agricultural products as described in any one of Claims 1-5.
The supply system includes a constant pressure pump that keeps the pressure of the liquid flowing in the supply system constant.
The crop cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
A crop cultivation method using the crop cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The period from planting to flowering of the first fruit bunches is 20 to 120 ml / strain / day.
A crop characterized by irrigating at a rate of 100 to 400 ml / strain / day from the first fruit blossoming to the start of harvest, and from 200 to 400 ml / strain / day from the start of harvest to the end of harvest Cultivation method.