WO2016118042A1

WO2016118042A1 - Device for intense cultivation of oyster mushrooms and method for utilizing said devices (variants thereof)

Info

Publication number: WO2016118042A1
Application number: PCT/RU2015/000039
Authority: WO
Inventors: Сергей Васильевич ДРОЗДОВСКИЙ
Original assignee: Сергей Васильевич ДРОЗДОВСКИЙ
Priority date: 2015-01-22
Filing date: 2015-01-22
Publication date: 2016-07-28

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and specifically to the field of industrial mushroom cultivation. A device contains a movable platform on a wheeled chassis. One or a plurality of revolving rods are affixed, motionlessly and vertically, to the top surface of the platform. A base is affixed to each revolving rod. Installed vertically, one on top of the other on the base, are substrate units with securing tubes, which are vertically releasably fastened to one another in order to form a vertical growing column. Each substrate unit is assembled from an auxiliary cassette, inside of which are installed a latticed cage and a securing tube, the space between which is filled with a mycelium-containing substrate, allowing for the unhindered growth of mushrooms on the surface of said cage and for easy access to the mushrooms to be harvested following removal of the cassette. Following the spread of the mycelium, the auxiliary cassettes are removed, forming whole growing pillars until the mushrooms are full-size. The proposed device significantly increases the productivity of mushroom cultivation, and also increases the amount of mushrooms harvested per unit of productive area of a greenhouse.

Description

A device for intensive cultivation of oyster mushrooms and a method for using these devices (its variants).

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and specifically to the field of industrial cultivation of oyster mushrooms or other tree-growing mushrooms, for example, shiitake, mushrooms and other mushrooms as food for the population.

The invention can be used to create devices for an intensive high-performance method for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms in greenhouses with a controlled climate.

State of the art

As an analogue and prototype, a device for intensive cultivation of oyster mushrooms was selected. (See international application PCT / RU2015 / 000019 for the invention “A device for intensive cultivation of oyster mushrooms with a priority of January 19, 2015, author and applicant S. Drozdovsky, who is also the author and applicant of this application). The device comprises a platform on a wheeled chassis. On each platform, the estimated number of vertical support rods is installed. On each such rod, a pallet and a fixing tube of the substrate block are vertically fixed rotatably around the axis of the rod. In the substrate block, the auxiliary cassette is made of a collapsible cylinder-shaped sleeve with an open top and a continuous bottom at the bottom of the sleeve with a central hole in the bottom of this sleeve, a fixing tube is installed in this hole, fixed with a needle from the bottom to this bottom. Inside the cassette there is a lattice holder stuffed with a substrate seeded with oyster mushroom mycelium. On this block vertically mounted on each other, for example, two, three or more pieces of similar substrate blocks, forming a vertical fruiting column with a height of, for example, 2 * 5 meters. Moreover, all the fixing tubes in the column are vertically bonded to each other with their end connections. This column is supported vertically on a pallet with the possibility of its rotation together with the pallet and fixing tubes around the axis of its support rod. After removing the cassettes from the column, a whole fruiting column is formed from the substrate of all blocks connected (all blocks without cassettes) by germinating mycelium of oyster mushrooms until the growth of these mushrooms and the harvest of these mushrooms from these columns are completed. This ensures free access to any vertical surface of the column or the surface of the fruiting column during cultivation and harvesting of mushrooms. Technical effect: increasing the efficiency of intensive cultivation of oyster mushrooms with an increase in the commercial quality of the collected mushrooms and increasing the yield of the collection of oyster mushrooms collected from a unit of production area. The device significantly reduces damage to the embryo of mushrooms, optimizes the growth conditions of mushrooms, which increases the commercial quality of mushrooms. Increases labor productivity and the convenience of workers when they perform technological operations.

The disadvantages of the prototype: low density of columns and fruiting columns within the entire production area of greenhouses. For harvesting from different fruiting columns on any one platform, technological transitions from one column to another are necessary. This leads to an increase in the complexity of the cultivation and harvest of these mushrooms.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the claimed invention is: to increase the productivity of intensive cultivation and harvesting of oyster mushrooms, as well as increasing productivity per unit of production area compared to the specified prototype while maintaining the number of cultivated and harvested mushrooms.

The aim of the invention is: the creation of a more efficient device for intensive cultivation and harvest of oyster mushrooms with optimal conditions for the growth of oyster mushrooms with an increase in the yield of collected oyster mushrooms by increasing the density of columns or fruiting columns per unit of production area of greenhouses.

According to paragraph 1 of the claims, the goal is achieved in that the device for intensive cultivation of oyster mushrooms contains a platform on a wheeled chassis for rolling on the floor of this platform for sliding the platforms in rows and forming a process passage between these rows. On each platform, the estimated number of support rods is vertically installed. On each such rod, a pallet and a fixing tube are vertically worn (with the substrate block fixed to the tube from the bottom bottom, stuffed with the mycelium substrate for germination of oyster mushrooms). On this substrate block and on its fixing tube, vertically mounted on top of each other, for example, two, three or more pieces of similar substrate blocks (fixed vertically between each other by end connections of their fixing tubes). These substrate blocks form a vertical fruiting column with a height of, for example, 2 ... 2.5 meters. This column leans vertically on a pallet with the possibility of its rotation together with the pallet and fixing tubes around the axis of its support rod. After removing the cassettes from the column, a whole fruiting column is formed from the substrate of all blocks connected by the germinated oyster mushroom mycelium until the growth of these mushrooms is complete and these mushrooms are harvested from these columns. This ensures free access to any vertical surface of the column or the surface of the fruiting column during cultivation and harvesting of mushrooms.

The claimed device is different in that the estimated number of vertical carousel rods and carousels is installed on the platform to support columns or pillars of fruiting of oyster mushrooms, planted one carousel on each individual carousel stock. Each carousel is made in the form of a cross with several shoulders located radially in the horizontal plane of the cross at equal angles between any adjacent shoulders. Each such shoulder is fixedly mounted on the common sleeve of the carousel crosspiece with a hole in the center of this sleeve for mounting the crosspiece with this sleeve on the carousel rod with the possibility of turning this crosspiece in a horizontal plane around the axis of the carousel rod. On each radial arm of the carousel, one vertical support rod is installed to support a vertical column or fruiting column. On this support rod, a pallet and substrate blocks are installed with fixing tubes forming the specified vertical column or fruiting column (supported in vertical position by these fixing tubes with the possibility of their rotation on the carousel around the axis of their supporting rod). The number of carousels and the number of columns or fruiting columns on each carousel, as well as their location over the platform area, was made taking into account the formation of the maximum number of these columns or columns in the platform area with the possibility of conducting optimal cultivation of oyster mushrooms in each specified column or column to optimize cultivation processes and harvesting these mushrooms on the surface of any of these columns or pillars to increase yield from a unit of production area of greenhouses.

The technical effect consists in the fact that labor productivity and convenience for workers are significantly increased during technological operations during the cultivation and harvest of oyster mushrooms due to the constant comfortable access of workers' hands to any surface of columns or fruiting columns when working from one working position due to the rotation of the carousel with these columns or pillars with a minimum number of technological transitions of the worker when working at one carousel. According to paragraph 2 of the formula, the method of using the devices according to claim 1, is characterized in that, for example, the worker before carrying out the indicated work and harvesting the mushrooms takes up a workplace in front of the column or fruiting column nearest to it. Then the worker performs the indicated work or harvest of oyster mushrooms, for example, at the lower levels of all columns or fruiting posts on one carousel (turning the carousel and columns or columns as necessary). Then the worker (being in the same place) performs similarly technological work or harvesting mushrooms from an average level of the same columns or fruiting posts. After that, the worker (being at the same place), performs similarly technological work or harvesting mushrooms from the top level of the same columns or pillars. Then the worker moves closer to the next carousel with columns or columns of fruiting and performs similar work or harvesting mushrooms from all columns or columns of fruiting on this carousel.

An additional technical and economic effect of the method according to claim 2 is that the productivity of cultivation and harvesting of oyster mushrooms is significantly increased due to a significant reduction in the number of technological transitions, and the comfort of work conditions is also increased.

According to paragraph 3 of the formula, the method of using the devices according to claim 1 and / or claim 2 of the formula is characterized in that every two rows of platforms are shifted close to each other, forming paired rows of platforms without a technological passage between these rows. In this case, the technological passage is formed directly only between the paired rows of platforms, where they carry out maintenance, technological operations for the cultivation and harvest of oyster mushrooms on columns or fruiting posts formed on rotary devices accessible to workers in these technological passages between the paired rows of platforms.

In another embodiment, all rows of platforms are shifted closely without technological passages. In the area of the greenhouse, one or more reserve technological passages are left, and if necessary, the indicated work is left between two adjacent rows of platforms or a technological pass is formed. For this, one row of platforms is successively pushed apart to create this technological passage between two rows due to the use of the area of reserve technological passageways.

An additional technical and economic effect of the methods according to claim 2 and claim 3 is that with this method of arranging the platforms two or more times the number of technological passes is reduced. This increases the density of the number of columns or fruiting columns per unit of production area, which allows to increase the collection of mushrooms from a unit of production area of greenhouses.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The figure 1 of the drawing shows a platform with a right carousel installed on it.

Figure C shows a front view of this platform.

Figure A shows the left view of this platform.

Figure B shows a plan view of this platform.

Figure 2 shows a platform with two roundabouts with fruiting columns mounted on the right roundabout.

Figure F shows the front view of this platform.

Figure D shows the left view of this platform.

Figure E shows a plan view of this platform.

An embodiment of the invention.

Figure 1 in views A, B and C shows a platform 1 mounted on a wheeled chassis 2. In the center on the left half of the platform area, a motionless vertical rotary rod Za is mounted from above. In the center, on the surface of the right half of the area of this platform, a motionless vertical rotary rod Z3 is installed. The right carousel 4b is rotated (around this rod) on the stock shaft Z3. The carousel is made in the form of a six-arm cross with a central hub 5b. In the center from below, in this sleeve, a hole is made for fixing the carousel with the nozzle of this sleeve on the carousel rod Z3. On the side walls of this sleeve six arms 6b are rigidly fixed radially spaced horizontally at equal angles (between any pair of adjacent arms). At the end of each shoulder and in the center of the sleeve, one rod 7b is fixed motionless vertically. Any other carousel is similarly made and installed on its rotary stock.

Figure 2 shows a platform with the vertical carousel rods Za and Zb fixedly mounted on it. On the rod Za, a carousel 4a is rotated (around the axis of this rod), and on the rod Z3, a right carousel 4b. At the radial end of each shoulder and in the center on the sleeve of the left carousel 4a, support rods 7a with pallets 8a (mounted on these stocks). In views F and E, in assembly order (from left to right), stem 7a is shown. On each of the following three rods 7a (shown to the right), one fixing tube 9a is installed (shown without substrate blocks for clarity). The following three rods 7a (mounted to the right) show three substrate blocks 10a filled with a substrate with mycelium of oyster mushrooms 11a. Each such block is mounted on its pallet 8a and vertically fixed with its fixing tube 9a on its stem Za. On the right side of the platform, seven 12B fruit bearing columns are shown mounted on the 4b carousel. Each such column is formed of three substrate blocks 10b. Each lower substrate block of the specified column is mounted on its stock 3b on a pallet 8b. All three blocks of the specified column are mounted vertically on top of each other and are fixed vertically between each other by their fixing tubes 9b with the possibility of rotation of any such column with a pallet around the axis of its rod. Similarly, seven fruiting columns can be assembled on the left carousel 4a. For reliable support of all columns or fruiting pillars on the platform under each rod at the ends of each shoulder, it is preferable to install a support wheel, a hinge or a roller 13 for rolling the carousel when it rotates in a circle (around its carousel rod) with the support of each such column or column on the platform and by rolling all of these columns or pillars on a carousel on this platform using these wheels, hinges or rollers.

Options for working with these devices.

According to paragraph 2 of the formula, the methods of maintenance, technological operations of intensive cultivation and harvest of oyster mushrooms on these devices are as follows. Before carrying out the indicated work or harvesting the mushroom, the worker takes a work place in front of the column or fruiting column nearest to him on the carousel closest to him and on this column or column performs the indicated work or harvest of oyster mushrooms, for example, at the lower levels of all these columns or columns on one carousel (turning this carousel as needed). Then the worker (being in the same place) performs similarly technological work or harvesting mushrooms from an average level of the same columns or pillars. Then the worker (being in the same place) performs similarly technological work or harvesting mushrooms from the upper level of the same columns or pillars. Then the worker moves closer to the next carousel with columns or columns of fruiting and performs similar work or harvesting mushrooms from all of these columns or pillars on this carousel.

According to paragraph 3, the formulas for increasing the yield per unit area are shifted close to each other two rows of platforms, forming pairs of two rows without a technological passage between them. At the same time, technological passages are formed only between pairs of shifted rows of platforms to carry out the necessary technological work.

In another embodiment, all the rows of platforms are shifted closely without technological passages, one or more standby technological passages are left in the greenhouse area, and if necessary, the indicated passage is formed between two adjacent rows of platforms to form a technological passage, sequentially spreading along one row of platforms to create this technological passage between in two rows due to the use of the area of reserve technological walkways.

In these variants of the methods for carrying out all the indicated cultivation and harvesting of oyster mushrooms on these rotary devices, increased productivity, comfort and less fatigue of workers are achieved due to the multiple reduction in the number of working transitions along platforms, which significantly reduces the cost of production of oyster mushrooms with a large number of such devices . Placing the platforms in double rows without technological passages between these rows in the greenhouse provides a twofold reduction in the number of passages between adjacent rows of cultivated mushrooms, which accordingly allows to increase the yield per unit of production area.

Industrial applicability.

Currently, the invention has been tested experimentally, the device can be made of known materials using standard technologies.

Claims

Claim

1. Device for intensive cultivation of oyster mushrooms, containing a platform on a wheeled chassis for rolling on the floor of this platform with vertical support rods; on each rod a vertical pallet is put on, a substrate block is installed on the pallet (with a lattice holder stuffed with a substrate with oyster mushroom mycelium), with a fixing tube installed in the center of this block, put on top of this rod with the possibility of rotation of the pallet with the block and the fixing tube around the axis this stock; on this lower substrate block, two or more similar substrate blocks are mounted vertically on top of each other, fixed to each other by end detachable joints of their fixing tubes to form a vertical column (with auxiliary cassettes) or a fruiting column (with removed auxiliary cassettes) of height, for example, 2. ..2.5 meters installed with the possibility of rotation of this column or column with a pallet and a fixing tube around the axis of its support rod (for free access to any vertical the top of the cage on this column or to any vertical surface of this column when cultivating or harvesting oyster mushrooms), characterized in that the calculated number of vertical carousel rods and the corresponding number of carousels mounted rotary on these rods with the possibility of rotation of each carousel around the axis your carousel stock; each carousel is made in the form of a cross with a central sleeve and several arms fixedly mounted on this sleeve and located radially from the center of this sleeve in a horizontal plane at equal angles between any adjacent shoulders; this sleeve is made with a Central hole for the nozzle of the crosspiece with this sleeve on the specified carousel rod with the possibility of rotation of this cross in the horizontal plane around the axis of the carousel rod; on each radially remote end of the shoulder of the carousel there is one vertical support rod specified above for vertical holding of columns or fruiting posts, on each such rod there is a pallet on which a vertical column or fruiting column is mounted rotatably and mounted with the possibility of rotation on this support rod on shoulder carousel around the axis of this rod; the number of carousels and the number of columns or fruiting columns on each carousel, as well as their relative position in the platform area, was selected taking into account the formation of the maximum number of columns or fruiting columns (in the platform area and, accordingly, the greenhouse area) with the possibility of optimal cultivation and harvesting processes oyster mushrooms on the surface of any column or pillar of fruiting on this platform.

2. The method of using the devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, for example, a worker before carrying out the indicated work or harvesting mushrooms takes up a workplace in front of the column or fruiting column closest to it; then the worker performs the indicated work or harvest of oyster mushrooms, for example, at the lower levels of all columns or fruiting columns on one carousel (turning the carousel and these columns or columns as necessary); then the worker (being at the same place) performs similarly technological work or harvesting mushrooms from an average level of the same columns or fruiting posts; then the worker (being in the same place) performs similarly technological work or harvesting mushrooms from the top level of the same columns or pillars; after this, the worker moves closer to the next carousel with columns or columns of fruiting and performs similar work or harvesting mushrooms from all columns or columns of fruiting on this carousel.

3. The method of using the devices according to claim 1, and / or claim 2 of the formula, characterized in that every two rows of platforms are shifted close to each other, forming pairs of two rows without a technological passage between them, while forming technological passages only between pairs of shifted rows of platforms for the necessary technological work; in another embodiment, all rows of platforms are shifted closely without technological passages, one or more standby technological passages are left in the greenhouse area, and if necessary, the indicated passage is left or formed between two adjacent rows of platforms, or a technological pass is formed, sequentially spreading along one row of platforms to create this technological passage between two rows due to the use of the area of reserve technological passages.