WO2016116570A1 - Lichtemittierendes bauelement, verfahren zum herstellen eines lichtemittierenden bauelements und verfahren zum betreiben eines lichtemittierenden bauelements - Google Patents
Lichtemittierendes bauelement, verfahren zum herstellen eines lichtemittierenden bauelements und verfahren zum betreiben eines lichtemittierenden bauelements Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016116570A1 WO2016116570A1 PCT/EP2016/051250 EP2016051250W WO2016116570A1 WO 2016116570 A1 WO2016116570 A1 WO 2016116570A1 EP 2016051250 W EP2016051250 W EP 2016051250W WO 2016116570 A1 WO2016116570 A1 WO 2016116570A1
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- emitter material
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- electromagnetic radiation
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- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/221—Static displays, e.g. displaying permanent logos
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
- H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/50—OLEDs integrated with light modulating elements, e.g. with electrochromic elements, photochromic elements or liquid crystal elements
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- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/321—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3]
- H10K85/324—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3] comprising aluminium, e.g. Alq3
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
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- H10K2101/27—Combination of fluorescent and phosphorescent emission
Definitions
- the invention relates to a light-emitting component, to a method for producing a light-emitting component and to a method for operating a light-emitting component.
- an emitter layer is arranged between an anode and a cathode in which electromagnetic radiation is generated.
- OLEDs are, for example, the use as surface light sources in general lighting, as background lighting or pixels in displays or for displaying information on signs or displays (signage applications).
- the emitter layer is patterned after forming the OLED by means of a laser to represent the information in the OLED.
- the emitter layer is structured by using a condensed resist gas with subsequent lift-off pattering.
- the representation of the information by means of partial modification of the Inj etechnischsteil of charge carriers of one of the electrodes is realized in the emitter layer.
- the information is displayed by means of a series connection of individually shaped OLED elements.
- the usual methods are relatively expensive and technically demanding, especially for signage applications.
- the object of the invention is to provide a light-emitting component, a method for producing a light-emitting component and a method for operating a light-emitting component, with which information can be displayed in an electrically switchable manner, and which can be formed in a technically simple manner.
- a light-emitting component having an emitter layer, wherein the emitter layer has a first emitter material and a second emitter material.
- the emitter layer has at least one predetermined first display area and a second display area.
- the first display region comprises the first emitter material and the second emitter material, and the second display region comprises the first emitter material and is substantially free of the second emitter material.
- the first emitter material has at least a first excited state and a second excited state, the second excited state being energetically above the first excited state, and emitting a first electromagnetic radiation upon transition from the first excited state to the ground state of the first emitter material
- the second emitter material has at least one excited state, wherein a second electromagnetic radiation is emitted during the transition from the excited state of the second emitter material to the ground state of the second emitter material.
- An occupation of the excited state of the second emitter material takes place essentially by means of an energy transfer from the second excited state of the first emitter material to the excited state of the second emitter material such that a mixed light of first electromagnetic radiation and second electromagnetic radiation is emissable from the first display region, and the light that is emanatable from the second display area is substantially free of second electromagnetic radiation.
- the second excited state of the first emitter material is not formed by direct electron-hole recombination.
- the occupation of the second excited state of the first emitter material takes place, for example indirectly, for example by a triplet triplet annihilation of two adjacent excited molecules of the first emitter material. This partially forms a third excited state, which is energetically above the second excited state, wherein the third excited state passes through energy transfer in the second excited state.
- An excited state is an excited state in the energized and deenergized state of the light-emitting device.
- a display area of a light-emitting device is an area for displaying information.
- the light-emitting component has at least two display areas, for example a multiplicity of display areas.
- the plurality of display areas has at least a first display area and a second display area, for example, a plurality of first display areas and a plurality of second display areas.
- a single display area shows resp. the individual display areas each have a dimension which is large enough, for example at least a few pm 2 to m 2 , that the information displayed in the respective display area can be perceived optically on its own, for example with the naked eye.
- a display area is perceptible as an area indicating discrete information, for example, with respect to a directly adjacent display area.
- the first emitter material or an optional matrix material (as will be described in more detail below) of the emitter layer is substantially full-surface doped with a phosphorescent first emitter material.
- the matrix material of the emitter layer is additionally doped with a high-energy second emitter material.
- the excited, light-emitting state of the higher-energy, second emitter material is occupied so that the second emitter material also emits light (second electromagnetic radiation).
- the overall brightness of the emitted light of the light-emitting device is increased.
- the emitted light of the first display region has a different color than the emitted light of the second display region, in the case where the first electromagnetic radiation and the second electromagnetic radiation are different in color.
- a lowering of the electric current ⁇ below the threshold value causes the light-emitting component in turn to glow homogeneously monochromatically.
- the process described is therefore reversible as often as desired.
- the threshold value depends on the occupation probability of the first excited state of the first emitter material, on the rate of the triplet Triplet annihilation, the used
- the threshold value can be determined empirically for a light-emitting component.
- the threshold value may be, for example, a current density greater than or equal to 1 mA / cm 2 , for example greater than or equal to 10 mA / cm 2 , for example greater than or equal to 50 mA / cm 2 ,
- the light-emitting component By means of the light-emitting component thus information, for example for signage applications, without complex structuring processes of the emitter layer can be displayed.
- the second emitter material can be embedded in the first display area, for example by means of a simple shadow mask process during the production of the emitter layer in the matrix material.
- a light emitting device having a very simple structure with a single emitter layer may be sufficient.
- the structure of the light-emitting component makes it possible to continuously switch on and off the display of information, for example a logo, a symbol, a pictogram or a lettering, electrically.
- the first emitter material furthermore has at least one third excited state, which is higher in energy than the second excited state.
- the second excited state can be occupied from the third excited state.
- the occupation of the second excited state can be done for example by internal conversion.
- the third excited state is occupied by a bimolecular extinguishing process of first excited states.
- the emitter layer has a matrix material, wherein the first emitter material and the second emitter material are distributed in the matrix material.
- the light which can be emitted by the second display region has essentially only the first electromagnetic radiation.
- the energy level of the excited state of the second emitter material is between the energy level of the first excited state and the energy level of the second excited state of the first emitter material. According to a development, the energy difference of the excited state of the second emitter material to the ground state of the second emitter material is greater than the energy difference of the first excited state of the first emitter material to the ground state of the first emitter material.
- the first electromagnetic radiation and the second electromagnetic radiation have a different color location.
- the second electromagnetic radiation has a shorter wavelength range than the first electromagnetic radiation.
- the first display area and the second display area are arranged next to one another, for example in a plane of the emitter layer.
- the first emitter material is a phosphorescent material
- the first electromagnetic radiation is a phosphorescent light.
- the phosphorescent light has a relatively long cooldown, such as a cooldown greater than
- the number of occupied, excited states of the second emitter material can be increased.
- the second emitter material is a fluorescent material
- the second electromagnetic radiation is a fluorescent Lich.
- the fluorescent light has a relatively short cooldown, for example, a cooldown of less than 100 ns.
- the first display area and the second display area are arranged relative to one another such that a predetermined information can be displayed by means of the arrangement in the energized operation of the light-emitting component.
- the arrangement of the first display area and the second display area relative to one another takes the form of a lettering, a pictogram, a logo, an ideogram and / or a symbol.
- the second emitter material is homogeneously distributed in the first display area in the matrix material.
- the second emitter material is distributed inhomogeneously in the matrix material in the first display region. This allows a physiologically pleasing perception of
- the first display region has a number density gradient at the second emitter material in the matrix material.
- the object is achieved according to a further aspect of the invention by a method for producing a light-emitting component with an emitter layer.
- the formation of the emitter layer takes place with a first emitter material and a second emitter material.
- the emitter layer is formed at least with a predetermined first display area and a second display area.
- the first emitter material and the second emitter material are arranged, and in the second display region, the first emitter material is arranged and the second display region is substantially free of the second emitter material.
- the first emitter material has at least a first excited state and a second excited state, wherein the second excited state is energetically above the first excited state, and at the transition from the first excited state into the first excited state
- the second emitter material has at least one excited state on, wherein the transition from the excited state of the second emitter material in the ground state of the second emitter material, a second electromagnetic radiation is emitted.
- An occupation of the excited state of the second emitter material takes place essentially by means of an energy transfer from the second excited state of the first emitter material to the excited state of the second emitter material such that a mixed light of first electromagnetic radiation and second electromagnetic radiation is emissable from the first display region, and the light that is emissable from the second display area is substantially free of second electromagnetic radiation. This allows a simple production of a light-emitting component with electrically switchable information representation.
- the object is achieved according to a further aspect of the invention by a method for operating a light-emitting component according to one of the above-mentioned developments.
- the method comprises forming an electric current having a current density through the emitter layer, wherein at the current density, the first emitter material emits the first electromagnetic radiation and the second emitter material is non-light emitting.
- the current density is lower than a threshold value, wherein from the threshold value, an occupation of the excited state of the second emitter material with electrons takes place to a significant extent.
- the method further comprises changing the current density to a second current density, wherein at the second current density, the first emitter material emits the first electromagnetic radiation and the second emitter material emits the second electromagnetic radiation.
- the second current density is greater than the threshold.
- Component according to various developments illustrates different modes of operation of a light-emitting device according to a
- Embodiment illustrates different modes of operation of a light-emitting device according to another embodiment
- FIG. 1 illustrates a flowchart of a method for producing a light-emitting component according to various developments.
- connection As used herein, the terms “connected,” “connected,” and “coupled” are used to describe both direct and indirect connection, direct or indirect connection, and direct or indirect coupling.
- connection As used herein, the terms “connected,” “connected,” and “coupled” are used to describe both direct and indirect connection, direct or indirect connection, and direct or indirect coupling.
- identical or similar elements are provided with identical reference numerals, as appropriate.
- a light emitting device may comprise one, two or more light emitting devices.
- a light-emitting component may also have one, two or more electronic components.
- An electronic component may have, for example, an active and / or a passive component.
- An active electronic component may have, for example, a computing, control and / or regulating unit and / or a transistor.
- a passive electronic component may, for example, comprise a capacitor, a resistor, a diode or a coil.
- a light-emitting component may be a semiconductor device emitting electromagnetic radiation and / or a diode emitting electromagnetic radiation, a diode emitting organic electromagnetic radiation, a transistor emitting electromagnetic radiation or a transistor emitting organic electromagnetic radiation.
- the light emitted by the light-emitting component is an electromagnetic radiation, for example light in the visible wavelength range, UV light and / or infrared light.
- the light-emitting device may be formed, for example, as a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a light emitting transistor or an organic light emitting transistor.
- the light emitting device may be part of an integrated circuit in various embodiments.
- a plurality of light-emitting components may be provided, for example housed in a common housing.
- the light-emitting component can be, for example, a display, a pixel or a backlight of a display.
- the light-emitting component is a general lighting and / or a surface light source, or a part of such.
- the light-emitting component has a large area, flat or bendable.
- the light-emitting component is designed in a so-called bottom-emitter design, top emitter design, bidirectionally emitting design and / or transparent.
- the light emitted by the light emitting device is detected by, for example, the Carrier (Bottora emitter); in the direction of the side facing away from the carrier (top emitter) in both directions (bidirectional) or in several or many directions (omnidirectional) emitted simultaneously or sequentially.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic plan view and a sectional view A-A of a light-emitting component 100 according to various developments.
- the top view of the light-emitting component 100 illustrates that the light-emitting component has a light-emitting area with a first display area 102 and a second display area 104.
- the sectional view A-A it is illustrated that the light-emitting device 100 has at least one carrier 106, a first electrode layer 108, an organic functional layer structure 120 and a second electrode layer 116.
- the first electrode layer 108 is formed on the carrier 106.
- the first electrode layer 108 may cover a main surface of the carrier 106 substantially over the entire surface.
- the organic functional layer structure 120 is formed on the first electrode layer 108.
- the organically functional layered structure 120 is physically and electrically connected to the first electrode layer 108.
- the organically functional layer structure 120 may cover a main area of the first electrode layer 108 over substantially the entire area, except for a contact area of the light-emitting component 100.
- the organic electrode layer structure 120 has the second electrode layer 116 formed thereon.
- the second electrode layer 116 may be a main surface of the organic functional layer structure 120 substantially Cover the whole area.
- the second electrode layer 116 can be partially formed on the carrier 106, for example in the contact region of the light-emitting component 100.
- the second electrode layer 116 is physically and electrically connected to the organically functional layer structure 120.
- the second electrode layer 116 is electrically insulated from the first electrode layer 108 and disposed at a distance therefrom.
- the organic functional layered structure 120 is electrically connected to the first electrode layer 108 and the second electrode layer 116, and sandwiched between the first electrode layer 108 and the second electrode layer 116.
- the organically functional layer structure 120 of the light-emitting component 100 is designed to emit an electromagnetic radiation from an electrical energy provided by the electrode layer 108, 116.
- the organically functional layer structure 120 of the light-emitting component 100 is designed to emit an electromagnetic radiation from an electrical energy provided by the electrode layer 108, 116.
- Layer structure 120 has, for example, at least one light-emitting layer 112, also referred to as emitter layer 112.
- Emitter layer 112 has a matrix material 122 in which at least a first emitter material 124 and a second emitter material 126 are embedded.
- the emitter layer 112 is structured such that it has a first display area 102 and a second display area 104.
- the first display area 102 is arranged laterally in the emitter layer next to the second display area 104, and vice versa.
- the first display area 102 is surrounded by the second display area 104.
- the matrix material 122 is substantially optically transparent.
- the first emitter material 124 is arranged to emit a first electromagnetic radiation 128 and the second emitter material 126 to a Emitting a second electromagnetic radiation 130 set up.
- the light-emitting component 100 is illustrated in the so-called top emitter configuration, in which light is not emitted by the carrier 106 but by the second electrode layer 116.
- light emitted by the light-emitting component 100 is transmitted through the light emitting device 100 Carrier 106 emitted, for example, in which the light-emitting device 100 is formed in a so-called bottom-emitter design and / or formed bidirectional or omnidirectional light-emitting.
- the light-emitting component 100 is designed to be transparent.
- the emitter layer 112 is structured in such a way that the first display region 102 has the first emitter material 124 and the second emitter material 126, and the second display region 104 has the first emitter material 124 and is substantially free of second emitter material 126 Emitter material 124 in the first display area a matrix for the second emitter material 126.
- a matrix material 122 and the emitter layer 112 is structured such that the first display area 102 embedded in the matrix material 122, the first emitter material 124th and the second emitter material 126, and the second display region 104 embedded in the matrix material 122, the first emitter material 124 is on and substantially free of second emitter material 126.
- the light emitting device 100 is structured such that in b between the first display area 102, a mixed light 132 is emissive, wherein the mixed light 132 at least the first electromagnetic Radiation 128 and the second electromagnetic radiation 130; and the light generated in the second display region 104 or the light emitted therefrom is substantially free of second electromagnetic radiation 130, for example by essentially only first electromagnetic radiation 128 being able to be emitted from the second display region 104.
- the first emitter material 124 may emit the first electromagnetic radiation 128 by means of an electric current from the first electrode layer 108 through the organic functional layer structure 120 to the second electrode layer 116 (or vice versa).
- the first electromagnetic radiation 128 is generated essentially by means of electroluminescent excitation of the first emitter material 124.
- the second emitter material 126 is selected with respect to the first emitter material 124 such that the second emitter material 126 is transferred by means of a transition from an excited state of the first emitter material 124 to an excited state of the second emitter material 126, for example by means of an intermolecular energy transfer from one through triplet Triplet annihilation and subsequent internal conversion produced the excited state of the first emitter material 124 into an excited state.
- the second electromagnetic radiation 130 is generated by means of a transition from this excited state of the second emitter material 126 to the ground state of the second emitter material 126. In other words, the second electromagnetic radiation 130 is generated from an excited state of the first emitter material 124 substantially by indirect excitation of the second emitter material 124.
- the method of generating the electromagnetic radiation 128, 130 will be described in more detail below.
- the carrier 106 according to various developments described above, for example, as a film or a Sheet metal formed.
- the carrier 106 comprises or is formed from a glass or a plastic.
- the carrier 106 may be formed electrically conductive, for example, as a metal foil or a glass or Kunststoffsubs rat 106 with a conductor pattern.
- the carrier 106 comprises or is formed from glass, quartz, and / or a semiconductor material.
- the carrier 106 comprises or is formed from a plastic film or a laminate with one or more plastic films.
- the carrier 106 may be transparent.
- the carrier 106 is mechanically flexible, for example, bendable, bendable or formable.
- the carrier 106 is configured as a foil or a metal sheet.
- the carrier 106 has at least one mechanically rigid, non-flexible region.
- the first electrode layer 108 and / or the second electrode layer 116 may be electrically conductively connected to an electrically conductive carrier 106.
- a contacting of the first electrode layer 108 and / or the second electrode layer 116 by the carrier 106 can take place, which simplifies the contacting of the optoelectronic assembly 100.
- the first electrode layer 108 may be transparent with respect to the light emitted from the organic functional layer structure 120.
- the first electrode layer 108 and the second electrode layer 116 may be the same or different.
- the first electrode layer 108 is formed as an anode, that is, as a hole-injecting electrode, or as a cathode, that is to say as an electron-injecting electrode.
- the first electrode layer 108 is transparent when emitted by the carrier 106, for example, a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) or a thin metal layer, for example, having a thickness of less than 100 nra.
- TCO transparent conductive oxide
- the second electrode layer 116 may in this case be opaque, for example reflective, for example of a metal.
- the first electrode layer 108 is formed, for example, from ITO.
- transparent conductive oxides are zinc oxide, tin oxide, cadmium oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide, ternary metal oxygen compounds such as Zn2SnO4, CdSnO3, ZnSnO3, Mgln20, GalnO3, Zn20, In205 or In4Sn3012 or mixtures of different transparent conductive oxides (TCO) to the groups of the TCOs ,
- the organically functional layer structure 120 (for example, at least in each case) has a hole injection layer, a
- the layers of the organically functional layer structure 120 may have application-specific usual layer thicknesses and materials.
- the layers of the organic functional layer structure 120 may be disposed between the electrode layers 108, 116 such that, during operation, electrical charge carriers may flow from the first electrode layer 108 through the organic functional layer structure 120 into the second electrode layer 116, and vice versa.
- the organically functional layer structures 120 may have one or more emitter layers 112, for example with fluorescent and / or phosphorescent ones
- the emitter materials 124, 126 can without matrix material, ie, matrix-free, for example by Koverdampfens, the
- the emitter layer 112 is formed with first emitter material 124 and second emitter material 126.
- the first emitter material 124 is formed substantially completely over the entire area on or above the first electrode layer 108, for example deposited.
- the second emitter material 126 is only formed in the first display area 102 together with the first emitter material 124 in the matrix material 122, for example by means of co-evaporation by a shadow mask process, a screen printing process, a pad printing process or an ink jet printing process of the second emitter material on the first emitter material 124
- the emitter layer 112 is formed by means of a doping of a matrix material 122 with emitter material 124, 126.
- the matrix material 122 is formed essentially completely over the entire area, for example, on or above the first electrode layer 108.
- the first emitter material 124 is substantially completely embedded in the matrix material 122, for example, the matrix material 122 is doped with the first emitter material 124, for example by means of a co-evaporation process of the first emitter material 124 and the matrix material.
- the second emitter material 126 is embedded in the matrix material 122 only in the first display region 102 together with the first emitter material 124, for example by co-evaporation by a shadow mask process, a screen printing process, a pad printing process or an ink jet printing process of the second emitter material onto the matrix material.
- an emitter layer having a first emitter material 124, such as a phosphorescent emitter material, doped with a second emitter material 126, such as a fluorescent emitter material means that the volume fraction of first emitter material 124 at the emitter layer 112 is greater than the volume fraction of the second emitter material 126 at the emitter layer 112.
- the first emitter material 124 is thus the majority component and the second emitter material 126 is the minority component with respect to the emitter material in the emitter layer.
- the volume fraction of the second emitter material 126 is less than 0.5 times the volume fraction of the first emitter material 124, for example less than 0.25 times, for example less than 0.10 times, for example less than 0..0 times, for example less than 0. , 025 times, for example, less than 0, Olfache, for example, less than 0, OOlfache, for example, less than the 0, OOOlfache.
- the excitation of the second emitter material 126 by the first emitter material 124 is made possible.
- the matrix material 122 may have a larger or smaller volume fraction at the emitter layer than the first emitter material 124.
- the matrix material 122 consists of or comprises a monomeric organic molecule or a polymer.
- polymeric matrix materials are: polyolefins (eg, high or low density polyethylene or PE), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polyester, polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethersulfone (PES ), Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN),
- PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate
- PI polyimide
- PEEK polyether ketones
- POMS polydimethylsiloxane
- the first emitter phosphorescent material 124 and the second emitter emitter 126 material may be selected from one another into colorants and phosphors, using conventional tables, for example, by means of the Jablonski diagrams of the dyes and phosphors.
- the first emitter material 124 comprises a phosphorescent material: concrete examples of suitable first emitter materials 124 are: bis (3,5-difluoro-2- (2-pyridyl) phenyl- (2-carboxypyridyl) iridium (III) (FIrPic Bis (2,4-difluorophenylpyridinato) tetrakis (1-pyrazolyl) borates
- iridium (III) (FIr6); faciridium (III) tris (1-phenyl-3-methylbenzimidazolin- 2 -ylidene-C, C2 ') (fac-Ir (Pmb) 3); mer iridium (III) tris (1-phenyl-3-methylbenzimidazolin-2-ylidene-C, C2 ') (mer-Ir (Pmb) 3); Bis (2,4-difluorophenylpyridinato) (5- (pyridin-2-yl) -tetrazolates) iridium (III) (FIrN4), bis (3-trifluoromethyl-5- (2-pyridyl) yrazoles) (( 2,4-difluorobenzyl) diphenylphosphinates) iridium (III)
- the second emitter material 126 comprises at least one fluorescent material or is formed therefrom, for example from one of the following organic dye classes: acridine, acridone, anthraquinone, anthracene, cyanine, dansyl, squaryllium, spiropyrane, boron-dipyrromethane (BODIPY), perylenes , Pyrene, Naphtalene, Flavine, Pyrrole, Porphrine and Their Metal Complexes, Diarylmethane, Triarylmethane, Nitro, Nitroso, Phthalocyanine, Quinone, Azo, Indophenol, Oxazines, Oxazones, Thiazines, Thiazoles, Xanthenes, Fluorenes, Flurones, Pyronines, Rhodamines, Coumarins, ,
- the second electrode layer 116 may be reflective.
- the second electrode layer 116 comprises an electrically conductive material, for example a metal. Suitable metals
- the second electrode layer 116 is transparent with respect to the light emitted and / or absorbed by the emitter layer 112.
- second electrode layer 116 comprises a transparent conductive oxide of one of the following materials: for example metal oxides: for example zinc oxide, tin oxide, cadmium oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide or indium tin oxide (ITO). Alternatively or additionally.
- the second electrode layer has a layer thickness in the range from a monolayer to 500 nm, for example from less than 25 nm to 250 nm, for example from 50 nm to 100 nm.
- the light-emitting component 100 has an encapsulation structure (not illustrated).
- the encapsulation structure is designed such that the light-emitting component 100 is hermetically sealed with respect to a diffusion of a substance chemically reactive or dissolving with respect to the organic functional layer structure 120 through the encapsulation structure into the organic functional layered structure 120.
- the organically functional layered structure 120 is hermetically sealed by means of the encapsulation structure with respect to a diffusion of at least one substance which is harmful to the organically functional layered structure 120, for example water, sulfur, oxygen and / or their compounds.
- a hermetically sealed encapsulation structure has a diffusion rate with respect to water and / or oxygen of less than about 10 g / (md), for example in a range of about 10 g / (md) to about 10 g / (md), for example xn one range from about 10 g / (md) to about 10 g / (md).
- a hermetically sealed substance or a hermetically-tight substance mixture comprises or is formed from a ceramic, a metal and / or a metal oxide.
- the encapsulation structure has a barrier thin layer, a
- the encapsulation structure surrounds the first electrode layer 108, the organic functional layer structure 120 and the second electrode layer 116.
- the barrier film comprises or is formed from any of the following materials: alumina, zinc oxide, zirconia, titania, hafnia, tantalum, lanthania, silica, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide), nylon 66, as well as mixtures and alloys thereof.
- the input / output layer has a matrix and scattering centers with respect to the electromagnetic radiation distributed therein, the mean refractive index of the coupling-in / out layer being greater or smaller than the average refractive index of the layer from which the electromagnetic radiation is provided.
- one or more antireflection layers may additionally be provided in the organic optoelectronic assembly.
- the bonding layer is formed of an adhesive or a varnish.
- a connecting layer made of a transparent material has particles which scatter electromagnetic radiation, for example light-scattering particles.
- the connecting layer acts as a scattering layer, which leads to an improvement in the color angle distortion and the coupling-out efficiency.
- an electrically insulating layer (not shown) is formed between the second electrode layer 116 and the connection layer, for example SiN, for example with a layer thickness in a range from approximately 300 nm to approximately 1.5 ⁇ m, for example with a layer thickness in one Range from about 500 nm to about 1 pm to protect electrically unstable materials, for example, during a nas schematic process.
- the layer of getter comprises or is formed from a material that absorbs and binds substances that are detrimental to the electrically active region, such as water vapor and / or oxygen.
- a getter comprises or is formed from a zeolite derivative.
- the layer with getter has a layer thickness of greater than approximately 1 pm, for example a layer thickness of several pm.
- the cover is formed or arranged. The cover is connected to the second electrode layer 116 by means of the connection layer and protects the first electrode layer 108, the organic functional layer structure 120 and the second electrode layer 116 from harmful substances.
- the cover is for example a glass cover, a
- the glass cover is connected, for example, by means of a frit bonding / glass soldering / seal glass bonding by means of a conventional glass solder in the geometric edge regions of the organic optoelectronic component.
- contact surfaces by means of which the light-emitting component 100 can be connected to a component-external electrical energy source (not illustrated) are provided. The contact surfaces are arranged outside the encapsulation structure and electrically connected by the encapsulation structure with the electrode layers 108, 116, for example by means of electrically conductive and electrically conductive connection layers.
- the electrically conductive connection layers have, for example, a layer sequence, for example: Mo / Al / Mo; Cr / Al / Cr or Ag / Mg; or are formed of a single layer, for example AI.
- a first electrical potential can be applied.
- the first electrical potential is provided by the device-external electrical energy source, for example a current source or a voltage source.
- the first electrical potential is applied to an electrically conductive carrier 106 and indirectly electrically supplied to the first electrode layer 108 by the carrier 106.
- the first electrical potential is, for example, the ground potential or another predetermined reference potential.
- a second electrical potential can be applied.
- the second electrical potential is provided by the same or another component-external electrical energy source as the first electrical potential.
- the second electrical potential is different from the first electrical potential.
- the second electric potential has a value such that the difference with the first electric potential is in a range of about 1.5 V to about 20 V, for example, a value in a range of about 2.5 V bis about 15 V, for example, a value in a range of about 3 V to about 12 V.
- individual electrically conductive layers that are not directly one should have physical contact, but indirectly to be electrically connected to each other, physically separated by an electrical insulation structure.
- the insulating structure has, for example, a resist or is formed therefrom, for example a polyimide.
- a Jablonski scheme 200 bz a Jablonski diagram 200 for the first emitter material 124 and the second emitter material 126 schematically illustrates a light-emitting device according to various
- first, second or third excited state merely serve to describe the excitation process, and are not intended to indicate the energetic position of the excited states relative to one another or with respect to further non-written states and / or transition processes.
- the first emitter material 124 has a ground state S 0 (l).
- the ground state S 0 (1) is, for example, a singlet state.
- the first emitter material 124 has a first excited state.
- the first excited state is, for example, a triplet state IN (1). In various embodiments, this state may also have a higher multiplicity and be, for example, a quintet or septate state.
- the first emitter material 124 may be phosphorescent. In a transition (illustrated in FIG. 2 by means of the arrow 202) from the first excited state Ti (1) to the ground state So (1), the first electromagnetic radiation 128 is generated. In other words ⁇ .
- the first electromagnetic radiation 128 is a phosphorescent radiation.
- the first emitter material 124 further has a second excited state S n (1).
- the second excited state For example, S n (1) is a singlet state.
- the second excited state S n (1) lies energetically above the first excited state Ti (1).
- TTA triplet triplet curvature
- an electron can transition from the first excited state Ti (1) among other things to the second excited state S n (1) by means of a triplet triplet curvature (TTA) 2 (by means of the arrow 204), which may be a bimolecular process in which, in addition to the second excited state S n (1), a further state of higher multiplicity arises.
- TTA triplet triplet curvature
- the first emitter material 124 further includes a third excited state Si (1).
- the third excited state Si (1) is a singlet state, for example.
- the third excited state Si (1) lies energetically between the second excited state S n (1) and the first excited state Ti (1).
- An electron can transition from the second excited state to the third excited state by means of internal conversion, that is to say radiationless (illustrated in FIG. 2 by means of the arrow 206).
- the second emitter material 126 has a ground state S c (2).
- the ground state So (2) is a singlet state, for example.
- the second emitter material 126 has an excited state Si (2).
- the excited state Si (2) is a singlet state, for example.
- the second emitter material 126 may be fluorescent.
- the second electromagnetic radiation 130 is generated in a transition (illustrated in FIG. 2 by means of the arrow 210) from the excited state Si ⁇ 2) of the second emitter material of the 126 to the ground state S 0 (2) of the second emitter material.
- the second electromagnetic radiation 130 is generated in a transition (illustrated in FIG. 2 by means of the arrow 210) from the excited state Si ⁇ 2) of the second emitter material of the 126 to the ground state S 0 (2) of the second emitter material.
- the second electromagnetic radiation 130 is a fluorescence radiation.
- the excited state Si (2) of the second emitter material 126 is energetically between the second excited state Sn (1) and / or the third excited state Si (1) of the first emitter material 124 and the first excited state Ti (1) of the first emitter material 124.
- the second emitter material 126 is in close proximity to the first emitter material 124, such as in the first Display region 102 (see FIG. 1) may have a transition (illustrated in FIG. 2 by arrow 208) of one electron from the third excited state S-_ (1) of the first emitter material 124 z to the excited state Si (2) of the second Emitter material 126.
- the second emitter material 126 emits second electromagnetic radiation 13 0 by means of a cascade-like excitation process of the first
- Emitter material 124 is not directly excited by means of an electric current from the first electrode layer 108 through the organic functional layer structure 120 to the second electrode layer 116.
- the occupation of the light-emitting state Si (2) of the second emitter material 126 is achieved by the concept of triplet triplet annihilation at the transition 2 04 from the first excited state Ti (1) to the second excited state S n (1) of the first Emitter material 124 is used.
- the first emitter material 124 is selected such that the light-emitting first excited state Ti (1) has a higher multiplicity than the ground state S 0 (1), for example, the first emitter material 124 is a triplet emitter with a long phosphorescence decay time.
- the decay time is greater than 10 ps, for example greater than 50 ps, for example greater than 100 ⁇ , for example greater than 1 ms.
- Such a decay time can be realized, for example, by means of PtOEP or a europium compound as the first emitter material 124.
- PtOEP or a europium compound as the first emitter material 124.
- the triplets erase to form higher energy states (molecules in excited states of other spin multiplicity), preferably one another.
- TTA triplet triplet annihilation
- the state S n (1) then passes, for example by internal conversion, into the energetically lower state Si (I) with identical spin multiplicity.
- the second emitter material 126 is selected with respect to the first emitter material 124 such that the second emitter material 126 has a singlet excited singlet state Si (2) energetically below the state S n (1) generated by TTA and subsequent internal conversion, ie, energetically below of the second excited state S n (1).
- the excited state Si ⁇ 2) of the second emitter material 126 can then be occupied by intermolecular energy transfer processes from S n (1) and then radiantly decay by emission of the second electromagnetic radiation 130 (ie, an electron passes into an energetically lower state while emitting electromagnetic radiation ).
- the second emitter material 126 has a higher emission energy (energy of the junction 210) than the first emitter material 124 for the transition 202 from the first excited state to the ground state, whereby the resulting color of the emitted light in the first display region 102 changes, for example, resulting from the overburden the first electromagnetic radiation 128, for example red, and the second electromagnetic Radiation 130, for example green, a mixed light 132, such as a yellow light.
- the light emitting device 100 has an emitter layer 112.
- the emitter layer 112 includes a first emitter material 124 and a second emitter material 126.
- the emitter layer 112 has at least one predetermined first display area 102 and a second display area 104.
- the first display region 102 includes the first emitter material 124 and the second emitter material 126.
- the second display region 104 includes the first emitter material 124 and is substantially free of the second emitter material 126.
- the first emitter material 124 has at least a first excited state Tl (1) and a second excited state Sl (1), the second excited state State Sl (1) is energetically above the first excited state Tl (1), and at the transition 202 of an electron from the first excited state Tl (1) to the ground state SO (1) of the first emitter material 124, a first electromagnetic radiation 128 is emitted ,
- the second emitter material 126 has at least one excited state Sl (2), wherein at the transition 210 of an electron from the excited state Sl (2) of the second emit ermaterials 126 in the ground state SO (2) of the second emitter material 126, a second e1ektromagnetician radiation 130th is emitted.
- An occupation of the excited state Sl (2) of the second emitter material 126 is essentially by means of an energy transfer 208 from the second excited Zus and Sl (1) of the first emitter material 124 to the excited state Sl (2) of the second emitter material 126th
- is off the first display area 102 is a Mischlich 132 of the first electromagnetic radiation 128 and second electromagnetic radiation 130 can be emitted.
- the light that is emanatable from the second display region 104 is substantially free of second electromagnetic radiation 130.
- the first emitter material 124 furthermore has at least one third excited state Sn (1), which lies energetically above the second excited state Sl (1), the second excited state S1 ⁇ 1) being from the third excited state Sn (1 ⁇ . is occupied, for example by internal conversion.
- the third excited state Sn (1) is occupied by a bimolecular extinguishing process of first excited states T1 (1).
- the emitter layer 112 has a matrix material 122, wherein the first emitter material 124 and the second emitter material 126 are distributed in the matrix material 122.
- the light which can be emitted by the second display region 104 has essentially only the first electromagnetic radiation 128.
- the energy level of the excited state Sl (2) of the second emitter material 126 is energetically between the energy level of the first excited state Tl (1) and the energy level of the second excited state Sl (1) of the first emitter material 124.
- the energy difference of the excited state Sl (2) of the second emitter material 126 to the ground state and SO (2) of the second emitter material 126 is greater than the energy difference of the first excited state Tl (1) of the first emitter material 124 to the ground state SO (FIG. 1) of the first emitter material 12.
- the first emitter material 124 is a phosphorescent material
- the first electromagnetic radiation 128 is a phosphorescent light
- the second emitter material 126 is a fluorescent material
- the second electromagnetic radiation 130 is a fluorescent light.
- the first display area 102 and the second display area 104 are arranged relative to one another such that predetermined information can be displayed by means of the arrangement in the energized mode of the light-emitting component 100.
- the arrangement forms the form of a lettering, a pictogram, a logo, an ideogram and / or a symbol.
- FIG. 3 illustrates different operating modes 300, 310, 320 of a light-emitting component according to one exemplary embodiment.
- the light-emitting component illustrated in FIG. 3 can essentially correspond to a light-emitting component described above.
- an electric current flows from the first electrode layer 108 through the organic functional layer structure 120 to the second electrode layer 116, and / or vice versa.
- the current flow of the electric current is generated by means of a component-external electrical energy source, which is electrically connected to the electrode layers 108, 116 of the light-emitting component.
- the electrical current is in the operating modes 300, 310, 320 each configured such that the emitter layer of the light-emitting device emits an electromagnetic radiation.
- the second electrode layer of the light-emitting device emits an electromagnetic radiation.
- Emitter material 126 in the first display area 102 homogeneously distributed in the matrix material 122 (for example, illustrated in FIG. 3).
- the second emitter material 126 in the first display region 102 is inhomogeneously distributed in the matrix material 122 (for example, illustrated in FIG.
- the emitter layer 120 is, for example, structured in such a way that the first display area 102 has a cross shape surrounded by the second display area 104, so that a cross sign or a plus sign can be displayed as information in an electrically switchable manner.
- a first operating mode 300 the electric current is set such that the first emitter material 124 emits the first electromagnetic radiation 128, for example weak or with low intensity.
- the second emitter material is essentially not excited.
- the electrical current in the first operating mode 300 is so small that the triplet density in the first excited state of the first emitter material 124 is low, so that excitation of the second emitter material 126 essentially does not take place (see also FIG.
- substantially only first electromagnetic radiation 128 is emitted by the light emitting component from the first display region 102 and the second display region 104.
- the electrical current is adjusted such that the first emitter material 124 emits the first electromagnetic radiation 128 and a portion of the second emitter material 126 is excited and emits second electromagnetic radiation 130 (see also FIGS FIG.2).
- the electrical current for example the electrical voltage, the electric current intensity and / or the electrical current density, in the second operating mode 310 is greater than in the first operating mode 300.
- a mixed light 132 emitted from first electromagnetic radiation 128 and second electromagnetic radiation 130, and emitted from the second display region 104 substantially only first electromagnetic radiation 128,
- the structuring of the display region of the light-emitting component is not optically visible with respect to the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the light-emitting component.
- the structuring of the display region of the light-emitting component is optically visible by emitting a mixed light 132 with first electromagnetic radiation 128 and second electromagnetic radiation 130 from the first display region 102, and substantially only the first electromagnetic radiation 128 from the second display region 104 is emitted.
- An optically visible contrast for example a color contrast, a brightness contrast, a saturation contrast or the like, is thus generated between the first display area 102 and the second display area 104 by means of the electric current.
- a further change in the characteristics of the electrical current for example an increase in the electrical voltage, the electric current density and / or the electric current
- the optically visible contrast between the first display area 102 and the second Display area 104 can be further enhanced, for example, the color difference of be increased to the first display area 102 and the second display area 104 emitted light.
- the triplet density of the first excited state of the first emi termaterials 124 can be increased.
- the proportion of second electromagnetic radiation 130 on the mixed light 132 can be increased.
- the proportion of the second electromagnetic radiation 130 on the mixed light 132 can be increased by means of the greater current intensity, whereby the color location of the mixed light 132 is shifted.
- the above-described light-emitting device having the emitter layer having the first display region and the second display region can be operated by forming an electric current having a current density through the emitter layer (first operation mode 300). At the current density, the first emitter material emits the first electromagnetic radiation and the second emitter material is non-light-emitting, ie the excited state of the second emitter material is not or not occupied to any appreciable extent.
- the operation of the light emitting device may comprise changing the first current density to a second current density (second operating mode 310 and / or third operating mode 320), wherein at the second current density the first emitter material emits the first electromagnetic radiation and the second emitter material emits the second electromagnetic radiation emitted.
- FIG. 4 illustrates different operating modes 400, 410, 420 of a light-emitting component according to a further exemplary embodiment.
- the light emitting device illustrated in FIG. 4 may substantially correspond to a light emitting device described above.
- an electric current as described in FIG. 3 flows through the light-emitting component.
- the exemplary embodiments illustrated in FIG. 4 have an inhomogeneous distribution on second emitter material 126 in the first display region 102.
- the inhomogeneous distribution of the second emitter material 126 has, for example, a number density gradient (illustrated in FIG.
- the emitter layer is structured in such a way that the number density of second emitter material 126 decreases, for example, from the center 404 of the first display region 102 to the edge 406 of the first display region 102.
- the first display region 102 has a number density gradient at the second emitter material 126 in the matrix material 122.
- Intensticiansgradient 402, 408 of the second electromagnetic radiation in the first display area 102 can be realized.
- a first operating mode 400 of the light-emitting component with inhomogeneous distribution of second emitter material in the first display region the electric current is set as in the first operating mode 300 in FIG.
- a second operating mode 410 the electric current is set as in the second operating mode 310 in FIG.
- mixed light 132 which is inhomogeneous is emitted in the first display region 102.
- the mixed light 132 has in the first display area 102 has an inhomogeneity, for example a local color point contrast, for example a distribution of color locations.
- the proportion of second electromagnetic radiation 130 on the mixed light 130 changes, so that, for example, in the first display region 102, a mixed light 132 is generated with a color locus gradient 402 that is lateral relative to the first display region 102 ,
- the intensity gradient of the second electromagnetic radiation causes a Farbortgradienten the mixed light.
- the electric current is set as in the third operating mode 320 in FIG.
- the proportion of the second electromagnetic radiation 130 on the mixed light 132 can be increased by means of the greater current intensity, as a result of which, for example, the visibility or intensity of the mixed light 132 can be enhanced with the Farbortgradienten 408.
- the current density is increased, a color gradient can be realized in the display region of the light-emitting component.
- the information to be displayed for example the symbol to be displayed, can be inserted continuously in the display area of the light-emitting component by means of the current density so as to be electrically adjustable.
- FIG. 5 illustrates part of a flowchart of a method of manufacturing a light emitting device according to various embodiments.
- the light emitting device is formed with an emitter layer having at least a first display region and a second display region, the first display region comprising at least a first emitter material and a second emitter material, and the second display region having first emitter material and being substantially free of second emitter material ,
- forming the emitter layer comprises forming 502 the emitter layer having a first emitter material and a second emitter material.
- the emitter layer is formed with at least one predetermined first display area and a second display area,
- forming the emitter layer comprises forming 502 a matrix material; and distributing a first emitter material and a second emitter material in the matrix material.
- the first emitter material and the second emitter material are formed, arranged or deposited, for example distributed in the matrix material.
- the first emitter material is formed, arranged or deposited, for example distributed in the matrix material, and the second display area, for example the matrix material in the second display area, is substantially free of the second emitter material.
- the first emitter material has at least a first excited state and a second excited state, wherein the second excited state is energetically higher than the first excited state is the first excited state, and when a transition from one of the first excited state to the ground state of the first emitter material, a first electromagnetic radiation is emitted.
- the second emitter material has at least one excited state, wherein a second electromagnetic radiation is emitted during the transition from the excited state of the second emitter material to the ground state of the second emitter material.
- An occupation of the excited state of the second emitter material takes place essentially by means of an energy transfer from the second excited state of the first emitter material to the excited state of the second emi ermaterials such that from the first display region a mixed light of first electromagnetic radiation and second electromagnetic radiation is emitted, and. the light that is emanatable from the second display area is substantially free of second electromagnetic radiation.
- the emitter layer may comprise at least one further emitter material, which is excited like the second emitter material, for example by means of a radiationless transition from an excited state of the second emitter material to an excited state of the third emitter material and / or by means of a nonradiative transition from an excited state of the first emitter material to an excited state of the third emitter material.
- the third emitter material may, for example, emit a third electromagnetic radiation which is substantially different from the first electromagnetic radiation and / or second electromagnetic radiation.
- the third emitter material may be a fluorescent or phosphorescent material.
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Abstract
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US15/544,536 US10490761B2 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2016-01-21 | Light emitting component having a phosphorescent and fluorescent materials in an emitter layer |
CN201680006688.1A CN107431083B (zh) | 2015-01-22 | 2016-01-21 | 发光器件及其制造和运行方法 |
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WO2008131750A2 (de) * | 2007-04-30 | 2008-11-06 | Novaled Ag | Licht emittierendes bauelement und verfahren zum herstellen |
US20100314644A1 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2010-12-16 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Organic electroluminescent device |
WO2013164647A2 (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2013-11-07 | Cambridge Display Technology Limited | Organic light emitting device and method |
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JP2003151773A (ja) * | 2001-11-13 | 2003-05-23 | Toray Ind Inc | 発光素子 |
CN1967901A (zh) * | 2005-11-18 | 2007-05-23 | 精工电子有限公司 | 电致发光元件及使用该电致发光元件的显示装置 |
DE112009003123B4 (de) * | 2008-12-11 | 2020-02-06 | Osram Oled Gmbh | Organische leuchtdiode und beleuchtungsmittel |
DE102009018647A1 (de) * | 2009-04-23 | 2010-10-28 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Strahlungsemittierende Vorrichtung |
CN101635334A (zh) * | 2009-08-19 | 2010-01-27 | 电子科技大学 | 一种红色有机电致发光器件及其制备方法 |
US9299942B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2016-03-29 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Light-emitting element, light-emitting device, display device, electronic appliance, and lighting device |
JP6158543B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-13 | 2017-07-05 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 発光素子、発光装置、電子機器、および照明装置 |
JP6076153B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-20 | 2017-02-08 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 発光素子、発光装置、表示装置、電子機器及び照明装置 |
DE102013106992A1 (de) * | 2013-07-03 | 2015-01-08 | Osram Oled Gmbh | Optoelektronisches Bauelement, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines optoelektronischen Bauelementes |
KR102353647B1 (ko) * | 2014-08-29 | 2022-01-20 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 발광 소자, 표시 장치, 전자 기기, 및 조명 장치 |
US9991471B2 (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2018-06-05 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Light-emitting element, light-emitting device, display device, and electronic device |
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2015
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WO2008131750A2 (de) * | 2007-04-30 | 2008-11-06 | Novaled Ag | Licht emittierendes bauelement und verfahren zum herstellen |
US20100314644A1 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2010-12-16 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Organic electroluminescent device |
WO2013164647A2 (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2013-11-07 | Cambridge Display Technology Limited | Organic light emitting device and method |
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CN107431083A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
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DE102015100913B4 (de) | 2017-08-10 |
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DE102015100913A1 (de) | 2016-07-28 |
US10490761B2 (en) | 2019-11-26 |
US20180013089A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 |
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KR102399358B1 (ko) | 2022-05-18 |
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