WO2016112871A1 - 钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备及控制方法 - Google Patents

钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备及控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2016112871A1
WO2016112871A1 PCT/CN2016/071236 CN2016071236W WO2016112871A1 WO 2016112871 A1 WO2016112871 A1 WO 2016112871A1 CN 2016071236 W CN2016071236 W CN 2016071236W WO 2016112871 A1 WO2016112871 A1 WO 2016112871A1
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titanium
based alloy
furnace body
vacuum suction
cable structure
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PCT/CN2016/071236
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English (en)
French (fr)
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马旭东
赵枫
赵松
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北京嘉毅万思科技发展有限公司
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Publication of WO2016112871A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016112871A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/08—Controlling, supervising, e.g. for safety reasons

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  • the invention relates to the field of titanium-based alloy smelting suction casting technology, in particular to a titanium-based alloy induction melting bottom leakage vacuum suction casting device and a control method thereof.
  • the first is vacuum arc melting.
  • the principle of this melting method is to use a titanium ingot and a water-cooled copper crucible as positive and negative electrodes, respectively, to melt the titanium ingot by a large amount of heat generated by mutual discharge under high current conditions, thereby forming a melting in the crucible.
  • the molten metal is then poured.
  • the second is vacuum induction melting.
  • the principle is to wrap the induction coil outside the split-type water-cooled copper crucible.
  • the electromagnetic force generated by the induction coil acts on the metal inside the crucible through the non-metallic isolation between the splits of the copper crucible.
  • the molten metal forms a molten metal inside the crucible and completes the casting.
  • both of the above methods require the use of water-cooled copper crucibles and form a thick crust, which takes away a large amount of heat, resulting in very low actual power usage (only 20% - 30% of the power actually acts on the titanium metal). on).
  • the conventional titanium alloy precision casting shell has high requirements for the preparation of the shell, and the number of layers is large, resulting in a complicated process, which directly increases the investment cost.
  • the working time of a single furnace often takes 60-80 minutes, and at the same time, the labor intensity of the loading furnace is high, and many people need to cooperate, and the process is complicated. In the traditional process, it takes 10 days from the preparation of the wax mold to the cleaning of the shell.
  • Titanium itself is a very active metal.
  • the water-cooling environment needs to be involved in the smelting process. This causes the molten titanium metal to directly contact the water in the event of smashing, in a vacuum environment. It will directly trigger a violent reaction, which will lead to hydrogen explosion, which poses a great threat to production safety.
  • domestic titanium alloy production units have experienced similar safety accidents, even large or small, even Casualties.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a titanium-based alloy induction melting bottom leakage vacuum suction casting device with simple structure, high production efficiency, high utilization rate of raw materials, energy saving and environmental protection.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a control method for a titanium-based alloy induction melting bottom leak vacuum suction molding apparatus with high production efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic crucible for induction melting of a titanium-based alloy which is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, has a low production cost, and is sufficiently inert to a titanium-based alloy.
  • a fourth object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a ceramic crucible which is simple in process and low in cost.
  • the present invention employs the following technical solutions:
  • a titanium-based alloy induction smelting bottom leakage vacuum suction casting device comprises an outer furnace body and at least one vacuum suction casting device disposed in the outer furnace body, and when the furnace door of the outer furnace body is closed, the outer furnace body forms a closed space, The outer furnace body is connected with a vacuum unit;
  • the outer furnace body is further provided with a ceramic crucible for melting a titanium-based alloy, and a cavity of the ceramic crucible is in communication with a casting cavity of the vacuum suction casting device;
  • an induction coil that energizes to generate an electromagnetic force to smelt the titanium-based alloy within the ceramic crucible.
  • the method further includes a coaxial power feeding system, wherein the coaxial power feeding system includes a first insulation setting a cable structure and a second cable structure;
  • One end of the first cable structure is connected to the positive pole of the power source, and the other end is connected to one end of the induction coil;
  • the second cable structure is connected to the negative pole of the power supply at one end and the other end of the induction coil to the other end;
  • the axes of the first cable structure and the second cable structure are coincident;
  • the first cable structure is sleeved with the second cable structure
  • the first cable structure is a tubular structure made of copper
  • the second cable structure is a cylindrical structure of copper
  • the outer diameter of the second cable structure is smaller than the inner diameter of the first cable structure.
  • the first cable structure is sleeved outside the second cable structure, and the first cable structure and the second cable structure are connected together by an insulation component.
  • the vacuum suction casting device is fixedly connected to the furnace door of the outer furnace body and can move together with the furnace door;
  • the furnace door of the outer furnace body is of a push-pull type or a flip type
  • the furnace door of the outer furnace body is disposed at the top, the side or the bottom of the outer furnace body;
  • the coaxial power feeding system supports the induction coil in the outer furnace body, and the ceramic crucible is disposed on the vacuum suction casting device;
  • the coaxial power feeding system is fixed on a sidewall of the outer furnace body, and after the furnace door of the outer furnace body is closed, the ceramic crucible is located in the induction coil, or the same
  • the shaft power feeding system is a movable setting, and when the furnace door of the outer furnace body is closed, the coaxial power feeding system drives the induction coil to move to cover the outer circumference of the ceramic crucible;
  • the vacuum suction casting device comprises an inner furnace body, a shell disposed in the inner furnace body, and a vacuum unit connected to the inner furnace body, wherein the mold shell is the casting cavity, and the inner furnace a communication port is opened in the body, and a bottom of the ceramic crucible is opened with a suction port, and the suction port is connected to the cavity inlet of the shell through the communication port;
  • a sealing isolation device is disposed between the ceramic crucible and the inner furnace body, and the sealing isolation device is configured to form an isolation between the inner furnace body and the outer furnace body;
  • the ceramic crucible is connected to the oven door of the inner furnace body through a connecting member.
  • the invention employs the following technical solutions:
  • Step A loading a ceramic crucible pre-assembled with a titanium-based alloy material and a vacuum suction casting device into the outer furnace body, and closing the furnace door of the outer furnace body;
  • Step B vacuuming the external furnace body, and filling the furnace body with a protective gas after vacuuming is completed;
  • Step C energizing the induction coil to perform melting of the titanium-based alloy material
  • Step D After smelting for a predetermined time, the vacuum suction molding apparatus is evacuated to perform a suction casting process.
  • the frequency of energizing the induction coil is 20-50 kHz and the power is 15-50 kW.
  • a ceramic crucible for induction melting of a titanium-based alloy comprising a crucible body and a separator attached to a surface of the crucible body, the separator being made of a material containing cerium oxide.
  • the bottom of the crucible is opened with a suction port
  • the inner cavity of the crucible has a diameter of 20 to 70 cm, a height of 40 to 150 cm, and the diameter of the suction port is 5 to 40 cm;
  • the inner cavity of the crucible has a diameter of 30-60 cm, a height of 50-100 cm, and the diameter of the suction port is 10-30 cm;
  • the material of the crucible body comprises silicon dioxide
  • the thickness of the isolation layer is 0.5-1.5 mm;
  • the crucible body has a thickness of 5-15 mm.
  • the present invention employs the following technical solutions:
  • a method for preparing a ceramic crucible as described above comprising at least the following steps:
  • Step A providing a wax member
  • Step B applying a slurry containing cerium oxide on the wax member, and then drying to obtain a blank coated with a slurry containing cerium oxide;
  • Step C coating the blank obtained in step B with a slurry containing silica, and then drying;
  • Step D After repeating the set number of steps C, the blank is calcined to obtain a finished product.
  • the cerium oxide-containing slurry component comprises 40%-60% cerium oxide and 40%-60% zirconium acetate solution 40%-60%;
  • composition of the silica-containing slurry comprises 40% to 70% of silica powder and 30% to 60% of water;
  • the thickness of the slurry containing cerium oxide in the step B is 0.5-1.5 mm;
  • the slurry containing silica is coated in the step C to a thickness of 1-2 mm.
  • the calcination temperature in the step D is 900-1300 ° C, and the calcination time is 1-3 hours.
  • the titanium-based alloy induction melting bottom leakage vacuum suction casting device provided by the invention adopts ceramic crucible for vacuum induction melting of titanium-based alloy, and since the ceramic does not have any shielding for electromagnetic force, all electromagnetic induction energy generated by the induction coil can be fully Acting on titanium metal, energy saving and environmental protection, the utilization rate of metal raw materials is as high as 60%-70%, which greatly reduces the cost of metal;
  • the control method of the titanium-based alloy induction melting vacuum suction casting device provided by the invention is simple in operation, high in work efficiency, low in labor intensity, and can prevent safety hazards that may occur in the conventional process, so that the melting process of the titanium-based alloy is stable and safe. Reliable;
  • the ceramic crucible for inductive melting of titanium-based alloy provided on the inner surface of the crucible body is provided with an isolating layer, and the material of the separating layer comprises cerium oxide, which has good inertia to titanium metal at high temperature. It will not react with it, and it can isolate the ceramic material that may react with titanium during the smelting process to ensure the reliable operation of titanium-based alloy melting;
  • the preparation process of the above ceramic crucible provided by the invention is simple in process, short in production cycle and high in production efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a titanium-based alloy induction melting bottom leak type vacuum suction molding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of a portion A of Figure 1;
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view showing the assembly structure of a coaxial power feeding system and an induction coil according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present embodiment provides a titanium-based alloy induction melting bottom leakage type vacuum suction molding apparatus, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the apparatus includes a furnace body support body 1, an outer furnace body 2 supported on the furnace body support 1, and Set in the outer furnace The vacuum suction casting device 3 in the body 2.
  • the outer furnace body 2 is provided with an optical monitoring temperature measuring device 4 for monitoring the temperature inside the outer furnace body 2.
  • a first vacuuming port 22 is opened on the side wall of the outer furnace body 2, and a vacuum unit is connected to the first vacuuming port 22.
  • a vacuum unit is connected to the first vacuuming port 22.
  • the furnace door 21 of the outer furnace body is disposed at the bottom of the outer furnace body 2.
  • a lifting frame 5 is connected below the furnace door 21 of the outer furnace body, and the lifting frame 5 is driven by the lifting drive system 6, thereby driving the furnace door 21 of the outer furnace body to move up and down to realize opening and closing of the furnace door.
  • the lifting drive system 6 is disposed on the horizontal moving rail 7, and when the furnace door 21 of the outer furnace body is opened, the furnace door 21, the lifting frame 5 and the lifting drive system 6 of the outer furnace body are movable along the horizontal moving rail 7.
  • the specific driving mode of the lifting drive system 6 is not limited, and the structure of the stable transmission can be realized, such as a ball screw structure, a cylinder driving structure and the like.
  • the vacuum suction casting device 3 is fixed to the furnace door 21 of the outer furnace body and is movable therewith.
  • the vacuum suction casting apparatus 3 includes an inner furnace body 31 and a mold case 32 disposed in the inner furnace body 31.
  • the inside of the mold case 32 is a casting cavity.
  • a vacuuming port 311 is opened at the bottom of the inner furnace body 31, and a vacuum unit is also connected to the second vacuuming port 311.
  • the vacuum unit can evacuate the inner furnace body 31.
  • the furnace door 312 of the inner furnace body is disposed at the top of the inner furnace body 31, and the ceramic crucible 8 is fixed to the furnace door 312 of the inner furnace body through the connecting member 9.
  • the specific shape of the connecting member 9 is not limited, and the mounting of the ceramic crucible 8 can be facilitated.
  • the size of the ceramic crucible 8 is adjusted according to the amount of the actual cast metal, and the inner cavity has a diameter of usually 20 to 70 cm, preferably 30 to 60 cm, and a height of usually 40 to 150 cm, preferably 50 to 100 cm.
  • a communication port is opened in the furnace door 312 of the inner furnace body, and a suction port 81 is opened at the bottom of the ceramic crucible 8, and the suction port 81 is connected to the cavity inlet of the shell 32 via the communication port.
  • the size of the suction port 81 can be set according to the size and shape of the casting cavity, and is generally set to 5 to 40 cm, preferably 10 to 30 cm.
  • a seal isolation device is provided between the ceramic crucible 8 and the inner furnace body 31, and the seal isolation device is used to form an isolation between the inner furnace body 31 and the outer furnace body 2.
  • the specific shape of the sealed isolation device is not limited, and can be set according to the specific shape of the ceramic crucible. It is enough to achieve isolation. Experiments have shown that the above sizing can achieve the best smelting effect and suction casting effect.
  • the titanium-based alloy in the ceramic crucible 8 is melted by energization of the induction coil 10 to generate electromagnetic force, and the induction coil 10 is disposed in the outer furnace body 2.
  • the inner furnace body 31 moves along with the furnace door 21 of the outer furnace body, thereby moving out of the outer furnace body 2, thereby conveniently obtaining the castings in the shell 32;
  • the furnace door 21 of the outer furnace body When closed, the inner furnace body 31 moves with the furnace door 21 of the outer furnace body, thereby moving into the outer furnace body 2.
  • the ceramic crucible 8 is located in the induction coil 10, which is convenient for ceramics.
  • the titanium-based alloy in the crucible 8 is smelted.
  • a specially designed coaxial power feeding system 11 is adopted, which overlaps the axes of the two cables, thereby completely avoiding the mutual inductance of the cable, reducing the power loss to less than 5%, and reducing the frequency loss to 10 Less than %.
  • the coaxial power feeding system 11 is fixedly disposed on the side wall of the outer furnace body 2, and the induction coil 10 is supported in the outer furnace body 2 through the coaxial power feeding system 11.
  • the coaxial power feeding system 11 includes a first cable structure 111 and a second cable structure 112 that are insulated from each other, and an insulating assembly that connects the first cable structure 111 and the second cable structure 112.
  • the first cable structure 111 is a tubular structure made of copper, one end of which is connected to the positive pole of the power source, and the other end of which is connected to one end of the induction coil 10 through the connection terminal 117;
  • the second cable structure 112 is a cylindrical structure of copper material, and the second cable structure
  • the outer diameter of 112 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first cable structure 111, the first cable structure 111 is sleeved outside the second cable structure 112, and the axes of the first cable structure 111 and the second cable structure 112 coincide.
  • the insulating assembly includes a sleeve 113 and an end cap 114.
  • the inner diameter of the sleeve 113 is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the second cable structure 112.
  • the second cable structure 112 is sleeved in the sleeve 113.
  • the sleeve 113 is provided at one end with a first circular table 115 and a second connection with the first circular table 115.
  • the round table 116, the outer diameter of the second truncated cone 116 is greater than
  • the outer diameter of the first circular table 115 is larger than the outer diameter of the sleeve 113.
  • An end surface of the first cable structure 111 abuts against a truncated surface of the second circular table 116, and an inner circumferential surface of the first cable structure 111 is fitted to a circumferential surface of the second circular table 116. Since the outer diameter of the sleeve 113 is smaller than the outer diameter of the first circular table 115, a cavity is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve 113 and the inner circumferential surface of the first cable structure 111.
  • the end cap 114 passes through the second cable structure 112 to engage the other end surface of the first cable structure 111 and the other end surface of the sleeve 113, thereby opposing the first cable structure 111 and the second cable structure 112 forms a fixed.
  • the end cap 114 can be in an interference fit or threaded connection with the outer peripheral surface of the second cable structure 112.
  • Both the sleeve 113 and the end cap 114 are made of an insulating material to ensure insulation between the first cable structure 111 and the second cable structure 112.
  • the limitation of the first cable structure 111 and the second cable structure 112 by the insulation component ensures that the axes of the two are coincident, thereby avoiding mutual inductance of the cable and reducing energy loss.
  • the titanium-based alloy induction melting bottom-drain vacuum suction casting device provided by the embodiment adopts ceramic ⁇ 8 for vacuum induction melting of titanium-based alloy, and since the ceramic does not have any shielding for electromagnetic force, all electromagnetic induction generated by the induction coil 10 is obtained.
  • the energy can all act on the titanium metal, energy saving and environmental protection, the utilization rate of the metal raw materials is as high as 60%-70%, which greatly reduces the metal cost.
  • the furnace door 21 of the outer furnace body is not limited to be disposed at the bottom of the outer furnace body 21, and other positions can be conveniently opened and closed, such as the top and side portions of the outer furnace body 21, and the furnace door 21 of the outer furnace body can be It can be set as push-pull type or flip type; the connection manner between the inner furnace body 31 and the furnace door 21 of the outer furnace body is not limited, and may be wall-mounted, bracket type, etc.; an outer furnace body 2 is not limited to being provided with a vacuum suction.
  • the casting device 3 can also be provided with a plurality of vacuum suction casting devices 3 according to the specific requirements of the site;
  • the coaxial power feeding system 11 is not limited to the above structure, and any structure capable of achieving coaxial power feeding to avoid power loss can be used.
  • the coaxial power feeding system 11 can also be arranged to be movable. When the furnace door 21 of the outer furnace body is closed, the coaxial power feeding system 11 drives the induction coil 10 to move to the outer periphery of the ceramic
  • Step A starting the lifting drive system 6 to drive the lifting frame 5 to drive the furnace door 21 of the outer furnace body to close, so that the ceramic crucible 8 pre-assembled with the titanium-based alloy material and the vacuum suction casting device 3 are loaded into the outer furnace body 2;
  • Step B vacuuming the outer furnace body 2, and when the vacuum degree reaches the requirement, the furnace body 2 is filled with a certain pressure of the shielding gas, and the embodiment adopts argon gas as the shielding gas;
  • Step C turning on the power, energizing the induction coil 10 through the coaxial power feeding system 11, and performing smelting of the titanium-based alloy material under the action of the induction coil 10;
  • Step D After smelting for a predetermined time, the second furnace is filled with argon gas. When the pressure of the argon gas reaches the requirement, the inner furnace body 31 is evacuated. When the smelting is finished, the inner and outer furnace bodies are Between the pressure difference, the titanium-based alloy material in the ceramic crucible 8 enters the casting cavity of the shell 32, and the suction molding is completed;
  • Step E after the completion of the suction casting, cooling, breaking the vacuum, and discharging.
  • step C Since titanium itself is a metal that is insensitive to electromagnetic induction, in step C, a suitable combination of power and frequency must be found to allow normal melting.
  • a preferred frequency and power range is obtained by a number of experiments, with a preferred range of frequencies of 20-50 kHz and a preferred range of power of 15-50 kW.
  • the control method of the titanium-based alloy induction melting bottom leakage vacuum suction casting device provided by the embodiment is simple in operation, high in work efficiency, and can complete a suction casting process in about 3 minutes, reducing labor intensity and eliminating the possibility of occurrence in the conventional process.
  • the safety hazard makes the smelting process of titanium-based alloy stable, safe and reliable.
  • the device of the embodiment realizes automatic control, which greatly reduces the operation difficulty and labor intensity of the worker, and reduces the personnel requirement of 50% compared with the conventional process under the same capacity.
  • the present embodiment provides a ceramic crucible for induction melting of a titanium-based alloy, the ceramic crucible comprising a crucible body and a separator attached to the inner surface of the crucible body.
  • the separator is made of cerium oxide, which is highly inert to titanium at high temperatures, does not chemically react with it, and can react with titanium during the smelting process.
  • the ceramic material ensures the reliable operation of the titanium-based alloy smelting.
  • the material of the crucible body contains silica, which is resistant to possible metal expansion and thermal stress during the smelting process, and ensures the strength of the crucible.
  • the size of the ceramic crucible is adjusted according to the amount of the actual cast metal, and the inner cavity has a diameter of usually 20 to 70 cm, preferably 30 to 60 cm, and a height of usually 40 to 150 cm, preferably 50 to 100 cm.
  • the bottom of the ceramic crucible is provided with a suction casting port, and the size of the suction casting port can be set according to the size and shape of the casting cavity, and is generally set to 5 to 40 cm, preferably 10 to 30 cm.
  • the specific thickness of the isolation layer and the crucible body is not limited, and may be set according to the overall size of the crucible and the design requirements.
  • the thickness of the isolation layer is preferably in the range of 0.5-1.5 mm, and the thickness of the crucible body is preferably in the range of 5-15 mm.
  • the preparation method of the above ceramic crucible comprises the following steps:
  • Step A providing a wax member of a desired shape
  • Step B applying a slurry containing cerium oxide on the wax member, and then drying to obtain a blank coated with a slurry containing cerium oxide;
  • Step C coating the blank obtained in step B with a slurry containing silica, and then drying;
  • Step D After repeating the set number of steps C, the blank is calcined to obtain a finished product.
  • the calcination temperature is 900-1300 ° C
  • the calcination time is 1-3 hours.
  • the slurry component containing cerium oxide is 40%-60% cerium oxide and 40%-60% zirconium acetate solution 40%-60%.
  • the silica-containing slurry has a composition of 40% to 70% of silica powder and 30% to 60% of water.
  • the thickness of the slurry containing cerium oxide in step B is 0.5-1.5 mm; the thickness of the slurry containing silica in step C is 1-2 mm.
  • the preparation process of the ceramic crucible provided in the embodiment is simple in process, short in production cycle, and high in production efficiency.

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Abstract

公开了一种钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备及控制方法，涉及钛基合金熔炼吸铸技术领域，为解决现有钛基合金熔炼吸铸设备效率低、成本高、工艺复杂等问题而设计。提供的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备采用陶瓷坩埚对钛基合金进行真空感应熔炼，由于陶瓷对电磁力没有任何屏蔽，因此感应线圈产生的所有的电磁感应的能量能够全部作用于钛金属上，节能环保，金属原料的利用率高达60％-70％，极大的降低了金属成本。提供的陶瓷坩埚在坩埚本体的内表面设置有隔离层，隔离层的制成材料里包含有氧化钇，其在高温下对钛金属具有很好的惰性，能够在熔炼过程中隔离可能与钛金属发生反应的陶瓷材料，保证钛基合金熔炼的可靠进行。

Description

钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备及控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及钛基合金熔炼吸铸技术领域，尤其涉及一种钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备及其控制方法。
背景技术
传统钛合金熔炼工艺经历了几个阶段变化。首先是真空电弧熔炼，这种熔炼方式的原理是利用钛锭和水冷铜坩埚分别作为正负电极，在高电流状态下通过相互放电产生的大量的热量熔化钛锭，从而在坩埚内形成熔融的金属液，进而完成浇注。
其次是真空感应熔炼，原理是在分瓣式水冷铜坩埚的外部包裹感应线圈，感应线圈产生的电磁力透过铜坩埚的分瓣之间的非金属隔离部分作用到坩埚内部的金属上，进而熔化金属在坩埚内部形成熔融金属液并完成浇注。
上述的两种方法，均需要借助水冷铜坩埚，并形成厚重的凝壳，这会带走大量的热量，导致实际的功率使用极低(仅20％--30％功率实际作用在了钛金属上)。而且传统钛合金精密铸造的型壳由于型壳制备要求高，层数多，致使工艺复杂，直接大幅提高了投资成本。传统工艺中，单炉的工作时间往往需要60-80分钟，同时装出炉劳动强度高，需要多人配合，工序复杂。传统工艺中，从蜡模制备开始到型壳清理完毕，最短需要10天。
钛本身是一种活性极强的金属，传统工艺在熔炼过程中，都需要有水冷环境的介入，这使得一旦出现坩埚击穿，熔化的钛金属液就会直接接触水，在真空环境下，直接会引发剧烈的反应，更会引发氢爆，这对生产安全有极大的威胁。国内目前钛合金的生产单位都或大或小的出现过类似的安全事故，甚至是 伤亡事故。
为解决上述问题，亟需提出一种新的钛基合金感应熔炼真空吸铸设备，以解决现有的钛基合金铸造中存在的效率低、成本高、工艺复杂、工作量大、难以制备要求高的型壳、周期长、存在安全隐患等问题。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是提出一种结构简单、生产效率高、原料利用率高、节能环保的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备。
本发明的第二个目的是提出一种生产效率高、节能环保的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备的控制方法。
本发明的第三个目的是提出一种节能环保、生产成本低、对钛基合金有良好惰性的用于钛基合金感应熔炼的陶瓷坩埚。
本发明的第四个目的是提出一种工艺简单、成本低的陶瓷坩埚的制备方法。
为达此目的，一方面，本发明采用以下技术方案：
钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备，包括外炉体以及设置于外炉体内的至少一个真空吸铸装置，当外炉体的炉门关闭后，所述外炉体内形成密闭空间，所述外炉体连接有真空机组；
所述外炉体内还设置有用于熔炼钛基合金的陶瓷坩埚，所述陶瓷坩埚的容腔与所述真空吸铸装置的铸件型腔相连通；
还包括感应线圈，所述感应线圈通电后产生电磁力以对所述陶瓷坩埚内的钛基合金进行熔炼。
优选的，还包括同轴进电系统，所述同轴进电系统包括相互绝缘设置的第 一电缆结构和第二电缆结构；
所述第一电缆结构一端接电源正极，另一端连接所述感应线圈的一端；
所述第二电缆结构一端接电源负极，另一端连接所述感应线圈的另一端；
所述第一电缆结构和所述第二电缆结构的轴线重合；
优选的，所述第一电缆结构与所述第二电缆结构套设在一起；
进一步优选的，所述第一电缆结构为铜材质的筒状结构，所述第二电缆结构为铜材质的筒状结构，所述第二电缆结构的外径小于所述第一电缆结构的内径，所述第一电缆结构套于所述第二电缆结构外，所述第一电缆结构与所述第二电缆结构通过绝缘组件连接在一起。
优选的，所述真空吸铸装置与所述外炉体的炉门固定连接并可随炉门一起运动；
优选的，所述外炉体的炉门为推拉式或翻转式；
优选的，所述外炉体的炉门设置于所述外炉体的顶部、侧部或底部；
优选的，所述同轴进电系统将所述感应线圈支撑于所述外炉体内，所述陶瓷坩埚设置于所述真空吸铸装置上；
进一步优选的，所述同轴进电系统固定于所述外炉体的侧壁上，当所述外炉体的炉门关闭后，所述陶瓷坩埚位于所述感应线圈内，或者所述同轴进电系统为可移动设置，当所述外炉体的炉门关闭后，所述同轴进电系统带动所述感应线圈移动至罩于所述陶瓷坩埚的外周；
优选的，所述真空吸铸装置包括内炉体、设置于内炉体内的型壳以及与所述内炉体连接的真空机组，所述型壳内为所述铸件型腔，所述内炉体上开有连通口，所述陶瓷坩埚的底部开有吸铸口，所述吸铸口经所述连通口与所述型壳的型腔入口连接；
优选的，所述陶瓷坩埚与所述内炉体之间设置有密封隔离装置，所述密封隔离装置用于在所述内炉体和所述外炉体之间形成隔离；
所述陶瓷坩埚通过连接件连接于内炉体的炉门上。
另一方面，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种如上所述钛基合金感应熔炼真空吸铸设备的控制方法，所述方法至少包括如下步骤：
步骤A、将预装好钛基合金料的陶瓷坩埚以及真空吸铸装置装入外炉体内，关闭外炉体的炉门；
步骤B、对外炉体进行抽真空，完成抽真空后向外炉体内充入保护气体；
步骤C、向感应线圈通电，进行钛基合金料的熔炼；
步骤D、熔炼一预定时间后，对真空吸铸装置抽真空，进行吸铸过程。
优选的，在步骤C中，向感应线圈通电的频率为20-50kHz，功率为15-50kW。
再一方面，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种用于钛基合金感应熔炼的陶瓷坩埚，包括坩埚本体以及附于所述坩埚本体内表面的隔离层，所述隔离层的制成材料里包含有氧化钇。
优选的，所述坩埚的底部开有吸铸口，所述坩埚的内部容腔的直径为20至70cm，高度为40至150cm，所述吸铸口的直径为5至40cm；
优选的，所述坩埚的内部容腔的直径为30-60cm，高度为50-100cm，所述吸铸口的直径为10-30cm；
优选的，所述坩埚本体的制成材料里包含有二氧化硅；
优选的，所述隔离层的厚度为0.5-1.5mm；
所述坩埚本体的厚度为5-15mm。
还一方面，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种如上述的陶瓷坩埚的制备方法，所述方法至少包括如下步骤：
步骤A、提供蜡件；
步骤B、在蜡件上涂覆含有氧化钇的料浆，然后进行干燥，获得涂覆含有氧化钇的料浆的坯件；
步骤C、在步骤B获得的坯件上涂覆含有二氧化硅的料浆，然后进行干燥；
步骤D、重复步骤C设定次数后，将坯件进行煅烧获得成品。
优选的，所述含有氧化钇的料浆成分包括40％-60％的氧化钇和40％-60％的醋酸锆溶液40％-60％；
所述含有二氧化硅的料浆的成分包括40％-70％的二氧化硅粉和30％-60％的水；
所述步骤B中涂覆含有氧化钇的料浆厚度为0.5-1.5mm；
所述步骤C中涂覆含有二氧化硅的料浆厚度为1-2mm。
优选的，所述步骤D中的煅烧温度为900-1300℃，煅烧时间为1-3小时。
本发明的有益效果为：
本发明提供的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备采用陶瓷坩埚对钛基合金进行真空感应熔炼，由于陶瓷对电磁力没有任何屏蔽，因此感应线圈产生的所有的电磁感应的能量能够全部作用于钛金属上，节能环保，金属原料的利用率高达60％-70％，极大的降低了金属成本；
本发明提供的上述钛基合金感应熔炼真空吸铸设备的控制方法操作简单，工作效率高，降低了劳动强度，杜绝了传统工艺中可能出现的安全隐患，使得钛基合金的熔炼工艺稳定、安全、可靠；
本发明提供的用于钛基合金感应熔炼的陶瓷坩埚在坩埚本体的内表面设置有隔离层，隔离层的制成材料里包含有氧化钇，其在高温下对钛金属具有很好的惰性，不会与之发生化学反应，能够在熔炼过程中隔离可能与钛金属发生反应的陶瓷材料，保证钛基合金熔炼的可靠进行；
本发明提供的上述陶瓷坩埚的制备过程工艺简单，生产周期短，生产效率高。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备的结构示意图；
图2是图1中A部分的局部放大图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的同轴进电系统与感应线圈的装配结构示意图。
图中，1、炉体支架；2、外炉体；21、外炉体的炉门；22、第一抽真空口；3、真空吸铸装置；31、内炉体；311、第二抽真空口；312、内炉体的炉门；32、型壳；4、光学监控测温装置；5、升降架；6、升降驱动系统；7、水平移动轨道；8、陶瓷坩埚；81、吸铸口；9、连接件；10、感应线圈；11、同轴进电系统；111、第一电缆结构；112、第二电缆结构；113、套筒；114、端盖；115、第一圆台；116、第二圆台；117、连接端子。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
本实施例提供了一种钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备，如图1和图2所示，该设备包括炉体支架1、支撑于炉体支架1上的外炉体2以及设置于外炉 体2内的真空吸铸装置3。外炉体2上设置有光学监控测温装置4，用于监控外炉体2内的温度。外炉体2的侧壁上开有第一抽真空口22，第一抽真空口22上连接有真空机组，当外炉体的炉门21关闭后，外炉体2内形成密闭的空间，通过真空机组可对外炉体2内进行抽真空。
于本实施例中，外炉体的炉门21设置在外炉体2的底部。外炉体的炉门21下方连接有升降架5，升降架5由升降驱动系统6驱动，进而带动外炉体的炉门21上下移动，实现炉门的开启和关闭。升降驱动系统6设置于水平移动轨道7上，当外炉体的炉门21开启时，外炉体的炉门21、升降架5以及升降驱动系统6可沿水平移动轨道7移动。其中，升降驱动系统6的具体驱动方式不限，能够实现稳定传动的结构均可，如滚珠丝杠结构、气缸驱动结构等等。
真空吸铸装置3固定于外炉体的炉门21上并可随之一起运动。真空吸铸装置3包括内炉体31以及设置于内炉体31内的型壳32，型壳32内为铸件型腔。内炉体31的底部开有第二抽真空口311，第二抽真空口311上也连接有真空机组，通过该真空机组可对内炉体31内进行抽真空。内炉体的炉门312设置于内炉体31的顶部，内炉体的炉门312上通过连接件9固定有陶瓷坩埚8。连接件9的具体形状不限，能够方便陶瓷坩埚8的安装即可。陶瓷坩埚8的尺寸根据实际浇铸金属量进行调整，其内部容腔的直径通常在20至70cm，优选为30-60cm，高度通常在40至150cm，优选为50-100cm。内炉体的炉门312上开有连通口，陶瓷坩埚8的底部开有吸铸口81，吸铸口81经连通口与型壳32的型腔入口连接。其中，吸铸口81的尺寸可根据铸件型腔的大小以及形状进行设定，一般设置为5至40cm，优选为10-30cm。在陶瓷坩埚8与内炉体31之间设置有密封隔离装置，密封隔离装置用于在内炉体31与外炉体2之间形成隔离。密封隔离装置的具体形状不限，可根据陶瓷坩埚的具体形状进行设置，能 够实现隔离即可。经实验表明，采用上述的尺寸能够获得最优的熔炼效果和吸铸效果。
本实施例中采用的是通过感应线圈10通电产生电磁力对陶瓷坩埚8内的钛基合金进行熔炼的，感应线圈10设置于外炉体2内。当外炉体的炉门21打开时，内炉体31随着外炉体的炉门21运动，从而移出外炉体2，方便获得型壳32内的铸件；当外炉体的炉门21关闭时，内炉体31随外炉体的炉门21运动，从而移入外炉体2内，当外炉体的炉门21完成关闭时，陶瓷坩埚8正好位于感应线圈10内，便于对陶瓷坩埚8内的钛基合金进行熔炼。
由于钛基合金的熔炼过程必须在真空下进行，所以对于感应熔炼而言，从电源到感应线圈10之间必须有相应的连接，普通的电缆连接往往对于功率和频率的损失超过40％。而本实施例中采用的是特殊设计的同轴进电系统11，将两条电缆的轴心重合，进而可以完全避免电缆的互感，将功率损失降低到5％以内，将频率损失降低到10％以内。同轴进电系统11固定设置于外炉体2的侧壁上，感应线圈10通过同轴进电系统11支撑于外炉体2内。
如图3所示，同轴进电系统11包括相互绝缘设置的第一电缆结构111和第二电缆结构112以及连接第一电缆结构111和第二电缆结构112的绝缘组件。第一电缆结构111为铜材质的筒状结构，其一端接电源正极，另一端通过连接端子117与感应线圈10的一端连接；第二电缆结构112为铜材质的筒状结构，第二电缆结构112的外径小于第一电缆结构111的内径，第一电缆结构111套于第二电缆结构112外，且第一电缆结构111和第二电缆结构112的轴线重合。
绝缘组件包括套筒113和端盖114。套筒113的内径与第二电缆结构112的外径基本相同，第二电缆结构112套于套筒113内，套筒113在一端设置有第一圆台115以及与第一圆台115连接的第二圆台116，第二圆台116的外径大于 第一圆台115的外径大于套筒113的外径。第一电缆结构111的端面与第二圆台116的圆台面相抵接，第一电缆结构111的内周面与第二圆台116的周面配合。由于套筒113的外径小于第一圆台115的外径，因此在套筒113的外周面与第一电缆结构111的内周面之间形成空腔。在套筒113的另一端，端盖114穿过第二电缆结构112与第一电缆结构111的另一端面以及套筒113的另一端面相配合，从而对第一电缆结构111和第二电缆结构112形成固定。端盖114可以与第二电缆结构112的外周面过盈配合或者螺纹连接。套筒113和端盖114均采用绝缘材料制成，保证第一电缆结构111与第二电缆结构112之间绝缘。通过绝缘组件对第一电缆结构111和第二电缆结构112的限位，保证两者的轴线重合，从而避免电缆的互感，减少能量损失。
本实施例提供的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备采用陶瓷坩埚8对钛基合金进行真空感应熔炼，由于陶瓷对电磁力没有任何屏蔽，因此感应线圈10产生的所有的电磁感应的能量能够全部作用于钛金属上，节能环保，金属原料的利用率高达60％-70％，极大的降低了金属成本。
其中，外炉体的炉门21不局限于设置在外炉体21的底部，其他能够方便开关门的位置均可，如外炉体21的顶部和侧部，可将外炉体的炉门21可设置为推拉式或翻转式；内炉体31与外炉体的炉门21的连接方式也不限，可以为壁挂式、支架式等；一个外炉体2内不局限于设置一个真空吸铸装置3，也可根据现场的具体需求设置多个真空吸铸装置3；同轴进电系统11不局限于上述结构，只要能够实现同轴进电以避免功率损失的结构均可，另外，同轴进电系统11也可设置为可移动的，当外炉体的炉门21关闭后，同轴进电系统11带动感应线圈10移动至罩于陶瓷坩埚8的外周。
上述钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备的控制方法具体步骤如下：
步骤A、启动升降驱动系统6驱动升降架5带动外炉体的炉门21关闭，从而将预装好钛基合金料的陶瓷坩埚8以及真空吸铸装置3装入外炉体2内；
步骤B、对外炉体2进行抽真空，当真空度达到要求后向外炉体2内充入一定压力的保护气体，本实施例采用氩气作为保护气体；
步骤C、开启电源，通过同轴进电系统11向感应线圈10通电，在感应线圈10的作用下进行钛基合金料的熔炼；
步骤D、当熔炼一预定时间后，第二次向外炉体内充入氩气，当氩气的压力达到要求后，对内炉体31进行抽真空，当熔炼结束时，由于内外炉体之间的压力差，陶瓷坩埚8内的钛基合金料进入型壳32的铸件型腔内，完成吸铸；
步骤E、吸铸完成后，冷却，破真空，出炉。
上述过程中未提供具体数值的参数如步骤B中的真空度要求、一定压力的保护气体、步骤D中的预定时间等均与现有技术中常用的参数设置相同。
由于钛本身是一种对于电磁感应不敏感的金属，因此在步骤C中，必须找到合适的功率与频率的组合才可以进行正常的熔炼。通过大量的实验获得了优选的频率和功率范围，频率的优选范围为20-50kHz，功率的优选范围为15-50kW。
本实施例提供的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备的控制方法操作简单，工作效率高，约3分钟即可完成一次吸铸过程，降低了劳动强度，杜绝了传统工艺中可能出现的安全隐患，使得钛基合金的熔炼工艺稳定、安全、可靠。另外，本实施例设备实现了自动控制，极大降低了工人的操作难度和劳动强度，在同等产能的情况下，相比传统工艺减少了50％的人员要求。
本实施例提供了一种用于钛基合金感应熔炼的陶瓷坩埚，该陶瓷坩埚包括坩埚本体以及附于坩埚本体内表面的隔离层。
于本实施例中，隔离层的制成材料里含有氧化钇，其在高温下对钛金属具有很好的惰性，不会与之发生化学反应，能够在熔炼过程中隔离可能与钛金属发生反应的陶瓷材料，保证钛基合金熔炼的可靠进行。坩埚本体的制成材料里含有二氧化硅，其能够在熔炼过程中抵抗可能的金属膨胀及热应力，保证坩埚的强度。
陶瓷坩埚的尺寸根据实际浇铸金属量进行调整，其内部容腔的直径通常在20至70cm，优选为30-60cm，高度通常在40至150cm，优选为50-100cm。陶瓷坩埚的底部开有吸铸口，吸铸口的尺寸可根据铸件型腔的大小以及形状进行设定，一般设置为5至40cm，优选为10-30cm。经实验表明，采用上述的尺寸能够获得最优的熔炼效果和吸铸效果。
其中，隔离层和坩埚本体的具体厚度不限，可根据坩埚的整体尺寸以及设计需要进行设定，隔离层厚度的优选范围为0.5-1.5mm，坩埚本体厚度的优选范围为5-15mm。
上述陶瓷坩埚的制备方法包括如下步骤：
步骤A、提供所需坩埚形状的蜡件；
步骤B、在蜡件上涂覆含有氧化钇的料浆，然后进行干燥，获得涂覆含有氧化钇的料浆的坯件；
步骤C、在步骤B获得的坯件上涂覆含有二氧化硅的料浆，然后进行干燥；
步骤D、重复步骤C设定次数后，将坯件进行煅烧获得成品。于本实施例中，煅烧温度为900-1300℃，煅烧时间为1-3小时。
其中，含有氧化钇的料浆成分为40％-60％的氧化钇和40％-60％的醋酸锆溶液40％-60％。含有二氧化硅的料浆的成分为40％-70％的二氧化硅粉和30％-60％的水。
步骤B中涂覆含有氧化钇的料浆厚度为0.5-1.5mm；步骤C中涂覆含有二氧化硅的料浆厚度为1-2mm。
本实施例的提供的陶瓷坩埚的制备过程工艺简单，生产周期短，生产效率高。
以上结合具体实施例描述了本发明的技术原理。这些描述只是为了解释本发明的原理，而不能以任何方式解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。基于此处的解释，本领域的技术人员不需要付出创造性的劳动即可联想到本发明的其它具体实施方式，这些方式都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备，包括外炉体(2)以及设置于外炉体(2)内的至少一个真空吸铸装置(3)，当外炉体的炉门(21)关闭后，所述外炉体(2)内形成密闭空间，所述外炉体(2)连接有真空机组；
    所述外炉体(2)内还设置有用于熔炼钛基合金的陶瓷坩埚(8)，所述陶瓷坩埚(8)的容腔与所述真空吸铸装置(3)的铸件型腔相连通；
    还包括感应线圈(10)，所述感应线圈(10)通电后产生电磁力以对所述陶瓷坩埚(8)内的钛基合金进行熔炼。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备，还包括同轴进电系统(11)，所述同轴进电系统(11)包括相互绝缘设置的第一电缆结构(111)和第二电缆结构(112)；
    所述第一电缆结构(111)一端接电源正极，另一端连接所述感应线圈(10)的一端；
    所述第二电缆结构(112)一端接电源负极，另一端连接所述感应线圈(10)的另一端；
    所述第一电缆结构(111)和所述第二电缆结构(112)的轴线重合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备，其中，所述第一电缆结构(111)与所述第二电缆结构(112)套设在一起。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备，其中，所述第一电缆结构(111)为铜材质的筒状结构，所述第二电缆结构(112)为铜材质的筒状结构，所述第二电缆结构(112)的外径小于所述第一电缆结构(111)的内径，所述第一电缆结构(111)套于所述第二电缆结构(112)外，所述第一电缆结构(111)与所述第二电缆结构(112)通过绝缘组件连接在一起。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备，其中，所述真空吸铸装置(3)与所述外炉体的炉门(21)固定连接并可随炉门一起运动。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备，其中，所述外炉体的炉门(21)设置于所述外炉体(21)的顶部、侧部或底部。
  7. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备，其中，所述同轴进电系统(11)将所述感应线圈(10)支撑于所述外炉体(2)内，所述陶瓷坩埚(8)设置于所述真空吸铸装置(3)上。
  8. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备，其中，所述同轴进电系统(11)固定于所述外炉体(2)的侧壁上，当所述外炉体的炉门(21)关闭后，所述陶瓷坩埚(8)位于所述感应线圈(10)内，或者所述同轴进电系统(11)为可移动设置，当所述外炉体的炉门(21)关闭后，所述同轴进电系统(11)带动所述感应线圈(10)移动至罩于所述陶瓷坩埚(8)的外周。
  9. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备，其中，所述真空吸铸装置(3)包括内炉体(31)、设置于内炉体(31)内的型壳(32)以及与所述内炉体(31)连接的真空机组，所述型壳(32)内为所述铸件型腔，所述内炉体(31)上开有连通口，所述陶瓷坩埚(8)的底部开有吸铸口(81)，所述吸铸口(81)经所述连通口与所述型壳(32)的型腔入口连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备，其中，所述陶瓷坩埚(8)与所述内炉体(31)之间设置有密封隔离装 置，所述密封隔离装置用于在所述内炉体(31)和所述外炉体(2)之间形成隔离；
    所述陶瓷坩埚(8)通过连接件(9)连接于内炉体的炉门(312)上。
  11. 一种如权利要求1至10中任一项所述钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备的控制方法，至少包括：
    步骤A、将预装好钛基合金料的陶瓷坩埚(8)以及真空吸铸装置(3)装入外炉体(2)内，关闭外炉体的炉门(21)；
    步骤B、对外炉体(2)进行抽真空，完成抽真空后向外炉体(2)内充入保护气体；
    步骤C、向感应线圈(10)通电，进行钛基合金料的熔炼；
    步骤D、熔炼一预定时间后，对真空吸铸装置(3)抽真空，进行吸铸过程。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的钛基合金感应熔炼底漏式真空吸铸设备的控制方法，其中：在步骤C中，向感应线圈(10)通电的频率为20-50kHz，功率为15-50kW。
  13. 一种用于钛基合金感应熔炼的陶瓷坩埚，包括坩埚本体以及附于所述坩埚本体内表面的隔离层，所述隔离层的制成材料里包含有氧化钇。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的用于钛基合金感应熔炼的陶瓷坩埚，其中：所述坩埚的底部开有吸铸口，所述坩埚的内部容腔的直径为20至70cm，高度为40至150cm，所述吸铸口的直径为5至40cm，所述坩埚本体的制成材料里包含有二氧化硅。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的用于钛基合金感应熔炼的陶瓷坩埚，其中，所述坩埚的内部容腔的直径为30-60cm，高度为50-100cm，所述吸铸口的直径为10-30cm。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的用于钛基合金感应熔炼的陶瓷坩埚，其中，所述隔离层的厚度为0.5-1.5mm，所述坩埚本体的厚度为5-15mm。
  17. 一种如权利要求13至16中任一项所述的陶瓷坩埚的制备方法，至少包括：
    步骤A、提供蜡件；
    步骤B、在蜡件上涂覆含有氧化钇的料浆，然后进行干燥，获得涂覆含有氧化钇的料浆的坯件；
    步骤C、在步骤B获得的坯件上涂覆含有二氧化硅的料浆，然后进行干燥；
    步骤D、重复步骤C设定次数后，将坯件进行煅烧获得成品。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的陶瓷坩埚的制备方法，其中：所述含有氧化钇的料浆成分包括40％-60％的氧化钇和40％-60％的醋酸锆溶液40％-60％；
    所述含有二氧化硅的料浆的成分包括40％-70％的二氧化硅粉和30％-60％的水；
    所述步骤B中涂覆含有氧化钇的料浆厚度为0.5-1.5mm；
    所述步骤C中涂覆含有二氧化硅的料浆厚度为1-2mm。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的陶瓷坩埚的制备方法，其中：所述步骤D中的煅烧温度为900-1300℃，煅烧时间为1-3小时。
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