WO2016112827A1 - 应用于电动车辆的交换电池组及其控制方法 - Google Patents

应用于电动车辆的交换电池组及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016112827A1
WO2016112827A1 PCT/CN2016/070452 CN2016070452W WO2016112827A1 WO 2016112827 A1 WO2016112827 A1 WO 2016112827A1 CN 2016070452 W CN2016070452 W CN 2016070452W WO 2016112827 A1 WO2016112827 A1 WO 2016112827A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
exchange battery
control method
exchange
charge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/070452
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
葛炽昌
Original Assignee
葛炽昌
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 葛炽昌 filed Critical 葛炽昌
Priority to JP2017536795A priority Critical patent/JP6353988B2/ja
Priority to US15/542,698 priority patent/US10399447B2/en
Publication of WO2016112827A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016112827A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12Electric charging stations
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery pack and a control method therefor, and more particularly to an exchange battery pack applied to an electric vehicle and a control method therefor.
  • each electric vehicle is equipped with at least one main battery pack to drive the electric vehicle to operate.
  • the main battery pack When the main battery pack is exhausted, it needs to be charged to restore the power demand.
  • the required time is about 30 minutes, and its charging mode is not in line with the general public's car habits.
  • the electric vehicle additionally uses an exchange battery pack outside the main battery pack.
  • the concept of charging the main battery pack, or cooperating with the main battery pack to maintain the power source of the electric vehicle, is also discussed. Charging (or co-powering) various main battery packs with a uniform size, smaller size, and less expensive exchange battery pack will effectively increase the economic efficiency of the battery exchange station.
  • the exchange battery pack is cheaper than the main battery pack, it is still a component of tens of thousands of yuan, and it is less economical for the user to have the exchange battery pack in a buyout manner.
  • the preferred mode allows for the exchange of battery packs by leasing to the power supply station to increase the battery capacity for electric vehicles with long-distance travel requirements.
  • the life of the battery is closely related to the way it is used. Factors such as charging current, discharge speed, and number of charge and discharge will greatly affect the battery life.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an exchange battery pack capable of limiting the charging function of an exchange battery pack applied to an electric vehicle, thereby enabling the exchange battery pack to be used in an appropriate charging environment. method.
  • the present invention provides a control method for an exchange battery pack applied to an electric vehicle, characterized in that, before charging an exchange battery pack, performing a charge unlocking procedure, and exchanging the battery pack After charging, a charging and locking procedure is performed on the exchange battery pack.
  • the charge lockout program enables the exchange battery pack to be used within the controllable range of the owner.
  • the electric vehicle can be loaded with a main battery pack and at least one exchange battery pack.
  • the method of controlling the exchange battery pack further includes unloading the exchange battery pack by an electric vehicle before charging the exchange battery pack, and loading the exchange battery pack after the charge lockup procedure An electric vehicle.
  • the control method of the exchange battery pack is a charging unlocking program or a charging and locking program in a software verification manner or a mechanical structure.
  • the method of controlling the exchange of battery packs is to set a usage restriction condition for the exchange battery pack before performing the charge lock procedure.
  • the use restriction condition comprises a charging time limit condition or a charging power energy limiting condition.
  • the use restriction condition is a charge off command
  • the exchange battery pack cannot be charged after the charge lock procedure
  • the control method further includes: transmitting, by a feedback unit, a feedback signal to a control unit; and comparing, by the control unit, the feedback signal And the use restriction condition; and when the feedback signal satisfies the use restriction condition, an interrupt signal is generated by the control unit and transmitted to an electric energy conversion unit.
  • the controlling method further comprises: transmitting a clock signal from a clock unit to a control unit;
  • the control unit compares the cuckoo clock signal with the use restriction condition; and when the cuckoo clock signal satisfies the use restriction condition, an interrupt signal is generated and transmitted by the control unit and transmitted to the electric energy conversion unit.
  • the power conversion unit generates a second power according to the first power
  • the feedback unit captures the characteristic parameter of the first power or the second power.
  • control method when the exchange battery pack is loaded on the electric vehicle, the control method further includes transmitting the use restriction condition to the electric vehicle; and the exchange battery pack provides an electric energy according to the use restriction condition to Electric vehicle.
  • the exchange battery pack can be charged and locked, that is, after the battery pack is exchanged, the battery pack is charged.
  • the owner of the exchange battery pack can make the exchange battery pack completely unchargeable or set limits to allow the user to use the exchange battery pack within the limited conditions. Since the restrictions and the authority to charge or unlock the battery are in exchange for the owner of the battery pack, the owner can control the way the battery pack is used.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an exchange battery pack for an electric vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2 is a schematic diagram of a further architecture of the exchange battery of FIG. 1.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic structural view of an exchange battery pack for an electric vehicle according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an exchange battery pack for an electric vehicle according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an exchange battery pack for an electric vehicle according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing a method of using an exchange battery pack for an electric vehicle according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing a control method of an exchange battery pack for an electric vehicle according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing a control method of an exchange battery pack for an electric vehicle according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a control method for an exchange battery pack applied to an electric vehicle .
  • the electric vehicle includes an electric vehicle and an electric motor vehicle, which is, for example, a plug-in electric motor
  • FIG. 1 an exchange battery pack for an electric vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • An architectural diagram of a swap battery pack 10 includes at least a power transmission terminal 11, a power conversion unit 12, a battery unit 13, and a control unit 14.
  • the power conversion unit 12 is electrically connected to the power transmission terminal 11, the battery unit 13, and the control unit 14, respectively. It is to be noted that the electric vehicle applied to the present embodiment can be loaded with a main battery pack and at least one exchange battery pack 10, wherein the volume of the exchange battery pack is smaller than the volume of the main battery pack.
  • the power transmission terminal 11 is a connector for electrically connecting to the external connection terminal.
  • the power transmission terminal 11 can receive a first power P1 from the external connection terminal, and can also transmit a fourth power P4 to the external connection terminal.
  • the power conversion unit 12 is a DC to DC converter that is electrically connected to the power transmission terminal 11, the battery unit 13, and the control unit 14, respectively.
  • the power conversion unit 12 mainly receives the first power P1 and converts it into a second power P2, which is then transmitted to the battery unit 13 for storage.
  • the power conversion unit 12 can also receive a third power P3 output by the battery unit 13 and convert it into the fourth power P4, and output it to the power transmission terminal 11.
  • the element 12 can be a one-way or two-way type power conversion unit, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the battery unit 13 has a plurality of batteries, which are secondary batteries, such as Ni-MH batteries or Li-ion batteries, and the lithium-ion battery may include Lithium iron phosphate battery or lithium titanate battery.
  • the lithium iron phosphate battery has the advantages of larger output power, faster charging speed, better stability and safety than the general lithium ion battery.
  • lithium titanate batteries have the advantages of large output power, safer, fast charging speed and long life.
  • the control unit 14 outputs a switching control signal Sl1 to control the power conversion unit 12.
  • the switching control signal S 11 is a pulse width modulation signal (PWM signal).
  • the power conversion unit 12 has a switching module 121 and a transformer module 122.
  • the switching module 121 is mainly a switching circuit composed of a plurality of switching components, such as transistors, which are controlled by the switching control signal S11 to perform conduction respectively.
  • the transformer module 122 is mainly a voltage conversion circuit composed of a transformer or a magnetic element, and may be a step-up or step-down transformer depending on the design of the coil winding. It should be noted that the configuration of the power conversion unit 12 is not limited to the above or the icon, which is merely exemplary, and the main purpose is to achieve DC-to-DC power conversion.
  • the control unit 14 has a processing module 141, a switching control module 142, and a condition limiting module 143.
  • the condition limiting module 143 stores at least one usage restriction condition including, for example, but not limited to, a charge time limit, a charge capacity limit, a discharge capacity limit, or a charge prohibition (charge off command).
  • the use restriction condition can be input or set by the user by wire or wirelessly.
  • the charge capacity limit is set to 0, it means that the battery will not be charged, so various restrictions can be matched or selected.
  • the processing module 141 is, for example, a microprocessor, which is electrically connected to the condition limiting module 143 and outputs a control signal S12 to the switching control module 142 according to the use restriction.
  • the switching control module 142 generates and outputs a switching control signal Sl1 according to the control signal S12.
  • the exchange battery pack 20 of the second embodiment of the present invention includes a power transmission terminal 21 An electric energy conversion unit 22, a battery unit 23, a control unit 24, and a feedback unit 25.
  • the power transmission terminal 21, the power conversion unit 22, the battery unit 23, and the control unit 24 are the same as the components and functions of the power transmission terminal 11, the power conversion unit 12, the battery unit 13, and the control unit 14 of the first embodiment. I will not repeat them.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that in order to enable the condition limiting module 143 in the foregoing embodiment to generate a large benefit, the embodiment adds the feedback unit 25 to switch with a processing module 241 in the control unit 24.
  • the control module 242 and a condition limiting module 243 cooperate with the application.
  • the feedback unit 25 is electrically connected to the power conversion unit 22 and takes an input characteristic parameter or an output characteristic parameter of the power conversion unit 22.
  • Input characteristic parameters include, but are not limited to, input current, input voltage, and input power
  • output parameters include, but are not limited to, output current, output voltage, and output power.
  • the rated capacity of the exchange battery pack 20 is 100 Ah
  • one of the usage restrictions input by the user to the condition limiting module 243 is that the chargeable capacity is 100 Ah (1 C), in other words, before the user has modified the restriction condition. It can perform a 1C charging procedure for the exchange battery pack 20.
  • the feedback unit 25 can extract the output current value of the power conversion unit 22 and convert it into a feedback signal S23 that the processing module 241 can recognize and transmit it to the processing module 241.
  • the processing module 241 performs the current charging capacity according to the feedback signal S23 and the operation of the chord and the buffer (not shown).
  • the control signal S22 generated by the processing module 241 causes the switching control module 242 to generate a switching control signal S21 to control the switching module 221 to continue to operate.
  • the control signal S22 generated by the processing module 241 causes the switching module 221 to no longer operate, so that the switching battery pack 20 actively stops charging the battery unit 23.
  • the control signal S22 or the switching control signal S21 that causes the switching module 221 to no longer operate is an interrupt signal.
  • an exchange battery pack 30 for an electric vehicle includes a power transmission terminal 31, a power conversion unit 32, a battery unit 33, a control unit 34, and A feedback unit 35 .
  • the power conversion unit 32 has a switching module 321 , a transformer module 322 and a switching control module 323 electrically connected to each other.
  • the control unit 34 has a processing module 341 and a condition limiting module 343 electrically connected to each other.
  • the switching control module 323 receives the control signal S32 output by the processing module 341 of the control unit 34 to generate the switching control signal S31.
  • the condition limiting module of the exchange battery pack In order to avoid that the condition limiting module of the exchange battery pack is easily modified by its restrictions, it can lock the change of the exchange battery group.
  • the mechanical structure in the form of a key lock locks it, does not change it, or locks it in a software-validated manner.
  • an exchange battery pack 40 for an electric vehicle according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be briefly described in a software verification mode.
  • the exchange battery pack 40 includes a power transmission terminal 41, an electric energy conversion unit 42, a battery unit 43, a control unit 44, and a feedback unit 45.
  • the control unit 44 of the embodiment has a processing module 441, a switching control module 442, a condition limiting module 443, and an authentication module 445.
  • the authentication module 445 is electrically connected to the processing module 441 and the condition limiting module 443, and its main purpose is to use the content of the condition changing module 443.
  • the authentication module 445 can be authenticated by the user by using an account password, a fingerprint identification, or a touch gesture. When the authentication module 445 is locked, the condition limiting module 443 will no longer be able to be modified until the user enters the corresponding authentication condition, so that the control of the switched battery pack will be mastered.
  • a fifth embodiment of the present invention is a control method of an exchange battery pack using an angle of an electric vehicle, which includes a program P01 to a program P0 5.
  • Procedure P01 moves an electric vehicle to a power supply station.
  • an electric vehicle there is a main battery pack and a first exchange battery pack, wherein the volume of the first exchange battery pack is smaller than the volume of the main battery pack.
  • the program P02 unloads the first exchange battery pack from the electric vehicle at the power supply station. It unloads the first exchange battery pack originally loaded on the electric vehicle by the operator at the power supply station and moves the first exchange battery pack to the storage area for subsequent detection, unlocking or charging.
  • the program P03 is input by the operator of the power supply station to the condition limiting module of the second exchange battery pack according to the user's demand.
  • the use restrictions include, but are not limited to, charge capacity limits, discharge capacity limits, use of daytime restrictions, or prohibition of charging.
  • the program P04 performs a charging and locking procedure on the second exchange battery pack.
  • the operator of the power supply station applies authentication measures to the second exchange battery pack, such as locking with an account password, locking with a fingerprint, locking with a touch gesture, or locking with a key, so that the user is charging. After the program Unable to change usage restrictions.
  • the program P05 is loaded by the operator of the power supply station on the second exchange battery pack, and the user can use the second exchange battery pack according to the use restriction conditions.
  • the second exchange battery pack can also transmit its use restriction condition to the control center of the electric vehicle, and then provide its electric energy to the electric vehicle according to the use restriction condition. .
  • the use of restrictions limits the discharge of the exchange battery pack in addition to limiting the charging of the exchange battery pack.
  • the sixth embodiment of the present invention is a control method of the exchange battery pack described above using the angle of the exchange battery pack, which includes the program P11 to the program P16.
  • the program P11 unloads the exchange battery pack from a first electric vehicle. It is unloaded by the operator of the power supply station by the first electric vehicle.
  • the program P12 performs a charging unlocking process on the exchange battery pack by the operator of the power supply station.
  • the operator inputs the authentication condition to the authentication module of the exchange battery pack to release the use restriction condition of the condition limiting module.
  • the program P13 performs a charging procedure for the exchange battery pack. It performs a charging procedure at the power supply station for the exchange battery pack that has been deactivated.
  • the program P14 sets the use restriction condition for the charged exchanged battery pack.
  • the operator inputs appropriate usage restrictions to the condition limiting module of the exchange battery pack according to the user's needs.
  • the program P15 performs a charging and locking procedure on the exchange battery pack.
  • the operator of the power supply station applies authentication measures to the exchange battery pack, such as locking with an account password, locking with a fingerprint, locking with a touch gesture, or locking with a key or an electronic key to enable the user to The usage restrictions cannot be changed after charging the program.
  • the program P16 is carried by the operator to load the exchange battery pack on a second electric vehicle, and the user can use the exchange battery pack according to the use restriction conditions.
  • the control method of the exchange battery pack described above by the user using the angle of the exchange battery pack mounted on the electric vehicle includes the programs P21 to P25.
  • the program P21 provides power by the user to the power transfer terminal of the exchange battery pack. Electric energy can be used by electric vehicles
  • the preset connection terminal is input to the power transmission terminal of the exchange battery pack, and the connection form is not limited herein.
  • the program P22 captures the input characteristic parameter or the output characteristic parameter of the power conversion unit by the feedback module of the exchange battery pack, and converts it into a feedback signal and transmits it to the processing module of the control unit.
  • the program P23 is compared by the processing module according to the use restriction condition and the feedback signal to determine whether the two are consistent. When the two do not match, the program P24 is performed, and when the two match, the program P25 is performed.
  • the program P24 continues the charging process, which continues to supply power from the outside to the battery cells of the exchange battery pack.
  • the program P25 stops the charging process, which stops the operation of the power conversion unit so that the power can no longer be transmitted to the battery unit.
  • the exchange battery pack can be charged and locked, that is, after the battery pack is exchanged, the battery pack is charged. Its charging is limited by the usage restrictions in the condition limiting module.
  • the owner of the exchange battery pack can disable the exchange of the battery pack or set restrictions on it to allow the user to use the exchange battery pack within the constraints. Since the restrictions and the authority of the charge unlocking program or the charging lock program are in the possession of the exchange battery pack (for example, the power supply station), the owner can control the use of the exchange battery pack. As a result, for the owner power supply station of the exchange battery pack, it is possible to effectively prevent the user from using the exchange battery pack without restriction and arbitrarily.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种应用于电动车辆的交换电池组及其控制方法,该交换电池组包括一控制单元(14)、一电能传输端子(11)、多数电池(13)以及一电能转换单元(12)。控制单元依据一条件指令而输出一中断信号,电能传输端子接收并传送一第一电能,电能转换单元分别与控制单元及电能传输端子电性连接,并依据控制单元的控制而将第一电能转换为第二电能,多数电池与电能转换单元电性连接,且接收并储存第二电能。其中,电能转换单元依据控制单元输出的中断信号而停止作动并停止产生第二电能,从而该交换电池组能够在适当的充电环境中被使用。

Description

说明书 发明名称:应用于电动车辆的交换电池组及其控制方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明关于一种电池组及其控制方法, 特别关于一种应用于电动车辆的交换电 池组及其控制方法。
背景技术
[0002] 随着环保节能观念意识逐渐抬头, 在交通车辆的技术领域当中, 减少能源消耗 并降低污染废气的排放, 一直是各家车厂努力的目标之一, 因此, 具有节能减 碳效能的混合式动力车 (Hybrid Electric Vehicle, HEV) 及纯电动车辆 (Electric Vehicle, EV) 的相关研究, 也未曾停歇。 根据日本 Japan Automobile Research Institute, JARI,FC.EV Center的调査, 一般汽油引擎车辆行驶能量消耗是电动车辆 的 3倍, 另外在二氧化碳的排放, 汽油引擎车辆 (每公里汽车行驶) 的排放量为 电动车辆 (电能转换) 的 4倍。 因此, 各家汽车厂商诸如日产 (Nissan) 、 BMW 、 比亚迪及特斯拉 (Tesla) 等, 皆陆续有生产纯电动车辆并于市场贩卖, 虽尚 未普及化, 但也逐渐受到市场的重视。
技术问题
[0003] 然而电动车辆面临最棘手的问题是电力维持。 每辆电动车辆至少都配置一个主 电池组以驱动电动车辆运作, 当主电池组电力耗尽吋则需对其充电以恢复电力 需求, 然而, 要将电力耗尽的主电池组充电至足够的电力, 所需要的吋间大约 为 30分钟, 其费吋的充电模式实不符合一般民众的用车习惯。
[0004] 近来有交换电池的概念被提出, 其是在所谓的电池交换站将已充电的主电池组 与电动车辆上电力耗尽的主电池组做替换。 这个模式有几个缺点: 其一, 主电 池组由于容量大, 体积重量也大, 不容易更换; 其二, 每个车厂所生产的主电 池组外观、 容量皆不尽相同, 电池交换站必须替不同品牌、 不同车款囤积准备 为数不少的主电池组以供给不同品牌的电动车辆使用, 将造成电池交换站的巨 大负担。
[0005] 为了有效解决上述问题, 电动车辆在主电池组的外再另外使用交换电池组来对 主电池组充电, 或协同主电池组以维持电动车辆的电力来源的概念也被提出讨 论。 利用统一规格、 体积较小、 费用较便宜的交换电池组来对各种主电池组进 行充电 (或协同供电) 将能够有效的提高电池交换站的经济效益。
[0006] 然而, 交换电池组虽然相较于主电池组便宜, 但仍是动辄数万元的组件, 对于 使用者来说若是以买断的方式来拥有交换电池组则显得较不符合经济效益。 而 较佳的模式可通过向电力供应站租赁的方式来取得交换电池组, 以针对有长途 行驶需求的电动车辆加大其电池容量。 然而, 电池的寿命与其使用方式息息相 关, 例如充电电流、 放电速度、 充放电次数等因素皆会大大的影响电池的寿命
[0007] 对于拥有交换电池组的电力供应站来说, 假如交换电池组在出租后被无限制的 充电 (例如大电流充电) 或放电将导致交换电池组的寿命缩短, 因此, 如何对 交换电池组的充放电有所限制, 以延长交换电池组的寿命, 实为当前重要课题 之一。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0008] 有鉴于此, 本发明的一目的在于提供一种能够限制应用于电动车辆的交换电池 组的充电功能, 借以使交换电池组能够在适当的充电环境中被使用的交换电池 组的控制方法。
[0009] 为达上述目的, 本发明提供一种应用于电动车辆的交换电池组的控制方法, 其 特征在于包括, 在对一交换电池组充电之前, 进行一充电解锁程序, 以及在交 换电池组充电之后, 对交换电池组进行一充电上锁程序。 借由充电上锁程序, 使得交换电池组能够在拥有者可控制的范围内被使用。 在本实施例中, 电动车 辆可同吋装载有一主电池组及至少一交换电池组。
[0010] 依据本发明的一实施例, 交换电池组的控制方法更包括在对交换电池组充电之 前, 由一电动车辆卸载交换电池组, 以及在充电上锁程序之后, 将交换电池组 装载于一电动车辆。
[0011] 依据本发明的一实施例, 交换电池组的控制方法是以软件验证方式或机械结构 进行充电解锁程序或充电上锁程序。 [0012] 依据本发明的一实施例, 交换电池组的控制方法是在进行充电上锁程序之前, 对交换电池组设定一使用限制条件。
[0013] 依据本发明的一实施例, 其中, 使用限制条件是包括一充电吋间限制条件或一 充电电能量限制条件。
[0014] 依据本发明的一实施例, 其中, 使用限制条件为一充电关闭指令, 换句话说, 交换电池组在充电上锁程序后即无法对其进行充电。
[0015] 依据本发明的一实施例, 其中, 当交换电池组于充电解锁程序之前进行充电吋 , 控制方法更包括由一反馈单元传送一反馈信号至一控制单元; 由控制单元比 对反馈信号与该使用限制条件; 以及当反馈信号满足使用限制条件吋, 由控制 单元产生一中断信号, 并将其传送至一电能转换单元。
[0016] 依据本发明的一实施例, 其中, 当交换电池组于充电解锁程序之前进行充电吋 , 该控制方法更包括由一吋钟单元 (clock unit) 传送一吋钟信号至一控制单元 ; 由控制单元比对吋钟信号与使用限制条件; 以及当吋钟信号满足使用限制条 件吋, 由控制单元产生并传送一中断信号, 并将其传送至电能转换单元。
[0017] 依据本发明的一实施例, 其中, 电能转换单元依据一第一电能而产生一第二电 育 , 而反馈单元撷取第一电能或第二电能的特性参数。
[0018] 依据本发明的一实施例, 其中, 当交换电池组装载于该电动车辆后, 控制方法 更包括将使用限制条件传送于电动车辆; 以及由交换电池组依据使用限制条件 提供一电能至电动车辆。
[0019] 承上所述, 依据本发明的交换电池组的控制方法, 其可将交换电池组充电上锁 , 意即交换电池组在充电上锁程序后, 要对其充电是有限制的。 交换电池组的 拥有者可使交换电池组完全不可充电, 或对其设定限制条件, 以令使用者在限 制条件内使用交换电池组。 由于限制条件以及充电解锁或充电上锁的权限在于 交换电池组的拥有者, 因此能由拥有者掌控交换电池组的使用方式。
发明的有益效果
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0020] 图 1为依据本发明第一实施例的一种电动车辆用的交换电池组的架构示意图。 [0021] 图 2为图 1的交换电池组的进一步架构示意图。
[0022] 图 3为依据本发明第二实施例的一种电动车辆用的交换电池组的架构示意图。
[0023] 图 4为依据本发明第三实施例的一种电动车辆用的交换电池组的架构示意图。
[0024] 图 5为依据本发明第四实施例的一种电动车辆用的交换电池组的架构示意图。
[0025] 图 6为依据本发明第五实施例的一种电动车辆用的交换电池组的使用方法流程 图。
[0026] 图 7为依据本发明第六实施例的一种电动车辆用的交换电池组的控制方法流程 图。
[0027] 图 8为依据本发明第七实施例的一种电动车辆用的交换电池组的控制方法流程 图。
[0028] 【主要组件符号说明】
[0029] 10、 20、 30、 40 交换电池组
[0030] 11、 21、 31、 41 电能传输端子
[0031] 12、 22、 32、 42 电能转换单元
[0032] 121 、 221、 321、 421切换模块
[0033] 122. - 222、 322、 422变压模块
[0034] 13、 23、 33、 43 电池单元
[0035] 14、 24、 34、 44 控制单元
[0036] 141 - , 241、 341、 441处理模块
[0037] 142' . 242、 323、 442切换控制模块
[0038] 143 ' . 243、 343、 443条件限制模块
[0039] 25、 35、 45 反馈单元
[0040] 445 认证模块
[0041] S11 、 S21、 S31、 S41 切换控制信
[0042] S12 、 S22、 S32、 S42 控制信号
[0043] S23反馈信号
[0044] P1 第一电能
[0045] P2 第二电能 [0046] P3 第三电能
[0047] P4 第四电能。
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0048] 以下将通过实施例来解释本发明内容, 本发明的实施例并非用以限制本发明须 在如实施例的任何特定的环境、 应用或特殊方式方能实施。 因此, 关于实施例 的说明仅为阐释本发明的目的, 而非用以限制本发明。 需说明者, 以下实施例 及图式中, 与本发明非直接相关的组件已省略而未绘示, 且图式中各组件间的 尺寸关仅为求容易了解, 非用以限制实际比例。
[0049] 为了让电动车辆所使用的交换电池组能够由拥有者主控其使用方式, 且具有更 长的使用寿命以及经济效益, 本发明提供一种应用于电动车辆的交换电池组的 控制方法。 其中, 电动车辆包括电动汽车以及电动机车, 其例如为插电式电动
Figure imgf000007_0001
[0050] 请参照图 1所示, 其依据本发明第一实施例的应用于电动车辆的一交换电池组
(swapable battery pack) 10的一架构示意图, 交换电池组 10至少包括一电能传输 端子 (power transmission terminal) 11、 一电能转换单元 12、 一电池单元 13以及 一控制单元 14。 其中, 电能转换单元 12分别电性连接电能传输端子 11、 电池单 元 13以及控制单元 14。 要特别说明的是, 应用于本实施例的电动车辆是可同吋 装载有一主电池组及至少一交换电池组 10, 其中, 交换电池组的体积小于主电 池组的体积。
[0051] 电能传输端子 11为一连接端子 (connector) , 用以与外部连接端子电性连接。
电能传输端子 11可由外部连接端子接收一第一电能 Pl, 亦可将一第四电能 P4传 输至外部连接端子。
[0052] 电能转换单元 12为一直流电源转换器 (DC to DC converter) , 其是分别与电能 传输端子 11、 电池单元 13以及控制单元 14电性连接。 电能转换单元 12主要是接 收第一电能 Pl, 并将其转换为一第二电能 P2, 再将其传输至电池单元 13予以储 存。 另外, 电能转换单元 12亦可接收由电池单元 13输出的一第三电能 P3, 并将 其转换为第四电能 P4, 再将其输出至电能传输端子 11。 换句话说, 电能转换单 元 12可为单向式或双向式的电能转换单元, 在本实施例中并没有加以限制。
[0053] 电池单元 13具有多数电池, 其为二次电池 (Secondary battery) , 例如为镍氢电 池 (Ni-MH battery) 或锂离子电池 (Li-ion battery) 等, 而锂离子电池又可包括 磷酸锂铁电池或钛酸锂电池。 其中, 磷酸锂铁电池相对于一般的锂离子电池, 具有输出功率较大、 充电速度较快、 较佳的稳定性以及较为安全等优点。 而钛 酸锂电池相对于一般的锂离子电池, 则具有输出功率较大、 较为安全、 充电速 度极快以及寿命长等优点。
[0054] 控制单元 14输出一切换控制信号 Sl l, 以控制电能转换单元 12。 在本实施例中 , 切换控制信号 S 11为一脉宽调变控制信号 (pulse width modulation signal, PWM signal) 。
[0055] 请参照图 2所示, 电能转换单元 12具有一切换模块 (switching module) 121以及 一变压模块 122。 切换模块 121主要是由多数幵关组件, 例如晶体管, 所构成的 切换回路, 其接受切换控制信号 S11的控制而分别执行导通 (turn
on) 及关闭 (turn off) 的动作。 变压模块 122主要是由变压器 (transformer) 或 磁性组件 (magnetic element) 所构成的电压转换回路, 依据其线圈绕组的设计 , 可为升压型或降压型变压器。 需注意的是, 电能转换单元 12的构成并非为上 述或图标的限定型态, 其仅为举例性, 主要目的为达成直流转直流的电能转换
[0056] 控制单元 14具有一处理模块 141、 一切换控制模块 142以及一条件限制模块 143 。 条件限制模块 143储存有至少一使用限制条件, 其例如包括但不限于充电吋间 限制、 充电容量限制、 放电容量限制或是禁止充电 (充电关闭指令) 等限制条 件。 其中, 使用限制条件可由使用者通过有线或无线的方式输入或设定。 另外 , 当充电容量限制被设定为 0吋, 也代表将无法对电池进行充电, 因此各种限制 条件是可相互搭配或选择使用。 处理模块 141例如为一微处理机 (microprocessor ) , 其与条件限制模块 143电性连接, 并依据使用限制条件而输出控制信号 S12 至切换控制模块 142。 切换控制模块 142则依据控制信号 S12而产生并输出切换控 制信号 Sl l。
[0057] 请再参照图 3所示, 本发明第二实施例的交换电池组 20包括一电能传输端子 21 、 一电能转换单元 22、 一电池单元 23、 一控制单元 24以及一反馈单元 25。 其中 , 电能传输端子 21、 电能转换单元 22、 电池单元 23以及控制单元 24与第一实施 例的电能传输端子 11、 电能转换单元 12、 电池单元 13以及控制单元 14的组成及 功能相同, 于此不再加以赘述。 而与第一实施例不同的是, 为了能够使得上述 实施例中的条件限制模块 143能够产生较大的效益, 本实施例增加反馈单元 25以 与控制单元 24中的一处理模块 241、 一切换控制模块 242以及一条件限制模块 243 配合应用。
[0058] 反馈单元 25与电能转换单元 22电性连接, 并撷取电能转换单元 22的输入特性参 数或输出特性参数。 其中输入特性参数包括但不限于输入电流、 输入电压及输 入功率, 而输出参数包括但不限于输出电流、 输出电压及输出功率。 举例说明 , 假设交换电池组 20的额定容量为 100Ah, 使用者输入至条件限制模块 243的使 用限制条件之一为可充电容量为 lOOAh (1C) , 换句话说, 在使用者没有修改限 制条件之前, 其可对交换电池组 20进行 1C的充电程序。 于此, 反馈单元 25可撷 取电能转换单元 22的输出电流值, 并将其转换为处理模块 241能够辨识的反馈信 号 S23后传输至处理模块 241。 处理模块 241则依据反馈信号 S23以及搭配吋钟 (cl ock) 及缓存器 (图未显示) 进行运算后得到当前的充电容量。
[0059] 当充电容量尚未到达 1C吋, 则处理模块 241产生的控制信号 S22令切换控制模块 242产生切换控制信号 S21以控制切换模块 221持续运作。 而当充电容量到达 1C吋 , 则处理模块 241所产生的控制信号 S22则令切换模块 221不再运作, 以使得交换 电池组 20主动停止对电池单元 23的充电动作。 在上述中, 令切换模块 221不再作 动的控制信号 S22或切换控制信号 S21即为一中断信号。
[0060] 请再参照图 4所示, 本发明第三实施例的电动车辆用的一交换电池组 30包括一 电能传输端子 31、 一电能转换单元 32、 一电池单元 33、 一控制单元 34以及一反 馈单元 35。 与上述实施例不同的是, 电能转换单元 32具有相互电性连接的一切 换模块 321、 一变压模块 322以及一切换控制模块 323。 控制单元 34具有相互电性 连接的一处理模块 341以及一条件限制模块 343。 在本实施例中, 切换控制模块 3 23接收由控制单元 34的处理模块 341输出的控制信号 S32而产生切换控制信号 S31 。 于此所要阐述的是, 交换电池组 30内部的各模块可依据实际设计的需求 (例 如效能或成本需求) 而可调动其位置, 于此不对其加以限制。
[0061] 为了避免交换电池组的条件限制模块被轻易的更改其限制条件, 其可对交换电 池组的变更加以锁定。 例如以锁匙结构方式的机械结构将其锁定而不能变更, 或是以软件验证的方式加以锁定。 以下, 请参照图 5所示, 其以软件验证的模式 简易说明本发明第四实施例的电动车辆用的一交换电池组 40。
[0062] 如图 5所示, 交换电池组 40包括一电能传输端子 41、 一电能转换单元 42、 一电 池单元 43、 一控制单元 44以及一反馈单元 45。 与上述实施例不同的是, 本实施 例的控制单元 44具有一处理模块 441、 一切换控制模块 442、 一条件限制模块 443 以及一认证模块 445。 其中, 认证模块 445与处理模块 441及条件限制模块 443电 性连接, 其主要目的作为变更条件限制模块 443的内容使用。
[0063] 认证模块 445可由使用者利用账号密码、 指纹辨识或是触控手势等方式予以认 证。 当认证模块 445—经锁定, 则条件限制模块 443将无法再被修改, 直至使用 者输入对应的认证条件, 如此一来, 将可以掌握交换电池组的控制权。
[0064] 接着, 以下将配合上述, 再举例说明依据本发明第五至第七实施例的一种电动 车辆用的交换电池组的使用方法及控制方法。 请参照图 6所示, 本发明第五实施 例是以使用电动车辆的角度的交换电池组的控制方法, 其包括程序 P01至程序 P0 5。
[0065] 程序 P01将一电动车辆移动至一电力供应站。 在电动车辆中具有一主电池组以 及一第一交换电池组, 其中第一交换电池组的体积小于主电池组的体积。
[0066] 程序 P02于电力供应站将第一交换电池组由电动车辆上卸载。 其在电力供应站 由操作人员将原来装载于电动车辆上的第一交换电池组卸载, 并将该第一交换 电池组移至储存区, 以供后续检测、 解锁或充电。
[0067] 程序 P03由电力供应站的操作人员依据使用者的需求, 而将一使用限制条件输 入至第二交换电池组的条件限制模块。 该使用限制条件包括但不限于充电容量 限制、 放电容量限制、 使用吋间限制或禁止充电等。
[0068] 程序 P04对第二交换电池组进行充电上锁程序。 其由电力供应站的操作人员对 第二交换电池组施以认证措施, 例如以账号密码进行锁定、 以指纹进行锁定、 以触控手势进行锁定、 或以锁匙进行锁定, 以使得使用者在充电上所程序之后 无法变更使用限制条件。
[0069] 程序 P05由电力供应站的操作人员将第二交换电池组装载于电动车辆上, 而使 用者则能依据使用限制条件而使用该第二交换电池组。 于本实施例中, 在第二 交换电池组装载于电动车辆之后, 第二交换电池组亦可将其使用限制条件传送 至电动车辆的控制中枢, 接着并依据使用限制条件提供其电能至电动车辆。 换 句话说, 使用限制条件除了限制对交换电池组的充电的外, 亦可限制交换电池 组的放电。
[0070] 接着, 请再参照图 7所示, 本发明第六实施例是以使用交换电池组的角度所述 的交换电池组的控制方法, 其包括程序 P11至程序 P16。
[0071] 程序 P11将交换电池组由一第一电动车辆上卸载。 其由电力供应站的操作人员 将交换电池组由第一电动车辆卸载。
[0072] 程序 P12由电力供应站的操作人员对交换电池组进行充电解锁程序。 其于电力 供应站由操作人员输入认证条件至交换电池组的认证模块, 以解除条件限制模 块的使用限制条件。
[0073] 程序 P13对交换电池组进行充电程序。 其于电力供应站对已经解除使用限制条 件的交换电池组进行充电程序。
[0074] 程序 P14对充电完成的交换电池组进行使用限制条件的设定。 其于电力供应站 由操作人员依据使用者的需求而输入适当的使用限制条件至交换电池组的条件 限制模块。
[0075] 程序 P15对交换电池组进行充电上锁程序。 其由电力供应站的操作人员对交换 电池组施以认证措施, 例如以账号密码进行锁定、 以指纹进行锁定、 以触控手 势进行锁定、 或以锁匙或电子锁匙进行锁定, 以令使用者在充电上所程序之后 无法变更使用限制条件。
[0076] 程序 P16由操作人员将交换电池组装载于一第二电动车辆上, 而使用者则能依 据使用限制条件而使用交换电池组。
[0077] 接着, 请再参照图 8所示, 其以使用者使用装载于电动车辆上的交换电池组的 角度所述的交换电池组的控制方法, 其包括程序 P21至程序 P25。
[0078] 程序 P21由使用者将电能提供至交换电池组的电能传输端子。 电能可由电动车 辆预设的连接端子而输入至交换电池组的电能传输端子, 在此并不加以限制其 连接形态。
[0079] 程序 P22由交换电池组的反馈模块撷取电能转换单元的输入特性参数或输出特 性参数, 并将其转换成一反馈信号而传输至控制单元的处理模块。
[0080] 程序 P23由处理模块依据使用限制条件及反馈信号进行比对, 以判断二者是否 相符合, 当二者不符吋则进行程序 P24, 而当二者相符吋则进行程序 P25。
[0081] 程序 P24继续充电程序, 其持续由外部提供电能至交换电池组的电池单元。 程 序 P25停止充电程序, 其停止电能转换单元的运作而使得电能无法再传输至电池 单元。
[0082] 综上所述, 依据本发明的应用于电动车辆的交换电池组的控制方法, 其可将交 换电池组进行充电上锁程序, 意即交换电池组在充电上锁程序后, 要对其充电 是被条件限制模块中的使用限制条件所限制的。 交换电池组的拥有者可使交换 电池组禁止充电, 或对其设定限制条件, 以令使用者在限制条件内使用交换电 池组。 由于限制条件以及充电解锁程序或充电上锁程序的权限掌握在交换电池 组的拥有者 (例如电力供应站) , 因此能由拥有者掌控交换电池组的使用方式 。 如此一来, 对于交换电池组的拥有者电力供应站来说, 将可有效的避免使用 者无限制且任意地使用交换电池组。
[0083] 本发明符合发明专利的要件, 爰依法提出专利申请。 但是, 以上仅为本发明的 较佳实施例, 自不能以此限制本案的申请专利范围。 举凡熟悉本案技艺的人士 , 爰依本案发明精神所作的等效修饰或变化, 皆应包括于以下的申请专利范围 内。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种应用于一电动车辆的交换电池组的控制方法, 其中该电动车辆可 同吋装载有一主电池组及至少一交换电池组, 其特征在于, 包括有以 下步骤:
在对一交换电池组充电之前, 进行一充电解锁程序; 以及
在该交换电池组充电之后, 对该交换电池组进行一充电上锁程序。
[权利要求 2] 如权利要求 1所述的交换电池组的控制方法, 其特征在于该控制方法 还包括:
在对该交换电池组充电之前, 由一电动车辆卸载该交换电池组; 以及 在该充电上锁程序之后, 将该交换电池组装载于一电动车辆。
[权利要求 3] 如权利要求 1所述的交换电池组的控制方法, 其特征在于, 以软件验 证方式进行该充电解锁程序或该充电上锁程序。
[权利要求 4] 如权利要求 1的交换电池组的控制方法, 其特征在于, 以机械结构进 行该充电解锁程序或该充电上锁程序。
[权利要求 5] 如权利要求 1的交换电池组的控制方法, 其特征在于, 在进行该充电 上锁程序之前, 对该交换电池组设定一使用限制条件。
[权利要求 6] 如权利要求 5的交换电池组的控制方法, 其特征在于, 该使用限制条 件包括一充电吋间限制条件或一充电电能量限制条件。
[权利要求 7] 如权利要求 5的交换电池组的控制方法, 其特征在于, 该使用限制条 件为一充电关闭指令。
[权利要求 8] 如权利要求 5的交换电池组的控制方法, 其特征在于, 当该交换电池 组于该充电解锁程序之前进行充电吋, 该控制方法还包括: 由一反馈单元传送一反馈信号至一控制单元;
由该控制单元比对该使用限制条件与该反馈信号; 以及
当该反馈信号满足该使用限制条件, 由该控制单元产生一中断信号。
[权利要求 9] 如权利要求 7的交换电池组的控制方法, 其特征在于, 当该交换电池 组于该充电解锁程序之前进行充电吋, 该控制方法还包括: 由该控制单元依据一吋钟信号与该使用限制条件进行比对; 以及 当该吋钟信号满足该使用限制条件, 由该控制单元产生一中断信号。
[权利要求 10] 如权利要求 8或 9的交换电池组的控制方法, 其特征在于, 该中断信号 传送至一电能转换单元。
[权利要求 11] 如权利要求 10的交换电池组的控制方法, 其特征在于, 该电能转换单 元依据一第一电能而产生一第二电能, 该反馈单元撷取该第一电能或 该第二电能的一特性参数。
[权利要求 12] 如权利要求 5的交换电池组的控制方法, 当该交换电池组装载于该电 动车辆后, 其特征在于还包括:
将该使用限制条件传送于该电动车辆; 以及
该交换电池组依据该使用限制条件提供一电能至该电动车辆。
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