WO2016107515A1 - 样品采集和热解析进样装置和方法以及痕量检测设备 - Google Patents

样品采集和热解析进样装置和方法以及痕量检测设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016107515A1
WO2016107515A1 PCT/CN2015/099185 CN2015099185W WO2016107515A1 WO 2016107515 A1 WO2016107515 A1 WO 2016107515A1 CN 2015099185 W CN2015099185 W CN 2015099185W WO 2016107515 A1 WO2016107515 A1 WO 2016107515A1
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Prior art keywords
sample
chamber
piston
thermal analysis
sample collection
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PCT/CN2015/099185
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张清军
李元景
陈志强
朱伟平
何会绍
马秋峰
刘耀红
邹湘
常建平
Original Assignee
同方威视技术股份有限公司
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Application filed by 同方威视技术股份有限公司 filed Critical 同方威视技术股份有限公司
Priority to US15/117,086 priority Critical patent/US10215666B2/en
Priority to EP15860000.7A priority patent/EP3242130B1/en
Priority to JP2016532073A priority patent/JP6286042B2/ja
Publication of WO2016107515A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016107515A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2214—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling by sorption
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2211—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with cyclones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2273—Atmospheric sampling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
    • G01N1/405—Concentrating samples by adsorption or absorption
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N30/04—Preparation or injection of sample to be analysed
    • G01N30/06—Preparation
    • G01N30/08—Preparation using an enricher
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/02—Details
    • H01J49/04—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
    • H01J49/0422—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components for gaseous samples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/02—Details
    • H01J49/04—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
    • H01J49/0459—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components for solid samples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/02—Details
    • H01J49/04—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
    • H01J49/0468—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components with means for heating or cooling the sample
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/42—Low-temperature sample treatment, e.g. cryofixation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N30/04—Preparation or injection of sample to be analysed
    • G01N30/06—Preparation
    • G01N30/12—Preparation by evaporation
    • G01N2030/126—Preparation by evaporation evaporating sample
    • G01N2030/128—Thermal desorption analysis

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to the field of security detection techniques and, more particularly, to a sample collection and thermal analysis injection device and method, and a trace detection apparatus capable of volatility, semi-volatile, surface contamination
  • the material is collected in real time and pre-concentrated. It is suitable for rapid collection of gas chromatograph (GC), ion mobility spectrometer (IMS), gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) combined spectrometer. .
  • GC gas chromatograph
  • IMS ion mobility spectrometer
  • GC-IMS gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry
  • IMS ion mobility spectrometry
  • ppb trace
  • IMS is widely used for the detection or monitoring of chemical warfare agents, drugs, explosives, and the environment.
  • IMS is used as a testing instrument to detect the mixture, there are some problems as follows: (1) Due to the manufacturing process, the resolution of commercial IMS is only about 30, so it is difficult to distinguish compounds with similar mobility; (2) The ions of some compounds will undergo complex reactions in the ionization zone and quench each other; (3) The dynamic range of IMS is relatively low. When one or several compounds are very concentrated, it will affect the ionogenesis of other compounds, resulting in missed detection. . For the above reasons, IMS is prone to false negatives and false positives when detecting complex mixtures.
  • the GC-IMS combined technology utilizes the ability of GC to separate the outstanding samples, pre-separates the mixture, separates the mixture into a single component, and then enters the IMS for detection. This combined technique can greatly improve the accuracy of detection of the mixture. Since the analysis time of conventional GC is on the order of more than ten minutes, it is difficult to meet the needs of rapid on-site detection. In recent years, rapid GC technology has been rapidly developed, and its separation time (tens of seconds to several minutes) is greatly shortened compared with conventional GC.
  • the fast GC-IMS inherits the separation ability of the GC, on the other hand, it inherits the characteristics of high sensitivity and fast response of the IMS, so it can detect complex samples with high detection limit, the detection limit is better than the ppb level, and the detection time is several. Within seconds to a few minutes, in addition, the fast GC-IMS has sufficient advantages in miniaturization and portability, and is very suitable for on-site rapid detection of complex components. This technology will be used in anti-terrorism, drug smuggling, environmental monitoring, food safety. Other fields play a powerful role.
  • the injector is an integral part of the trace analysis instrument.
  • the main injection methods for individual IMS include wiping sample thermal analysis and direct material thermal analysis.
  • Wipe sampling method usually uses a certain degree of flexibility The high temperature wiping paper wipes the substance to be inspected, and then the sampling paper is placed in the thermal analysis injector card slot, and the adhered substance on the sampling paper is resolved by heating. This method is only suitable for sampling surface-contaminated substances and is not suitable for direct sampling of volatile and semi-volatile substances.
  • GC injection requirements are different from IMS, GC requires that the sample components be rapidly vaporized and mixed with the carrier gas for rapid, accurate, and quantitative addition to the GC column head. Therefore, the existing IMS injection method is not suitable for GC-IMS in principle or in sampling efficiency.
  • the split sample injection/split injection method is generally used for the solution sample. This method not only needs to consider the interference of the sample matrix to the analysis but also the interference of the sample solvent on the analysis. At the same time, the sample Complex pre-processing is also required and is not suitable for on-site quick inspection. Even the headspace injection, which is currently widely used, does not require complicated pre-treatment, but the headspace injection needs to “destructively” acquire a certain amount of sample, so it is not suitable for direct trace gas without unpacking. On-site quick inspection.
  • the existing IMS and GC sampling and sampling techniques are inefficient in collecting samples, the acquisition speed is slow, and the unpacking process is required, which is not suitable for rapid GC-IMS on-site quick inspection.
  • the present invention has been made in order to overcome at least one of the above and other problems and disadvantages of the prior art.
  • a sample collection and thermal resolution sampling device comprising:
  • a piston adsorber having an adsorption chamber in communication with the sample acquisition structure, the adsorption chamber configured to adsorb a sample collected by the sample collection structure;
  • a piston cylinder defining a piston chamber for receiving a piston adsorber and communicating with the adsorption chamber
  • thermal analysis chamber in communication with the adsorption chamber and the piston chamber and configured to thermally resolve the sample adsorbed within the adsorption chamber
  • a pump connected to the piston chamber through the conduit and configured to draw a sample leaking into the ambient gas to the adsorption chamber through the sample acquisition structure
  • the piston adsorber is configured to move within the piston chamber between the sample collection position and the sample resolution position, wherein the adsorption chamber is positioned outside the thermal analysis chamber and is in communication with the sample collection structure for adsorption by the sample collection.
  • the sample collected by the structure is positioned in the thermal analysis chamber in the sample resolution position so that the adsorbed sample is thermally resolved in the thermal analysis chamber.
  • the sample collection structure may include a sample collection port, a filter structure mounted on the sample collection port, and a connecting tube connecting the sample collection port to the piston cylinder, and the piston cylinder may be installed in the heat
  • the cylinder on the chamber is disposed, and the cylinder is provided with a sampling connection nozzle communicating with the piston chamber, and one end of the connection tube is configured to be sealingly and detachably mounted in the sampling connection nozzle.
  • a desiccant for absorbing moisture in the collected sample may be placed in the connecting tube.
  • At least one portion of the connecting tube includes a retractable hose.
  • the piston adsorber may include a piston rod body and an adsorption chamber connected to an end of the piston rod body, and the adsorption chamber may include a mesh structure internally filled with an adsorbent.
  • the adsorption chamber can include an adsorption channel that can be configured to communicate with the sample acquisition structure to receive the collected sample when the piston adsorber is in the sample collection position.
  • the piston adsorber can also include a thermal pad detachably coupled to one end of the adsorption chamber remote from the piston rod body.
  • the piston rod body may include a cooling passage and a plurality of through holes formed in a lower portion of the piston rod body, and the cooling passage may be configured to be directly when the piston type adsorber is located in the sample collection position Communicating with the ambient gas and communicating with the ambient gas through a cooling through hole formed in the piston cylinder when the piston adsorber is in the sample resolving position, and the plurality of through holes are configured to communicate with the cooling passage and the piston chamber.
  • the sample collection and thermal resolution sampling device described above may also include a plurality of sealing rings disposed about the piston adsorber such that the piston adsorber can be sealingly received within the piston cylinder.
  • the piston cylinder can include a guide rail disposed within the thermal analysis chamber to direct movement of the piston adsorber within the thermal analysis chamber.
  • the thermal resolution chamber may include a cavity and a liner disposed within the inner wall of the cavity, and the outer wall of the cavity may be coated with a heating structure.
  • the thermal analysis chamber may also be provided with a carrier gas inlet, an outlet, and an analytical instrument interface.
  • the sample collection and thermal resolution sampling device described above may further include a thermal insulation structure disposed between the piston cylinder and the thermal analysis chamber, and an O-ring may be disposed between the three components to form a sealed analytical chamber.
  • a trace detection apparatus comprising the above described sample collection and thermal resolution injection device, and a sample analysis instrument coupled to the sample collection and thermal resolution injection device.
  • a method of collecting and analyzing a sample using the sample collection and thermal resolution sampling device described above comprising the steps of: positioning a piston adsorber in a sample collection position such that the adsorption chamber is The sample collection structure is connected; the pump is activated to draw the sample leaking into the ambient gas into the adsorption chamber through the sample collection structure; the thermal analysis temperature control system is activated to maintain the temperature of the thermal analysis chamber at a constant high temperature; The piston adsorber is positioned in the sample resolution position such that the adsorption chamber is positioned within the thermal analysis chamber and the sample adsorbed by the adsorption chamber is precipitated in the thermal analysis chamber at a high temperature.
  • the pump can be continuously operated to continuously draw the sample and pre-concentrate the sample in the adsorption chamber.
  • the pump may be turned on to evacuate the portion of the piston adsorber positioned outside the thermal analysis chamber at room temperature.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing the structure of a sample collection and thermal analysis sampling device in a sample collection state, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing an example of a configuration of a sample collection structure in the sample collection and thermal analysis sample introduction device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a view schematically showing an example of the structure of a piston type adsorber in the sample collection and thermal analysis sampling device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram schematically showing the structure of a sample collection and thermal analysis sampling device in a parsed injection state, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • a sample collection and thermal analysis sampling device comprising: a sample collection structure; a piston adsorber having an adsorption chamber connectable to the sample collection structure, the adsorption chamber being configured to The sample collected by the sample collection structure is adsorbed; the piston cylinder defines a piston chamber for accommodating the piston adsorber and communicating with the adsorption chamber; the thermal analysis chamber is in communication with the adsorption chamber and the piston chamber and is configured to be thermally analyzed and adsorbed in the adsorption a sample in the chamber; and a pump communicating with the piston chamber through the conduit and configured to draw a sample leaking into the ambient gas to the adsorption chamber through the sample acquisition structure, wherein the piston adsorber is configured to be capable of being in the sample collection position And moving in the piston cavity between the sample resolution position, in the sample collection position, the adsorption cavity is positioned outside the thermal analysis cavity and communicates with the sample collection structure to adsorb the sample collected by the sample collection structure
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the structure of a sample collection and thermal analysis sampling device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the sample collection and thermal resolution sampling device mainly includes a sample collection structure 1, a piston adsorber 2, a piston cylinder 3, a thermal analysis chamber 4, and a pump 5.
  • the structure and operation of each component will be detailed below.
  • the sample collection structure 1 mainly includes a sample collection port 1-1, a filter structure 1-2 mounted on the sample collection port 1-1, and a connection pipe 1 for connecting the sample collection port 1-1 to the piston cylinder 3. -3.
  • the sample collection port 1-1 can adopt a horn shape, which is placed in the ambient gas leaking the sample to be sampled or the surface contaminated sample during sampling, can effectively increase the collection area of the sample, and is beneficial to the rapid collection of the sample.
  • a filter structure 1-2 such as a screen, installed at the front end of the sample collection port 1-1 prevents large particulate matter from entering and clogging the pipeline.
  • the sample collection port 1-1 is connected and connected to the piston cylinder 3 through a connecting pipe 1-2.
  • the desiccant 1-4 can be placed in the connecting tube 1-2, and the desiccant can absorb the moisture and moisture mixed in the collected sample during the sample collection process, and can protect the column and the migration tube of the analytical instrument.
  • the desiccant may be enclosed in a desiccant bag, and may be provided in the connecting tube for fixing the desiccant Or the structure 1-5 of the desiccant pack, such as a projection, to prevent the desiccant or desiccant pack from moving under the suction of the pump.
  • At least one portion of the connecting tube 1-2 may be constructed of a flexible hose or bellows 1-6, which may be used for sampling such retractable hoses or bellows 1-6
  • the stretching and/or rotation is performed to adjust the direction of the sample collection port 1-1, which greatly facilitates the user's collection of the sample.
  • the ends 1-7 of the connecting tube 1-2 are configured to be sealingly and detachably connected to the piston cylinder 3.
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows an example of a piston type adsorber of the present invention.
  • the piston adsorber 2 is generally in the form of a cylindrical piston reciprocable within the piston cylinder 3, and mainly includes a piston rod body 2-1 and an adsorption chamber 2 connected to the end of the piston rod body 2-1. 2.
  • the piston rod body 2-1 can be made of a chemically stable heat-resistant material such as polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the adsorption chamber 2-2 may include a mesh structure internally filled with the adsorbent 2-3, that is, a mesh-shaped small hole is opened in the chamber wall, and an adsorbent is placed inside the chamber.
  • the adsorption characteristics of the adsorbent material can be selectively added according to different detection requirements. This on-demand selection method enhances the selective adsorption of the test sample to some extent. It will be appreciated that the diameter of the filled adsorbent should be greater than the mesh pore size of the network structure. As shown in Fig.
  • the adsorption chamber 2-2 may have a partially hollow form, i.e., may include an adsorption channel 2-6, which may be L-shaped or crutches, having an opening in the chamber wall.
  • the adsorption channel is in communication with the sample collection structure during sampling to receive a sample that is drawn into the vicinity via the connection tube 1-3. In this way, not only can the sample enter the adsorbent, but also the contact area between the sample and the adsorbent can be increased, which is favorable for sample adsorption.
  • the piston rod body 2-1 may include a cooling passage 2-7 and a plurality of through holes 2-8 formed in a lower portion of the piston rod body.
  • the cooling passages 2-7 are configured to communicate directly with the ambient gas when the piston adsorber is in the sample collection position and through the cooling formed in the piston cylinder when the piston adsorber is in the sample resolution position The through hole is in communication with the ambient gas.
  • the cooling passages 2-7 may also be L-shaped or crutches, having openings to the ambient gas; the through holes 2-8 are configured to be in communication with the cooling passages 2-7 and the interior of the piston cylinder 3.
  • the hollow piston rod body can reduce the mass of the piston type adsorber on the one hand, and facilitate the rapid rise and fall of the adsorber on the one hand, and the cooling air inlet of the upper part of the pump 5 and the piston cylinder 3 on the other hand during the analytical injection.
  • the pumping air can be used to air-cool the upper part of the adsorber, speeding up the cooling speed of the upper part of the piston adsorber, and contributing to the adsorption chamber located in the lower part of the piston type adsorber.
  • the rapid cooling of the adsorbent in the cavity which is beneficial to the adsorption of the sample.
  • the piston type adsorber 2 may further include a heat insulating mat 2-4 detachably connected to one end of the adsorption chamber 2-2 away from the piston rod body 2-1, that is, the adsorption chamber 2-2 is located Piston rod body Between 2-1 and the insulation pad 2-4.
  • the adsorbent in the adsorption chamber can be replaced by pulling out the piston adsorber or unscrewing the piston cylinder and unscrewing or removing the insulating pad at the bottom of the adsorber.
  • the insulation pad can be made of polytetrafluoroethylene material.
  • the insulation pad can reduce the heat transfer from the thermal analysis chamber to the adsorption chamber, which can effectively ensure the adsorption chamber and adsorbent retention during sampling/enrichment of the piston adsorber. Low temperatures, such as near room temperature, facilitate sample adsorption and enrichment.
  • a plurality of sealing rings 2-5 are sleeved on the piston adsorber 2, such as on the outer surface of the piston adsorber 2, such that the piston adsorber 2 can be sealingly received in the piston cylinder 3 Inside.
  • the arrangement of the sealing ring 2-5 is such that the piston adsorber 2 reciprocates between the highest position (such as the sample collection position) and the lowest position (such as the sample resolution position) in the piston cylinder 3, the piston adsorber 2 can maintain a sealing contact with the inner wall of the piston cylinder 3 through the sealing ring 2-5, as shown in Figs.
  • a seal ring 2-5 is provided at a position above and below the opening of the adsorption passage 2-6 and at an upper and lower position of the opening of the cooling passage 2-7, as shown in FIG.
  • the end of the piston rod body 2-1 of the piston type adsorber 2 may also be provided with a push-pull handle 2-9 for reciprocating movement of the piston type adsorber 2 in the piston cylinder 3 by a user.
  • the piston cylinder 3 mainly includes a cylinder block 3-1 and a piston chamber 3-2 for accommodating the piston type adsorber 2 and communicating with the adsorption chamber 2-2.
  • the cylinder block 3-1 may be made of a polytetrafluoro material having high strength, heat resistance, and chemical stability, and defines at least a portion of the piston chamber 3-2.
  • the cylinder block 3-1 is mounted on the thermal analysis chamber 4, and the cylinder block 3-1 is provided with a sampling connection nozzle 3-3 communicating with the piston chamber 3-2.
  • the end of the connecting tube 1-3 of the sample collecting structure 1 can be sealingly and detachably mounted or inserted in the sampling connecting nozzle 3-3, thereby realizing the internal sample passage and the piston chamber of the sample collecting structure 1.
  • a valve for controlling the opening and closing of such communication may be provided in the sampling connection nozzle 3-3.
  • the cylinder block 3-1 is also provided with a pump connection nozzle 3-4, and the pump 5 is connected to the gas nozzle 3-4 through the conduit 5-1 to communicate with the piston chamber 3-2 for sample sampling/enrichment or preconcentration.
  • pump 5, conduit 5-1, pump connection nozzle 3-4, piston chamber 3-2, sampling connection nozzle 3-3, connection tube 1-3, sample collection port 1-1 constitute a communication path, open pump 5
  • the sample to be sampled in the ambient gas eg, volatile, semi-volatile, or surface-contaminated material
  • pump 5 continues to operate and the sample can be enriched or pre-concentrated within the adsorption chamber.
  • the entire piston adsorber is at room temperature during the sampling process.
  • the piston cylinder 3 may further include guide rails 3-6 disposed in the thermal analysis chamber 4 to guide the movement of the piston adsorber 2 in the thermal analysis chamber 2, which can effectively prevent the piston adsorber 2 from shaking and enhance the degree of firmness.
  • the guide rail 3-6 is connected to the cylinder block 3-1 and defines a portion of the piston chamber 3-2.
  • the form of the guide rail 3-6 is not limited
  • the system in one example, may be two parallel rod-shaped tracks or have a cylindrical shape.
  • the thermal resolution chamber 4 primarily includes a cavity 4-1 and an interior space defined by the cavity 4-1 for thermal analysis of the sample.
  • a carrier gas inlet 4-2, a split and/or purge gas outlet 4-3, and an interface 4-4 for connecting an analytical instrument such as a chromatography column or IMS are disposed on the chamber 4-1.
  • a chemically stable liner 4-5 can be sealed, which can effectively avoid direct contact of the sample with the metal wall of the thermal resolution chamber.
  • the liner 3-11 can be periodically replaced to prevent direct contamination of the sample into the thermal analysis chamber, reduce the sample distortion rate, and improve the sample detection accuracy and reliability.
  • the outer wall of the chamber of the thermal analysis chamber 4 may be coated with a heating structure or a heating film for heating the thermal analysis chamber 4.
  • the thermal resolution chamber 3-10 can be provided with a temperature sensor, such as on the outer surface of the chamber, for detecting and monitoring the temperature within the thermal resolution chamber in real time.
  • the outer wall of the cavity of the thermal analysis chamber 4 may be covered with thermal insulation cotton for insulating the thermal analysis chamber to save energy.
  • the heating structure, the temperature sensor and/or the insulating cotton constitute a component of the thermal analysis temperature control system for maintaining the temperature of the thermal analysis chamber at a constant high temperature, such as 80 ° C to 300 ° C, under the control of the controller.
  • the thermal resolution chamber can be programmed in a temperature-programmed mode to reduce power consumption.
  • a thermal insulation structure 4-6 such as a porous ceramic insulation disk, can be disposed or inserted between the thermal analysis chamber 4 and the piston cylinder 3, which can effectively isolate the thermal analysis chamber from the upper half of the piston adsorber during sample analysis.
  • Heat exchange between the piston rod body (such as the piston rod body) effectively isolates the heat exchange between the thermal analysis chamber and the piston adsorber during sample collection, and effectively isolates the heat exchange between the thermal analysis chamber and the upper half of the piston cylinder It ensures that the entire piston adsorber is at room temperature during sample collection, which is beneficial to sample collection.
  • the thermal analysis temperature control system is started to maintain the temperature of the thermal analysis chamber at a suitable constant high temperature (80 ° C ⁇ 300 ° C), and the piston adsorber adsorbing the sample is quickly pushed.
  • a suitable constant high temperature 80 ° C ⁇ 300 ° C
  • the piston adsorber adsorbing the sample is quickly pushed.
  • the thermal analysis chamber with high temperature the adsorbent pushed into the thermal desorption chamber is rapidly heated, and the sample adsorbed in the adsorption chamber is instantaneously precipitated at a high temperature, and the precipitated sample is introduced from the carrier gas inlet from the thermal analysis chamber.
  • the preheated carrier gas is mixed and finally carried into the detector or analytical instrument for detection or analysis.
  • the pump 5 while pushing the adsorption chamber into the thermal analysis chamber, the pump 5, the piston chamber 3-2, the plurality of through holes 2-8 formed in the piston rod body, the cooling passages 2-7, and the piston cylinder 3
  • the upper cooling gas inlets 3-5 form a communication passage. Therefore, the upper portion of the piston adsorber (including the piston rod body) remaining outside the thermal analysis chamber can be air-cooled by the pump 5, which is beneficial to the next time. Sample adsorption and enrichment or preconcentration.
  • This sample collection and thermal resolution sampler with enrichment or pre-concentration function can be directly used as IMS spectrometer or GC, and can also be used as injection of trace chemical analysis spectrometers such as IMS-GC and GC-MS. The device will not be described here.
  • the piston adsorber 2 is pulled and positioned in the sample collection position as shown in FIG. 1, so that the adsorption chamber 2-2 is in communication with the sample collection structure 1.
  • the pump 5, the conduit 5-1, and the pump connection nozzle are connected. 3-4.
  • a part of the piston chamber 3-2 (including a portion surrounding the adsorption chamber), the sampling connection nozzle 3-3, the connection tube 1-3 and the sample collection port 1-1 form a communication path by means of the sealing ring 2-5
  • the pump 5 is started to work to extract the sample to be sampled in the ambient gas (for example, volatile, semi-volatile matter or surface-contaminating substance) into the adsorption chamber 2-2, and adsorbed by the adsorption chamber 2-2/ Pre-concentrated.
  • pump 5 can continue to operate to enrich or pre-concentrate the sample within the adsorption chamber.
  • the entire piston adsorber is at room temperature during the sampling process.
  • the thermal analysis temperature control system is started to maintain the temperature of the thermal analysis chamber 4 at a constant high temperature, then rapidly move and position the piston adsorber 2 in the sample analysis position as shown in FIG. 4, so that the adsorption chamber 2 -2 is positioned within the thermal analysis chamber 4.
  • the adsorption chamber 2-2 can be sealed in the lower portion of the piston chamber 3-2 through the sealing ring 2-5 and thereby sealed in the thermal analysis chamber 4.
  • the adsorbent pushed into the thermal desorption chamber 4 is rapidly heated, and the sample adsorbed in the adsorption chamber 2-2 is instantaneously precipitated at a high temperature, and the precipitated sample and the carrier gas inlet 4-2 from the thermal analysis chamber 4 are instantaneously deposited.
  • the introduced preheated carrier gas is mixed and finally carried by a carrier gas into a detector or analytical instrument (not shown) for detection or analysis.
  • the pump 5 the conduit 5-1, the pump connection nozzle 3-4, a portion of the piston chamber 3-2 (ie, the portion outside the thermal analysis chamber 4), formed in the piston
  • the plurality of through holes 2-8 in the rod body 2-1, the cooling passages 2-7, and the cooling gas inlets 3-5 on the piston cylinder 3 form a passage or space in communication with the ambient gas. Therefore, the upper half of the piston type adsorber 2 (including the piston rod body) remaining outside the thermal analysis chamber 4 can be air-cooled by pumping 5, so that the piston type adsorber can be positioned outside the thermal analysis chamber. Partially maintained at room temperature facilitates next sample adsorption and enrichment or preconcentration.
  • the sample collection and thermal analysis sampling device described above can directly inhale and sample the gas on the surface of the object or the surrounding gas to obtain a sample of volatile, semi-volatile or surface-contaminated substances;
  • the sample can be heated and precipitated in the thermal analysis chamber, and then taken into the chromatogram or IMS spectrometer for detection or analysis.
  • the inhalation pump can be used to continuously inhale.
  • the preconcentration of the sample can reduce the detection limit of the detector such as IMS, and reduce the development difficulty and cost of the instrument;
  • the analytical sample introduction device can be air-cooled by itself, which is beneficial to the next sample collection and enrichment.
  • the sample sampling, pre-concentration and thermal analysis integrated sampling method of the invention does not require an external headspace device, and does not require preparation of a solution or unpacking sampling, thereby saving space and time, and facilitating the miniaturization and portable development of the instrument. It also increases the throughput of the instrument, which is very beneficial to the airport, On-site rapid inspection by customs.

Abstract

一种样品采集和热解析进样装置，包括：样品采集结构（1）；活塞式吸附器（2），具有能够与样品采集结构（1）连通的用于吸附所采集的样品的吸附腔（2-2）；活塞缸（3），限定用于容纳所述吸附器（2）并与吸附腔（2-2）连通的活塞腔（3-2）；热解析腔（4），与吸附腔（2-2）和活塞腔（3-2）连通并热解析被吸附在吸附腔（2-2）内的样品；和泵（5），通过导管（5-1）与活塞腔（3-2）连通并通过样品采集结构（1）将环境气体中的样品抽吸到吸附腔（2-2），所述吸附器（2）被构造成能够在样品采集位置和样品解析位置之间在活塞腔（3-2）内移动，在采集位置中吸附腔（2-2）定位在热解析腔（4）外并与样品采集结构（1）连通以吸附由其采集的样品，在解析位置中吸附腔（2-2）定位在热解析腔（4）内使所吸附的样品在热解析腔（4）内被热解析。还提供了采用上述装置进行样品采集和解析的方法和痕量检测设备。

Description

样品采集和热解析进样装置和方法以及痕量检测设备 技术领域
本发明的实施例一般地涉及安全检测技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种样品采集和热解析进样装置和方法、以及痕量检测设备，其能够对挥发性、半挥发性、表面沾染物质等进行现场实时采集并进行预浓缩，适合用于气相色谱仪(GC)，离子迁移谱仪(IMS)、气相色谱-离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)联用谱仪等的快速采集进样。
背景技术
离子迁移谱(IMS)技术具有结构简单，灵敏度高，分析速度快的特点。它能够在大气压或接近大气压下实现物质的快速、痕量(ppb量级)检测，非常适合于现场使用。因而IMS被广泛用于化学战剂、毒品、爆炸物、环境等方面的检测或监测。但IMS单独作为检测仪器对混合物进行检测时，存在如下一些问题：(1)由于制造工艺的问题，现在商用IMS的分辨率只有30左右，因此很难对迁移率相近的化合物进行区分；(2)一些化合物的离子在电离区会发生复杂的反应而互相湮灭；(3)IMS的动态范围比较低，当有一种或几种化合物浓度非常大时会影响其他化合物的离子生成，从而造成漏检。基于以上原因IMS在检测成分复杂的混合物时，容易发生漏报、误报。
GC-IMS联用技术利用GC对复杂样品突出的分离能力，对混合物进行预分离，使混合物分离成单一组分后再进入IMS进行检测，这种联用技术能够大大提高对混合物检测准确度。由于常规GC的分析时间在十分钟以上量级，难以满足现场快速检测的需要，近年来快速GC技术得到了迅速的发展，其分离时间(几十秒-几分钟)与常规GC相比大大缩短，快速GC-IMS一方面传承了GC的分离能力，另一方面又继承了IMS高灵敏度、响应速度快的特性，因而能够检测成分复杂的样品，检测限优于ppb量级，检测时间在几秒到几分钟以内，此外快速GC-IMS在小型化及便携式方面体现出了充分的优势，非常适合于复杂成分的现场快速检测，这种技术将在反恐防暴，毒品走私，环境监测，食品安全等领域发挥强大的作用。
进样器是痕量分析仪器不可或缺的部分。单独的IMS的主要的进样方式包括擦拭采样热解析和直接取物热解析。擦拭采样方式通常采用一定柔韧度的耐 高温擦拭纸擦拭待检物质，然后将采样纸放进热解析进样器卡槽内，通过加热将采样纸上粘附的物质解析出。这种方式仅适合对表面沾染物质进行取样，不适合对挥发性、半挥发性物质直接采样。此外，由于GC的进样要求与IMS不同，GC要求样品成分快速气化并与载气混合后快速、准确、定量地加到GC柱头上。因此现有的IMS进样方式无论是在原理上还是在采样效率上都不适合GC-IMS。
而传统GC进样器，对于溶液样品一般采用分流不进样/分流进样方式，这种方式不仅需要考虑样品基质对分析的干扰而且还要考虑样品溶剂对分析的干扰，与此同时，样品还需进行复杂的前处理，不适合现场快检。即便是目前被广泛应用的顶空进样，虽无需复杂的前处理，但是顶空进样的需要“破坏性”的获取一定量的样品，因此也不适合不拆包情况下痕量气体直接采用的现场快检。
综上所述，现有IMS和GC的采样、进样技术采集样品的效率低，采集速度慢，需要拆包处理，不适合快速GC-IMS进行现场快检。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术存在的上述和其它问题和缺陷中的至少一种，提出了本发明。
根据本发明的一个方面，提出了一种样品采集和热解析进样装置，包括：
样品采集结构；
活塞式吸附器，具有能够与样品采集结构连通的吸附腔，该吸附腔被配置成吸附由样品采集结构采集的样品；
活塞缸，限定用于容纳活塞式吸附器并与吸附腔连通的活塞腔；
热解析腔，与吸附腔和活塞腔连通并被配置成热解析被吸附在吸附腔内的样品；和
泵，通过导管与活塞腔连通并被配置成通过样品采集结构将泄漏到环境气体中的样品抽吸到吸附腔，
其中，活塞式吸附器被构造成能够在样品采集位置和样品解析位置之间在活塞腔内移动，在样品采集位置中吸附腔定位在热解析腔外并与样品采集结构连通以吸附由样品采集结构采集的样品，在样品解析位置中吸附腔定位在热解析腔内使得所吸附的样品在热解析腔内被热解析。
在上述样品采集和热解析进样装置中，样品采集结构可以包括样品采集口、安装在样品采集口上的过滤结构和将样品采集口连接至活塞缸的连接管，并且活塞缸可以包括安装在热解析腔上的缸体，缸体上设置有与活塞腔连通的采样连接气嘴，连接管的一端被构造成密封地和可拆卸地安装在采样连接气嘴中。
在上述样品采集和热解析进样装置中，连接管内可以放置有用于吸收所采集的样品中的水分的干燥剂。
在上述样品采集和热解析进样装置中，连接管的至少一个部分包括可伸缩软管。
在上述样品采集和热解析进样装置中，活塞式吸附器可以包括活塞杆体和连接至活塞杆体的末端的吸附腔，并且吸附腔可以包括内部填充有吸附剂的网状结构。
在上述样品采集和热解析进样装置中，吸附腔可以包括吸附通道，该吸附通道可以被构造成在活塞式吸附器位于样品采集位置中时与样品采集结构连通以接收所采集的样品。
在上述样品采集和热解析进样装置中，活塞式吸附器还可以包括可拆卸地连接至吸附腔的远离活塞杆体的一端的隔热垫。
在上述样品采集和热解析进样装置中，活塞杆体可以包括冷却通道和形成在活塞杆体的下部中的多个通孔，冷却通道可以被构造成在活塞式吸附器位于样品采集位置中时直接与环境气体连通，并在活塞式吸附器位于样品解析位置中时通过形成在活塞缸中的冷却通孔与环境气体连通，并且所述多个通孔被构造成与冷却通道和活塞腔连通。
上述样品采集和热解析进样装置还可以包括多个密封圈，所述多个密封圈围绕活塞式吸附器设置使得活塞式吸附器能够被密封地容纳在活塞缸内。
在上述样品采集和热解析进样装置中，活塞缸可以包括设置在热解析腔内以引导活塞式吸附器在热解析腔内的运动的导轨。
在上述样品采集和热解析进样装置中，热解析腔可以包括腔体和设置在腔体的内壁内的衬管，并且腔体的外壁可以包覆有加热结构。
在上述样品采集和热解析进样装置中，热解析腔还可以设置有载气入口、出气口和分析仪器接口。
上述样品采集和热解析进样装置还可以包括设置在活塞缸和热解析腔之间的隔热结构，在这三个部件之间可以设置O形圈，以形成密封的解析腔。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种痕量检测设备，包括上述样品采集和热解析进样装置、以及连接至样品采集和热解析进样装置的样品分析仪器。
根据本发明的又一个方面，提供了一种采用上述样品采集和热解析进样装置采集和解析样品的方法，包括下述步骤：将活塞式吸附器定位在样品采集位置中，使得吸附腔与样品采集结构连通；启动泵以通过样品采集结构将泄漏到环境气体中的样品抽吸到吸附腔中；启动热解析温控系统以将热解析腔的温度维持在一恒定高温处；以及移动并将活塞式吸附器定位在样品解析位置中，使得吸附腔定位在热解析腔内并且由吸附腔吸附的样品在高温下在热解析腔内析出。
在上述方法中，可以使泵持续工作以连续地抽吸样品并使样品预浓缩在吸附腔内。
在上述方法中，在由吸附腔吸附的样品在高温下在热解析腔内析出期间，可以开启所述泵进行抽气以将活塞式吸附器的定位在热解析腔外的部分保持在室温。
通过下文中参照附图对本发明所作的详细描述，本发明的其它目的和优点将显而易见，并可帮助对本发明有全面的理解。
附图说明
通过参考附图能够更加清楚地理解本发明的特征和优点，附图是示意性的而不应理解为对本发明进行任何限制，在附图中：
图1为示意性地示出根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的、处于样品采集状态中的样品采集和热解析进样装置的结构的框图；
图2示意性地示出了图1中示出的样品采集和热解析进样装置中的样品采集结构的配置的一个示例；
图3示意性地示出了图1中示出的样品采集和热解析进样装置中的活塞式吸附器的结构的一个示例；以及
图4为示意性地示出根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的、处于解析进样状态中的样品采集和热解析进样装置的结构的框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清 楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
另外，在下面的详细描述中，为便于解释，阐述了许多具体的细节以提供对本公开内容的实施例的全面理解。然而明显地，一个或多个实施例在没有这些具体细节的情况下也可以被实施。在其他情况下，公知的结构和装置以图示的方式体现以简化附图。
根据本发明的一个总的构思，提供了一种样品采集和热解析进样装置，包括：样品采集结构；活塞式吸附器，具有能够与样品采集结构连通的吸附腔，该吸附腔被配置成吸附由样品采集结构采集的样品；活塞缸，限定用于容纳活塞式吸附器并与吸附腔连通的活塞腔；热解析腔，与吸附腔和活塞腔连通并被配置成热解析被吸附在吸附腔内的样品；和泵，通过导管与活塞腔连通并被配置成通过样品采集结构将泄漏到环境气体中的样品抽吸到吸附腔，其中，活塞式吸附器被构造成能够在样品采集位置和样品解析位置之间在活塞腔内移动，在样品采集位置中吸附腔定位在热解析腔外并与样品采集结构连通以吸附由样品采集结构采集的样品，在样品解析位置中吸附腔定位在热解析腔内使得所吸附的样品在热解析腔内被热解析。
图1示意性地示出根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的样品采集和热解析进样装置的结构。如图所示，该样品采集和热解析进样装置主要包括样品采集结构1、活塞式吸附器2、活塞缸3、热解析腔4和泵5。以下将详细各个部件的结构和操作。
图2示意性地示出了本发明的样品采集结构的一个示例。在图2中，样品采集结构1主要包括样品采集口1-1、安装在样品采集口1-1上的过滤结构1-2和将样品采集口1-1连接至活塞缸3的连接管1-3。样品采集口1-1可以采用喇叭形形状，其在采样时放置在泄漏有待采样的样品或表面沾染样品的环境气体中，能有效地增大样品的采集面积，有利于样品的快速采集。在样品采集口1-1前端安装的过滤结构1-2，如滤网，可以防止大颗粒物质进入而堵塞管路。样品采集口1-1通过连接管1-2与活塞缸3连接和连通。
连接管1-2内可以放置有干燥剂1-4，干燥剂可以吸收样品采集过程中混在所采集的样品中的水分、湿气等，能够起到保护分析仪器的色谱柱、迁移管的作用。干燥剂可以被包在干燥剂包中，在连接管内可以设置用于固定干燥剂 或干燥剂包的结构1-5，如凸起，以防止干燥剂或干燥剂包在泵的抽吸作用下移动。
连接管1-2的至少一个部分，如在干燥剂之后的部分，可以由可伸缩软管或波纹管1-6构成，在取样时可以对这种可伸缩软管或波纹管1-6可进行拉伸和/或旋转，从而调整样品采集口1-1的方向，极大的方便了用户对样品的采集。连接管1-2的末端1-7被构造成密封地和可拆卸地连接至活塞缸3。
图3示意性地示出了本发明的活塞式吸附器的一个示例。如图所示，活塞式吸附器2整体上为一个可在活塞缸3内往复运动的柱形活塞形式，主要包括活塞杆体2-1和连接至活塞杆体2-1的末端的吸附腔2-2。活塞杆体2-1可以由化学性质稳定的耐热型材料(如聚四氟)制成。
在一个示例中，吸附腔2-2可以包括内部填充有吸附剂2-3的网状结构，即腔壁上开口有网状小孔，腔内部放置吸附剂。吸附剂材料的吸附特性可根据不同的检测需求进行选择性添加，这种按需选择方式，在一定程度上增强了对检测样品的选择性吸附。可以理解，所填充的吸附剂的直径应大于网状结构的网孔孔径。如图3所示，吸附腔2-2可以具有部分中空形式，即可以包括吸附通道2-6，其可以为L形或拐杖形，在腔壁上具有开口。如下文将描述的那样，该吸附通道在采样时与样品采集结构连通，以接收经由连接管1-3被抽吸进近来的样品。这样，不仅能方便样品进入吸附剂，而且能增大样品与吸附剂的接触面积，有利于样品吸附。
在一个示例中，活塞杆体2-1可以包括冷却通道2-7和形成在活塞杆体的下部中的多个通孔2-8。如下文所述，冷却通道2-7被构造成在活塞式吸附器位于样品采集位置中时直接与环境气体连通，并在活塞式吸附器位于样品解析位置中时通过形成在活塞缸中的冷却通孔与环境气体连通。冷却通道2-7也可以是L形或拐杖形，具有通向环境气体的开口；通孔2-8被构造成能够与冷却通道2-7和活塞缸3的内部连通。这种中空的活塞杆体一方面能够减小活塞式吸附器的质量，有利于吸附器快速升、降温，另一方面在解析进样时还可将泵5与活塞缸3的上部的冷却气入口3-5(参见图1和4)连通，采用泵抽气可对吸附器上部进行风冷，加快了活塞式吸附器上部的降温速度，有助于位于活塞式吸附器下半部分的吸附腔及腔内的吸附剂的快速降温，进而有利于样品吸附。
根据本发明的一个实施例，活塞式吸附器2还可以包括可拆卸地连接至吸附腔2-2的远离活塞杆体2-1的一端的隔热垫2-4，即吸附腔2-2位于活塞杆体 2-1和隔热垫2-4之间。示例性地，通过拔出活塞式吸附器或拧下活塞缸，并旋开或去除位于吸附器底部的隔热垫，可以更换吸附腔内的吸附剂。隔热垫可以由聚四氟材料制成，隔热垫的设置能够减少热解析腔至吸附腔的热传递，能有效地保证在活塞式吸附器进行采样/富集时吸附腔和吸附剂保持低温，如处于近乎室温，有利于样品吸附和富集。
在一个实施例中，多个密封圈2-5套设在活塞式吸附器2上，如在活塞式吸附器2的外表面上，使得活塞式吸附器2能够被密封地容纳在活塞缸3内。优选地，密封圈2-5的布置使得在活塞式吸附器2在活塞缸3内的最高位置(如样品采集位置)和最低位置(如样品解析位置)之间往复移动时，活塞式吸附器2都能够通过密封圈2-5与活塞缸3的内壁保持密封接触，如图1和4所示。示例性地，在吸附通道2-6的开口上下的位置处、以及冷却通道2-7的开口的上下位置处，都设置有密封圈2-5，如图3所示。
活塞式吸附器2的活塞杆体2-1的末端还可以设置有推拉手柄2-9，推拉手柄2-9用于由用户推拉活塞式吸附器2在活塞缸3内往复运动。
如图1和4所示，活塞缸3主要包括缸体3-1和用于容纳活塞式吸附器2并与吸附腔2-2连通的活塞腔3-2。缸体3-1可以由强度大、耐热好、化学性质稳定的聚四氟材料制成，并限定活塞腔3-2的至少一部分。缸体3-1安装在热解析腔4上，缸体3-1上设置有与活塞腔3-2连通的采样连接气嘴3-3。如上所述，样品采集结构1的连接管1-3的末端可以密封地和可拆卸地安装或插接在采样连接气嘴3-3中，从而实现样品采集结构1的内部样品通道与活塞腔3-2的连通。采样连接气嘴3-3中可以设置有控制这种连通的开启和关闭的阀。
缸体3-1还设置有泵连接气嘴3-4，泵5通过导管5-1连接至气嘴3-4进而与活塞腔3-2连通，以便在样品采样/富集或预浓缩时，泵5、导管5-1、泵连接气嘴3-4、活塞腔3-2、采样连接气嘴3-3、连接管1-3、样品采集口1-1构成连通通路，开启泵5可以将环境气体中的待采样的样品(如，挥发性、半挥发性物质或表面沾染物质)抽取到吸附腔2-2中，由吸附腔2-2吸附/预浓缩。在样品采样期间，泵5持续工作，可以在吸附腔内富集或预浓缩样品。采样过程中整个活塞式吸附器处于室温。
活塞缸3还可以包括设置在热解析腔4内以引导活塞式吸附器2在热解析腔2内的运动的导轨3-6，其能有效防止活塞式吸附器2晃动，增强牢固程度。导轨3-6连接至缸体3-1，并限定活塞腔3-2的一部分。导轨3-6的形式不受限 制，在一个示例中，可以为两条平行的杆状轨道，或者具有圆筒形形状。
如图1和4所示，热解析腔4主要包括腔体4-1和由腔体4-1限定的用于对样品进行热解析的内部空间。在腔体4-1上设置有载气入口4-2、分流和/或吹扫出气口4-3、和用于连接诸如色谱柱或IMS之类的分析仪器的接口4-4。
在热解析腔4的腔体内，可以密封植入化学性质稳定的衬管4-5，其能有效避免样品与热解析腔的金属壁的直接接触。衬管3-11可定期更换，防止样品对热解析腔的直接污染，降低了样品失真率，提高了样品检测精度及可靠度。在热解析腔4的腔体外壁可以包覆有加热结构或加热膜，用于给热解析腔4加热。热解析腔3-10可以设置有温度传感器，如在腔体外表面上，用于实时检测和监测热解析腔内的温度。此外，在热解析腔4的腔体外壁还可以包覆有保温棉，用于给热解析腔保温，以便节省能耗。加热结构、温度传感器和/或保温棉构成热解析温控系统的部件，用于在控制器的控制下将热解析腔的温度维持在一恒定高温处，如80℃～300℃。热解析腔可以采用程序升温模式，可以减小功率消耗。
在热解析腔4和活塞缸3之间还可以设置或插入隔热结构4-6，如多孔陶瓷绝热盘，其能在样品解析期间有效地隔绝热解析腔与活塞式吸附器的上半部分(如活塞杆体)之间的热交换，在样品采集期间有效地隔绝热解析腔与活塞式吸附器之间的热交换，以及有效地隔绝热解析腔与活塞缸上半部分之间的热交换，确保了样品采集过程中整个活塞式吸附器均处于室温，有利于样品的采集。
在需要对样品进行热解析进样时，先启动热解析温控系统将热解析腔的温度维持在一个合适的恒定高温(80℃～300℃)，将吸附有样品的活塞式吸附器快速推至具有高温的热解析腔内，被推入热解吸腔中的吸附剂被迅速加热，吸附腔内吸附的样品在高温下瞬间析出，析出的样品与从热解析腔的载气入口引入的经预热的载气混合，最终被载气带入检测器或分析仪器中进行检测或分析。
如上所述，在将吸附腔推至热解析腔内的同时，泵5、活塞腔3-2、形成在活塞杆体中的多个通孔2-8、冷却通道2-7、和活塞缸3上的冷却气入口3-5形成连通通路，因此，可采用泵5抽气对留在热解析腔外的活塞式吸附器的上半部分(包括活塞杆体)进行风冷，有利于下一次的样品吸附和富集或预浓缩。
这种具有富集或预浓缩功能的样品采集和热解析进样装置可直接用作IMS谱仪或GC，也可用作IMS-GC，GC-MS等痕量化学物质分析谱仪的进样器，在此不再赘述。
以下将参照图1和4描述上述样品采集和热解析进样装置的操作。首先，拉动并定位活塞式吸附器2在如图1所示的样品采集位置中，使得吸附腔2-2与样品采集结构1连通，此时，泵5、导管5-1、泵连接气嘴3-4、活塞腔3-2的一部分(包括围绕吸附腔的部分)、采样连接气嘴3-3、连接管1-3和样品采集口1-1借助于密封圈2-5构成连通通路，随后，启动泵5工作，以将环境气体中的待采样的样品(如，挥发性、半挥发性物质或表面沾染物质)抽取到吸附腔2-2中，由吸附腔2-2吸附/预浓缩。在样品采样期间，泵5可以持续工作，以在吸附腔内富集或预浓缩样品。采样过程中整个活塞式吸附器处于室温。
接着，启动热解析温控系统以将热解析腔4的温度维持在一恒定高温处，然后快速移动并将活塞式吸附器2定位在如图4所示的样品解析位置中，使得吸附腔2-2定位在热解析腔4内。吸附腔2-2可以通过密封圈2-5被密封在活塞腔3-2的下部中并进而被密封在热解析腔4内。此时，被推入热解吸腔4中的吸附剂被迅速加热，吸附腔2-2内吸附的样品在高温下瞬间析出，析出的样品与从热解析腔4的载气入口4-2引入的经预热的载气混合，最终被载气带入检测器或分析仪器(未示出)中进行检测或分析。
在样品在热解析腔内的解析期间，泵5、导管5-1、泵连接气嘴3-4、活塞腔3-2的一部分(即在热解析腔4之外的部分)、形成在活塞杆体2-1中的多个通孔2-8、冷却通道2-7、和活塞缸3上的冷却气入口3-5形成与环境气体连通的通路或空间。因此，可采用泵5抽气对留在热解析腔4外的活塞式吸附器2的上半部分(包括活塞杆体)进行风冷，从而能够将活塞式吸附器的定位在热解析腔外的部分保持在室温，有利于下一次的样品吸附和富集或预浓缩。
根据本发明的实施例，采用上述样品采集和热解析进样装置可以在被检物表面或其周围气体氛围中直接吸气采样，获取挥发性、半挥发性物质或表面沾染物质的样品；获取的样品又可在热解析腔内被加热析出，然后被载气带入色谱或IMS谱仪中进行检测或分析；采用上述样品采集和热解析进样装置，可以利用吸气泵持续吸气以将样品预浓缩或富集在吸附腔或其内的吸附剂上，样品的预浓缩可以降低对IMS等检测器的检测下限的要求，降低了仪器的开发难度及成本；同时上述样品采集和热解析进样装置可以自行抽气风冷，有利于下一次样品采集和富集。本发明这种集样品采样、预浓缩，热解析为一体的进样方式无需外接顶空设备，无需制备溶液或拆包取样，节省了空间和时间，有利于仪器向小型化和便携式发展，同时也增大了仪器的吞吐量，非常有利于机场、 海关等的现场快速检测。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行变化，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种样品采集和热解析进样装置，包括：
    样品采集结构；
    活塞式吸附器，具有能够与样品采集结构连通的吸附腔，该吸附腔被配置成吸附由样品采集结构采集的样品；
    活塞缸，限定用于容纳活塞式吸附器并与吸附腔连通的活塞腔；
    热解析腔，与吸附腔和活塞腔连通并被配置成热解析被吸附在吸附腔内的样品；和
    泵，通过导管与活塞腔连通并被配置成通过样品采集结构将泄漏到环境气体中的样品抽吸到吸附腔，
    其中，活塞式吸附器被构造成能够在样品采集位置和样品解析位置之间在活塞腔内移动，在样品采集位置中吸附腔定位在热解析腔外并与样品采集结构连通以吸附由样品采集结构采集的样品，在样品解析位置中吸附腔定位在热解析腔内使得所吸附的样品在热解析腔内被热解析。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的样品采集和热解析进样装置，其中
    样品采集结构包括样品采集口、安装在样品采集口上的过滤结构和将样品采集口连接至活塞缸的连接管，并且
    活塞缸包括安装在热解析腔上的缸体，缸体上设置有与活塞腔连通的采样连接气嘴，连接管的一端被构造成密封地和可拆卸地安装在采样连接气嘴中。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的样品采集和热解析进样装置，其中
    连接管内放置有用于吸收所采集的样品中的水分的干燥剂。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的样品采集和热解析进样装置，其中
    连接管的至少一个部分包括可伸缩软管。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的样品采集和热解析进样装置，其中
    活塞式吸附器包括活塞杆体和连接至活塞杆体的末端的吸附腔，并且
    吸附腔包括内部填充有吸附剂的网状结构。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的样品采集和热解析进样装置，其中
    吸附腔包括吸附通道，该吸附通道被构造成在活塞式吸附器位于样品采集位置中时与样品采集结构连通以接收所采集的样品。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的样品采集和热解析进样装置，其中
    活塞式吸附器还包括可拆卸地连接至吸附腔的远离活塞杆体的一端的隔热垫。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的样品采集和热解析进样装置，其中
    活塞杆体包括冷却通道和形成在活塞杆体的下部中的多个通孔，
    冷却通道被构造成在活塞式吸附器位于样品采集位置中时直接与环境气体连通，并在活塞式吸附器位于样品解析位置中时通过形成在活塞缸中的冷却通孔与环境气体连通，并且
    所述多个通孔被构造成与冷却通道和活塞腔连通。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的样品采集和热解析进样装置，还包括多个密封圈，所述多个密封圈围绕活塞式吸附器设置使得活塞式吸附器能够被密封地容纳在活塞缸内。
  10. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的样品采集和热解析进样装置，其中
    活塞缸包括设置在热解析腔内以引导活塞式吸附器在热解析腔内的运动的导轨。
  11. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的样品采集和热解析进样装置，其中
    热解析腔包括腔体和设置在腔体的内壁内的衬管，并且
    腔体的外壁包覆有加热结构。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的样品采集和热解析进样装置，其中热解析腔还设置有载气入口、出气口和分析仪器接口。
  13. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的样品采集和热解析进样装置，还包括设置在活塞缸和热解析腔之间的隔热结构。
  14. 一种痕量检测设备，包括：
    权利要求1-13中任一项所述的样品采集和热解析进样装置；和
    连接至样品采集和热解析进样装置的样品分析仪器。
  15. 一种采用权利要求1所述的样品采集和热解析进样装置采集和解析样品的方法，包括下述步骤：
    将活塞式吸附器定位在样品采集位置中，使得吸附腔与样品采集结构连通；
    启动泵以通过样品采集结构将泄漏到环境气体中的样品抽吸到吸附腔中；
    启动热解析温控系统以将热解析腔的温度维持在一恒定高温处；以及
    移动并将活塞式吸附器定位在样品解析位置中，使得吸附腔定位在热解析腔内并且由吸附腔吸附的样品在高温下在热解析腔内析出。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中启动泵以通过样品采集结构将泄漏到环境气体中的样品抽吸到吸附腔中的步骤包括：
    使泵持续工作以连续地抽吸样品并使样品预浓缩在吸附腔内。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的方法，其中在由吸附腔吸附的样品在高温下在热解析腔内析出期间，开启所述泵进行抽气以将活塞式吸附器的定位在热解析腔外的部分保持在室温。
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