WO2016104607A1 - 新規ω3不飽和脂肪酸酵素およびエイコサペンタエン酸の製造方法 - Google Patents
新規ω3不飽和脂肪酸酵素およびエイコサペンタエン酸の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6409—Fatty acids
- C12P7/6427—Polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA], i.e. having two or more double bonds in their backbone
- C12P7/6432—Eicosapentaenoic acids [EPA]
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0071—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (1.14)
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6409—Fatty acids
- C12P7/6427—Polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA], i.e. having two or more double bonds in their backbone
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y114/00—Oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (1.14)
- C12Y114/19—Oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (1.14) with oxidation of a pair of donors resulting in the reduction of molecular oxygen to two molecules of water (1.14.19)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel polypeptide having ⁇ 3 desaturase activity, a gene encoding the polypeptide, and their use for producing eicosapentaenoic acid.
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids are fatty acids having two or more unsaturated bonds, and are ⁇ 6 unsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid (LA, 18: 2n-6), ⁇ -linolenic acid (GLA, 18: 3n-6), arachidon Acid (ARA, 20: 4n-6), ⁇ 3 unsaturated fatty acid ⁇ -linolenic acid (ALA, 18: 3n-3), eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA, 20: 4n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 20: 5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22: 6n-3), and the like.
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids are not only involved in the regulation of the fluidity of the membrane as the main component of the biological membrane, but are also important as precursors of the biological functional component.
- ARA and EPA are precursors such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes in higher animals, and DHA is a highly unsaturated fatty acid present in the brain in the largest amount.
- DHA is a highly unsaturated fatty acid present in the brain in the largest amount.
- EPA has physiological actions such as platelet aggregation inhibitory action, blood neutral fat lowering action, anti-arteriosclerosis action, blood viscosity lowering action, blood pressure lowering action, anti-inflammatory action, antitumor action, etc., pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics It is used in various fields such as feed.
- active intake of ⁇ 3-unsaturated fatty acids has been recommended, and this is a lipid molecular species whose demand has increased significantly.
- DHA and EPA are biosynthesized from ALA in some organisms in addition to being taken from food.
- DHA and EPA are nutritionally essential fatty acids for humans.
- EPA is mainly contained in fish oil such as cod, herring, mackerel, salmon, sardine and krill, marine psychrotrophic bacteria such as Shewanella livingstonensis, and algae such as Labyrinthulomycetes. ing. Methods for extracting or purifying EPA from these biological resources are known.
- the most common practice is EPA purification from fish oil.
- the EPA content in fish oil is low, and EPA derived from fish oil has a problem that fish odor remains or the content of erucic acid causing heart disease increases depending on the extraction or purification method. have.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for obtaining EPA by culturing Mortierella microorganisms that produce EPA.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing ARA and EPA using a mutant strain obtained by performing a mutation treatment on Mortierella alpina.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method for producing highly unsaturated fatty acids such as EPA using a transformant in which a gene of ⁇ 3 desaturated polypeptide isolated from Mortierella alpina is introduced into yeast. .
- the ⁇ 3 desaturase of Mortierella microorganisms has a low optimum temperature and does not function well under normal temperature conditions (about 20 ° C.) where the bacteria are likely to grow. Therefore, even when Mortierella microorganisms are cultured at normal culture temperatures, EPA cannot be produced efficiently. Furthermore, since the ⁇ 3 desaturase of Mortierella microorganisms acts preferentially on fatty acids having a carbon chain length of 18, EPA having a carbon chain length of 20 is efficiently produced in the conventional method using the Mortierella microorganism. It was difficult to produce.
- Patent Document 4 discloses ⁇ 3 desaturase isolated from Saprolegnia diclina
- Patent Document 5 discloses ⁇ 17 desaturase isolated from Phytophthora ramorum
- 6 describes ⁇ 17 desaturase isolated from Pythium aphanidermatum.
- JP-A-63-14697 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-243981 JP 2006-055104 A JP 2005-515776 Special table 2009-534032 gazette Japanese translation of PCT publication 2010-508019
- the present invention is efficient for ⁇ 3 desaturase having high enzyme activity even at room temperature of 20 ° C. or higher, and oils and fats having the ⁇ 3 desaturase and containing ⁇ 3 unsaturated fatty acid such as EPA in high concentration.
- the present invention relates to providing lipid producing cells that can be produced well. Furthermore, this invention relates to providing the industrial production means of EPA high content fats and oils using the said lipid production cell.
- the inventors have found a novel ⁇ 3 desaturase having a high ⁇ 3 desaturation activity for fatty acids having 20 carbon atoms and a gene encoding the same even at room temperature. Furthermore, the present inventors have found that the productivity of C20 ⁇ 3 unsaturated fatty acids such as EPA is improved at room temperature in transformed cells into which the gene encoding the ⁇ 3 desaturase is introduced.
- the present invention provides a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence 80% or more identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and having ⁇ 3 desaturation activity for fatty acids having 20 carbon atoms.
- the present invention also provides a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide.
- the present invention also provides a vector comprising the polynucleotide.
- the present invention also provides a transformed cell into which the polynucleotide is introduced.
- the present invention provides a method for producing eicosapentaenoic acid-containing lipids, comprising culturing cells that express the polypeptide.
- this invention provides the production method of eicosapentaenoic acid including refine
- the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention has a high ⁇ 3 desaturation activity with respect to a fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms under normal temperature conditions of 20 ° C. or higher where cells easily grow, and C20 ⁇ 3 desaturation of EPA or the like It can function in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. Therefore, if cells expressing the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention are cultured, C20 ⁇ 3 unsaturated fatty acids such as EPA can be efficiently produced in the cells. Since EPA is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid used in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, and feeds, the present invention applicable to production of EPA on an industrial scale is extremely useful in the field. It is.
- An example of a transformed binary vector for Mortierella alpina Fatty acid production of the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene-introduced Mortierella alpina strain prepared in Examples 3 and 5.
- the “one or more” used for amino acid sequence or nucleotide deletion, substitution, addition or insertion in an amino acid sequence or nucleotide sequence is, for example, 1 to 20, preferably May be 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 4, still more preferably 1 to 3, and still more preferably 1 to 2.
- “addition” of amino acids or nucleotides includes addition of one or more amino acids or nucleotides to one and both ends of the sequence.
- stringent conditions means that nucleotide sequences having high identity, for example, nucleotide sequences having 90% or more, 95% or more, 98% or more, or 99% or more identity are hybridized. , A condition under which nucleotide sequences having lower identity do not hybridize. More specifically, the “stringent conditions” in the present specification can be appropriately changed depending on the level of identity required. The more stringent the condition, the more the sequences with higher identity will hybridize. Examples of low stringent conditions include 5 ⁇ SSC, 5 ⁇ Denhardt's solution, 0.5% SDS, 50% formamide, and washing conditions of about 32 to 50 ° C.
- Examples of highly stringent conditions include 6 ⁇ SSC, 0.01M EDTA, 1 ⁇ Denhardt's solution, 0.5% SDS, about 55-68 ° C., or 5 ⁇ SSC, 5 ⁇ Denhardt's solution, 0.5%
- Examples of the washing conditions include SDS, 50% formamide, and 55 ° C to 68 ° C.
- concentration and length of the probe and the reaction time can be considered.
- a “corresponding position” or “corresponding region” with respect to a specific amino acid sequence or nucleotide sequence on a target amino acid sequence or nucleotide sequence is a target amino acid sequence or nucleotide sequence.
- a reference specific sequence reference sequence by aligning so as to give maximum homology to conserved amino acid residues or nucleotides present in each amino acid sequence or nucleotide sequence Can do.
- the alignment can be performed using known algorithms, the procedures of which are known to those skilled in the art.
- the alignment can be performed manually based on the above-mentioned Lippmann-Person method or the like, but the Clustal W multiple alignment program (Thompson, JD et al, 1994, Nucleic Acids Res., 22: 4673-). 4680) with default settings.
- Clustal W2 or Clustal omega which is a revised version of Clustal W.
- Clustal W, Clustal W2, and Clustal omega are, for example, European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI [www.ebi.ac.uk/index.html]) and Japanese DNA data operated by the National Institute of Genetics. It can be used on the bank (DDBJ [www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/Welcome-j.html]) website.
- ⁇ 6 highly unsaturated fatty acid metabolic pathway refers to linoleic acid (LA, 18: 2n-6), ⁇ -linolenic acid (GLA, 18: 3n-6), dihomo- ⁇ -linolenic acid.
- DGLA DGLA
- arachidonic acid ARA
- ⁇ 6 highly unsaturated fatty acids such as “ ⁇ 3 highly unsaturated fatty acid metabolic pathway” From linolenic acid (ALA, 18: 3n-3) to stearidonic acid (SDA, 18: 4n-3), eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA, 20: 4n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20: 5n- 3) refers to metabolic pathways that produce ⁇ 3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (see FIG. 1).
- highly unsaturated fatty acid refers to a long chain fatty acid having a carbon chain length of 18 or more and an unsaturated bond number of 2 or more.
- C20 ⁇ 3 unsaturated fatty acid refers to a ⁇ 3 highly unsaturated fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include EPA and ETA.
- “desaturation activity” refers to the activity of introducing a carbon-carbon double bond into a fatty acid chain
- “unsaturation enzyme” refers to a protein or polypeptide having the desaturation activity.
- Desaturation activity and desaturase are further classified by the position on the fatty acid where the activity introduces a carbon-carbon double bond.
- ⁇ 3 desaturation activity refers to the activity of introducing a double bond between the third and fourth carbons from the ⁇ end of a fatty acid
- “ ⁇ 3 desaturase” refers to the activity. It is an enzyme that produces ⁇ 3 unsaturated fatty acids.
- ⁇ 3 desaturase is an enzyme that converts LA (18: 2n-6) to ALA (18: 3n-3), GLA (18: 3n-6) to SDA (18: 4n-3).
- Converting enzymes may include DGLA (20: 3n-6) to ETA (20: 4n-3) converting enzyme and ARA (20: 4n-6) to EPA (20: 5n-3) converting enzyme .
- ⁇ 17 desaturation activity refers to the activity of introducing a double bond between the 17th and 18th carbons from the carboxyl terminus of a fatty acid
- ⁇ 17 desaturase It is an enzyme that has the activity and produces ⁇ 17 unsaturated fatty acid.
- ⁇ 17 desaturase is an enzyme that converts DGLA (20: 3n-6) to ETA (20: 4n-3) and ARA (20: 4n-6) to EPA (20: 5n-3). Can be included.
- “having enzyme activity at room temperature” means that the optimum temperature of the enzyme activity is 20 ° C. or higher, preferably 20 to 40 ° C., or 70 ° C. of the activity at the optimum temperature at 20 ° C. % Or more, preferably 80% or more.
- an enzyme has “ ⁇ 3 desaturation activity for a fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms at room temperature” means that the optimum temperature of the ⁇ 3 desaturation activity for the fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms is 20 The ⁇ 3 desaturation activity of the enzyme at 20 ° C. for a fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms is compared with the ⁇ 3 desaturation activity for a fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms at the optimum temperature of the enzyme. , 70% or more, preferably 80% or more.
- the term “original” used for the function, property, and trait of a microorganism is used to indicate that the function, property, or trait is present in the wild type of the microorganism.
- the term “foreign” is used not to indicate that the microorganism originally exists, but to indicate a function, property, or trait introduced from the outside.
- a gene introduced from the outside into a certain microorganism is a foreign gene.
- the foreign gene may be a gene derived from the same type of microorganism as the microorganism into which it has been introduced or a gene derived from a different organism.
- the ⁇ 3 desaturase provided by the present invention comprises an amino acid sequence having 80% or more identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and ⁇ 3 desaturation activity for fatty acids having 20 carbon atoms at room temperature.
- a polypeptide having Examples of such polypeptides include polypeptides having the following amino acid sequences and having ⁇ 3 desaturation activity for fatty acids having 20 carbon atoms at room temperature.
- A the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2
- B an amino acid sequence having 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, more preferably 98% or more, and even more preferably 99% or more identity with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2
- C An amino acid sequence subjected to mutation selected from deletion, substitution, insertion and addition of one or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the position of amino acid deletion, substitution, insertion and addition in the amino acid sequence is not particularly limited as long as the mutated polypeptide retains ⁇ 3 desaturation activity for a fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms at room temperature.
- each amino acid in the amino acid sequence represented by (A) to (F) described above may be substituted with an amino acid belonging to a group of amino acids having similar properties.
- Examples include proteins.
- the position and number of substitution with a similar amino acid are not particularly limited as long as the polypeptide after substitution retains ⁇ 3 desaturation activity for a fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms at room temperature.
- amino acids having similar properties include glycine and alanine, valine and leucine and isoleucine, serine and threonine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, asparagine and glutamine, lysine and arginine, cysteine and methionine, phenylalanine and tyrosine, and the like.
- the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention is an ⁇ 3 desaturase that specifically acts on a fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms at room temperature, preferably 20 ° C. to 40 ° C.
- the ⁇ 3 desaturase shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 4 are both enzymes derived from Plectosspira myriandra, a type of flagella.
- the ⁇ 3 desaturase shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 4 has a high amino acid sequence identity of about 98.9%, but on the other hand, an amino acid sequence that is very different from a known protein. It became clear that this was a novel polypeptide.
- the amino acid sequence of the ⁇ 3 desaturase shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 4 and a known ⁇ 3 desaturase derived from saproregnia etc. for example, the ⁇ 3 desaturase disclosed in Patent Documents 4 to 6)
- the sequence identity with the amino acid sequence is up to 70%.
- the present inventors constructed a polynucleotide composed of a putative ORF encoding ⁇ 3 desaturase based on the genome of Pletospira myriandra.
- This polynucleotide is a polynucleotide encoding the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the present inventors obtained cDNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 by reverse transcription reaction targeting Pletospira myriandra mRNA. This is a polynucleotide encoding the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.
- any of the polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 3 is a polynucleotide that does not contain an intron sequence, and is a polynucleotide that is different from the genomic DNA present in Pletospira milliandra cells. .
- the present invention also provides a polynucleotide encoding the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention).
- nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 (A) the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1; (B) a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, more preferably 98% or more, and even more preferably 99% or more identity with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1; (C) a nucleotide sequence subjected to a mutation selected from deletion, substitution, insertion and addition of one or more nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1; (D) a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 under stringent conditions; (E) the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3; (F) a nucleotide sequence having 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, more preferably 98% or more, and even more preferably 99% or more identity with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID
- nucleotide deletions, substitutions, insertions and additions in the nucleotide sequence are particularly limited as long as the polypeptide encoded by the mutated polynucleotide retains ⁇ 3 desaturation activity for a fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms at room temperature. It is not limited.
- the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention can be produced according to a known method, preferably by a chemical synthesis method or a biological synthesis method.
- a chemical synthesis method there can be mentioned a method in which each amino acid having a protected side chain functional group is sequentially bonded and the peptide chain is extended by a conventional method.
- a biological synthesis method after expressing the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention from the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention, the produced enzyme is isolated, and further purified as necessary. Can be mentioned.
- the biological synthesis method of the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention will be described in more detail.
- the gene may be produced by a chemical synthesis method according to a known method based on the amino acid sequence of the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention or the sequence information of the genomic DNA of a microorganism such as Pletospira myriandra, or the above-mentioned You may isolate from microorganisms, such as Pletospira milliandra.
- a cDNA library is prepared from the total RNA of the microorganism, and the cDNA of the target gene of the present invention is obtained by screening from the cDNA library. It can be isolated. In screening, a probe or primer is designed based on the nucleotide sequence of the gene of the present invention, and cDNA that hybridizes with the probe or primer under stringent conditions may be selected. Alternatively, the target cDNA can be selectively synthesized from the total RNA of the microorganism by a sequence-specific reverse transcription reaction. The selected cDNA can be amplified by a known method such as PCR.
- the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention is mutated by a known mutagenesis method such as ultraviolet irradiation or site-directed mutagenesis with respect to the gene isolated or synthesized by the above procedure. It can be manufactured by introducing.
- the polynucleotide shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 3 is mutated by a known method to obtain a mutated polynucleotide.
- the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention can be obtained by investigating the ⁇ 3 desaturation activity of a polypeptide expressed from the mutant polynucleotide and selecting one encoding a polypeptide having the desired activity. .
- the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention prepared by the above procedure is optimized for codon usage according to the frequency of codon usage in the cells in which the gene is introduced and expressed.
- Information about codons used by various organisms is available from Codon Usage Database (www.kazusa.or.jp/codon/).
- Codon Usage Database www.kazusa.or.jp/codon/.
- the codon usage frequency of Mortierella alpina www.kazusa.or.jp/codon/cgi-bin/showcodon.cgi
- Is used for the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 3.
- the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention is expressed from the prepared ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention.
- the enzyme may be expressed in a cell-free system, but a transformed cell is obtained by introducing the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention into a host cell, and the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention is applied to the transformed cell. It may be expressed.
- the host cell into which the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention is introduced is preferably a cell of a microorganism such as a bacterium, fungus or algae, but is not particularly limited.
- a vector containing the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention can be used.
- the type of vector used for the introduction can be appropriately selected according to the type of host cell, cloning method, gene expression method, and the like.
- an expression vector is preferably used.
- the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention is incorporated into an appropriate vector, and the resulting vector containing the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention is introduced into a host cell.
- electroporation, particle gun (gene gun) method competent cell method, protoplast method, calcium phosphate coprecipitation method, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) method and its modification method (Appl) Environ.Microbiol., 2009, 75: 5529-5535
- ATMT Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation
- Appl Environ.Microbiol., 2009, 75: 5529-5535
- the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention is expressed by the transformed cells.
- the expressed ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention can be isolated by a known protein isolation or purification method, and purified as necessary.
- the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention has high ⁇ 3 desaturation activity under normal temperature at which cells can easily grow, for example, at a temperature of 20 ° C. or higher, and functions in biosynthesis of C20 ⁇ 3 unsaturated fatty acids such as EPA. Can be demonstrated. Therefore, if cells expressing the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention are cultured at room temperature, the cells easily proliferate, and ⁇ 3 of C20 is expressed by the ⁇ 3 desaturase expressed in the proliferated cells of the present invention. Since biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids is performed, it becomes possible to efficiently produce C20 ⁇ 3 unsaturated fatty acids such as EPA.
- the present invention provides a method for producing C20 ⁇ 3 unsaturated fatty acid comprising culturing cells expressing the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention.
- the C20 ⁇ 3 unsaturated fatty acid include ETA and EPA, preferably EPA.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing an EPA-containing lipid, comprising culturing cells that express the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention.
- this invention provides the production method of EPA including refine
- the cell expressing the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention may be a cell that originally expresses the enzyme, or a cell that has been modified to express the enzyme.
- Examples of the cell that originally expresses the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention include Pletospira myriandra.
- the expression ability of the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention is obtained by introducing the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention as described above. Transformed cells.
- the transformed cells can be any cells derived from plants, bacteria, fungi, algae, etc., but are preferably cells of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae and the like.
- the above Pletospira milliandra can be modified so that the expression of the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention is improved and used in the production method of the EPA-containing lipid of the present invention.
- the cell expressing the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention produces EPA by the action of the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention. Therefore, in addition to the ability to express the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention, the cell originally has the ability to produce arachidonic acid (ARA) as a substrate for the enzyme, or produce ARA.
- ARA arachidonic acid
- the cell has or has been modified to have the ⁇ 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolic pathway. More preferably, the cell has the ⁇ 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolic pathway and the ⁇ 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolic pathway, or has been modified to have both. As shown in FIG.
- ARA produced by the ⁇ 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolic pathway is converted to EPA by the action of ⁇ 3 desaturase.
- ⁇ 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids having 20 carbon atoms such as DGLA are converted into ⁇ 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids having 20 carbon atoms such as ETA by the action of ⁇ 3 desaturase, and from these ⁇ 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
- the ⁇ 3 highly unsaturated fatty acid metabolic pathway produces EPA.
- the cell used in the production method of the EPA-containing lipid of the present invention it has the ability to express the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention and has the ⁇ 6 highly unsaturated fatty acid metabolic pathway.
- examples include lipid producing microorganisms capable of producing arachidonic acid. More preferably, the lipid-producing microorganism further has a ⁇ 3 highly unsaturated fatty acid metabolic pathway.
- examples of such lipid-producing microorganisms include the above-mentioned Pletospira myriadola and lipid-producing microorganisms capable of producing arachidonic acid by the ⁇ 6 highly unsaturated fatty acid metabolic pathway, preferably ⁇ 3 highly unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. And those modified to express the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention.
- the lipid-producing microorganism modified so as to express the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention has an ⁇ 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolic pathway and the ability to produce arachidonic acid, preferably further ⁇ 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. It can be obtained by introducing the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention into a lipid-producing microorganism having a metabolic pathway. The introduction of the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention into the lipid-producing microorganism can be carried out according to the procedure described above with respect to the gene introduction into the host cell. The specific procedure will be described below.
- Examples of lipid-producing microorganisms to which the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention is to be introduced include the genus Pletospira, yeast, the genus Mortierella, the genus Mucor, the genus Umbelopsis, etc.
- Examples include, but are not limited to, filamentous fungi.
- Examples of the yeast include ascomycetous yeast, basidiomycetous yeast, fission yeast, and budding yeast.
- preferable examples include Mortierella alpina (hereinafter referred to as M. alpina), Mortierella chlamydospora, Mortierella elongata, Mortierella elongata, M.
- Mortierella lignicola Mortierella clonocystis
- Mortierella nana Mortierella moliella Moriella moricella, Mortierella moliella, Mortierella hyalin, Mortierella globalpina, Umbelopsis nana, Umbelopis isaverina, etc.
- Mortierella alpina M. alpina
- Mortierella chronosistis Mortierella nana
- Mortierella fumicola Mortierella bainieri
- Mortierella hyaline Mortierella globalpina Etc.
- the lipid-producing microorganism into which the gene of the present invention is to be introduced has the ability to produce arachidonic acid having an ⁇ 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolic pathway, the aforementioned Pletospira sp., Yeast, and Mortierella sp. It may be a mutant strain of a microorganism such as Mucor or Unveropsis. Since the mutant strain does not need to express ⁇ 3 desaturase other than the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention, it may be a deficient strain lacking the ⁇ 3 desaturase originally possessed by the microorganism. Examples of such mutant strains and defective strains include M. alpina 1S-4 (Agric. Biol. Chem., 1987, 51 (3): 785-790), M. et al. alpina ST1358 (Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2010, 74: 908-917).
- Mutants and deficient strains of the above lipid-producing microorganisms can be obtained by conventional methods, for example, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (J. Gen. Microbiol., 1992, 138: 997-1002), treatment with mutagens such as 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), cisplatin, mitomycin C, mutagenesis by irradiation, ultraviolet irradiation, high heat treatment, etc., or by RNAi It can be obtained by suppressing gene expression.
- EMS ethyl methanesulfonate
- MMS methyl methanesulfonate
- N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine J. Gen. Microbiol., 1992, 138: 997-1002
- mutagens such as 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), cis
- the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention may be introduced into the genome of the microorganism, or may be introduced outside the genome in a state of being incorporated into an expression vector.
- the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention is preferably introduced together with a vector containing the gene.
- a vector used for gene introduction can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art according to the type of microorganism into which the gene is introduced, the cloning method, the gene expression method, and the like.
- a pD4 vector Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2000, 66 (11): 4655-4661
- a pDZeo vector J.
- the vector includes a promoter sequence or transcription termination signal sequence for expressing the incorporated gene of the present invention, or a selection marker gene for selecting a transformant into which the target gene has been introduced. It is preferable.
- the promoter is preferably a high expression promoter.
- preferred high expression promoters for Mortierella microorganisms include M. Examples include alpina-derived PP3 promoter and SSA2 promoter, and promoters modified by adding substitutions, deletions, additions, etc. to the sequences of these promoters, but are not limited to these as long as the introduced gene can be expressed at high levels.
- selectable marker genes include drug resistance genes such as kanamycin resistance gene, streptomycin resistance gene, carboxin resistance gene, zeocin resistance gene, hygromycin resistance gene, amino acid requirements such as leucine, histidine, methionine, arginine, tryptophan, lysine, etc.
- drug resistance genes such as kanamycin resistance gene, streptomycin resistance gene, carboxin resistance gene, zeocin resistance gene, hygromycin resistance gene
- amino acid requirements such as leucine, histidine, methionine, arginine, tryptophan, lysine, etc.
- Examples include genes that complement mutations and genes that complement nucleobase-requiring mutations such as uracil and adenine.
- preferred selectable marker genes include genes that complement uracil-requiring mutations. For example, M.M. A uracil auxotrophic strain of alpina (Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2004, 68:
- orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase gene ura3 gene
- orotidylate pyrophosphorylase gene ura5 gene
- ura3 gene orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase gene
- ura5 gene orotidylate pyrophosphorylase gene
- FIG. 1 An example of a transformed binary vector that can be used for introducing the ⁇ 3 desaturase gene of the present invention into alpina is shown in FIG.
- a polynucleotide (PmD17XXmod) encoding the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention is linked downstream of the SSA2 promoter, which is a constant high expression promoter, and an sdhB terminator and a transformant
- the ura5 gene is incorporated as a selection marker.
- a homologous recombination method may be mentioned. If a vector containing a complementary sequence of the genome to be introduced together with the gene of the present invention is prepared and the vector is introduced into a microorganism, the ⁇ 3 desaturation of the present invention is located at the target position on the genome of the microorganism by homologous recombination. The synthase gene is integrated. The above-described promoter sequence, transcription termination signal sequence, or selectable marker gene may be incorporated into the vector as necessary.
- the means for introducing the vector into the microorganism may be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art according to the type of the microorganism or vector.
- introduction into fungi such as Mortierella microorganisms, electroporation method, particle gun (gene gun) method, ATMT method and its modification method (Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2009, 75: 5529-5535).
- the ATMT method and its modification method are preferable, but the gene introduction method is not limited to these methods as long as a transformant that stably retains the target trait can be obtained.
- the cell expressing the ⁇ 3 desaturase used in the method for producing an EPA-containing lipid of the present invention has been modified to activate the ⁇ 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolic pathway. Also good. For example, by introducing a gene encoding ⁇ 12 desaturase into the cell so that the enzyme is highly expressed, the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid in the cell is promoted, and ⁇ 6 highly unsaturated.
- the fatty acid metabolic pathway can be activated. The activation of the pathway increases the amount of ⁇ 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid serving as a substrate for the enzyme of the present invention, and as a result, production of EPA is promoted.
- the conversion of LA to ALA or GLA to SDA can be achieved by introducing a gene encoding ⁇ 15 desaturase into a cell expressing the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention and causing the enzyme to be highly expressed. It can be promoted to activate the ⁇ 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolic pathway. Furthermore, both a gene encoding a ⁇ 12 desaturase and a gene encoding a ⁇ 15 desaturase may be introduced into a cell expressing the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention.
- cells expressing the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention obtained by the above procedure are inoculated and cultured in a liquid medium or a solid medium.
- Culture conditions can be optimized by those skilled in the art depending on the cell type. For example, when the cell is a fungus, a spore of a strain, a mycelium, or a preculture solution obtained by culturing in advance can be inoculated into the medium and cultured.
- Examples of the carbon source of the medium include, but are not limited to, glucose, fructose, xylose, saccharose, maltose, soluble starch, corn starch, glycerol, mannitol, lipid, alkane, alkene and the like.
- a nitrogen source in addition to natural nitrogen sources such as peptone, yeast extract, malt extract, meat extract, casamino acid, corn steep liquor, soy protein, defatted soybean, cottonseed dregs and wheat bran, organic nitrogen sources such as urea, In addition, examples include, but are not limited to, inorganic nitrogen sources such as sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate.
- lipids such as soybean oil, coconut oil and corn oil may be added.
- the lipid to be added is preferably a fat and oil containing a large amount of linoleic acid such as soybean oil and corn oil, and more preferably soybean oil.
- inorganic salts such as phosphate, magnesium sulfate, iron sulfate, and copper sulfate, vitamins, and the like can be appropriately added. These medium components are not particularly limited as long as they are concentrations that do not impair the growth of microorganisms to be cultured.
- the carbon source can be 0.1 to 40% by mass, preferably 1 to 25% by mass
- the nitrogen source in the medium can be 0.01 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass. . M.M.
- a Czapek medium, a Czapek-dox medium, a glucose / yeast extract (hereinafter also referred to as “GY”) medium, an SC medium, or the like described below can be preferably used.
- GY glucose / yeast extract
- SC medium or the like described below
- known media for example, WO 98/29558
- the pH of the medium can be 4-10, preferably 6-9.
- the culture can be an aeration and agitation culture, a shaking culture or a stationary culture.
- the cells are preferably cultured at an optimal growth temperature.
- the cells can be cultured at about 5-60 ° C, preferably about 10-50 ° C, more preferably about 10-40 ° C, even more preferably about 20-40 ° C, still more preferably about 20-30 ° C. .
- the culture is performed at about 10 to 40 ° C, preferably about 20 to 40 ° C, more preferably about 20 to 30 ° C.
- the culture period of the cells can be, for example, 2 to 20 days, preferably 2 to 14 days.
- known literature for example, JP-A-6-153970
- lipids containing a high content of EPA are produced in the cells.
- the culture solution is subjected to conventional means such as centrifugation and filtration to separate the cells.
- the culture solution is centrifuged or filtered to remove the liquid, and the separated cells are washed and then dried by lyophilization, air drying or the like to obtain dried cells.
- the target lipid can be extracted from the cells by a known method such as organic solvent extraction.
- organic solvent examples include hexane, ether, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, chloroform, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, which are highly soluble in highly unsaturated fatty acids and can be separated from water. Or these organic solvents can also be used in combination.
- the target lipid can be extracted by distilling off the organic solvent from the extract under reduced pressure or the like. Alternatively, lipids can be extracted from wet cells without drying the cells. The obtained lipid may be further purified by appropriately using general methods such as degumming, deoxidation, deodorization, decolorization, column treatment, distillation and the like.
- the extracted lipid contains various fatty acids that become contaminants in addition to EPA, which is an object of the method of the present invention. Therefore, EPA with higher purity can be obtained by further purifying the lipid.
- EPA can be separated directly from lipids, but it is preferable to separate the desired ester derivative of EPA after once converting the fatty acid in the lipid into an ester derivative with a lower alcohol. Since the ester derivative can be separated by using various separation and purification operations depending on the number of carbon atoms, the number of double bonds, the difference in position, and the like, an ester derivative of the target fatty acid can be easily obtained.
- the ester derivative is preferably an ethyl ester derivative.
- a lower alcohol containing an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or BF3, or a base catalyst such as sodium methoxide or potassium hydroxide can be used.
- an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or BF3
- a base catalyst such as sodium methoxide or potassium hydroxide
- the desired ester derivative of EPA can be separated.
- the separated ester derivative of EPA is hydrolyzed with an alkali, and then extracted with an organic solvent such as ether or ethyl acetate, whereby EPA can be purified.
- EPA may be purified in the form of a salt.
- lipid-producing microorganisms expressing the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention are cultured on a large scale in a tank or the like and filtered with a filter press or the like. Then, after the cells are collected and dried, the cells can be crushed with a ball mill or the like, and the lipid can be extracted with an organic solvent.
- many methods for extracting and using components in microorganisms on an industrial scale and methods for purifying EPA from lipids are known, and these can be appropriately modified and used in the method of the present invention.
- the activity of the ⁇ 5 desaturase is preferably reduced in the cells expressing the ⁇ 3 desaturase of the present invention described above.
- the cells mainly produce ETA instead of EPA.
- Reduction of ⁇ 5 desaturase activity in cells is achieved, for example, by expressing the enzyme of the present invention in a strain lacking ⁇ 5 desaturase, or by inhibiting expression of ⁇ 5 desaturase in cells by RNAi. be able to.
- the procedures for cell culture, extraction of ETA-containing lipids from cells, and purification of ETA are the same as those for EPA described above.
- EPA, ETA or a salt thereof obtained in the present invention can be used for production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, foods, feeds, etc. for human or non-human animals.
- the pharmaceutical dosage forms include oral preparations such as tablets, capsules, granules, powders, syrups, dry syrups, liquids and suspensions; enteral preparations such as enemas and suppositories; Injection, external preparation, transdermal, transmucosal, nasal, inhalant, patch and the like.
- the form of the cosmetic include any form that cosmetics can usually take such as cream, emulsion, lotion, suspension, gel, powder, pack, sheet, patch, stick, cake and the like.
- the pharmaceutical or cosmetic may be a pharmaceutical or cosmetic for inhibiting platelet aggregation, reducing blood neutral fat, anti-arteriosclerosis, reducing blood viscosity, lowering blood pressure, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor.
- the pharmaceutical or cosmetic contains EPA, ETA or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- the pharmaceutical or cosmetic is also a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or a cosmetically acceptable carrier such as an excipient, a disintegrant, a binder, a lubricant, a surfactant, a pH adjuster, a dispersant, It may contain emulsifiers, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, alcohol, water, water-soluble polymers, fragrances, sweeteners, corrigents, acidulants, and other active ingredients as necessary. For example, it may contain medicinal ingredients, cosmetic ingredients and the like.
- the said pharmaceutical or cosmetics can be manufactured by mix
- the content of EPA or ETA in the medicine or cosmetic varies depending on the dosage form, but is usually in the range of 0.1 to 99% by mass, preferably 1 to 80% by mass.
- the above food or drink or feed contains EPA, ETA or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- These foods and drinks or feeds are intended to have effects such as platelet aggregation inhibitory action, blood neutral fat lowering action, anti-arteriosclerosis action, blood viscosity lowering action, blood pressure lowering action, anti-inflammatory action, antitumor action, etc. It may be a health food, a functional food / beverage product, a food / beverage product for specific health use, a food / beverage product for a sick person, a livestock, a racehorse, a feed for an appreciation animal, a pet food or the like.
- the form of the above-mentioned food or drink or feed is not particularly limited, and includes all forms in which EPA, ETA or a salt thereof can be blended.
- the form of the food or drink may be solid, semi-solid or liquid, or various types such as tablets, chewable tablets, powders, capsules, granules, drinks, gels, syrups, liquid foods for enteral nutrition A form is mentioned.
- Specific examples of the form of food and drink include tea drinks such as green tea, oolong tea and tea, coffee drinks, soft drinks, jelly drinks, sports drinks, milk drinks, carbonated drinks, fruit juice drinks, lactic acid bacteria drinks, fermented milk drinks, Powdered beverages, cocoa beverages, alcoholic beverages, beverages such as purified water, spreads such as butter, jam, margarine, sprinkles, mayonnaise, shortening, custard cream, dressings, breads, cooked rice, noodles, pasta, miso soup, tofu , Milk, yogurt, soups or sauces, confectionery (eg biscuits and cookies, chocolate, candy, cake, ice cream, chewing gum, tablets). Since the said feed can be utilized with the composition and form substantially the same as food / beverage products, the description regarding the food / beverage products in this specification can be applied similarly about feed.
- tea drinks such as green tea, oolong tea and tea
- coffee drinks soft drinks, jelly drinks, sports drinks, milk drinks, carbonated drinks, fruit juice drinks, lactic acid bacteria drinks, ferment
- the above food and drink or feed includes EPA, ETA or salts thereof, and other food and drink materials used in the production of food and drink and feed, various nutrients, various vitamins, minerals, amino acids, various fats and oils, and various additives (for example, It can be produced by blending flavoring ingredients, sweeteners, acidulants such as organic acids, surfactants, pH adjusters, stabilizers, antioxidants, pigments, flavors, etc., and preparing them according to conventional methods. it can. Or the food / beverage products or feed which concerns on this invention can be manufactured by mix
- the content of EPA or ETA in the above food or drink or feed varies depending on the form of the food, but is usually 0.01 to 80% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 1 to 30% by mass. Range.
- Culture medium GY medium: 2% (w / v) glucose, 1% yeast extract.
- Czapek-Dox agar medium 3% sucrose, 0.2% NaNO 3 , 0.1% KH 2 PO 4 , 0.05% KCl, 0.05% MgSO 4 .7H 2 O, 0.001% FeSO 4. 7H 2 O, 2% agar, pH 6.0.
- YPD medium 20 g of polypeptone, 10 g of yeast extract, 0.4 g of adenine, 20 g of agar and 20 g of glucose are diluted in 1000 mL of water.
- LB-Mg agar medium 1% tryptone, 0.5% yeast extract, 85 mM NaCl, 0.5 mM MgSO 4 .7H 2 O, 0.5 mM NaOH, 1.5% agar, pH 7.0.
- Induction medium 0.5% (w / v) glycerol, 200 ⁇ M acetosyringone, 40 mM 2- (N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) was added to MM to adjust to pH 5.3.
- SC medium 5.0 g Yeast Nitrogen Base w / o Amino Acids and Ammonium Sulfate (Difco), 1.7 g (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 20 g glucose, 20 g agar, 20 mg adenine, 30 mg tyrosine, 1.0 mg methionine, 2 0.0 mg arginine, 2.0 mg histidine, 4.0 mg lysine, 4.0 mg tryptophan, 5.0 mg threonine, 6.0 mg isoleucine, 6.0 mg leucine, 6.0 mg L phenylalanine.
- Example 1 Identification of ⁇ 3 desaturase Pletospira myriandra was cultured with shaking in 10 mL of GY medium at 28 ° C. for 5 days, and the cells were collected. The collected cells were put into a 2 mL tube and destroyed using a beads shocker (Yasui Kikai) under the conditions of 1700 rpm, 10 seconds ⁇ 2 times. From the disrupted cells, mRNA was extracted using ISOGEN (Bio-Rad) according to the product protocol.
- ISOGEN Bio-Rad
- Extracted mRNA was converted to Prime Script TM II High Fidelity RT-PCR Kit (TaKaRa) and primers [5′-GAAATGGCCGACGTGAACCACTCCCTCGC-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 7) and 5′-CTATGGCGCCTTGGCGCCT (CGCTGCGCTCTCGCGCCTCTGCGCCTCTGCGCCTCTGCCGCTCTGCGCCTCTCGGCAC Then, reverse transcription was performed to prepare a cDNA represented by SEQ ID NO: 3. This cDNA encoded a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4.
- a genome DNA search for Pletospira myriadola was performed from the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 to identify the corresponding genomic DNA sequence. Furthermore, a polynucleotide from which the intron was removed from the genomic DNA sequence was designed, and based on this, DNA was chemically synthesized.
- the designed polynucleotide consisted of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and encoded a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 2. In SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 4, 4 amino acids were different in the total amino acid sequence of 355 residues (amino acid sequence identity was about 98.9%).
- the cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 3) prepared above was incorporated into a yeast expression vector pYE22m (Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 1995, 59: 1221-1228), and this vector was incorporated into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae InvSc1 strain (tryptophan-requiring oily agent). Yeast) was introduced by electroporation and transformed.
- a vector was similarly constructed to produce a transformant. Each transformant was cultured in YPD medium at 28 ° C. for 1 day, and the polypeptide was expressed from the incorporated cDNA. In this culture condition, the original ⁇ 3 desaturase of the oily yeast is not expressed.
- LA linoleic acid
- GLA ⁇ -linolenic acid
- DGLA dihomo- ⁇ -linolenic acid
- ARA arachidonic acid
- the polypeptide (SEQ ID NO: 2) encoded by the synthetic DNA (SEQ ID NO: 1) and the polypeptide (SEQ ID NO: 4) encoded by the cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 3) are both at room temperature. It was confirmed to be a ⁇ 3 desaturase (ie, ⁇ 17 desaturase) that specifically acts on a fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms (Table 1).
- Example 2 Production of Vector for Introducing ⁇ 3 Desaturase Gene
- the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 The polynucleotide shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 was obtained by codon optimization according to alpina. SpeI and BamHI sites were constructed upstream and downstream of the CDS of the polynucleotide shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, and cloned into the SpMA-RQ (ampR) plasmid.
- the prepared plasmid was treated with SpeI and BamHI restriction enzymes, and the obtained gene fragment was converted into a plasmid pBIG35 containing the SSA2 promoter, which is a constant high expression promoter (pBIG2RHPH2 provided by Kyoto Prefectural University, Appl.
- Environ Microbiol., 2009, 75: 5529-5535 was further ligated in tandem with a uracil-required marker gene (ura5) to construct a binary vector for transformation, pBIGSSA2pPmD17genome-intron mod (FIG. 2).
- Example 3 Preparation of ⁇ 3 desaturase gene-introduced strain
- alpina uracil auxotrophic strain
- Czapek-Dox agar medium containing 0.05 mg / mL uracil the culture is collected, and then filtered through Miracloth (Calbiochem).
- a spore suspension of alpina was prepared.
- the M.I. The pBIGSSA2pPmD17genome-intron mod vector constructed in Example 2 was introduced into alpina (uracil auxotrophic strain) by the ATMT method (Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2009, 75: 5529-5535) described below, and ⁇ 3 unsaturated A synthase-introduced strain was prepared.
- the above binary vector pBIGSSA2pPmD17genome-intron mod was introduced into Agrobacterium (Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58C1, provided by Kyoto Prefectural University) by electroporation, and cultured at 28 ° C. for 48 hours in LB-Mg agar medium.
- Agrobacterium containing the vector was selected by PCR.
- Agrobacterium having the vector was cultured in minimal medium (MM) for 2 days, centrifuged at 5,800 ⁇ g, and a fresh induction medium (IM) was added to prepare a suspension.
- the suspension was induction-cultured on a rotary shaker for 8-12 hours at 28 ° C. until the OD 660 was 0.4 to 3.7.
- Example 4 Preparation of Vector for Introducing ⁇ 3 Desaturase Gene
- the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 The polynucleotide shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 was obtained by codon optimization according to alpina.
- a binary vector for transformation pBIGSSA2pPmD17cDNAmod was constructed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the polynucleotide represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 was used (FIG. 2).
- Example 5 Preparation of ⁇ 3 desaturase gene-introduced strain An ⁇ 3 desaturase-introduced strain was prepared in the same procedure as in Example 3 except that pBIGSSA2pPmD17cDNAmod was used as the gene introduction vector.
- Example 6 Production of ⁇ 3 unsaturated fatty acid by ⁇ 3 desaturase gene-introduced strain ⁇ 3 desaturase gene-introduced M. pylori obtained in Examples 3 and 5
- the alpina strain was cultured aerobically at 120 rpm for 3 days, 7 days, and 10 days at 28 ° C. in 4 mL of GY medium.
- the alpina strain was cultured in the same manner. The cells were collected from each culture solution by suction filtration and dried at 120 ° C. for 3 hours.
- GLC uses Shimadzu GC-2010, GL Sciences capillary column TC70 (0.25 mm ⁇ 60 m), column temperature 180 ° C., vaporization chamber temperature 250 ° C., detector temperature 250 ° C., carrier gas He, makeup It was performed under the conditions of upgas N 2 , H 2 flow rate 40 mL / min, Air flow rate 400 mL / min, split ratio 50, analysis time 30 min.
- the amount of each fatty acid extracted was quantified from the peak area value of the GLC chart on the basis of the amount of fatty acid as an internal standard, and the amount of each fatty acid per 1 mL of the culture solution and 1 mg of dried cells was calculated.
- Example 7 Comparison of ⁇ 3 desaturase activity
- the ⁇ 3 desaturation activity for fatty acids having 20 carbon atoms was compared with 4).
- the ⁇ 3 desaturation activity was also investigated for the other 8 species of Saproregnia dicrina.
- Pletospira milliandra (NBRC No. 32548), Saproregnia dicrina (NBRC No. 32710), and other 8 strains listed in Table 2 were cultured in 5 mL of GY medium at 28 ° C. for 7 days.
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Abstract
Description
また本発明は、上記ポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチドを提供する。
また本発明は、上記ポリヌクレオチドを含むベクターを提供する。
また本発明は、上記ポリヌクレオチドが導入された形質転換細胞を提供する。
さらに本発明は、上記ポリペプチドを発現する細胞を培養することを含む、エイコサペンタエン酸含有脂質の生産方法を提供する。
さらに本発明は、上記方法により生産されたエイコサペンタエン酸含有脂質を精製することを含む、エイコサペンタエン酸の生産方法を提供する。
(A)配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列;
(B)配列番号2で示されるアミノ酸配列と90%以上、好ましくは95%以上、より好ましくは98%以上、さらに好ましくは99%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列;
(C)配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列において、1個または複数個のアミノ酸の欠失、置換、挿入および付加から選択される変異を施されたアミノ酸配列。
(D)配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列;
(E)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列と90%以上、好ましくは95%以上、より好ましくは98%以上、さらに好ましくは99%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列;
(F)配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列において、1個または複数個のアミノ酸の欠失、置換、挿入および付加から選択される変異を施されたアミノ酸配列。
上記アミノ酸配列におけるアミノ酸の欠失、置換、挿入および付加の位置は、変異後のポリペプチドに常温下での炭素数20の脂肪酸に対するω3不飽和化活性が保持される限り、特に限定されない。
(a)配列番号1に示されるヌクレオチド配列;
(b)配列番号1に示されるヌクレオチド配列と90%以上、好ましくは95%以上、より好ましくは98%以上、さらに好ましくは99%以上の同一性を有するヌクレオチド配列;
(c)配列番号1に示されるヌクレオチド配列において、1個または複数個のヌクレオチドの欠失、置換、挿入および付加から選択される変異を施されたヌクレオチド配列;
(d)配列番号1に示されるヌクレオチド配列とストリンジェントな条件でハイブリダイズするヌクレオチド配列;
(e)配列番号3に示されるヌクレオチド配列;
(f)配列番号3に示されるヌクレオチド配列と90%以上、好ましくは95%以上、より好ましくは98%以上、さらに好ましくは99%以上の同一性を有するヌクレオチド配列;
(g)配列番号3に示されるヌクレオチド配列において、1個または複数個のヌクレオチドの欠失、置換、挿入および付加から選択される変異を施されたヌクレオチド配列;
または、
(h)配列番号3に示されるヌクレオチド配列とストリンジェントな条件でハイブリダイズするヌクレオチド配列。
上記ヌクレオチド配列におけるヌクレオチドの欠失、置換、挿入および付加の位置は、変異後のポリヌクレオチドにコードされるポリペプチドが常温下で炭素数20の脂肪酸に対するω3不飽和化活性を保持する限り、特に限定されない。
GY培地:2%(w/v)グルコース、1%酵母エキス。
Czapek-Dox寒天培地:3%スクロース、0.2%NaNO3、0.1%KH2PO4、0.05%KCl、0.05%MgSO4・7H2O、0.001%FeSO4・7H2O、2%寒天、pH6.0。
YPD培地:ポリペプトン20g、酵母抽出物10g、アデニン0.4g、寒天20gおよびグルコース20gを1000mLの水に希釈。
LB-Mg寒天培地:1%トリプトン、0.5%酵母エキス、85mM NaCl、0.5mM MgSO4・7H2O、0.5mM NaOH、1.5%寒天、pH7.0。
最少培地(MM):10mM K2HPO4、10mM KH2PO4、2.5mM NaCl、2mM MgSO4・7H2O、0.7mM CaCl2、9μM FeSO4・7H2O、4mM (NH4)2SO4、10mMグルコース、pH7.0。
誘導培地(IM):MMに0.5%(w/v)グリセロール、200μMアセトシリンゴン、40mM 2-(N-モルホリノ)エタンスルホン酸(MES)を加えて、pH5.3に調製。
SC培地:5.0g Yeast Nitrogen Base w/o Amino Acids and Ammonium Sulfate(Difco)、1.7g (NH4)2SO4、20gグルコース、20g寒天、20mgアデニン、30mgチロシン、1.0mgメチオニン、2.0mgアルギニン、2.0mgヒスチジン、4.0mgリジン、4.0mgトリプトファン、5.0mgスレオニン、6.0mgイソロイシン、6.0mgロイシン、6.0mg Lフェニルアラニン。
プレクトスピラ・ミリアンドラをGY培地10mL中にて28℃で5日間振とう培養し、菌体を回収した。集菌した菌体を2mLチューブに入れ、ビーズショッカー(Yasui Kikai)を用いて1700rpm、10秒×2回の条件にて破壊した。破壊した菌体から、ISOGEN(Bio-Rad)を用いて、製品プロトコールに従いmRNAを抽出した。抽出したmRNAを、Prime ScriptTMII High Fidelity RT-PCR Kit(TaKaRa)およびプライマー〔5’-GAAATGGCCGACGTGAACACCTCCTCGC-3’(配列番号7)、および5’-CTATGCGCGCTTGGTGAGCACCTCGC-3’(配列番号8)〕を用いて逆転写し、配列番号3で示されるcDNAを調製した。このcDNAは、配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列のポリペプチドをコードしていた。
配列番号1のヌクレオチド配列を、M.alpinaにあわせてコドン至適化し、配列番号5で示されるポリヌクレオチドを得た。この配列番号5で示されるポリヌクレオチドのCDSの上流および下流にSpeIおよびBamHIサイトを構築し、SpMA-RQ(ampR)プラスミドにクローニングした。調製したプラスミドを、SpeIおよびBamHI制限酵素で処理し、得られた遺伝子の断片を、恒常的高発現プロモーターであるSSA2プロモーターを含むプラスミドpBIG35(京都府立大学から提供されたpBIG2RHPH2を改変、Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,2009,75:5529-5535に記載)に連結し、発現カセットを構築した。当該発現カセットを、さらに、ウラシル要求性のマーカー遺伝子(ura5)とタンデムに連結させ、形質転換用バイナリーベクター、pBIGSSA2pPmD17genome-intron modを構築した(図2)。
M.alpina(ウラシル要求性株)を0.05mg/mLウラシル含有Czapek-Dox寒天培地で培養し、培養物を集菌し、次いでMiracloth(Calbiochem)でろ過することで、M.alpinaの胞子懸濁液を調製した。当該M.alpina(ウラシル要求性株)に、実施例2で構築したpBIGSSA2pPmD17genome-intron modベクターを以下に説明するATMT法(Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,2009,75:5529-5535)により導入し、ω3不飽和化酵素導入株を作製した。
配列番号3のヌクレオチド配列を、M.alpinaにあわせてコドン至適化し、配列番号6で示されるポリヌクレオチドを得た。この配列番号6で示されるポリヌクレオチドを用いた以外は、実施例2と同様にして、形質転換用バイナリーベクターpBIGSSA2pPmD17cDNAmodを構築した(図2)。
遺伝子導入用ベクターとしてpBIGSSA2pPmD17cDNAmodを用いた以外は、実施例3と同様の手順でω3不飽和化酵素導入株を作製した。
実施例3および5で得られたω3不飽和化酵素遺伝子導入M.alpina株を、それぞれ4mLのGY培地にて、28℃で3、7、および10日間、120rpmで好気的に培養した。対照として、当該ω3不飽和化酵素遺伝子を導入していないM.alpina株を同様に培養した。各培養液から吸引ろ過にて菌体を回収し、120℃で3時間乾燥した。乾燥菌体に、0.5mg/mLの内部標準(M.alpinaが生合成できない炭素数23の飽和脂肪酸)を含むジクロロメタン溶液1mLおよび塩酸メタノール2mLを加え、55℃、2時間の温浴にて脂肪酸をメチルエステル化した。反応液に蒸留水1mLとヘキサン4mLを加えてヘキサン層を抽出し、減圧遠心して脂肪酸メチルエステルを回収した。
回収したサンプルをクロロホルムに溶解し、ガス液体クロマトグラフィー(GLC)にてサンプル中の脂肪酸組成を測定した。GLCは、島津社製GC-2010を用い、GLサイエンス社製キャピラリーカラムTC70(0.25mm×60m)を用い、カラム温度180℃、気化室温度250℃、検出器温度250℃、キャリアガスHe、メイクアップガスN2、H2流量40mL/min、Air流量400mL/min、スプリット比50、分析時間30minの条件にて行った。抽出された各脂肪酸の量を、GLCのチャートのピーク面積値から内部標準の脂肪酸量を基準として定量し、培養液1mL当たりおよび乾燥菌体1mgあたりの各脂肪酸の量を算出した。さらに、総脂肪酸量に対する各脂肪酸の割合を求めた。
その結果、実施例3および実施例5のω3不飽和化酵素遺伝子導入株では、それぞれ、最大40.8%および39.6%のEPAの蓄積がみられた(図3)。一方、対照株ではEPAは産生されなかった(蓄積を測定できず)。
本発明のω3不飽和化酵素を保有するプレクトスピラ・ミリアンドラと、Δ17不飽和化酵素を保有することが報告されているサプロレグニア・ディクリナ(例えば、特許文献4)との間で、炭素数20の脂肪酸に対するω3不飽和化活性を比較した。さらに、他の8種のサプロレグニア・ディクリナ類縁菌についてもω3不飽和化活性を調べた。
表2に記載のプレクトスピラ・ミリアンドラ(NBRC No.32548)、サプロレグニア・ディクリナ(NBRC No.32710)、および他の8種の菌株を、それぞれ5mLのGY培地にて、28℃で7日間培養し、培養後の培地における、ω3不飽和化酵素の産物であるEPA(20:5n-3)と、その基質となるARA(20:4n-6)の量を、ガス液体クロマトグラフィー(GLC)により測定した。
その結果、表2に示すとおり、プレクトスピラ・ミリアンドラでは、サプロレグニア・ディクリナおよびその類縁菌と比べて、ARAに対するEPAの含有比が高かった。これらの結果から、プレクトスピラ・ミリアンドラのω3不飽和化酵素が、ARAからEPAへの変換効率が高く、効率よくEPAを産生することができる酵素であることが示唆された。
Claims (8)
- 配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列と80%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列からなり、かつ炭素数20の脂肪酸に対するω3不飽和化活性を有するポリペプチド。
- 配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列と80%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列が、以下のアミノ酸配列である、請求項1記載のポリペプチド:
(A)配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列;
(B)配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列;
(C)配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列において、1個または複数個のアミノ酸の欠失、置換、挿入および付加から選択される変異を施されたアミノ酸配列;
(D)配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列;
(E)配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列;
または、
(F)配列番号4に示されるアミノ酸配列において、1個または複数個のアミノ酸の欠失、置換、挿入および付加から選択される変異を施されたアミノ酸配列。 - 請求項1又は2記載のポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド。
- 下記に示されるヌクレオチド配列からなる請求項3記載のポリヌクレオチド:
(a)配列番号1に示されるヌクレオチド配列;
(b)配列番号1に示されるヌクレオチド配列と90%以上の同一性を有するヌクレオチド配列;
(c)配列番号1に示されるヌクレオチド配列において、1個または複数個のヌクレオチドの欠失、置換、挿入および付加から選択される変異を施されたヌクレオチド配列;
(d)配列番号1に示されるヌクレオチド配列とストリンジェントな条件でハイブリダイズするヌクレオチド配列;
(e)配列番号3に示されるヌクレオチド配列;
(f)配列番号3に示されるヌクレオチド配列と90%以上の同一性を有するヌクレオチド配列;
(g)配列番号3に示されるヌクレオチド配列において、1個または複数個のヌクレオチドの欠失、置換、挿入および付加から選択される変異を施されたヌクレオチド配列;
(h)配列番号3に示されるヌクレオチド配列とストリンジェントな条件でハイブリダイズするヌクレオチド配列;または、
(i)該(a)~(h)に示されるヌクレオチド配列をコドン至適化したヌクレオチド配列。 - 請求項3又は4記載のポリヌクレオチドを含むベクター。
- 請求項3又は4記載のポリヌクレオチドが導入された形質転換細胞。
- 請求項1又は2記載のポリペプチドを発現する細胞を培養することを含む、エイコサペンタエン酸含有脂質の生産方法。
- 請求項7記載の方法により生産されたエイコサペンタエン酸含有脂質を精製することを含む、エイコサペンタエン酸の生産方法。
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| JP2007037415A (ja) * | 2005-08-01 | 2007-02-15 | Hokkaido Univ | 細胞の脂肪酸組成を改変する方法およびその利用 |
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| JPH0712315B2 (ja) | 1986-07-08 | 1995-02-15 | サントリー株式会社 | エイコサペンタエン酸及びこれを含有する脂質の製造方法 |
| DE3783396T2 (de) | 1986-07-08 | 1993-07-29 | Suntory Ltd | Verfahren zur herstellung von bishomo-gamma-linolensaeure und eicosapentaensaeure. |
| JP4079494B2 (ja) | 1998-03-04 | 2008-04-23 | サントリー株式会社 | アラキドン酸及び/又はエイコサペンタエン酸含有油脂の製造方法 |
| US7211656B2 (en) | 2002-01-30 | 2007-05-01 | Abbott Laboratories | Desaturase genes, enzymes encoded thereby, and uses thereof |
| JP4587451B2 (ja) | 2004-08-20 | 2010-11-24 | サントリーホールディングス株式会社 | ω3脂肪酸不飽和化活性を有するポリペプチドおよびそのポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチドならびにそれらの利用 |
| DK2087105T3 (da) | 2006-10-30 | 2015-05-26 | Du Pont | Delta 17-desaturase og anvendelse heraf ved fremstilling af flerumættede fedtsyrer |
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| US10538793B2 (en) | 2020-01-21 |
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