WO2016099212A1 - 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템 및 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템의 트래킹 방법 - Google Patents
옵티컬 트래킹 시스템 및 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템의 트래킹 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016099212A1 WO2016099212A1 PCT/KR2015/013967 KR2015013967W WO2016099212A1 WO 2016099212 A1 WO2016099212 A1 WO 2016099212A1 KR 2015013967 W KR2015013967 W KR 2015013967W WO 2016099212 A1 WO2016099212 A1 WO 2016099212A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tracking method of an optical tracking system and an optical tracking system, and more particularly, to an optical tracking system and an optical tracking system for tracking a patient or a treatment tool.
- the pre-recorded image includes a three-dimensional image obtained by MRI, CT scan, etc., and at the start of surgery, a registration that matches the coordinate system of the pre-recorded three-dimensional image and the patient's coordinate system is During the operation, it is necessary to grasp the position and posture change according to the movement of the patient or the surgical tool in real time. In addition, if the patient's posture changes during surgery, it is necessary to re-registrate the patient's coordinate system to continuously track the patient or the affected area.
- a dynamic reference base has been utilized for such matching and tracking. That is, after attaching the dynamic reference device to the patient in advance, taking a 3D image such as CT, matching the coordinate system of the 3D image and the patient's coordinate system at the start of surgery, and then performing the dynamic reference during the operation. By tracking the surgical instrument based on the device, the position of the surgical instrument relative to the affected part of the patient is tracked. In this case, the 3D image needs to be taken in advance with the dynamic reference device fixed to the patient for registration, and strictly fixed to the patient for accurate tracking.
- a 3D image such as CT
- the conventional methods such as the difficulty of attaching the marker and the side effects caused by the nailing, the accuracy and reliability of the marker position change that may occur due to the bite of the teeth, the hassle of having to manufacture expensive stamps before surgery
- problems such as the time and cost involved in the production and production.
- the conventional methods even if the dynamic reference device is strictly fixed to the patient, when the patient moves, the distance, posture, etc. between the dynamic reference device and the affected part of the patient may change, so that accurate tracking is not achieved.
- the surgery is performed under the assumption that the patient is not moving, but in reality, since the patient is often moved during the operation, it is difficult to achieve substantially accurate tracking.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an optical tracking system that can accurately and easily track a patient or a surgical tool at a lower cost in a shorter time and can improve the convenience of the patient and the operator.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a tracking method of an optical tracking system that can accurately and easily track a patient or a surgical tool at a lower cost in a shorter time and can improve the convenience of the patient and the operator. .
- An optical tracking system is a patient or the above using a three-dimensional image that is obtained before the procedure for the patient and includes a first portion corresponding to the affected part of the patient. It is provided for tracking a treatment tool for treating a patient.
- the optical tracking system includes a reference marker unit, a sticker marker unit, a shape measuring unit, a tracking sensor unit, and a processing unit.
- the fiducial marker portion is fixedly positioned relative to the first portion of the patient.
- the sticker marker portion is attached in a sticker form to a second portion of the position where rigid registration is possible with respect to the first portion.
- the shape measuring unit measures a three-dimensional shape with respect to the first portion and the second portion.
- the tracking sensor unit senses the reference marker unit and the shape measuring unit to track the reference marker unit and the shape measuring unit, respectively.
- the processor may further include a first between the reference marker unit, the tracking sensor unit, the shape measuring unit, and the first portion of the patient based on a result detected by the tracking sensor unit and a result measured by the shape measuring unit. Acquire a coordinate transformation relationship, obtain a second coordinate transformation relationship between the reference marker unit, the tracking sensor unit, the shape measurement unit, and the second portion of the patient, and obtain the coordinate transformation relationship from the first and second coordinate transformation relationships A third coordinate transformation relationship between the first portion and the second portion is extracted to track the first portion relative to the tracking sensor unit.
- the processing unit when the shape measuring unit is disposed in the first position, the coordinate transformation relationship and the shape measurement between the reference marker unit and the tracking sensor unit based on the result detected by the tracking sensor unit Acquire a coordinate transformation relationship between the unit and the tracking sensor unit, obtain a coordinate transformation relationship between the first portion of the patient and the shape measuring unit based on the result measured by the shape measuring unit, the first coordinate A transformation relationship can be obtained.
- the processor may further include a coordinate transformation relationship between the reference marker unit and the tracking sensor unit based on a result detected by the tracking sensor unit when the shape measuring unit is disposed at a second position different from the first position. Acquiring a coordinate transformation relationship between the shape measuring unit and the tracking sensor unit, and obtaining a coordinate transformation relationship between the second portion of the patient and the shape measuring unit based on the result measured by the shape measuring unit. Two coordinate transformation relations can be obtained.
- the shape measuring unit may include a measuring device for measuring a three-dimensional shape and a marker installed in the measuring device, the tracking sensor unit may sense a marker of the shape measuring unit, and the processing unit may include the The coordinate conversion relationship between the marker of the shape measuring unit and the tracking sensor unit and the coordinate conversion relationship between the measuring device and the marker of the shape measuring unit may be obtained.
- the coordinate transformation relationships may be represented by a coordinate transformation matrix
- the processor may define the first coordinate transformation relationship and the second coordinate transformation relationship by the following equation.
- PR is a coordinate transformation matrix of the first or second portion of the patient with respect to the reference marker portion
- T1 is a coordinate transformation matrix of the reference marker portion with respect to the tracking sensor portion
- T2 is the shape with respect to the tracking sensor portion.
- T3 is the coordinate transformation matrix of the measuring device of the shape measuring unit with respect to the marker of the shape measuring unit
- T4 is the coordinate of the first or second portion of the patient with respect to the measuring device of the shape measuring unit Conversion matrix
- the tracking sensor unit may obtain information for obtaining a coordinate transformation matrix T1 of the reference marker unit for the tracking sensor unit and a coordinate transformation matrix T2 of the marker of the shape measuring unit for the tracking sensor unit.
- the shape measuring unit may measure information for obtaining a coordinate transformation matrix T4 of the first or second portion of the patient with respect to the measuring device of the shape measuring unit, and the processing unit measures the measurement.
- the coordinate transformation matrices T1, T2, and T4 are obtained using the obtained information, and from the obtained coordinate transformation matrices T1, T2, and T4, the shape measuring unit of the measuring device of the shape measuring unit is determined.
- the coordinate transformation matrix T3 and the coordinate transformation matrix PR of the first region or the second region of the patient with respect to the reference marker unit may be calculated.
- the tracking sensor unit and the shape measuring unit may be measured two or more times for each of the first and second portions of the patient.
- the third coordinate transformation matrix PRX defined by the following equation.
- the processor may track the first portion relative to the tracking sensor unit by using the coordinate transformation matrix PRX.
- the processor may match the coordinate system of the 3D image obtained before the procedure with respect to the patient and the coordinate system of the first portion of the patient based on the 3D shape measured by the shape measuring unit.
- the processor may further include a coordinate system of a three-dimensional image obtained before the procedure with respect to the patient and a coordinate system of the first portion of the patient, measured by the shape measuring unit, and the three-dimensional shape of the second portion of the patient. 3 can be reconciled based on coordinate transformation relationship.
- the optical tracking system may further include a surgical tool provided for treating the patient and including a marker.
- the tracking sensor unit senses a marker of the surgical tool to track the surgical tool
- the processing unit is configured to track the tracking result of the surgical tool tracked by the tracking sensor unit and the tracking of the patient relative to the tracking sensor unit. From the tracking result of one site, the procedure tool can be tracked relative to the first site of the patient.
- the sticker marker part may include a marker having a three-dimensional shape, and may be formed in plural and attached to different portions, respectively.
- the processor may include a coordinate system of a three-dimensional image previously obtained before the procedure for the patient and a coordinate system of the treatment tool defined relative to the patient, and a matching result of the coordinate system of the three-dimensional image and the coordinate system of the patient. Can match on the basis.
- a method of tracking an optical tracking system includes: acquiring a three-dimensional image including a first portion corresponding to an affected part of a patient before performing a procedure on the patient; Sensing by a tracking sensor unit a reference marker unit fixedly disposed relative to a site and a shape measurement unit disposed at a first position to measure a three-dimensional shape with respect to the first site, a result sensed by the tracking sensor unit, and Acquiring a first coordinate transformation relationship between the reference marker unit, the tracking sensor unit, the shape measuring unit, and the first portion of the patient based on the result measured by the shape measuring unit disposed at the first position.
- the sticker marker portion is attached to the second portion of the position where the rigid registration with respect to the first portion in the form of a sticker and the three-dimensional shape with respect to the second portion Sensing the shape measuring unit disposed at the second position to measure by the tracking sensor unit, based on the result detected by the tracking sensor unit and the result measured by the shape measuring unit disposed at the second position, the reference Acquiring a second coordinate transformation relationship between a marker portion, the tracking sensor unit, the shape measuring unit, and a second portion of the patient; and the first portion and the second portion from the first and second coordinate transformation relations. Extracting a third coordinate transformation relationship between the parts and tracking the first part relative to the tracking sensor unit.
- the acquiring of the first coordinate transformation relationship may include: a coordinate transformation relationship between the reference marker unit and the tracking sensor unit and the shape measurement unit and the tracking unit based on a result detected by the tracking sensor unit. Acquire a coordinate transformation relationship between a sensor unit, obtain a coordinate transformation relationship between the first portion of the patient and the shape measurement unit based on the result measured by the shape measuring unit, and obtain the first coordinate transformation relationship. It may include the step.
- the acquiring of the second coordinate transformation relationship may include: a coordinate transformation relationship between the reference marker unit and the tracking sensor unit and between the shape measuring unit and the tracking sensor unit based on a result detected by the tracking sensor unit. Acquiring a coordinate transformation relationship of, acquiring a coordinate transformation relationship between the second portion of the patient and the shape measuring unit based on the result measured by the shape measuring unit, and obtaining the second coordinate transformation relationship It may include.
- the tracking method of the optical tracking system matches the coordinate system of the three-dimensional image obtained before the procedure for the patient and the coordinate system of the first portion of the patient based on the three-dimensional shape measured by the shape measuring unit. It may further comprise the step.
- the tracking method of the optical tracking system includes the steps of sensing a marker of the surgical tool to track the surgical tool for treating the patient, and a tracking result of the surgical tool tracked by the tracking sensor unit and the tracking sensor unit. Tracking the procedure tool relative to the first site of the patient from the tracking result of the first site of the patient tracked relative to the patient.
- the method of tracking the optical tracking system includes: a first system of the patient according to the coordinate system of the acquired 3D image and the tracking of the surgical tool; The method may further include matching a coordinate system of the treatment tool defined relative to the site based on a result of matching of the coordinate system of the 3D image and the coordinate system of the first part of the patient.
- An optical tracking system is a method for treating a patient or the patient using a three-dimensional image which is obtained before the procedure for the patient and includes a first portion corresponding to the affected part of the patient. It is provided to track the instrument.
- the optical tracking system includes a sticker marker unit, a shape measuring unit, a tracking sensor unit, and a processing unit.
- the sticker marker portion is attached in a sticker form to a second portion of the position where rigid registration is possible with respect to the first portion.
- the shape measuring unit measures a three-dimensional shape with respect to the first portion and the second portion.
- the tracking sensor unit senses the sticker marker unit and the shape measuring unit to track the sticker marker unit and the shape measuring unit, respectively.
- the processor acquires a coordinate transformation relationship between the sticker marker unit and the tracking sensor unit and a coordinate transformation relationship between the shape measuring unit and the tracking sensor unit based on a result sensed by the tracking sensor unit, and measures the shape.
- a coordinate transformation relationship between the first portion of the patient and the shape measuring unit is acquired based on the result measured by the unit, and the coordinate system of the patient relative to the sticker marker unit is defined from the acquired coordinate transformation relationships. .
- the optical tracking system is provided with a sticker marker at a position where rigid registration is possible with respect to the affected part, the shape measuring part measures the three-dimensional shape with respect to the affected part and the sticker marker part, and the shape of the tracking sensor part.
- the shape measuring unit By sensing the measurement unit and the reference marker unit, and extracting the coordinate transformation relationship between the annular portion and the sticker marker unit from the coordinate transformation relationship therebetween, the shape measuring unit to track the sticker marker unit using the coordinate transformation relationship It is possible to track the position and posture of the affected part with respect to the tracking sensor unit only by the operation.
- the shape measuring unit may easily be re-measured to measure the sticker marker unit, even when the patient moves or posture changes, when the procedure using the coordinate transformation relationship between the affected part and the sticker marker unit In order to easily track the affected area and the treatment tool in real time.
- the shape measuring unit may track the affected part by measuring the sticker marker part without measuring the affected part after the procedure is started, there is no need to move the shaped measuring part to measure the affected part during the procedure, Since the shape measuring unit is positioned around the affected part during the procedure, a problem that may interfere with the procedure can be prevented. Furthermore, since the position at which the sticker marker portion is attached can be selected relatively freely, the position of the shape measuring portion during the procedure can be arranged at a position that does not interfere with the procedure. In addition, the sticker marker portion is attached to the sticker, it can be formed in a form that does not interfere with the procedure, may be attached to a position that does not interfere with the procedure, by employing a number of sticker markers do not interfere with the procedure It can also be used.
- the sticker marker part when the sticker marker part is manufactured in a three-dimensional form, registration may be made easier by adding feature points, and the reference marker part may be omitted by directly tracking the sticker marker part in the tracking sensor part.
- the angle when employing two or more sticker markers and two or more shape measuring units corresponding thereto, the angle can be measured by using the coordinate transformation relationship between the sticker markers. The procedure may be possible.
- the coordinate system of the three-dimensional image obtained before the procedure and the real time during the procedure without attaching the dynamic reference device (DRB) directly to the patient.
- the coordinate system of the patient and the procedure tool which can be moved to each other may be matched with each other.
- it is not necessary to attach the dynamic reference device and it may be possible to reset and realign the coordinate system at any time.
- optical tracking device and the tracking method using the same according to the present invention it is possible to greatly improve the convenience of both the patient and the operator.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an optical tracking system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 to 4 are conceptual views illustrating a modeling process of the optical tracking system of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating tracking and registration of a surgical tool in the optical tracking system of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a coordinate system matching method and a tracking method of an optical tracking system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- first and second may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by the terms. The terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.
- the first component may be referred to as the second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as the first component.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an optical tracking system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an optical tracking system is obtained before a procedure for a patient 10 and includes a first portion 12 corresponding to an affected part of the patient 10. It is provided to track a patient 10 or a surgical tool for treating the patient 10 using a three-dimensional image including a).
- the 3D image is an image previously acquired before the procedure for the patient 10, and may be used as a reference image during the procedure for the patient 10.
- the procedure includes the entire medical treatment for the patient including surgery.
- the 3D image may include a computed tomography (CT) image which is generally obtained in a hospital for diagnosis and treatment.
- the three-dimensional image may include another three-dimensional image, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
- CT computed tomography
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- the three-dimensional image is a concept including a manipulation or reconstruction of the image directly taken, such as a CT image, a concept that includes both a multi-plane reconstruction image and a three-dimensional reconstruction image that is widely used during the actual procedure .
- the optical tracking system 100 includes a reference marker unit 110, a shape measuring unit 120, a tracking sensor unit 130, a processing unit 140, and a sticker marker unit STK.
- the optical tracking system 100 is obtained before the procedure for the patient 10 and uses the three-dimensional image including the first portion 12 corresponding to the affected part of the patient 10. It is provided for tracking a treatment tool for treating the patient 10.
- the fiducial marker part 110 is fixedly disposed relative to the first portion 12 of the patient 10.
- the first part 12 is a part corresponding to the affected part of the patient 10 and is a part to be subjected to the procedure.
- a marker 112 is installed at the reference marker unit 110, and the marker 112 may generate energy or a signal to enable sensing in the tracking sensor unit 130 described later.
- the marker 112 may generate energy or a signal to enable sensing in the tracking sensor unit 130 described later.
- a plurality of markers may be installed in the reference marker unit 110, and one marker having a predetermined pattern may be installed.
- the reference marker unit 110 corresponds to a conventional dynamic reference device (DBR), but the reference marker unit 110 does not become a matching standard unlike the conventional dynamic reference device, and thus, the 3D such as CT and MRI. It is not necessary to attach it to the patient 10 when taking an image.
- the conventional dynamic reference device must be directly attached to the patient 10 and strictly fixed to the patient 10, while the reference marker portion 110 is directly attached to the patient 10. Although it may be, it may be attached to another fixed object such as a bed of the operating room because it only needs to be fixed relative to the patient 10, it does not need to be strictly fixed to the patient (10).
- the sticker marker part STK is attached in the form of a sticker to the second portion 14 at a position where rigid registration is possible with respect to the first portion 12.
- the second portion 14 may be formed at any position as long as rigid registration is possible with respect to the first portion 12.
- the rigid matching does not need to be rigid matching in the strict sense, and may be flexibly interpreted according to the precision and accuracy of the procedure for the patient 10.
- the sticker marker part STK may include a marker having a three-dimensional shape, and may be formed in plural and attached to different portions, respectively.
- the shape measuring unit 120 measures a three-dimensional shape with respect to the first portion 12 and the second portion 14.
- the shape measuring unit 120 may include a measuring device 122 and a marker 124.
- the measuring device 122 measures a three-dimensional shape with respect to the first portion 12 of the patient 10 included in the three-dimensional image, and at a position where rigid registration is possible with respect to the first portion 12.
- a three-dimensional shape is measured for the second portion 14 of the patient 10 present.
- the shape measuring unit 120 may be disposed at a first position corresponding to the first portion 12, and may be disposed at a second position corresponding to the second portion 14. Since the first position and the second position are respectively disposed corresponding to the first portion 12 and the second portion 14, the first position and the second position may be different positions, but may be the same position.
- the measuring device 122 irradiates the grid patterned light to the first portion 12 or the second portion 14 of the patient 10, the patient (according to the grid patterned light ( After acquiring a reflection image of the first portion 12 or the second portion 14 of 10), a three-dimensional shape may be measured by applying a bucket algorithm to the acquired reflection image. . In addition, a 3D image may be obtained from the measured 3D shape.
- the measuring device 122 may include an optical coherence tomography (OCT) device.
- OCT optical coherence tomography
- the optical coherence tomography apparatus is a high resolution imaging apparatus capable of three-dimensional imaging of microstructures inside biological tissues by combining the interference phenomenon of light and the principle of confocal microscopy, for example, near infrared (wavelength 0.6 ⁇ m to 1.3
- An optical tomography apparatus for imaging a cross section of a living tissue in a non-contact and non-invasive manner using a light source in the ( ⁇ m) region may be operated based on a Michelson interferometer.
- the optical signal generated from the light source is divided into two optical signals in the optical coupler and incident on the reference stage and the sample stage, the reference light returned from the reference stage and the sample light scattered back from the sample stage meet again to cause optical interference.
- the cross section of the object to be photographed may be imaged using the optical interference signal.
- the marker 124 is installed in the measuring device 122.
- the marker 124 may generate energy or a signal to enable sensing in the tracking sensor unit 130 described later.
- a plurality of markers may be installed in the shape measuring unit 120, and one marker having a predetermined pattern may be installed.
- the tracking sensor unit 130 senses the reference marker unit 110 and the shape measuring unit 120 to track the reference marker unit 110 and the shape measuring unit 120, respectively. .
- the tracking sensor unit 130 may sense the marker 112 of the reference marker unit 110 and may sense the marker 124 of the shape measuring unit 120. Accordingly, the position and / or posture of the reference marker unit 110 may be known, and the position and / or posture of the shape measuring unit 120 may be known.
- the processing unit 140 may include, for example, a computer or a central processing unit of a computer.
- the processing unit 140 is based on the results sensed by the tracking sensor unit 130 and the results measured by the shape measuring unit 120, the reference marker unit 110, the tracking sensor unit 130, the Acquire a first coordinate transformation relationship between the shape measuring unit 120 and the first portion 12 of the patient, and the reference marker unit 110, the tracking sensor unit 130, and the shape measuring unit 120. And a second coordinate transformation relationship between the second portion 14 of the patient.
- the processing unit 140 extracts a third coordinate transformation relationship between the first portion 12 and the second portion 14 from the first and second coordinate transformation relations to the tracking sensor unit 130. Track the first portion 12 relative to.
- the processing unit 140 when the shape measurement unit 120 is disposed in the first position, the reference marker unit 110 and the reference marker unit 110 are based on the sensing result of the tracking sensor unit 130.
- the coordinate transformation relationship between the tracking sensor unit 130 and the coordinate transformation relationship between the shape measuring unit 120 and the tracking sensor unit 130 are obtained.
- the processor 140 acquires a coordinate transformation relationship between the first portion 12 of the patient 10 and the shape measurer 120 based on the result measured by the shape measurer 120. do.
- the first coordinate transformation relationship may be obtained from the coordinate transformation relationships thus obtained.
- the coordinate transformation relations may be defined, for example, in a matrix form.
- the processing unit 140 when the shape measuring unit 120 is disposed in the second position, the reference marker unit 110 and the tracking sensor based on the result detected by the tracking sensor unit 130. Coordinate transformation relationship between the unit 130 and the coordinate transformation relationship between the shape measuring unit 120 and the tracking sensor unit 130 is obtained. Accordingly, the processing unit 140 obtains the coordinate transformation relationship between the second portion 14 of the patient 10 and the shape measuring unit 120 based on the result measured by the shape measuring unit 120. do.
- the second coordinate transformation relationship may be obtained from the coordinate transformation relationships thus obtained.
- the coordinate transformation relations may be defined, for example, in a matrix form.
- the processing unit 140 extracts a third coordinate transformation relationship between the first portion 12 and the second portion 14 from the obtained first and second coordinate transformation relations, and the tracking sensor unit ( Track the first portion 12 relative to 130).
- the processing unit 140 is a coordinate transformation relationship between the marker 124 of the shape measuring unit 120 and the tracking sensor unit 130 and the measuring device 122 of the shape measuring unit 120.
- the coordinate transformation relationship between the marker 124 may be separately obtained.
- the coordinate transformation relationships may be represented by a coordinate transformation matrix.
- FIG. 2 to 4 are conceptual views illustrating a modeling process of the optical tracking system of FIG. 1.
- the optical tracking system 100 may represent the coordinate transformation relationships as coordinate transformation matrices T1, T2, T3, T4, and PR, respectively.
- PR is the coordinate transformation matrix of the predetermined portion 16 of the patient 10 with respect to the reference marker unit 110
- T1 is the coordinate transformation of the reference marker unit 110 with respect to the tracking sensor unit 130
- Matrix is the coordinate transformation matrix of the marker 124 of the shape measuring unit 120 with respect to the tracking sensor unit 130
- T3 is the measuring device 122 for the marker 124 of the shape measuring unit 120
- the coordinate transformation matrix, T4 denotes the coordinate transformation matrix of the predetermined portion 16 of the patient 10 with respect to the measuring device 122 of the shape measuring unit 120.
- the predetermined portion 16 means a specific portion of the patient 10 including the first portion 12 and the second portion 14.
- the coordinate transformation matrix PR of the predetermined region 16 of the patient 10 with respect to the reference marker unit 110 is formed so as to form a closed loop based on the arrow direction shown in FIG. 2.
- T3 and T4 can be obtained by equation (1).
- Equation 2 After forming two different paths from the tracking sensor unit 130 to the patient 10 so as to be a closed loop, Equation 2 can be obtained, and the same result can be obtained by Equation 1 being modified.
- the processor 140 obtains a coordinate transformation matrix PR by Equation 1 (or Equation 2) to define a coordinate system of a predetermined portion 16 of the patient 10 relative to the reference marker unit 110. can do.
- the tracking sensor unit 130 may include a coordinate transformation matrix T1 of the reference marker unit 110 with respect to the tracking sensor unit 130 and the shape measuring unit with respect to the tracking sensor unit 130.
- Information for obtaining the coordinate transformation matrix T2 of the marker 124 of 120 may be measured, and the shape measuring unit 120 may measure the patient with respect to the measuring device 122 of the shape measuring unit 120.
- Information for obtaining the coordinate transformation matrix T4 of the predetermined portion 16 of (10) may be measured.
- the processor 140 may obtain coordinate transformation matrices T1, T2, and T4 by using the measured information, and form the shape measuring unit from the obtained coordinate transformation matrices T1, T2, and T4.
- the coordinate transformation matrix T3 of the measuring device 122 with respect to the marker 124 of 120 and the coordinate transformation matrix PR of the predetermined region 16 of the patient 10 with respect to the reference marker unit 110 are determined. Can be calculated.
- the coordinate transformation matrices T3 and PR may be obtained by applying the following mathematical scheme, and the processor 140 may implement the mathematical scheme to calculate the coordinate transformation matrices T3 and PR. can do.
- the coordinate transformation matrices are configured to include the rotation transformation portion R and the position transformation portion t, and then substituted by Equation 2 to obtain Equation 3.
- Equation 4 By arranging Equation 3, Equation 4 can be obtained.
- Equation 5 When each component of Equation 4 is expressed by an equation, Equations 5 and 6 can be obtained.
- Equation 5 can be obtained by arranging Equation 5 by defining R TT .
- Equation 8 can be obtained by arranging Equation 6 by further defining t TT .
- Equation 7 the rotation transformation matrix R has a 3 ⁇ 3 form
- the position transformation matrix t has a 3 ⁇ 1 form.
- Equation 7 all components of R TT (ie, all components of R T1 and R T2 ) and all components of R T4 can be known from the measurements described above, and in addition to Equation 8 all components of t T4 are known.
- the number of unknowns is 24, including nine components of R PR and R T3 and three components of t PR and t T4 .
- Equations 7 and 8 are all 12 equations including 24 unknowns, more accurate solutions can be obtained by two or more measurements. Accordingly, the tracking sensor unit 130 and the shape measuring unit ( The measurement of 120 may be performed two or more times.
- the coordinate system of the predetermined portion 16 of the patient 10 may be defined using the coordinate transformation relations measured as described above.
- the above-described mathematical method may be replaced by another method to obtain the coordinate transformation matrices T3 and PR.
- the processor 140 may calculate the coordinate transformation matrices T3 and PR by applying a dual quaternion scheme.
- Equation 9 can be obtained from Equation 1 described above, and Equation 9 can be obtained by modifying Equation 9 below.
- Equation 11 By developing Equation 10 to remove the higher order term, Equation 11 can be obtained.
- Equations 9 and 11 can be modified by applying the dual quaternion method, respectively, to obtain Equation 12 and Equation 13 below.
- Equation 14 By converting Equations 12 and 13 into a matrix equation form, Equation 14 can be obtained, and the coordinate transformation matrices T3 and PR can be calculated from Equation 14.
- the processing unit 140 in the shape measuring unit 120 to the coordinate system of the three-dimensional image and the coordinate system of the first portion 12 of the patient 10 previously obtained before the procedure for the patient 10 Matching can be based on the measured three-dimensional shape.
- the three-dimensional shape obtained as described above.
- the coordinate system (or the three-dimensional image obtained therefrom) and the coordinate system of the three-dimensional image are matched using the three-dimensional shape itself as a cover (natural landmark).
- the predetermined part 16 is the first part 12
- the three-dimensional shape becomes a three-dimensional shape corresponding to the affected part of the patient 10.
- the coordinate transformation matrix of the first portion 12 of the patient 10 with respect to the reference marker portion 110 is PR1. It can be represented as In addition, when the predetermined portion 16 is the second portion 14, the coordinate transformation matrix of the second portion 14 of the patient 10 with respect to the reference marker portion 110 may be represented by PR2. .
- Equation 1 may be represented by Equation 15 in the case of the first portion 12 and Equation 16 in the case of the second portion 14, and Equation 2 to Equation 14 Equations shown in Equation 15 may be modified and expressed according to Equation 15 and Equation 16.
- PR1 and PR2 mean coordinate transformation matrices of the first portion 12 and the second portion 14 of the patient 10 with respect to the reference marker portion 110, respectively.
- T1 is The coordinate transformation matrix, T2, and T2 'of the reference marker unit 110 with respect to the tracking sensor unit 130 are the tracking sensor unit 130 at the first position L1 and the second position L2, respectively.
- the coordinate transformation matrices T4 and T4 'of the measuring device 122 with respect to the marker 124 are the measuring device of the shape measuring unit 120 at the first position L1 and the second position L2, respectively.
- the first position (L1) and the second position (L2) is only a formal representation of the position of the shape measuring unit 120 does not mean a specifically quantified position.
- Equation 15 the coordinate transformation matrix PRX of the first portion 12 with respect to the second portion 14 can be obtained, and can be expressed by Equation 17.
- Equation 17 The coordinate transformation matrix PRS of the first portion 12 with respect to the tracking sensor unit 130 may be defined as in Equation 18.
- Equation 18 the reference marker unit 110 and the first position are defined. All coordinate transformation matrices T1, T2, T3, and T4 associated with the shape measuring unit 120 at L1 are excluded.
- the coordinate transformation matrix PRX can be obtained from Equation 17. Since the second portion 14 has a rigid registration relationship with respect to the first portion 12, the coordinate transformation matrix PRX may be recognized as a fixed invariant matrix.
- the tracking sensor unit 130 senses the shape measuring unit 120, and the shape measuring unit 120 measures the sticker marker unit STK, thereby continuously maintaining the affected part of the patient 10.
- the corresponding first portion 12 can be tracked.
- the tracking sensor 130 senses the shape measuring unit 120 to obtain a coordinate transformation matrix T2 'again, and the shape measuring unit 120, after obtaining the coordinate transformation matrix T4 ′ by measuring the sticker marker part STK, Equation 18 may be applied. Accordingly, when the equations 2 to 14 are applied by substituting the coordinate transformation matrices T2 ', T4' and PRX in Equation 18, the coordinate transformation matrices PRS and T3 'are applied. Since it can be obtained, the first portion 12 of the patient 10 can be easily tracked in real time using the coordinate transformation matrix PRS.
- the processor 140 measures the coordinate system of the 3D image obtained before the procedure of the patient 10 and the coordinate system of the first portion 12 of the patient 10 by the shape measuring unit 120.
- the second dimension 14 of the patient 10 may be realigned based on the three-dimensional shape and the third coordinate transformation relationship. That is, the coordinate system of the second part 14 may be defined using the three-dimensional shape of the second part 14 of the patient 10 measured by the shape measuring part 120, and the third transformation may be performed. Since the coordinate transformation matrix PRX corresponding to the relationship may be converted into the first portion 12, the coordinate system and the first portion of the three-dimensional image obtained before the procedure with respect to the patient 10 accordingly.
- the coordinate system of (12) can be re-aligned.
- the sticker marker (STK) is easy to detach, even when the position is modified at any time to attach to other parts of the patient 10, by repeating the above process the first part of the patient 10 (12) can be tracked.
- the sticker marker part STK may be easily attached, and even when the additional sticker marker part is attached to another part of the patient 10 at any time, the above-described process may be performed again.
- the first portion 12 can be tracked.
- the tracking process as described above may be automatically or manually performed by a user.
- the optical tracking system 100 may include a motion detector (not shown) for detecting the movement of the patient 10, and instead of including the tracking sensor unit 130 separately In addition, the movement of the patient 10 may be detected.
- the processing unit 140 may re-perform the tracking process by re-executing the above process.
- the reference marker part 110 is the sticker marker part STK in the tracking sensor part 130. May be omitted by directly tracking.
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating tracking and registration of a surgical tool in the optical tracking system of FIG. 1.
- the optical tracking system 100 may further include a surgical tool 150.
- the surgical tool 150 is a tool for treating the patient 10 and includes a marker 152.
- the marker 152 may generate energy or a signal to enable sensing in the tracking sensor unit 130.
- the marker 152 may be formed in plural and may include pattern information.
- the tracking sensor unit 130 may track the surgical tool 150 by sensing the marker 152 of the surgical tool 150.
- the processor 140 tracks the first tracking result of the surgical tool 150 tracked by the tracking sensor unit 130 and a first portion of the patient 10 that is relatively tracked with respect to the tracking sensor unit 130. From the second tracking result of (12), the surgical tool 150 can be tracked relative to the first portion 12 of the patient 10.
- a coordinate transformation relationship between the marker 152 of the surgical tool 150 and the tracking sensor unit 130 is obtained based on the first tracking result, and the patient (based on the second tracking result). Acquisition of the coordinate transformation relationship between the first portion 12 of the 10 and the tracking sensor unit 130.
- the coordinate transformation relations may be defined, for example, in a matrix form, and may be represented by a coordinate transformation matrix.
- the processor 140 may define a coordinate system of the surgical tool 150 relative to the patient 10 using the obtained coordinate transformation relationships.
- the coordinate system may be defined in the form of a matrix.
- the coordinate transformation matrix T5 of the surgical tool 150 defined relative to the first portion 12 of the patient 10 may be known according to Equation 19 below.
- the procedure tool 150 may be tracked relative to the first portion 12 of the patient 10 using the coordinate transformation relations measured as described above, and the first portion of the patient 10 may be tracked.
- the coordinate system of the surgical tool 150 relative to (12) may be defined.
- the coordinate transformation matrix T5 of the surgical tool 150 is shown based on the marker 152, a point where tracking is required, for example, an end portion of the surgical tool 150 (
- the processing unit 140 is the treatment tool 150 defined relative to the coordinate system of the three-dimensional image previously obtained before the procedure for the patient 10 and the first portion 12 of the patient 10. ) Can be matched based on a matching result of the coordinate system of the 3D image and the coordinate system of the first portion 12 of the patient 10.
- the coordinate system of the three-dimensional image obtained before the procedure for the first portion 12 of the patient 10 and the first portion 12 of the patient 10. Can be matched based on the three-dimensional shape measured by the shape measuring unit 120, and the surgical tool 150 relative to the first portion 12 of the patient 10 as described above. Since the coordinate system of the present invention can be defined, the coordinate system of the three-dimensional image and the first region 12 of the patient 10 obtained before the procedure for the first region 12 of the patient 10 are Coordinate systems of the surgical tool 150 defined relative to each other may be matched with each other.
- the optical tracking system 100 may further include a display unit (not shown) connected to the processing unit 140.
- the display unit may include a three-dimensional image previously obtained before the procedure, an image of the three-dimensional shape measured by the shape measuring unit 120, an image of the treatment tool 150, and an overlap image in which the images are matched. Can be displayed.
- the processing unit 140 may define a coordinate system of the surgical tool 150 relative to the first portion 12 of the patient 10 from the coordinate transformation relations and perform the procedure in real time at the time of the procedure.
- the tool 150 can be tracked.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a coordinate system matching method and a tracking method of an optical tracking system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- a three-dimensional image such as a CT image obtained before the procedure may be stored in, for example, a computer.
- the reference marker portion 110 fixed to the patient 10 and the first portion 12 of the patient 10 are disposed at a first position L1 to measure a three-dimensional shape.
- the shape measuring unit 120 is sensed by the tracking sensor unit 130 (S120).
- the reference marker unit 110 and the tracking are based on the results sensed by the tracking sensor unit 130 and the results measured by the shape measuring unit 120 disposed at the first position L1.
- a first coordinate transformation relationship between the sensor unit 130, the shape measuring unit 120, and the first portion 12 of the patient 10 is obtained (S130).
- the coordinate transformation relationship between the reference marker unit 110 and the tracking sensor unit 130 and the shape measuring unit 120 and the tracking sensor unit (based on the result detected by the tracking sensor unit 130) Acquisition of the coordinate transformation relationship between 130, and the coordinate transformation relationship between the first portion 12 of the patient 10 and the shape measuring unit 120 based on the result measured by the shape measuring unit 120. May be obtained to obtain the first coordinate transformation relationship.
- a three-dimensional shape is measured with respect to the sticker marker portion STK and the second portion 14 attached to the second portion 14 at a position where rigid registration is possible with respect to the first portion 12.
- the shape measuring unit 120 disposed at the second position L2 is sensed by the tracking sensor unit 130 (S140).
- a second coordinate transformation relationship between the sensor unit 130, the shape measuring unit 120, and the second portion 14 of the patient 10 is obtained (S150).
- the coordinate transformation relationship between the reference marker unit 110 and the tracking sensor unit 130 and the shape measuring unit 120 and the tracking sensor unit (based on the result detected by the tracking sensor unit 130) Acquisition of the coordinate transformation relationship between the 130 and the coordinate transformation relationship between the second portion 14 of the patient 10 and the shape measuring unit 120 based on the result measured by the shape measuring unit 120. May be obtained to obtain the second coordinate transformation relationship.
- a third coordinate transformation relationship between the first portion 12 and the second portion 14 is extracted from the first and second coordinate transformation relations, and the first relative relative to the tracking sensor unit 130 is obtained.
- One part 12, ie, the affected part is tracked (S160).
- a coordinate system of the first portion 12 relative to the tracking sensor unit 130 may be defined.
- the coordinate system of the 3D image obtained before the procedure for the patient 10 and the coordinate system of the first portion 12 of the patient 10 are based on the 3D shape measured by the shape measuring unit 120. Can be matched to (S170).
- the coordinate system of the first portion 12 of the patient 10 is defined relative to the tracking sensor unit 130, and the coordinate system of the three-dimensional image such as a CT image obtained in advance and the patient 10.
- the coordinate system of the first portion 12 of may be matched.
- the surgical tool 150 is provided with a marker 152 attached to an operator such as a doctor, and the operator uses the surgical tool 150 for directly operating the patient 10 or using equipment such as a surgical robot. Operate. With respect to the surgical tool 150, the following steps for tracking are performed.
- the tracking sensor unit 130 senses the marker 152 of the surgical tool 150 (S180).
- the tracking result of the tracking tool 150 and the tracking result of the first portion 12 of the patient 10 tracked relative to the tracking sensor unit 130 are determined.
- the surgical tool 150 is tracked relative to the first portion 12 (S190).
- the coordinate system of the surgical tool 150 defined relative to the first portion 12 of the patient 10 according to the acquired coordinate system of the 3D image and the tracking of the surgical tool 150 is 3 Matching is performed based on a matching result of the coordinate system of the 3D image and the coordinate system of the first portion 12 of the patient 10 (S200).
- the coordinate system of the surgical tool 150 for treating the patient 10 is relatively defined with respect to the first portion 12 of the patient 10, and a three-dimensional image such as a previously obtained CT image is obtained.
- a coordinate system and the coordinate system of the surgical tool 150 may be matched.
- a coordinate system matching method of the optical tracking system 100 is briefly described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 6, but the detailed operation of the optical tracking system 100 is described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. Duplicate detailed description is omitted since it is substantially the same as.
- a sticker marker part is provided at a position where rigid registration is possible with respect to the affected part, and a shape measuring part measures a three-dimensional shape with respect to the affected part and the sticker marker part, and a tracking sensor part.
- the shape measuring unit and the reference marker unit are sensed by extracting the coordinate transformation relationship between the affected part and the sticker marker unit from the coordinate transformation relations therebetween, so that the shape measuring unit uses the coordinate transformation relationship to determine the sticker marker.
- the position and posture of the affected part with respect to the tracking sensor part may be tracked only by the tracking of the part.
- the shape measuring unit may easily be re-measured to measure the sticker marker unit, even when the patient moves or posture changes, when the procedure using the coordinate transformation relationship between the affected part and the sticker marker unit In order to easily track the affected area and the treatment tool in real time.
- the shape measuring unit may track the affected part by measuring the sticker marker part without measuring the affected part after the procedure is started, there is no need to move the shaped measuring part to measure the affected part during the procedure, Since the shape measuring unit is positioned around the affected part during the procedure, a problem that may interfere with the procedure can be prevented. Furthermore, since the position at which the sticker marker portion is attached can be selected relatively freely, the position of the shape measuring portion during the procedure can be arranged at a position that does not interfere with the procedure. In addition, the sticker marker portion is attached to the sticker, it can be formed in a form that does not interfere with the procedure, may be attached to a position that does not interfere with the procedure, by employing a number of sticker markers do not interfere with the procedure It can also be used.
- the sticker marker part when the sticker marker part is manufactured in a three-dimensional form, registration may be made easier by adding feature points, and the reference marker part may be omitted by directly tracking the sticker marker part in the tracking sensor part.
- the angle when employing two or more sticker markers and two or more shape measuring units corresponding thereto, the angle can be measured by using the coordinate transformation relationship between the sticker markers. The procedure may be possible.
- the coordinate system of the three-dimensional image obtained before the procedure and the real time during the procedure without attaching the dynamic reference device (DRB) directly to the patient.
- the coordinate system of the patient and the procedure tool which can be moved to each other may be matched with each other.
- it is not necessary to attach the dynamic reference device and it may be possible to reset and realign the coordinate system at any time.
- optical tracking device and the tracking method using the same according to the present invention it is possible to greatly improve the convenience of both the patient and the operator.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (18)
- 환자에 대한 시술 이전에 미리 획득되며 상기 환자의 환부에 대응하는 제1 부위를 포함하는 3차원 영상을 이용하여 환자나 상기 환자를 시술하기 위한 시술도구를 트래킹하기 위한 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템(optical tracking system)에 있어서,상기 환자의 제1 부위와 이격되어 배치된 기준 마커(marker)부;상기 제1 부위에 대해서 강체 정합이 가능한 위치의 제2 부위에 스티커 형태로 부착되는 스티커 마커부;상기 제1 부위 및 상기 제2 부위에 대하여 3차원 형상을 측정하는 형상 측정부;상기 기준 마커부 및 상기 형상 측정부를 각각 트래킹하도록 상기 기준 마커부 및 상기 형상 측정부를 센싱(sensing)하는 트래킹 센서부; 및상기 트래킹 센서부에서 센싱된 결과 및 상기 형상 측정부에서 측정된 결과를 기초로, 상기 기준 마커부, 상기 트래킹 센서부, 상기 형상 측정부 및 상기 환자의 제1 부위 사이의 제1 좌표변환관계를 획득하고, 상기 기준 마커부, 상기 트래킹 센서부, 상기 형상 측정부 및 상기 환자의 제2 부위 사이의 제2 좌표변환관계를 획득하며, 상기 제1 및 제2 좌표변환관계들로부터 상기 제1 부위 및 상기 제2 부위 사이의 제3 좌표변환관계를 추출하여 상기 트래킹 센서부에 대해 상대적인 상기 제1 부위를 트래킹하는 처리부를 포함하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 처리부는,상기 형상 측정부가 제1 위치에 배치될 때, 상기 트래킹 센서부에서 센싱된 결과를 기초로 상기 기준 마커부와 상기 트래킹 센서부 사이의 좌표변환관계 및 상기 형상 측정부와 상기 트래킹 센서부 사이의 좌표변환관계를 획득하고, 상기 형상 측정부에서 측정된 결과를 기초로 상기 환자의 제1 부위와 상기 형상 측정부 사이의 좌표변환관계를 획득하여, 상기 제1 좌표변환관계를 획득하고,상기 형상 측정부가 상기 제1 위치와 다른 제2 위치에 배치될 때, 상기 트래킹 센서부에서 센싱된 결과를 기초로 상기 기준 마커부와 상기 트래킹 센서부 사이의 좌표변환관계 및 상기 형상 측정부와 상기 트래킹 센서부 사이의 좌표변환관계를 획득하고, 상기 형상 측정부에서 측정된 결과를 기초로 상기 환자의 제2 부위와 상기 형상 측정부 사이의 좌표변환관계를 획득하여, 상기 제2 좌표변환관계를 획득하는 것을 특징으로 하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 형상 측정부는, 3차원 형상을 측정하는 측정장치 및 상기 측정장치에 설치된 마커를 포함하고,상기 트래킹 센서부는 상기 형상 측정부의 마커를 센싱하며,상기 처리부는,상기 형상 측정부의 마커와 상기 트래킹 센서부 사이의 좌표변환관계 및 상기 형상 측정부의 상기 측정장치와 상기 마커 사이의 좌표변환관계를 획득하는 것을 특징으로 하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 좌표변환관계들은 좌표변환행렬로 표현되고,상기 처리부는 하기 수학식에 의해 상기 제1 좌표변환관계 및 상기 제2 좌표변환관계를 정의하는 것을 특징으로 하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템.(PR은 상기 기준 마커부에 대한 상기 환자의 제1 부위 또는 제2 부위의 좌표변환행렬, T1은 상기 트래킹 센서부에 대한 상기 기준 마커부의 좌표변환행렬, T2는 상기 트래킹 센서부에 대한 상기 형상 측정부의 마커의 좌표변환행렬, T3는 상기 형상 측정부의 마커에 대한 상기 형상 측정부의 측정장치의 좌표변환행렬, T4는 상기 형상 측정부의 측정장치에 대한 상기 환자의 제1 부위 또는 제2 부위의 좌표변환행렬)
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 트래킹 센서부는 상기 트래킹 센서부에 대한 상기 기준 마커부의 좌표변환행렬(T1) 및 상기 트래킹 센서부에 대한 상기 형상 측정부의 마커의 좌표변환행렬(T2)을 획득하기 위한 정보를 측정하고,상기 형상 측정부는 상기 형상 측정부의 측정장치에 대한 상기 환자의 제1 부위 또는 제2 부위의 좌표변환행렬(T4)을 획득하기 위한 정보를 측정하며,상기 처리부는 상기 측정된 정보들을 이용하여 상기 좌표변환행렬들(T1, T2, T4)을 획득하고, 상기 획득된 좌표변환행렬들(T1, T2, T4)로부터 상기 형상측정부의 마커에 대한 상기 형상 측정부의 측정장치의 좌표변환행렬(T3) 및 상기 기준 마커부에 대한 상기 환자의 제1 부위 또는 제2 부위의 좌표변환행렬(PR)을 산출하는 것을 특징으로 하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 트래킹 센서부 및 상기 형상 측정부의 측정은 상기 환자의 제1 부위 및 제2 부위 각각에 대해서 2회 이상 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 처리부는 상기 환자에 대하여 시술 이전에 미리 획득된 3차원 영상의 좌표계 및 상기 환자의 제1 부위의 좌표계를 상기 형상 측정부에서 측정된 3차원 형상을 기초로 정합하는 것을 특징으로 하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 처리부는 상기 환자에 대하여 시술 이전에 미리 획득된 3차원 영상의 좌표계 및 상기 환자의 제1 부위의 좌표계를 상기 형상 측정부에서 측정된 상기 환자의 제2 부위의 3차원 형상 및 상기 제3 좌표변환관계를 기초로 재정합하는 것을 특징으로 하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 환자를 시술하기 위해 제공되며 마커를 포함하는 시술도구를 더 포함하고,상기 트래킹 센서부는 상기 시술도구를 트래킹하도록 상기 시술도구의 마커를 센싱하며,상기 처리부는 상기 트래킹 센서부에서 트래킹된 상기 시술도구의 트래킹 결과 및 상기 트래킹 센서부에 대해 상대적으로 트래킹된 상기 환자의 제1 부위의 트래킹 결과로부터, 상기 환자의 제1 부위에 대해 상대적으로 상기 시술도구를 트래킹하는 것을 특징으로 하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 스티커 마커부는 3차원 형태의 마커를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 스티커 마커부는 복수로 형성되어 서로 다른 부위에 각각 부착되는 것을 특징으로 하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템.
- 환자에 대한 시술 이전에 상기 환자의 환부에 대응하는 제1 부위를 포함하는 3차원 영상을 획득하는 단계;상기 환자의 제1 부위와 이격되어 배치된 기준 마커부 및 상기 제1 부위에 대하여 3차원 형상을 측정하도록 제1 위치에 배치되는 형상 측정부를 트래킹 센서부에 의해 센싱하는 단계;상기 트래킹 센서부에서 센싱된 결과 및 상기 제1 위치에 배치된 상기 형상 측정부에서 측정된 결과를 기초로, 상기 기준 마커부, 상기 트래킹 센서부, 상기 형상 측정부 및 상기 환자의 제1 부위 사이의 제1 좌표변환관계를 획득하는 단계;상기 제1 부위에 대해서 강체 정합이 가능한 위치의 제2 부위에 스티커 형태로 부착되는 스티커 마커부 및 상기 제2 부위에 대하여 3차원 형상을 측정하도록 제2 위치에 배치되는 형상 측정부를 트래킹 센서부에 의해 센싱하는 단계;상기 트래킹 센서부에서 센싱된 결과 및 상기 제2 위치에 배치된 상기 형상 측정부에서 측정된 결과를 기초로, 상기 기준 마커부, 상기 트래킹 센서부, 상기 형상 측정부 및 상기 환자의 제2 부위 사이의 제2 좌표변환관계를 획득하는 단계; 및상기 제1 및 제2 좌표변환관계들로부터 상기 제1 부위 및 상기 제2 부위 사이의 제3 좌표변환관계를 추출하여 상기 트래킹 센서부에 대해 상대적인 상기 제1 부위를 트래킹하는 단계를 포함하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템의 트래킹 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 제1 좌표변환관계를 획득하는 단계는,상기 트래킹 센서부에서 센싱된 결과를 기초로 상기 기준 마커부와 상기 트래킹 센서부 사이의 좌표변환관계 및 상기 형상 측정부와 상기 트래킹 센서부 사이의 좌표변환관계를 획득하고, 상기 형상 측정부에서 측정된 결과를 기초로 상기 환자의 제1 부위와 상기 형상 측정부 사이의 좌표변환관계를 획득하여, 상기 제1 좌표변환관계를 획득하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 제2 좌표변환관계를 획득하는 단계는,상기 트래킹 센서부에서 센싱된 결과를 기초로 상기 기준 마커부와 상기 트래킹 센서부 사이의 좌표변환관계 및 상기 형상 측정부와 상기 트래킹 센서부 사이의 좌표변환관계를 획득하고, 상기 형상 측정부에서 측정된 결과를 기초로 상기 환자의 제2 부위와 상기 형상 측정부 사이의 좌표변환관계를 획득하여, 상기 제2 좌표변환관계를 획득하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템의 트래킹 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 환자에 대하여 시술 이전에 획득된 3차원 영상의 좌표계 및 상기 환자의 제1 부위의 좌표계를 상기 형상 측정부에서 측정된 3차원 형상을 기초로 정합하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템의 트래킹 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 환자를 시술하기 위한 시술도구를 트래킹하도록 상기 시술도구의 마커를 센싱하는 단계;상기 트래킹 센서부에서 트래킹된 상기 시술도구의 트래킹 결과 및 상기 트래킹 센서부에 대해 상대적으로 트래킹된 상기 환자의 제1 부위의 트래킹 결과로부터, 상기 환자의 제1 부위에 대해 상대적으로 상기 시술도구를 트래킹하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템의 트래킹 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 환자의 제1 부위에 대해 상대적으로 상기 시술도구를 트래킹하는 단계 이후에,상기 획득된 3차원 영상의 좌표계 및 상기 시술도구의 트래킹에 따라 상기 환자의 제1 부위에 대해 상대적으로 정의되는 상기 시술도구의 좌표계를 상기 3차원 영상의 좌표계 및 상기 환자의 제1 부위의 좌표계의 정합 결과를 기초로 정합하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템의 트래킹 방법.
- 환자에 대한 시술 이전에 미리 획득되며 상기 환자의 환부에 대응하는 제1 부위를 포함하는 3차원 영상을 이용하여 환자나 상기 환자를 시술하기 위한 시술도구를 트래킹하기 위한 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템(optical tracking system)에 있어서,상기 제1 부위에 대해서 강체 정합이 가능한 위치의 제2 부위에 스티커 형태로 부착되는 스티커 마커부;상기 제1 부위 및 상기 제2 부위에 대하여 3차원 형상을 측정하는 형상 측정부;상기 스티커 마커부 및 상기 형상 측정부를 각각 트래킹하도록 상기 스티커 마커부 및 상기 형상 측정부를 센싱(sensing)하는 트래킹 센서부; 및상기 트래킹 센서부에서 센싱된 결과를 기초로 상기 스티커 마커부와 상기 트래킹 센서부 사이의 좌표변환관계 및 상기 형상 측정부와 상기 트래킹 센서부 사이의 좌표변환관계를 획득하고, 상기 형상 측정부에서 측정된 결과를 기초로 상기 환자의 제1 부위와 상기 형상 측정부 사이의 좌표변환관계를 획득하여, 상기 획득된 좌표변환관계들로부터 상기 스티커 마커부에 대해 상대적인 상기 환자의 좌표계를 정의하는 처리부를 포함하는 옵티컬 트래킹 시스템.
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EP15870379.3A EP3235460B1 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2015-12-18 | Optical tracking system |
CN201580068912.5A CN107106243B (zh) | 2014-12-19 | 2015-12-18 | 光学跟踪系统及光学跟踪系统的跟踪方法 |
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