WO2016091046A1 - 防风沙高速轨道车辆 - Google Patents

防风沙高速轨道车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016091046A1
WO2016091046A1 PCT/CN2015/094420 CN2015094420W WO2016091046A1 WO 2016091046 A1 WO2016091046 A1 WO 2016091046A1 CN 2015094420 W CN2015094420 W CN 2015094420W WO 2016091046 A1 WO2016091046 A1 WO 2016091046A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
bogie
sand
layer
skirt
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/094420
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
程建峰
权光辉
丁叁叁
梁建英
陶桂东
Original Assignee
中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201420769613.7U external-priority patent/CN204279441U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410747554.8A external-priority patent/CN104527676B/zh
Application filed by 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 filed Critical 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
Priority to RU2017108865A priority Critical patent/RU2649284C1/ru
Priority to TR2017/04151A priority patent/TR201704151T1/tr
Publication of WO2016091046A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016091046A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
    • B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C17/00—Arrangement or disposition of parts; Details or accessories not otherwise provided for; Use of control gear and control systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rail vehicle, in particular to a wind-proof and high-speed rail vehicle suitable for operating in an alpine and high wind-blown region, and belongs to the technical field of rail vehicle manufacturing.
  • the existing EMUs cannot meet the above operational requirements.
  • the main problem is that the external coating of the existing vehicle body, the external coating of the bogie, the equipment cabin floor, the window glass, etc. have weak anti-impact performance;
  • the ventilation and cooling performance of the equipment is poor.
  • the traction transformer, traction converter, traction motor, auxiliary power supply, air compressor, etc. are blocked by the wind and sand, resulting in poor cooling and high temperature alarm.
  • the equipment compartment is not sealed and the vehicle is running at high speed due to the operation.
  • the generated negative pressure adsorbs a large amount of dust, which not only increases the traction energy consumption, but also causes the axle load to increase, and there is a safety hazard of overweight; the air conditioning work often fails, the wind and sand block the air conditioning condensing filter to cause high temperature alarm, the fresh air filter sand filter The effect is poor, resulting in a decline in the quality of the fresh air in the passenger compartment.
  • the existing EMUs operate in the sandy and desert areas, they will frequently report to the police during operation, resulting in failures such as outages and rescues, which seriously affect the operational order and driving safety.
  • the existing EMUs have raised the technical challenges of high cold, wind and sand, high temperature, high altitude, strong wind, strong ultraviolet light and long distance transportation.
  • the main object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to provide a sand-proof high-speed rail vehicle suitable for operation in an alpine and high wind-blown region.
  • a sand-proof high-speed rail vehicle comprising a vehicle body, a bogie, an equipment compartment, a pantograph and a ceiling-mounted air conditioning unit, the vehicle body being composed of a roof, a side wall, an end wall and a bottom frame, the bogie including The frame, traction drive system, brake system, suspension system, wheelset and axlebox are characterized by:
  • the equipment compartment is composed of a skirt, a bottom plate and a skeleton on both sides, the skeleton is fixedly mounted on a chassis of the vehicle body, the bottom plate is connected with the skeleton, a bottom of the skirt and the skeleton Connecting, the upper part of the skirt is connected with the body of the vehicle, and the joint between the skirt, the bottom plate, the skeleton and the vehicle body is sealed;
  • the coating structure of the side wall comprises a wall primer layer, a wall putty layer, a wall paint layer, a wall paint layer and a wall varnish layer;
  • the roof top coating structure comprises a top primer layer and a top middle coat layer.
  • the coating structure of the chassis comprises a chassis primer layer and a chassis topcoat layer;
  • the bogie and the equipment compartment coating structure comprise a primer layer, Rack finish and varnish layer;
  • the spray devices being connected to a supply air supply via a supply air line, the plurality of sets of said injection devices being used for orbiting the brake system and/or the front of the wheel Spray compressed air.
  • a heating means for heating the required compressed air for spraying is connected in series to the air supply line.
  • the front and rear ends are inclined from the bottom to the top in the direction of the bogie.
  • the bottom profile of the skirt is connected to the skeleton by a long hinge, and a plurality of safety slings for supporting the skirt are connected between the skirt and the vehicle body.
  • the overhead air conditioning unit includes a housing, and a side cover panel is mounted on an outer side of the housing, and an air supply opening, a return air opening and a fresh air chamber opening are opened on the housing, and the side cover plate is There is a fresh air inlet, which has been installed at the fresh air inlet, the fresh air chamber opening and the return air outlet respectively. Filter device.
  • a first air inlet and a first air outlet are opened on the skirt, and a centralized air supply device is installed in the equipment cabin, and an air inlet of the centralized air supply device passes through the air inlet duct and the air inlet duct
  • the first air inlet is connected to the skirt, and the air outlet of the centralized air supply device is in communication with the equipment compartment for blowing air to equipment in the equipment cabin.
  • the wall primer, the wall putty, the wall paint, the wall paint and the wall varnish of the side wall are respectively an epoxy primer, an unsaturated polyester putty, a polyurethane paint, a polyurethane top coat and a polyurethane varnish.
  • the top, top, top and top varnishes of the roof are respectively an epoxy primer, a polyurethane paint, a polyurethane top coat and a polyurethane varnish;
  • the topcoats are an epoxy primer and a polyurethane topcoat;
  • the bogie, the topcoat and the varnish of the bogie and the equipment compartment are respectively an epoxy primer, an epoxy elastic topcoat and a fluorocarbon varnish. .
  • a shroud protruding toward the bogie is disposed at each of the front and rear ends of the equipment bay floor in the running direction of the vehicle.
  • a baffle protruding from the skirt is disposed on each of the skirts at the front and rear ends of the bogie.
  • the wind-proof and high-speed rail vehicle analyzes the series of problems existing in the operation of the existing EMUs in the sandy and desert areas, systematically analyzes the causes of the problems, and proposes an optimized and improved scheme.
  • the new coating structure of the overhead air conditioning unit, the body and the bogie, the design of the equipment compartment sealing structure and the injection device for injecting compressed air into the braking system and the track optimize the overall sand control performance of each system of the EMU, so that Rail vehicles can meet the high temperature (-40 ° C ⁇ +40 ° C), sand, high altitude (3610 m), high wind (maximum wind speed 33 m / s), strong ultraviolet light (full year sunshine time more than 3000 hours, total radiation 139.5 Card), the requirements for operating in an environment with a long distance (more than 2,000 km).
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rail vehicle of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the equipment compartment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the installation structure of the equipment cabin skirt of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view 1 of the air supply system of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view 2 of the air supply system of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of an air conditioning unit of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the installation structure of the shroud of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the shroud of the present invention.
  • the invention provides a wind-proof and high-speed rail vehicle, which comprises a vehicle body 1 , a bogie 2 , an equipment compartment 3 , and an overhead air conditioning unit 4 .
  • the vehicle body 1 is composed of an end wall 5, a side wall 6, a roof 7 and a chassis 8.
  • the bogie 2 includes a frame, a traction drive system, a brake system, a suspension system, a wheelset and an axle box, etc., and the traction drive system includes traction. Motor, gear box and other components, the brake system includes brake clamps and brake discs, etc.
  • the overhead air conditioning unit 4 sends the treated air into the passenger compartment through the air supply duct to adjust the temperature and humidity of the passenger compartment, and at the same time The exhaust gas is discharged outside the vehicle.
  • the equipment compartment 3 installed equipment such as transformers and converters.
  • the equipment compartment 3 is composed of a skirt 9, a bottom plate 10 and a skeleton 11 on both sides of the vehicle body, and the skeleton 11 is fixed to the cross member of the vehicle body underframe 8 by bolts, and the bottom plate 10 is around the bogie 2.
  • the upward depression provides space for the bogie 2.
  • the installation compartment 3 is a sealed structure as a whole, and the joint between the skirt 9 , the bottom plate 10 , the skeleton 11 and the vehicle body 1 is provided with a sealing strip for sealing connection to avoid ice, snow and sand in the environment. Enter the equipment compartment 3 to ensure that the equipment can operate normally for a long time in harsh environments.
  • the front and rear ends thereof are inclined from the bottom to the top of the bogie 2, and then through the arc transition or through a gusset transition, which can improve the flow distribution of the airflow after entering the bogie 2.
  • the sloping bottom plate 10 introduces the airflow obliquely upwards above the bogie 2 to facilitate air flow and reduce air resistance.
  • a sealing strip is attached to the periphery of the skirt 9.
  • the skirt 9 is opened downwardly, and the bottom profile of the skirt 9 and the skeleton 11 are folded.
  • Page 13 is connected.
  • a plurality of safety slings 14 are connected between the skirt 9 and the side sill of the vehicle body 1 to support the skirt 9 when the skirt 9 is in the open state.
  • two elastic cam locks and a safety latch are fixedly connected, and two elastic cam locks are mounted on both sides of the safety latch, and the two elastics are turned.
  • the tongue lock fixes the skirt 9 by rotating and tightening, and the key is needed for closing and opening.
  • the safety latch has a elastic locking tongue. When the button is closed, no key is needed, and the key is needed to open the above three locks with the four-corner key.
  • the skirt 9 is turned over and turned on, and the open state is supported by the safety harness 14.
  • the bottom plate 10 is formed by splicing a plurality of pieces, and the edges of each block are provided with a sealing strip to ensure the sealing of the bottom plate 10 after splicing.
  • the bottom plate 10 and the skeleton 11 are connected by a slide structure, and a slide rail is arranged on the skeleton 11.
  • the structure of the bottom plate 10 is mainly composed of an aluminum alloy profile and a slider welded at both ends of the profile, and the slider slides in the slide to realize the bottom plate 10
  • the drawing is carried out, and a layer of sealing strip is adhered to the inner wall of the chute to achieve a sealed connection between the bottom plate 10 and the skeleton 11.
  • the plug structure improves the interchangeability of the bottom plate 10 of the equipment compartment 3, is more favorable for the overall sealing of the equipment compartment 3, further avoids the possibility of sand entering the equipment compartment 3, and is more convenient for inspection and installation, reducing existing
  • the bolt-mounted floor structure is cumbersome due to the removal of bolts during the overhaul process, which greatly improves the workmanship. Efficiency.
  • a first air inlet 15 and a first air outlet 16 are opened on the skirt 9, and one or two centralized air supply devices 17 are installed in the equipment compartment 3, and two centralized air supply devices 17 are provided.
  • the diagonal is installed in the equipment compartment 3.
  • the centralized air supply device 17 includes a box body, and an air inlet and at least one air outlet are opened on the side wall of the box body, and an axial fan and a dust removing fan are installed in the box body, and the air inlet of the centralized air supply device 17 passes through
  • the air duct 18 is sealingly connected with the first air inlet 15 on the skirt 9 to ensure that all the outdoor air entering from the first air inlet 15 enters the centralized air supply device 17, and the air outlet and the equipment compartment of the centralized air supply device 17
  • the 3 communication is used to blow the device in the equipment compartment 3, and the filtering device is disposed at the first air inlet 15, the air inlet and the air outlet of the centralized air supply device 17.
  • a dust collecting chamber is installed at the bottom of the air inlet filter device, a sand discharging port is arranged at the bottom of the box body, and a dust removing fan is arranged between the dust collecting port of the dust collecting chamber and the sand discharging port.
  • the filtered air enters the equipment compartment 3 from the exhaust vent of the centralized air supply unit 17, flows through the various equipment in the equipment compartment 3, and is finally discharged from the first air outlet 16 on the skirt 9 in the equipment compartment 3.
  • an independent air supply system is provided on the bogie 2, and the air supply system is provided by the air supply source 19, the air supply line 20, and the plurality of injection devices 21.
  • the supply air source 19 is connected to the plurality of sets of injection devices 21, 22 through the supply air line 20, and the supply air source 19 is used to supply high pressure compressed air to the plurality of sets of injection devices 21, 22, and the plurality of sets of injection devices 21 22 is respectively mounted on the underframe 8 or the bogie 2 of the vehicle body, and the air supply duct 20 is fixed to the underframe 8 or the bogie 2 by a pipe clamp or the like, and the plurality of sets of injection devices 21 and 22 are respectively used for braking
  • the brake caliper 23 and the brake disc 24 in the system and the compressed air are blown toward the track in front of the wheel 25.
  • the supply air source 19 is a separately provided supply air cylinder, and the supply air cylinder is fixedly mounted on the vehicle body chassis Upper or on the frame 26 of the bogie 2.
  • the specifications of the air supply air cylinder are determined according to the required air pressure and air volume.
  • One air supply air cylinder can be provided for each train, or one air supply air cylinder can be provided for each car, or one air supply air cylinder can be provided for one car.
  • the air supply source 19 can also directly use the air cylinder originally configured on the vehicle, such as a total air cylinder, a brake air cylinder, a secondary air cylinder, etc., and the air supply duct 20 is taken out from these air cylinders.
  • a plurality of injection devices 21, 22 are connected.
  • a plurality of injection devices 21 are also provided in front of the front two wheels 25, and the injection device 21 is for injecting high-speed compressed air to the rail surface in front of the wheel 25, at the front of the wheel 25.
  • the air curtain is formed on the surface, and the high-speed compressed air is used to remove all the dust, snow and other foreign objects on the track, thereby reducing the rolling contact fatigue of the wheel 25, increasing the service life of the wheel and the track, and ensuring the safe operation of the vehicle.
  • Rail vehicles are more suitable for operation in alpine and high wind areas.
  • the spraying device 21 is composed of a nozzle 27 and an air outlet plate 28 disposed at the nozzle of the nozzle 27.
  • the nozzle 27 is connected to the air supply pipe 20 by flange or directly welded together, and the nozzle 27 can be fixedly installed as needed.
  • At the bottom of the axle housing 29 of the bogie it can also be mounted on the undercarriage 8 or frame 26 to facilitate directing the end of the nozzle 27 directly in front of the wheel 25 without consuming the space under the vehicle.
  • the air outlet plate 28 is welded or bolted to the nozzle of the nozzle 27 for convenient maintenance.
  • One or more air outlet holes are arranged on the air outlet plate 28, and need to cooperate with the air pressure and air volume required for the fault removal. For example, one row or two rows are arranged, and multiple rows are arranged in each row to ensure 5kg/m 3 at all times. The air pressure does not weaken after being ejected from the air outlet hole, which affects the obstacle discharge effect.
  • the end pipe of the nozzle 27 is led to the front of the wheel 25 and is inclined, or as shown in Fig. 4, the air outlet 28 is inclined so that the high pressure gas is inclined toward the vehicle running direction toward the wheel 25
  • the surface of the track in front which can increase the contact area when the gas is injected into the track to ensure the effect of gas jetting.
  • a baffle 30 for preventing airflow interference is provided in front of the front end portion of the nozzle 27 (i.e., on the windward side of the vehicle running direction) to allow airflow during operation. Does not affect the injection of high pressure airflow.
  • the baffle 30 is a sloping plate that is inclined forwardly, and may be a flat plate that is vertically disposed downward, or an L-shaped structure that is bent downward, or the like, and may also be a structure of the cover body, and the width of the baffle 30 is slightly larger than the nozzle 27
  • the width of the baffle 30 and the outer wall of the nozzle 27 are fixedly connected by screws, and the bottom edge thereof is lower than the nozzle position of the nozzle 27, but has a certain height from the rail surface to avoid contact with the rail surface.
  • the baffle 30 blocks the airflow generated during the operation of the vehicle, and ensures that the high-pressure gas ejected from the injection device 21 can be directly sprayed to the track without interference, thereby ensuring the obstacle-discharging effect.
  • a heating device 31 for heating the air in the air supply duct 20 is further connected in series to the air supply duct 20, and the compressed air is heated before the compressed air is ejected.
  • the high temperature gas is used to evaporate the rainwater on the track, and the snow and ice are melted and evaporated, thereby drying the rail surface, improving the friction coefficient between the wheel 25 and the rail, and ensuring the safe operation of the vehicle.
  • the injection device 22 is respectively disposed at each position of the brake caliper 23 and the brake disk 24 of the corresponding bogie 2, and the injection device 22 adopts a nozzle with a long injection distance and a high speed, and the nozzles are separately made.
  • the movable clamp 23 and the brake disc 24 blow compressed air at a high rate, and the control device can control the injection device 22 to intermittently purge the brake clamp 23 and the brake disc 24, and blow off the high-speed compressed air.
  • Ice, snow, dust or other dirt deposited on the brake caliper 23 and the brake disc 24 may also be blown to the brake caliper 23 and the brake disc 24 by the heated high temperature air, to the brake caliper 23 And the brake disc 24 acts to melt snow and dry, to some extent, to slow down or relieve the brake clamp, to suppress the formation of ice film on the surface of the brake disc, reduce the abnormal wear of the brake disc, and ensure that the rail vehicle is in the cold And the safety or reliability of operations in high-wind areas.
  • a control switch 12 is installed in the driver's cab, and the driver selects an operation according to weather conditions, such as turning on the air blowing mode, or turning on the heating mode, etc.
  • the control switch 12 is connected to the controller and the control valve, and each supply air cylinder is equipped with a control valve, the whole train All control valves are controlled by a single controller.
  • the controller is used to simultaneously control the opening and closing of the control valves of different cars according to the instruction, and at the same time, the opening degree of the control valve can be adjusted to adjust the wind pressure of the air outlet of the air supply air cylinder, thereby simultaneously controlling the injection device 21, 22 blow out the air volume and wind speed of the compressed air.
  • the overhead air conditioning unit 4 includes a housing 32 that is fixed to the top of the vehicle body by a mounting seat. Inside the casing 32, it is divided into an evaporation chamber 33, a condensation chamber 34, a fresh air chamber 35, and a waste chamber 36.
  • the evaporator, the indoor fan, and the like are installed in the evaporation chamber 33, and the condenser, the condenser fan, the compressor, and the like are installed.
  • a condensation air outlet 37 is opened in the upper part of the condensation fan, and two condensers are respectively installed on both sides of the condensation fan, and an indoor air supply port for blowing air into the vehicle compartment is opened on the casing of the evaporation chamber 33 and used.
  • the indoor return air enters the indoor air return port of the air conditioning unit, and a fresh air fan is arranged in the fresh air chamber 35.
  • the fresh air chamber 35 communicates with the evaporation chamber 33 through the passage. Under the action of the fresh air fan, the fresh air outside the vehicle enters the fresh air chamber 35, and then passes through The passage enters the evaporation chamber 33 and mixes with the indoor return air. After being exchanged with the evaporator, the passage is sent into the cabin through the indoor air supply port to cool the interior of the cabin.
  • a waste discharge port is opened in the casing of the waste discharge chamber 36, a waste discharge port is opened on the bottom surface of the waste discharge chamber 36, and a waste exhaust fan is disposed in the waste discharge chamber 36, and the exhaust gas in the passenger compartment is in the waste exhaust fan. Under the action, it enters the waste discharge chamber 36 through the waste discharge inlet.
  • a side cover plate 38 is fixedly mounted on both sides of the housing 32.
  • the side cover plate 38 is disposed long along the length of the housing 32.
  • a waste exhaust port 39, a fresh air inlet 40, and a condensing air inlet are formed in the side cover plate 38. 41.
  • the fresh air inlet 40 and the waste exhaust port 39 are oppositely disposed on the two side cover plates 38.
  • the fresh air outside the vehicle enters the fresh air intake space from the fresh air inlet 40 on one side side cover plate 38 under the action of the fresh air fan, and then enters the fresh air chamber through the fresh air chamber opening on the casing 32, and the fresh air passes through the passage to evaporate.
  • the chamber 33 is mixed with the indoor return air, and the exhaust gas in the vehicle compartment enters the waste discharge chamber 36 through the waste discharge inlet under the action of the waste exhaust fan, and is discharged out of the vehicle through the waste discharge chamber opening on the casing 32 and the waste discharge air outlet 39.
  • a sand shielding grille is disposed at the condensing air inlet 41 and the waste exhaust air outlet 39, and a first filtering device is disposed at the fresh air inlet 40.
  • the first filtering device includes a frame and a mechanical labyrinth filter, and the mechanical labyrinth filter is externally included
  • the dust air is subjected to primary filtration to effectively filter the large radius particles
  • a second filtering device is arranged at the opening of the fresh air chamber on the casing of the fresh air chamber 35
  • a third filtering device is arranged at the return air outlet.
  • the second filtering device and the third filtering device adopt a non-woven filter screen with high filtering precision, the second filtering device performs secondary filtering on fresh air with a small amount of floating ash, and the third filtering device further enters a part of the floating dust. filter.
  • Adopt this multi-level filtering method Effective sand filtration and sand discharge not only ensure the air quality in the cabin, but also have a long filter replacement cycle and reduce maintenance costs.
  • coatings having sand-resistant properties are sprayed on the vehicle body 1, the bogie 2, and the equipment compartment 3.
  • the coating structure of the side wall 6 comprises a wall primer layer, a wall putty layer, a wall paint layer, a wall paint layer and a wall varnish layer.
  • the wall primer layer is used as the first layer of the side wall coating system, and is directly connected with the substrate of the side wall 6.
  • the adhesion between the layers and the anti-corrosion ability of the wall directly affect the quality of the entire coating system, so the primer The choice focuses on adhesion, chemical resistance, corrosion resistance, and the like.
  • the wall primer is selected from an epoxy primer, preferably a room temperature dry epoxy primer, which ensures a strong permeability and adhesion to the surface of the substrate on the basis of reducing the drying energy consumption.
  • the thickness of the wall primer layer is 50 ⁇ m or more, preferably 60 ⁇ m.
  • the molecular structure is tight due to the stable structure of the benzene ring and the ether bond in the molecular structure, so that it has good stability against chemical corrosion and excellent mechanical strength, such as hard and resistant.
  • the wall putty is applied on the wall paint layer, and the wall putty is used to remove the surface of the object to be coated. Uneven defects, the putty is prepared by using a small amount of paint base, a large amount of filler and a proper amount of coloring pigments, which can fill a partially concave working surface, or can be scraped off on all surfaces, and applied to the wall after the wall paint layer is dried.
  • the surface of the primer layer is made of unsaturated polyester putty, preferably elastic lightweight unsaturated polyester putty, and the thickness thereof is preferably 3 mm.
  • the elastic light-weight unsaturated polyester putty of the molecular microspheres uses the air in the microspheres to cushion the air cushion, imparts flexibility and low density which cannot be achieved by the conventional unsaturated polyester putty, and increases the surface strength of the coating and the durability of the coating. Sexuality, improve the permeability resistance of the coating.
  • the painted layer in the wall is the last coating before the wall paint is sprayed, which helps to improve the smoothness and smoothness of the surface of the coated object, and closes the defects of the wall putty layer to improve the vividness and fullness of the wall paint layer. Degree, improve decorative, increase film thickness and water resistance.
  • the paint in the wall is painted in a polyurethane, preferably in an acrylic polyurethane paint, and the dry film thickness in the acrylic polyurethane is 30 ⁇ m or more, preferably 40 ⁇ m.
  • Acrylic polyurethane paint can meet the requirements of film thickness and permeability resistance, and can close the wall putty layer defects, have good hiding power, and ensure excellent adhesion of wall putty layer and wall paint layer.
  • the top coat paint not only has good color and brightness, but also requires good anti-pollution and anti-aging. It is resistant to acid and alkali, salt spray, moisture and mildew. It also requires convenient construction, fast drying of coating film, good gloss and color retention, good air permeability, etc. In short, it has the functions of decoration and protection, such as Color, luster, texture, etc., also need to face the resistance of harsh environments.
  • the wall paint is selected from a polyurethane top coat, preferably an aliphatic acrylic polyurethane top coat, and the aliphatic acrylic polyurethane top coat has a dry film thickness of 60 ⁇ m or more, preferably 60 ⁇ m.
  • the wall paint layer is made of aliphatic compound, which has better aging resistance, water resistance and chemical resistance.
  • the aliphatic polyurethane top coat has good low-temperature film-forming property and high hardness. It has the advantages of good flexibility and good adhesion. Its excellent weather resistance and yellowing resistance are ideal for topcoat coatings.
  • the wall varnish layer is a pigment-free transparent or light yellow coating. It is the final coating of the coating.
  • the varnish layer does not require the addition of surface gloss and aging resistance. More importantly, it improves the coating system. Wear resistance and impact resistance. Conventional polyurethane coatings have poor water resistance and mechanical properties due to the presence of a certain amount of hydrophilic groups.
  • the wall varnish layer is selected from a polyurethane varnish, preferably an abrasion-resistant acrylic urethane varnish having a dry film thickness of 40 ⁇ m or more, preferably 40 ⁇ m.
  • the molar ratio of the isocyanate group to the hydroxyl group is appropriately increased in the formulation design of the wall varnish layer, and an inorganic filler such as alumina or silica is added at the same time, and
  • the total addition amount of the anti-abrasion aid is between 4% and 8%, which makes it have excellent wear resistance, impact resistance, water resistance, and mutual flexibility and hardness, which can reduce repeated impact and abrasion of sand and stone. The resulting coating is broken.
  • the coating structure of the side wall 6 is made of various coatings with good flexibility to form an elastic coating system, and the impact of the external sandstone is buffered by the recoverable deformation of the system. Under the cooperation of the aliphatic acrylic polyurethane topcoat layer and the wear-resistant acrylic polyurethane varnish layer, the aging resistance of the side wall coating system can reach 3,000 hours, far exceeding 1000 hours of conventional coatings.
  • the coating structure of the side wall 6 has good interlayer adhesion, and even if the coating is damaged, the cohesion of the entire coating system can be maintained, and the damage is prevented from being expanded, thereby greatly improving the sand-resistant ability of the side wall and satisfying the track. The requirements for the operation of vehicles in high-wind areas.
  • the coating structure of the side wall 6 has excellent sand-resistance performance and excellent low-temperature resistance, and each coating can meet the requirements of use in a very low temperature environment of -40 ° C, so that the rail vehicle can be in high wind sand.
  • Regional operations can also be operated in alpine regions, and because of the good aging resistance of the coating structure, rail vehicles are also suitable for operation in high UV areas.
  • the coating structure of the roof 7 comprises a top primer layer, a top middle lacquer layer, a top lacquer layer and a top varnish layer, wherein the top primer layer is an epoxy primer, preferably a room temperature epoxy primer, and a thickness It is 50 ⁇ m or more, preferably 60 ⁇ m; the top middle paint layer is painted in polyurethane, preferably in acrylic polyurethane, and the thickness is 30 ⁇ m or more, preferably 40 ⁇ m; the top paint layer is made of polyurethane top coat, preferably aliphatic acrylic The polyurethane topcoat has a thickness of 60 ⁇ m or more, preferably 60 ⁇ m; the top varnish layer is a polyurethane varnish, preferably an abrasion-resistant acrylic urethane varnish having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m or more, preferably 40 ⁇ m.
  • the selection principle of the coating structure of the roof 7 is the same as that of the side wall 6 to improve the sand-resistant ability, low temperature resistance and ultraviolet resistance of the roof 7.
  • the coating structure of the chassis 8 includes only the chassis primer and the chassis topcoat, wherein the chassis primer is selected from the ring.
  • the oxygen primer is preferably a normal temperature epoxy primer having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m or more, preferably 60 ⁇ m, and a primer topcoat selected from a polyurethane topcoat, preferably an aliphatic acrylic polyurethane topcoat having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m or more, preferably 60 ⁇ m.
  • the coating structure of the bogie 2 includes a primer layer, a top coat layer and a varnish layer, and the coating layer
  • the structure is sprayed on the frame of the bogie 2, bolts, steel springs and the like.
  • the outer surface of the equipment compartment 3 is also subjected to spraying treatment, and the coating structure of the equipment compartment 3 is selected and the bogie 2 is selected.
  • the coating structure is the same.
  • the primer layer is selected from an epoxy primer having excellent adhesion, and the dry film thickness of the two-component epoxy primer is 60 ⁇ m or more, preferably 60 ⁇ m, and epoxy resin is used as a main film-forming substance for the primer layer.
  • epoxy resin is used as a main film-forming substance for the primer layer.
  • polar groups such as hydroxyl groups and ether bonds ensures good adhesion to the substrate.
  • the top coat layer is made of epoxy elastic top coat with good flexibility.
  • the two-component thickness epoxy elastic top coat has a dry film thickness of 100-200 ⁇ m, preferably 150 ⁇ m.
  • the molecular structure is designed by epoxy resin and its curing agent. Control the number of active hydrogens participating in the curing reaction, and partially replace the hydrogen atoms in the amine molecules with other chemical reactive groups, that is, partially terminate the number of active hydrogen atoms on the curing agent to control the crosslinking density of the epoxy resin and increase the curing.
  • the product acquires sufficient deformability to improve the flexibility of the epoxy topcoat and to provide sufficient deformability of the coating structure of the chassis and bogie.
  • the varnish layer is made of a self-cleaning, low surface energy fluorocarbon varnish, and the two-component fluorocarbon varnish has a dry film thickness of 40-60 ⁇ m, preferably 50 ⁇ m.
  • the varnish layer adopts a unique structure of fluorocarbon resin, and its fluorine atom is spirally distributed along the carbon chain.
  • the high bond energy CF bond completely protects the CC bond, so that the polymer has better UV resistance;
  • the coating structure of the bogie 2 has excellent sand-resistance performance, and also has excellent low-temperature resistance, and has good flexibility and interlayer adhesion after experiencing low temperature environment, and has self-cleaning and low surface energy.
  • the fluorocarbon varnish layer can reduce the accumulation of ice and snow, and can easily remove the ice layer by ordinary tapping, etc., so that the rail vehicle can operate in the high and cold regions at -40 °C in addition to operating in the high wind and sand area.
  • a baffle 42 is further disposed at the bogie, and the shroud 42 is installed at the bottom of the front and rear ends of the equipment cabin floor 10, and the shroud 42 is directed to the bogie 2
  • the direction is convex, and a mounting seat 43 is welded and fixed on the bottom plate 10, and the air guiding cover 42 passes through a plurality of bolts 44. It is fixed on the mounting seat 43, and it is very convenient to install and disassemble, and it is not limited by the installation space of the bogie 2, and can be modified on the basis of the existing car. In this way, the airflow at the bottom of the vehicle is blocked by the shroud 42.
  • the shroud 42 Before entering the bogie 2, the shroud 42 needs to be bypassed, which not only changes the direction of the local airflow, but also cooperates with the inclined end plate 5, which is more favorable for the flow of the airflow. Moreover, the shroud 42 relatively reduces the gap area between the bottom plate 10 and the bogie 2, and greatly reduces the amount of airflow entering the airflow portion of the bogie 2, and the snow, dust, and the like contained in the airflow are also followed. Significantly reduced, the shroud 42 itself also blocked part of the snow, sand and dust into the bogie 2, to maximize the role of snow and sand.
  • a shroud 42 is provided on the bottom plate 10 at both front and rear ends in order to meet the requirements of different running directions of the vehicle.
  • the shroud 42 is disposed long along the width direction of the vehicle body, and the length of the shroud 42 is equal to or greater than the wheel pitch of the two wheels 25 on the bogie 2, thereby ensuring that the snow is minimized.
  • the vertical section of the shroud 42 is designed to be triangular, and the bottom edge of the shroud 42 is horizontally or slightly inclined downward to better block the airflow.
  • the angle of the front end angle ⁇ of the shroud 42 is preferably 60°, and the front end angle ⁇ is transitioned by an arc.
  • the height H of the shroud 42 in the vertical direction is 200 to 220 mm, and the width L is 2400 mm.
  • the front end of the shroud 42 The minimum distance from the edge of the wheel 25 is 160 mm, avoiding contact between the shroud 42 and the wheel 25 during operation, and reducing the area of the bottom opening of the bogie portion, thereby reducing the amount of snow entering from the opening.
  • the shroud 42 can be made of solid or hollow metal.
  • the shroud 42 preferably adopts a closed capsule structure made of a rubber material, rubber.
  • the hardness is moderate, so that when the airflow flows through the shroud 42, the rubber-made shroud 42 continuously shakes under the action of the airflow, further preventing the deposition of snow, sand, and the like, and achieving the purpose of preventing snow and sand.
  • the use of a capsule-shaped structure can also reduce the weight of the shroud 42 and meet the requirements for weight reduction.
  • Two mounts 43 are disposed above and below, and the mount 43 is a sandwich structure. The upper and lower sides of the shroud 42 are inserted into the interlayer of the mount 43 and fastened by bolts 44.
  • the skirt plates 9 at the front and rear ends of the bogie 2 are respectively provided with a deflector 45 protruding from the skirt plate 9, and the deflector 45 is substantially elongated in the vertical direction.
  • the closed box-shaped structure extends in the vertical direction, and the vertical height of the deflector 45 covers the bogie 2
  • the gap of the apron 9 at the position minimizes the entry of snow and sand into the bogie 2.
  • the horizontal section of the deflector 45 is a hollow hat-shaped structure, and both sides and the top of the hat shape are circular arc transitions, which are basically composed of three arcs.
  • the deflector 45 is made of metal such as stainless steel to ensure sufficient strength and rigidity.
  • the deflector 45 is directly welded to the skirt 9 by welding, or can be fixed to the skirt 9 by bolts.
  • a hard silicone rubber insulator is used, and at the same time, to avoid the influence of high altitude, the height of the insulator is increased from 400 mm to 460 mm.
  • the underframe of the pantograph adopts carbon steel material, on the basis of the original shot blasting and rust removal, the pickling phosphating process is increased, and the pickling passivation process is added for the aluminum parts. To remove surface oil and increase coating adhesion.
  • a common grounding system is adopted, and the common grounding system is composed of a grounding device and an equipotential bonding network, and the grounding device is connected with the total equipotential grounding terminal plate, and is led to the equipotential grounding terminal of the vehicle body through the grounding trunk line.
  • a board such as an equipotential ground terminal block for a power distribution cabinet.
  • the body is connected to an external lightning protection device (high-voltage equipment box arrester, roof arrester), installed equipment, various electrical conductors, power supply and communication equipment in the protected space.
  • An equipotential bonding line is also connected between the adjacent motor car and the middle two trailers to ensure the equipotential of the vehicle body.
  • a lightning arrester is added to the roof, and the grounding point of the arrester is directly connected to the vehicle body to protect the lightning overvoltage transmitted from the contact net or the pantograph to ensure that the roof high-voltage system components work within the tolerance range.
  • the first Lightning protection and surge protector SPD protection In order to prevent the surge voltage caused by the inductive lightning from invading the circuit inside the vehicle, causing equipment damage or causing fire, when GPS, GSM, FM antenna, coaxial cable, AC400V power supply, DC100V power supply, and train network cable enter the vehicle, the first Lightning protection and surge protector SPD protection, then advance Enter the appropriate device.
  • a vehicle grounding system based on high-frequency decoupling resistors for protection grounding and working ground isolation.
  • the high-frequency low-sensing grounding resistance can reduce the rise of the vehicle body potential, thereby reducing the impact of the floating body potential fluctuation on the low-voltage system.

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Abstract

一种防风沙高速轨道车辆，包括车体（1）、转向架（2）、设备舱（3）、受电弓及顶置式空调机组（4），设备舱（3）的裙板(9)、底板（10）、骨架（11）及车体（1）之间的连接处均为密封连接，车体（1）、转向架（2）、设备舱（3）及受电弓的外表面均涂有防风沙的涂层，在转向架（2）上还安装有多组喷射装置（21），喷射装置（21）通过供风管路（20）与供风风源（19）连接，多组喷射装置（21）用于向制动系统和/或车轮前方的轨道喷射压缩空气。通过分析既有动车组在多沙、沙漠地区运行存在的系列问题，系统分析问题产生的原因，提出优化改进的方案，对动车组各系统整体防沙性能进行优化提升，使轨道车辆可以满足在高寒高温、高风沙的环境中运营的要求。

Description

防风沙高速轨道车辆
本申请要求于2014年12月09日提交中国专利局、申请号为201410747554.8、发明名称为“防风沙高速轨道车辆”，以及要求于2014年12月09日提交中国专利局、申请号为201420769613.7、发明名称为“防风沙高速轨道车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种轨道车辆，特别涉及一种适于在高寒、高风沙地区运营的防风沙高速轨道车辆，属于轨道车辆制造技术领域。
背景技术
既有的动车组等高速轨道车辆不能适应在多沙地区、沙漠地区运营，如国内的兰新快线，国外的沙特、美国沙漠快线等。兰新快线运行环境恶劣，其全年超过30℃以上有100多天，超过40℃有40多天，历史最高气温49.6℃。线路最高海拔达3610米。全年日照时间3000小时以上，辐射总量139.5卡，紫外线辐射严重，而且沿线基本为戈壁地貌，多沙尘。
既有的动车组无法满足上述运营需求，存在的主要问题在于，现有车辆的车体外部涂装、转向架外部涂装、设备舱底板、车窗玻璃等的抗击打性能较弱；车辆动力设备通风冷却性能较差，牵引变压器、牵引变流器、牵引电机、辅助电源、空压机等由于风沙堵塞滤网，导致冷却不良，高温报警；设备舱非密封结构，运行中由于车辆高速运行产生的负压吸附大量沙尘，既导致牵引能耗增加，也会导致轴重增加，存在超重的安全隐患；空调工作经常出现故障，风沙堵塞空调冷凝滤网导致高温报警，新风滤网滤沙效果不良，导致客室新风质量下降。现有动车组在多沙、沙漠地区运营时，运行中会频繁报警，导致停运、救援等故障，严重影响运营秩序和行车安全。
针对兰新客运专线的特殊运用条件，对既有动车组提出了高寒、风沙、高温、高海拔、大风、强紫外线、长大距离运输七大大技术挑战。
发明内容
本发明主要目的在于解决上述问题，提供了一种适于在高寒、高风沙地区运营的防风沙高速轨道车辆。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：
一种防风沙高速轨道车辆,包括车体、转向架、设备舱、受电弓及顶置式空调机组，所述车体由车顶、侧墙、端墙及底架组成，所述转向架包括构架、牵引驱动系统、制动系统、悬挂系统、轮对及轴箱，其特征在于：
所述设备舱由两侧的裙板、底板及骨架组成，所述骨架固定安装在所述车体的底架上，所述底板与所述骨架连接，所述裙板的底部与所述骨架连接，所述裙板的上部与车所述体连接，所述裙板、底板、骨架及车体之间的连接处均为密封连接；
所述侧墙的涂层结构包括墙底漆层、墙腻子层、墙中涂漆层、墙面漆层和墙清漆层；所述车顶的涂层结构包括顶底漆层、顶中涂漆层、顶面漆层和顶清漆层；所述底架的涂层结构包括底架底漆层及底架面漆层；所述转向架和设备舱的涂层结构包括架底漆层、架面漆层及架清漆层；
在所述转向架上安装有多组喷射装置，所述喷射装置通过供风管路与供风风源连接，多组所述喷射装置用于向所述制动系统和/或车轮前方的轨道喷射压缩空气。
进一步，在所述供风管路上串接有用于加热喷射用所需压缩空气的加热装置。
进一步，围绕在所述转向架周围设置的设备舱底板，其前后两端自下至上向转向架方向倾斜。
进一步，所述裙板的底部型材与所述骨架之间通过通长的折页连接，所述裙板与所述车体之间连接有多根用于支撑所述裙板的安全吊带。
进一步，在所述裙板的上部与所述车体之间通过两把弹力转舌锁和一把安全碰锁固定连接。
进一步，所述顶置式空调机组包括壳体，在所述壳体的外侧安装有侧罩板，在所述壳体上开设有送风口、回风口及新风腔开口，在所述侧罩板上开设有新风入口，在所述新风入口、新风腔开口及回风口处分别安装过 滤装置。
进一步，在所述裙板上开设有第一进风口和第一出风口，在所述设备舱内安装有集中供风装置，所述集中供风装置的入风口通过进风风道与所述裙板上的所述第一进风口连通，所述集中供风装置的排风口与所述设备舱连通用于向所述设备舱内的设备吹风。
进一步，所述侧墙的墙底漆、墙腻子、墙中涂漆、墙面漆和墙清漆分别为环氧底漆、不饱和聚酯腻子、聚氨酯中涂漆、聚氨酯面漆和聚氨酯清漆，所述车顶的顶底漆、顶中涂漆、顶面漆和顶清漆分别为环氧底漆、聚氨酯中涂漆、聚氨酯面漆和聚氨酯清漆；所述底架的底架底漆和底架面漆分别为环氧底漆和聚氨酯面漆；所述转向架和所述设备舱的架底漆、架面漆和架清漆分别为环氧底漆、环氧弹性面漆和氟碳清漆。
进一步，在所述设备舱底板的沿车辆运行方向的前后两端各设置一个向所述转向架方向凸出的导流罩。
进一步，在所述转向架前后两端的裙板上各设置有一凸出于所述裙板的导流板。
综上内容，本发明所述的一种防风沙高速轨道车辆，通过分析既有动车组在多沙、沙漠地区运行存在的系列问题，系统分析问题产生的原因，提出优化改进的方案，通过采用顶置式空调机组、车体及转向架新的涂层结构、设备舱密封结构设计及设置向制动系统和轨道喷射压缩空气的喷射装置，对动车组各系统整体防沙性能进行优化提升，使轨道车辆可以满足在高寒高温(-40℃～+40℃)、风沙、高海拔(3610米)、大风(最大风速33m/s)、强紫外线(全年日照时间3000小时以上，辐射总量139.5卡)、长大距离(2000公里以上)的环境中运营的要求。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明轨道车辆结构示意图；
图2是本发明设备舱结构示意图；
图3是本发明设备舱裙板安装结构示意图；
图4是本发明供风系统结构示意图一；
图5是本发明供风系统结构示意图二；
图6是本发明空调机组结构示意图；
图7是本发明导流罩安装结构示意图；
图8是本发明导流罩断面结构示意图。
如图1至图8所示，车体1，转向架2，设备舱3，顶置式空调机组4，端墙5，侧墙6，车顶7，底架8，裙板9，底板10，骨架11，控制开关12,折页13，安全吊带14，第一进风口15，第一出风口16，集中供风装置17，进风风道18，供风风源19，供风管路20，喷射装置21、22，制动夹钳23，制动盘24，车轮25，构架26，喷管27，出风板28，轴箱体29，挡板30，加热装置31，壳体32，蒸发腔33，冷凝腔34，新风腔35，废排腔36，冷凝出风口37，侧罩板38，废排出风口39，新风入口40，冷凝进风口41，导流罩42，安装座43，螺栓44，导流板45。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述：
如图1所示，本发明提供的一种防风沙高速轨道车辆，包括车体1、转向架2、设备舱3、顶置式空调机组4。车体1由端墙5、侧墙6、车顶7及底架8组成，转向架2包括构架、牵引驱动系统、制动系统、悬挂系统、轮对及轴箱等，牵引驱动系统包括牵引电机、齿轮箱等部件，制动系统包括制动夹钳和制动盘等部件，顶置式空调机组4通过送风风道将处理后的空气送入客室内调节客室的温度和湿度，同时将废气排出车外。在设备舱 3内安装有变压器、变流器等设备。
如图2所示，设备舱3由位于车体两侧的裙板9、底板10和骨架11组成，骨架11通过螺栓固定在车体底架8的横梁上，底板10在转向架2的周围向上凹陷为转向架2留出空间。本实施例中，设置舱3整体为密封结构，其裙板9、底板10、骨架11及车体1之间的连接处均设置有密封胶条实现密封连接，以避免环境中的冰雪、风沙进入设备舱3内，保证设备在恶劣环境中能长时间正常运行。
围绕在转向架2周围设置的底板10，其前后两端自下至上向转向架2方向倾斜，再通过圆弧过渡或通过一折角板过渡，这样可以改善进入转向架2后的气流流场分布状态，倾斜底板10将气流斜向上引入转向架2的上方，利于空气流动，减少空气阻力。
如图3所示，本实施例中，在裙板9的四周粘贴有密封胶条，裙板9采用向下翻转打开的结构，裙板9的底部型材与骨架11之间通过通长的折页13连接。裙板9与车体1的下边梁之间连接有多根安全吊带14，以在裙板9处于打开状态时支撑裙板9。在裙板9的上部与车体1的下边梁之间通过两把弹力转舌锁和一把安全碰锁固定连接，两把弹力转舌锁安装在安全碰锁的两侧，两把弹力转舌锁通过旋转拉紧将裙板9固定，关闭和打开均需要钥匙，安全碰锁带弹力锁舌，关闭时不需要钥匙，打开需要钥匙，将上述3把锁用四角钥匙打开后，即可翻转打开裙板9，打开状态由安全吊带14支撑。
底板10由多块拼接而成，各块的边缘均设置有密封条，以保证底板10在拼接后实现密封。底板10与骨架11之间通过滑道结构连接，在骨架11上设置滑道，底板10的结构主要由铝合金型材及焊接在型材两端的滑块组成，滑块在滑道内滑动，实现底板10的抽拉，而且在滑道的内壁上粘贴一层密封胶条，实现底板10与骨架11之间的密封连接。该插接结构提高了设备舱3底板10的互换性，更有利于设备舱3的整体密封性，进一步避免了风沙进入设备舱3内的可能，且更便于检修和安装，减少了现有螺栓安装的底板结构在检修过程中因拆卸螺栓导致的繁琐，极大的提高了工 作效率。
如图2所示，在裙板9上开设有第一进风口15和第一出风口16，在设备舱3内安装有一个或两个集中供风装置17，两个集中供风装置17呈对角线安装在设备舱3内。集中供风装置17包括一个箱体，在箱体的侧壁上开设有入风口和至少一个排风口，在箱体内安装有轴流风机及除尘风机，集中供风装置17的入风口通过进风风道18与裙板9上的第一进风口15密封连接，保证从第一进风口15进入的室外空气全部进入集中供风装置17内，集中供风装置17的排风口与设备舱3连通用于向设备舱3内的设备吹风，在第一进风口15、集中供风装置17的入风口及排风口处均设置有过滤装置。
在入风口过滤装置的底部安装集尘腔，在箱体的底部设置排沙口，集尘腔的出尘口与排沙口之间设置除尘风机。
过滤后的空气从集中供风装置17的排风口进入设备舱3内，流经设备舱3内的各个设备，最后从裙板9上的第一出风口16排出，在设备舱3内自然形成强制空气流动循环，使洁净空气流经全部的设备，为各设备散热降温，内部流场均匀，不会产生死角现象，达到了理想的散热效果，避免密封设备舱3内局部温度偏高，有效解决了设备舱3内高温散热的问题，确保设备舱3内的各设备长时间正常工作，保障列车安全运行。同时，设备舱3内各用风设备进风均在设备舱3内摄取，通过控制轴流风机的压头和风量，保证设备舱3内微正压，大幅减少了沙尘进入设备舱3的途径。
如图4和图5所示，本实施例中，在转向架2上设置了一套独立的供风系统，供风系统由供风风源19、供风管路20、多组喷射装置21、22组成，供风风源19通过供风管路20与多组喷射装置21、22连接，供风风源19用于向多组喷射装置21、22提供高压压缩空气，多组喷射装置21、22分别安装在车体的底架8或转向架2上，供风管路20通过管夹等固定在底架8或转向架2上，多组喷射装置21、22用于分别向制动系统中的制动夹钳23和制动盘24及向车轮25前方的轨道吹出压缩空气。
供风风源19为单独设置的供风风缸，该供风风缸固定安装在车体底架 上或转向架2的构架26上。供风风缸的规格根据需要的空气压力和风量来确定，可以每列车配一个供风风缸，也可以每节车厢配一个供风风缸，也可以一节车厢配多个供风风缸，以分别向不同的喷射装置21、22供风。为了简化结构，降低车辆重量，供风风源19也可以直接使用车辆上原本配置的风缸，如总风缸、制动风缸、副风缸等，由这些风缸引出供风管路20连接多个喷射装置21、22。
如图4所示，在前面的两个车轮25的前方也分别设置一组喷射装置21，喷射装置21用于向车轮25前方的轨面喷射高速度的压缩空气，在车轮25前部的轨面上形成风幕，利用高速度压缩空气将轨道上的所有大小的沙尘、雪等异物全部排除干净，减少车轮25滚动接触疲劳源，增加车轮及轨道的使用寿命，保证车辆运行安全，使轨道车辆更加适合在高寒、高风沙地区运营。
喷射装置21由喷管27及设置在喷管27管口处的出风板28组成，喷管27与供风管路20通过法兰连接或直接焊接在一起，喷管27可以根据需要固定安装在转向架的轴箱体29的底部，还可以安装在底架8或构架26上，以利于将喷管27的端部引至车轮25的正前方，同时也不会占用车下的空间。出风板28焊接或通过螺栓固定在喷管27的管口处，方便日常维护。在出风板28上设置有一个或多个出风孔，需要与排障所需的空气压力和风量配合，如设置一排或两排，每排设置多个，以始终保证5kg/m3的空气压力在从出风孔喷出后不会减弱而影响排障效果。
喷管27的端部管口处引至车轮25的正前方，并且为倾斜设置，或者如图4所示，出风板28为倾斜设置，使得高压气体向车辆运行方向倾斜吹向车轮25正前方的轨道表面，这样可以增加气体喷射至轨道时的接触面积，以保证气体喷射排障的效果。
因为喷射装置21的喷射口距离轨道有一定距离，在车辆高速运行时，运行时产生的气流会对由喷射装置21喷出的高压气流产生影响，为了避免运行时产生的气流干扰，如图4所示，在喷管27前端部的前方(即车辆运行方向的迎风面上)设置一用于防止气流干扰的挡板30，使运行时的气流 不会影响高压气流的喷射。挡板30为向前倾斜的斜板，也可以为向下垂直设置的平板、或向下折弯的L形结构等，还可以是罩体的结构，挡板30的宽度略大于喷管27的宽度，挡板30的侧边与喷管27的外壁通过螺钉固定连接，其底边缘低于喷管27的管口位置，但距离轨面有一定高度，避免其与轨面碰触。挡板30阻挡车辆运行时产生的气流，保证喷射装置21喷出的高压气体能够不受干扰地直接喷向轨道，进而保证排障效果。
依靠高压气体进行排障，无磨耗件，也不会对轨道造成磨损，无需定期更换，便于维护，降低成本。而且能够清除轨道上更加微小的异物，减少车轮滚动接触疲劳源，增加车轮及轨道的使用寿命，特别适合在高风沙地区运营的轨道车辆。
本实施例中，在供风管路20上再串接一用于加热供风管路20内空气的加热装置31，在压缩空气喷出前，对压缩空气进行加热。利用高温气体使轨道上的雨水蒸发、及使雪、冰融化蒸发，进而干燥轨面，提高车轮25与轨道之间的摩擦系数，保证车辆运行安全。
如图5所示，在对应转向架2的每组制动夹钳23和制动盘24位置分别设置有喷射装置22，喷射装置22采用喷射距离远且速度快的喷嘴，由喷嘴分别向制动夹钳23和制动盘24以高速率吹出压缩空气，控制装置可以控制喷射装置22间歇性地对制动夹钳23和制动盘24进行吹扫动作，利用高速度的压缩空气吹落沉积在制动夹钳23和制动盘24上的冰雪、沙尘或其他污物，也可以利用加热后的高温空气吹向制动夹钳23和制动盘24，对制动夹钳23和制动盘24起到融雪和干燥的作用，在一定程度上减缓制动夹钳冻死或缓解不良，抑制制动盘表面冰膜的形成，降低制动盘异常磨耗，确保轨道车辆在高寒和高风沙地区运营的安全性或可靠性。
在司机室内安装有控制开关12，司机根据天气情况选择操作，如开启吹风模式，或开启加热模式等，控制开关12连接控制器和控制阀，每个供风风缸配备一个控制阀，整列车的所有控制阀均经过一个控制器统一控制。控制器用来根据指令同时控制不同车厢的控制阀的开闭，同时可以调节控制阀的开度，以调节供风风缸出风的风压，进而同时控制从喷射装置21、 22吹出压缩空气的风量和风速。
如图6所示，顶置式空调机组4包括壳体32，壳体32通过安装座固定在车体顶部。在壳体32的内部，分隔成蒸发腔33、冷凝腔34、新风腔35和废排腔36，蒸发器、室内风机等安装在蒸发腔33内，冷凝器、冷凝风机、压缩机等安装在冷凝腔34内，在冷凝风机上部开设冷凝出风口37，冷凝器为两个分别安装在冷凝风机的两侧，在蒸发腔33的壳体上开设有向车厢内送风的室内送风口和用于室内回风进入空调机组的室内回风口，新风腔35内设置新风风机，新风腔35通过通道与蒸发腔33连通，在新风风机的作用下，车外新鲜空气进入新风腔35内，再经过通道进入蒸发腔33内与室内回风混合，经与蒸发器换热后通过室内送风口送入车厢内，为车厢内降温。在废排腔36的壳体上开设废排口，在废排腔36的壳体的底面上开设废排进口，在废排腔36内设置废排风机，车厢内的废气在废排风机的作用下通过废排进口进入废排腔36。
在壳体32的两侧分别固定安装一个侧罩板38，侧罩板38沿壳体32的长度方向通长设置，在侧罩板38上开设废排出风口39、新风入口40和冷凝进风口41，新风入口40和废排出风口39则相对设置在两个侧罩板38上。车外的新鲜空气在新风风机的作用下，从一侧侧罩板38上的新风入口40进入新风进气空间，再通过壳体32上的新风腔开口进入新风腔，新鲜空气经过通道进入蒸发腔33内与室内回风混合，车厢内的废气在废排风机的作用下通过废排进口进入废排腔36，再通过壳体32上的废排腔开口及废排出风口39排出车外，
在冷凝进风口41和废排出风口39处设置挡沙格栅，在新风入口40处设置第一过滤装置，第一过滤装置包括一个框架和机械迷宫式过滤器，机械迷宫式过滤器对外部含尘空气进行一级过滤，对大半径颗粒进行有效过滤，新风腔35的壳体上的新风腔开口处设置第二过滤装置，在回风口处设置第三过滤装置。第二过滤装置和第三过滤装置采用过滤精度较高的无纺布滤网，第二过滤装置对含有少量浮灰的新风空气进行二级过滤，第三过滤装置对进入客定的部分浮尘进一步过滤。采用这种多级过滤方式，进 行有效滤沙、排沙，不但可以确保车厢内的空气质量，而且滤网更换周期长，降低检修成本。
本实施例中，在车体1、转向架2、设备舱3上都喷涂有具有抗风沙性能的涂层。
根据涂料技术的研究现状和动车组等轨道车辆力涂装应用的经验，对于在高风沙、高寒、高紫外线地区运营的轨道车辆，涂层在抵御风剪切力、沙石碰撞力的能力不能仅仅依靠最外部涂层的硬度或耐磨性，只有整个防腐体系具备优异的柔韧性、耐磨性能和层间附着力，才能够达到最佳的防护效果。
本实施例中，侧墙6的涂层结构包括墙底漆层、墙腻子层、墙中涂漆层、墙面漆层和墙清漆层。
其中，墙底漆层作为侧墙涂装体系的第一层，直接与侧墙6的基材相连接，其层间附着力和自身的防腐能力直接影响整个涂装体系的质量，所以底漆的选择侧重于考察附着力、耐化学品、防腐性等。本实施例中，墙底漆选用环氧底漆，优选采用常温干燥型环氧底漆，在降低干燥能耗的基础上，对基材表面保证较强的渗透性和附着力，本实施例中，墙底漆层的厚度为50μm以上，优选为60μm。当环气树脂固化成膜后，由于分子结构中含有稳定的苯环和醚键，分子结构又较为紧密，因此对化学品腐蚀有较好的稳定性及优异的机械强度，如硬义、耐冷热和机械冲击等性能，选择以双组份环氧漆作为底漆，为基材提供良好的防腐、抗碱性功能等，使整个系统与基材拥有良好的附着力，发挥油漆的最佳效果。
由于铝合金车体焊接等原因造成的表面凹凸不平，需采用固含量较大的涂层补平，因此在墙底漆层上涂施墙腻子层，墙腻子用以清除被涂物表面上高低不平的缺陷，腻子采用少量漆基、大量填料及适量的着色颜料配制而成，可填补局部有凹陷的工作表面，也可以全部表面刮除，在墙底漆层干透后，施涂于墙底漆层表面。本实施例中，墙腻子选用不饱和聚酯腻子，优选采用弹性轻质不饱和聚酯腻子，其厚度优选为3mm。弹性轻质不饱和聚酯腻子具有极佳的附着力、耐碱性、耐腐蚀性和强度，添加中空高 分子微球的弹性轻质不饱和聚酯腻子，利用微球中的空气起到缓冲气垫作用，赋予常规不饱和聚酯腻子无法达到的柔韧性和低密度，增加涂层表面强度和涂层耐久性，提高涂层的抗渗透性。
墙中涂漆层是墙面漆喷涂前的最后一道涂层，有助于提高被涂物表面的平整和光滑度，封闭墙腻子层的缺陷，以提高墙面漆层的鲜映性和丰满度，改进装饰性，增加涂膜厚度和耐水性。本实施例中，墙中涂漆选用聚氨酯中涂漆，优选采用丙烯酸聚氨酯中涂漆，丙烯酸聚氨酯中涂漆的干膜厚度为30μm以上，优选为40μm。丙烯酸聚氨酯中涂漆既能够满足成膜厚和抗渗透性的要求，又可以封闭墙腻子层缺陷，具有良好的遮盖力，而且保证墙腻子层与墙面漆层具有极佳的附着力。
车体的侧墙6最终所呈现的色彩效果都是通过墙面漆层体现出来的，因此，面漆涂料不仅要有很好的色度和亮度，更要求具有很好的耐污染、耐老化、耐酸碱、耐盐雾、防潮和防霉性，还要求施工方便，涂膜干燥快，保光保色好，透气性好等特点，总之在兼有装饰和保护功能的基础上，如颜色、光泽、质感等，还需要面对恶劣环境的抵抗性。本实施例中，墙面漆选用聚氨酯面漆，优选采用脂肪族丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆，脂肪族丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆的干膜厚度为60μm以上，优选为60μm。区别于传统的芳香族化合物作为主要成膜物质，墙面漆层选用脂肪族化合物，呈现更优异的耐老化、耐水和耐化学品性能，脂肪族聚氨酯面漆具有低温成膜性好、硬度高、柔韧性好、附着力好等优点，其优异的耐候性和抗黄变性是面漆涂料理想的选择。
墙清漆层是不含颜料的透明或带有淡淡黄色的涂层，是涂装的最终涂层，清漆层的作用不是要求增加表面的光泽度和耐老化性能，更重要是提高涂装体系的耐磨、耐冲击性能，常规聚氨酯涂料由于一定量亲水基团的存在，耐水性和机械性能较差。本实施例中，墙清漆层选用聚氨酯清漆，优选采用耐磨丙烯酸聚氨酯清漆，丙烯酸聚氨酯清漆的干膜厚度为40μm以上，优选为40μm。本实施例中，在墙清漆层的配方设计中适当的增加异氰酸基团与羟基的摩尔比，同时添加氧化铝、二氧化硅等无机填料，并 控制耐磨助剂的总添加量在4％～8％之间，使其具有优异的耐磨性、耐冲击、耐水性、以及相互协调的柔韧性和硬度，能够减少沙石反复冲击、磨耗导致的涂层破损。
该侧墙6的涂层结构选用具有良好柔韧性的各个涂层组成具有弹性的涂装体系，利用体系可恢复的变形缓冲外部沙石的冲击力。在脂肪族丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆层和耐磨丙烯酸聚氨酯清漆层的配合下，使侧墙的涂装体系耐老化性能可达到3000小时，远超过常规涂料的1000小时。该侧墙6的涂层结构具有较好的层间附着力，即使涂层破损也能保持整个涂装体系较强的内聚力，防止破损的扩大，进而大幅提高侧墙的抗风沙能力，满足轨道车辆在高风沙地区运营的要求。该侧墙6的涂层结构除具有优良的抗风沙性能，同时还具有优异的耐低温性能，各涂层均可以满足在-40℃极低温环境的使用要求，使轨道车辆除了可以在高风沙地区运营还可以在高寒地区运营，而且由于涂层结构具有较好的耐老化性能，也使轨道车辆适用于在高紫外线地区运营。
车顶7的涂层结构包括顶底漆层、顶中涂漆层、顶面漆层和顶清漆层，其中，顶底漆层选用环氧底漆，优选采用常温型环氧底漆，厚度为50μm以上，优选为60μm；顶中涂漆层选用聚氨酯中涂漆，优选采用丙烯酸聚氨酯中涂漆，厚度为30μm以上，优选为40μm；顶面漆层选用聚氨酯面漆，优选采用脂肪族丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆，厚度为60μm以上，优选为60μm；顶清漆层选用聚氨酯清漆，优选采用耐磨丙烯酸聚氨酯清漆，厚度40μm以上，优选为40μm。车顶7的涂层结构选择原则与侧墙6的涂层结构相同，以提高车顶7的抗风沙能力、耐低温及抗紫外线能力。
由于底架8大部分被设备舱3包围，而且两侧还设置有裙板，因此，底架8的涂层结构仅包括底架底漆和底架面漆，其中，底架底漆选用环氧底漆，优选采用常温型环氧底漆，厚度为60μm以上，优选为60μm，底架面漆选聚氨酯面漆，优选采用脂肪族丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆，厚度为60μm以上，优选为60μm。
转向架2的涂层结构包括架底漆层、架面漆层和架清漆层，该涂层结 构喷涂在转向架2的构架、螺栓、钢弹簧等零部件上。作为安装在车底的设备舱3，其所处的环境与转向架2相接近，因此，设备舱3的外表面上也要进行喷涂处理，设备舱3的涂层结构选择与转向架2的涂层结构相同。
其中，架底漆层选用具有优异附着力的环氧底漆，双组分环氧底漆干膜厚度为60μm以上，优选为60μm，利用环氧树脂作为架底漆层的主要成膜物质，利用羟基、醚键等极性基团保证对基材良好的附着力。
架面漆层选用具有良好柔韧性能的环氧弹性面漆，双组分厚度环氧弹性面漆干膜厚度为100-200μm，优选为150μm，通过对环氧树脂及其固化剂进行分子结构设计，控制参加固化反应的活泼氢的数目，用其他化学反应基团部分取代胺分子中的氢原子，即部分终止固化剂上活泼氢原子的数目，以控制环氧树脂的交联密度，增加固化产物获得足够的变形能力使从而改善环氧面漆的柔韧性，使底架和转向架的涂层结构获得足够的变形能力。
架清漆层选用具有自洁、低表面能的氟碳清漆，双组分氟碳清漆干膜厚度厚度为40-60μm，优选为50μm。架清漆层采用具有独特结构的氟碳树脂，其氟原子沿碳链呈螺旋状分布，高键能的C-F键把C-C键完全保护起来，使聚合物具有较好的耐紫外线能力；同时添加疏水型纳米SiO2助剂，合成类似荷叶的自清洁结构，与水的最小接触角≥110°，使用涂层表面具有良好的疏水性和低的介电常数，从而使整个清漆层具有优异的自洁、耐老化和防结冰性能。
该转向架2的涂层结构具有优良的抗风沙性能，同时还具有优异的耐低温性能，在经历低温环境后仍具有较好的柔韧性和层间附着力，具有自洁、低表面能的氟碳清漆层能够减少冰雪的积聚，通过普通的敲打等方式就能够轻易的去除冰层，使轨道车辆除了可以在高风沙地区运营还可以-40℃在高寒地区运营。
如图7和图8所示，本实施例中，还在转向架处设置有导流罩42，导流罩42安装在设备舱底板10的前后两端的底部，导流罩42向转向架2方向凸出，在底板10上焊接固定有安装座43，导流罩42通过多个螺栓44 固定在安装座43上，安装拆卸均非常方便，而且不会受到转向架2部位安装空间的限制，可以在现车的基础上进行改造。这样，车辆底部气流在导流罩42的阻挡作用下，进入转向架2前需要绕开导流罩42，不但改变了局部气流的方向，与倾斜的端板5配合，更加有利于气流的流动，而且，导流罩42相对减少了底板10与转向架2之间的间隙面积，大幅度减少了进入转向架2部分的气流的进气量，气流里夹杂的雪、沙尘等也随之大幅减少，导流罩42本身也阻挡了部分雪、沙尘进入转向架2，最大限度地起到了防雪、防沙尘的作用。在前后两端的底板10上都设置导流罩42，是为了满足车辆不同运行方向的要求。
为了达到最佳的阻挡作用，导流罩42沿车体的宽度方向通长设置，导流罩42的长度等于或大于转向架2上两个车轮25的轮距，从而保证最大限度地减少雪、沙尘进入转向架2的可能。为了改善气流流经导流罩42的流场，导流罩42的垂向断面设计为三角形，导流罩42的底边水平或略向下倾斜，以更好地起到阻挡气流的作用，导流罩42的前端角β的角度优选为60°，前端角β通过弧线过渡，导流罩42在垂向上的高度H为200～220mm，宽度L为2400mm，导流罩42的前端沿与车轮25边缘的距离最小间距为160mm，避免导流罩42与车轮25的运行过程中接触，并减小了转向架部位底部开口面积，从而减少了从开口处的进雪量。
导流罩42可以采用实心或空心的金属制件，为了进一步提高其防雪、防沙的性能，本实施例中，导流罩42优选采用由橡胶材料制成的封闭的胶囊形结构，橡胶的硬度适中，这样，在气流流过导流罩42时，橡胶制成的导流罩42在气流的作用下不断地抖动，进一步避免雪、沙尘等的沉积，达到防雪、防沙的目的。另外，采用胶囊形结构也可以减轻导流罩42的重量，满足轻量化的要求。安装座43上下设置两个，安装座43是个夹层的结构，导流罩42的上下边插入安装座43的夹层内用螺栓44拧紧固定。
如图7所示，本实施例中，在转向架2前后两端的裙板9上各设置有一凸出于裙板9的导流板45，导流板45在垂直方向大致呈长条形的封闭的箱形结构，沿垂直方向延伸设置，导流板45的垂向高度要覆盖转向架2 位置的裙板9的缺口处，最大限度地减少雪、沙尘进入转向架2。导流板45的水平断面为空心的帽形结构，帽形的两侧及顶部均为圆弧过渡，基本上由三段弧线组成。夹杂着雪、沙尘的气流在高速流经导流板45时，在导流板45具有弧度的迎风面的作用下，产生离心力，由于雪、沙尘的比重比空气重，进而在离心力的作用，将雪和沙尘与空气分离，雪和沙尘被甩出，雪和沙尘不会绕过导流板45而进入转向架2，只有空气则绕过导流板45进入转向架2部位。
导流板45采用不锈钢等金属制件，以保证其具有足够的强度和刚度，导流板45通过焊接的方式直接焊接在裙板9上，也可以通过螺栓固定安装在裙板9上。
为避免大风沙作用下造成受电弓绝缘子表面损伤，采用硬质硅橡胶绝缘子，同时为规避高海拔的影响，绝缘子高度由400mm增大为460mm。为避免强紫外线和高腐蚀性等气候特点，受电弓的底架采用碳钢材料，在原有抛丸和除锈的基础上，增加酸洗磷化工艺，并针对铝件增加酸洗钝化工艺，以去除表面油污，增加涂层附着力。
本实施例中，为实现雷击保护，采用共用接地系统，共用接地系统由接地装置和等电位连接网络组成，接地装置与总等电位接地端子板连接，通过接地干线引至车体内等电位接地端子板，例如配电柜的等电位接地端子板。车体作为均压等电位导体，将处于被保护空间中的外部避雷装置(高压设备箱避雷器、车顶避雷器)、安装的设备、各种导电体，供电及通讯设备连接在一起，在头车和相邻动车、中间两节拖车之间也增设等电位连接线进行连接，确保整车车体等电位。
在车顶增设避雷器，避雷器的接地点直接连接到车体，对接触网或受电弓传输过来的雷电过电压进行防护，保证车顶高压系统部件在耐受范围内工作。
为防止感应雷所造成的浪涌电压侵入车内电路，造成设备损坏或引起火灾，在GPS、GSM、FM天线、同轴电缆、AC400V供电、DC100V供电、列车网络线进入车内时，首先经防雷及浪涌保护器SPD保护，然后进 入相应设备。
由于雷击电流主要通过车体表面及高压系统注入，因此降低车体及高压系统放电点与地之间的阻抗能有效降低车体浮动电位。采用基于高频去耦电阻实现保护接地和工作接地相隔离的整车接地系统。雷电冲击时，高频低感接地电阻可以降低车体电位的抬升，从而降低车体地电位的浮动对低压系统造成的影响。
通过综合防雷设计，在高压系统、接地系统、电气设备和子系统上采用了保护措施，形成了完善的地滚雷防护系统，可以节省因雷电故障出现后列车停运解决故障的成本，还可以提高列车检修的效率，降低动车组的百万公里故障率。
如上所述，结合附图和实施例所给出的方案内容，可以衍生出类似的技术方案。但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

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  1. 一种防风沙高速轨道车辆，包括车体、转向架、设备舱、受电弓及顶置式空调机组，所述车体由车顶、侧墙、端墙及底架组成，所述转向架包括构架、牵引驱动系统、制动系统、悬挂系统、轮对及轴箱，其特征在于：
    所述设备舱由两侧的裙板、底板及骨架组成，所述骨架固定安装在所述车体的底架上，所述底板与所述骨架连接，所述裙板的底部与所述骨架连接，所述裙板的上部与所述车体连接，所述裙板、底板、骨架及车体之间的连接处均为密封连接；
    所述侧墙的涂层结构包括墙底漆层、墙腻子层、墙中涂漆层、墙面漆层和墙清漆层；所述车顶的涂层结构包括顶底漆层、顶中涂漆层、顶面漆层和顶清漆层；所述底架的涂层结构包括底架底漆层及底架面漆层；所述转向架和设备舱的涂层结构包括架底漆层、架面漆层及架清漆层；
    在所述转向架上安装有多组喷射装置，所述喷射装置通过供风管路与供风风源连接，多组所述喷射装置用于向所述制动系统和/或车轮前方的轨道喷射压缩空气。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防风沙高速轨道车辆，其特征在于：在所述供风管路上串接有用于加热喷射用所需压缩空气的加热装置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的防风沙高速轨道车辆，其特征在于：围绕在所述转向架周围设置的设备舱底板，其前后两端自下至上向所述转向架方向倾斜。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的防风沙高速轨道车辆，其特征在于：所述裙板的底部型材与所述骨架之间通过通长的折页连接，所述裙板与所述车体之间连接有多根用于支撑所述裙板的安全吊带。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的防风沙高速轨道车辆，其特征在于：在所述裙板的上部与所述车体之间通过两把弹力转舌锁和一把安全碰锁固定连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的防风沙高速轨道车辆，其特征在于：所述 顶置式空调机组包括壳体，在所述壳体的外侧安装有侧罩板，在所述壳体上开设有送风口、回风口及新风腔开口，在所述侧罩板上开设有新风入口，在所述新风入口、新风腔开口及回风口处分别安装过滤装置。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的防风沙高速轨道车辆，其特征在于：在所述裙板上开设有第一进风口和第一出风口，在所述设备舱内安装有集中供风装置，所述集中供风装置的入风口通过进风风道与所述裙板上的所述第一进风口连通，所述集中供风装置的排风口与所述设备舱连通用于向所述设备舱内的设备吹风。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的防风沙高速轨道车辆，其特征在于：所述侧墙的墙底漆、墙腻子、墙中涂漆、墙面漆和墙清漆分别为环氧底漆、不饱和聚酯腻子、聚氨酯中涂漆、聚氨酯面漆和聚氨酯清漆，所述车顶的顶底漆、顶中涂漆、顶面漆和顶清漆分别为环氧底漆、聚氨酯中涂漆、聚氨酯面漆和聚氨酯清漆；所述底架的底架底漆和底架面漆分别为环氧底漆和聚氨酯面漆；所述转向架和所述设备舱的架底漆、架面漆和架清漆分别为环氧底漆、环氧弹性面漆和氟碳清漆。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的防风沙高速轨道车辆，其特征在于：在所述设备舱底板的沿车辆运行方向的前后两端各设置一个向所述转向架方向凸出的导流罩。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的防风沙高速轨道车辆，其特征在于：在所述转向架前后两端的裙板上各设置有一凸出于所述裙板的导流板。
PCT/CN2015/094420 2014-12-09 2015-11-12 防风沙高速轨道车辆 WO2016091046A1 (zh)

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CN108767667A (zh) * 2018-05-24 2018-11-06 江西清华泰豪三波电机有限公司 一体化防雨防风沙低阻进风结构及电站
CN111547092A (zh) * 2020-06-03 2020-08-18 中车（天津）轨道交通设备有限公司 一种插接结构以及包括该插接结构的通风装置
CN113113886A (zh) * 2021-05-13 2021-07-13 珠海万力达电气自动化有限公司 一种电气化铁路移动式接触网融冰装置
CN113291344A (zh) * 2021-06-09 2021-08-24 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 一种自适应抗蛇形运动系统及其控制方法
CN113696928A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2021-11-26 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 转向架舱体
CN113815663A (zh) * 2021-10-21 2021-12-21 深圳市怡华兴电子有限公司 一种应用于轨道车辆内的单驱动双抽风装置
CN113964698A (zh) * 2021-11-24 2022-01-21 中车大连机车车辆有限公司 一种适用高海拔环境的电力机车用高压箱
EP3409555B1 (de) * 2017-06-02 2022-05-18 Bombardier Transportation GmbH Schienenfahrzeug mit verkleidungsvorrichtung
CN114750793A (zh) * 2022-03-24 2022-07-15 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 一种具有防沙功能的空调机组、防沙控制方法及轨道车辆
CN115158382A (zh) * 2022-07-28 2022-10-11 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 供氧通风系统及轨道车辆
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106379335A (zh) * 2016-12-06 2017-02-08 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 一种动车组风缸模块固定安装结构
EP3409555B1 (de) * 2017-06-02 2022-05-18 Bombardier Transportation GmbH Schienenfahrzeug mit verkleidungsvorrichtung
CN108767667A (zh) * 2018-05-24 2018-11-06 江西清华泰豪三波电机有限公司 一体化防雨防风沙低阻进风结构及电站
CN108767667B (zh) * 2018-05-24 2023-05-16 江西清华泰豪三波电机有限公司 一体化防雨防风沙低阻进风结构及电站
CN111547092A (zh) * 2020-06-03 2020-08-18 中车（天津）轨道交通设备有限公司 一种插接结构以及包括该插接结构的通风装置
CN115191867A (zh) * 2021-04-09 2022-10-18 美智纵横科技有限责任公司 尘盒以及扫地机器人
CN113113886A (zh) * 2021-05-13 2021-07-13 珠海万力达电气自动化有限公司 一种电气化铁路移动式接触网融冰装置
CN113291344A (zh) * 2021-06-09 2021-08-24 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 一种自适应抗蛇形运动系统及其控制方法
CN113696928A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2021-11-26 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 转向架舱体
CN113815663A (zh) * 2021-10-21 2021-12-21 深圳市怡华兴电子有限公司 一种应用于轨道车辆内的单驱动双抽风装置
CN113964698A (zh) * 2021-11-24 2022-01-21 中车大连机车车辆有限公司 一种适用高海拔环境的电力机车用高压箱
CN113964698B (zh) * 2021-11-24 2023-11-21 中车大连机车车辆有限公司 一种适用高海拔环境的电力机车用高压箱
CN114750793A (zh) * 2022-03-24 2022-07-15 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 一种具有防沙功能的空调机组、防沙控制方法及轨道车辆
CN115158382A (zh) * 2022-07-28 2022-10-11 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 供氧通风系统及轨道车辆

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