WO2016090547A1 - 开关电源及其短路保护电路 - Google Patents

开关电源及其短路保护电路 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016090547A1
WO2016090547A1 PCT/CN2014/093358 CN2014093358W WO2016090547A1 WO 2016090547 A1 WO2016090547 A1 WO 2016090547A1 CN 2014093358 W CN2014093358 W CN 2014093358W WO 2016090547 A1 WO2016090547 A1 WO 2016090547A1
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Prior art keywords
power supply
switching power
output
protection circuit
module
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PCT/CN2014/093358
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许国伟
黄鹤鸣
肖灵
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深圳市聚作照明股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2014/093358 priority Critical patent/WO2016090547A1/zh
Publication of WO2016090547A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016090547A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to the field of short circuit protection of a switching power supply, in particular to a switching power supply and a short circuit protection circuit thereof.
  • the power supply circuit has the following characteristics:
  • the current on the output loop is very large, and the power device is hot; 2. The output voltage is small, almost zero, and the current or voltage feedback loop does not work properly. 3. The power switch on-duty increases and the primary side current peak increases.
  • the short-circuit protection method commonly used in flyback switching power supply is to use a special short-circuit protection circuit to monitor whether there is a short-circuit characteristic in the power supply circuit. If a short-circuit characteristic occurs, the short-circuit protection circuit sends a short-circuit occurrence signal to the power control chip, thereby making the power control chip stop working.
  • the chip turn-off method has a fast response to short-circuit and has the characteristics of automatic recovery after power-off.
  • the working mechanism of the short-circuit protection circuit is as follows: according to the phenomenon that the peak current of the input side power switch becomes large when the output terminal is short-circuited, when it is detected that the peak current of the power switch exceeds a certain threshold, it is judged that the output is short-circuited.
  • the flyback switching power supply when the flyback switching power supply is working normally, if the input voltage or load changes, the peak current of the power switch will also change. A sudden change in input voltage or load (still within working range) At this time, the peak current of the power switch may rise to the protection threshold, which will cause the short circuit of the short circuit protection circuit.
  • the utility model provides a short circuit protection circuit for a switching power supply, which solves the problem that the short circuit protection circuit in the prior art is unreliable and the power source cannot be protected.
  • the utility model provides a short circuit protection circuit for a switching power supply, which is connected with a power driving chip of a switching power supply, and comprises an isolated sampling module for sampling an output voltage of the switching power supply and a trigger module controlled by an output signal of the isolated sampling module.
  • the two input ends of the isolated sampling module are respectively connected to the output positive and negative poles of the switching power supply, the output end of the isolated sampling module is connected to the input end of the trigger module, and the output end of the trigger module is connected to the power supply
  • the opening and closing trigger end of the driving chip controls the switch of the power driving chip.
  • the isolated sampling module comprises a photocoupler
  • the photocoupler comprises a light source and a light receiver
  • the first end of the light source is connected to the output positive pole of the switching power supply
  • the second end is connected to the switching power supply
  • the input end of the light receiving device is connected to a DC power source
  • the output end is connected as an output end of the isolated sampling module to the input end of the trigger module.
  • the isolated sampling module further includes a current limiting resistor, and the first end of the illumination source is connected to the output positive pole of the switching power supply through the current limiting resistor.
  • the trigger module includes a voltage dividing resistor and a PNP type transistor, and a base of the triode is connected as an input end of the trigger module to an output end of the isolation sampling module, and is grounded through the voltage dividing resistor, the triode
  • the emitter of the trigger module is connected to the open/close trigger end of the power driving chip, and the collector of the transistor is grounded.
  • the opening and closing triggering end of the power driving chip is a power terminal or a starting end.
  • a switching power supply including a power driving chip and the above-mentioned switching power supply short circuit protection circuit.
  • the power drive chip is of the type OB3330 or HV9861.
  • the isolation sampling module controls the trigger module to trigger the switch of the power driving chip according to the output voltage state of the switching power supply, and the switching power supply stops working until the short circuit is released, and the sampling module is isolated.
  • the output signal changes state and the switching power supply works again. Therefore, the protection circuit has no special pin requirements for the power drive chip, and has strong versatility; at the same time, it has the characteristics of simple and reliable, convenient debugging, low power consumption and low cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit structural diagram of a short circuit protection circuit for turning off a power supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pin of a power driving chip HV9861.
  • a switching power supply short circuit protection circuit is connected to a power supply driving chip (not shown) of a switching power supply (not shown) and an output positive voltage Vo+ and a negative voltage Vo- of the switching power supply. Between, according to the output voltage state of the switching power supply.
  • the switching power supply short circuit protection circuit includes an isolated sampling module for sampling the output voltage of the switching power supply
  • the triggering module 120 is controlled by the output signal of the isolated sampling module 110.
  • the two input ends of the isolated sampling module 110 are respectively connected to the output positive pole Vo+ and the negative pole Vo- of the switching power supply, and the output of the isolation sampling module 110 and the trigger module 120 are The input terminal is connected, and the output end of the trigger module 120 is connected to the open/close trigger terminal 200 of the power driving chip to control the switch of the power driving chip.
  • the utility model does not limit the switching power supply and the power supply driving chip applied thereto, and the power driving chip can be a conventional device having a pin (opening and closing triggering terminal 200) capable of controlling its opening and closing.
  • the power driver chip model HV9861 or OB3330 Such as the power driver chip model HV9861 or OB3330.
  • the opening and closing trigger terminal 200 of the power driving chip is a power terminal or a startup terminal.
  • the above-mentioned opening and closing trigger terminal 200 may be its working voltage pin VDD or its working starting pin VIN. Shutdown can be achieved when the level of one of the two pins is pulled low.
  • the isolation sampling module 110 includes a photocoupler U1.
  • the photocoupler U1 includes an illumination source and a photoreceiver.
  • the first end of the illumination source is connected to the output positive pole Vo+ of the switching power supply, and the second end of the illumination source is connected to the output negative pole Vo- of the switching power supply.
  • the input end of the photoreceiver is connected to the DC power source Vcc, and the output end of the photoreceiver is used as the output end of the isolation sampling module 110 to contact the input end of the transmitting module 120.
  • the isolation sampling module 110 further includes a first current limiting resistor R1 and a second current limiting resistor R2.
  • the first end of the illumination source is connected to the output positive pole Vo+ of the switching power supply through the first current limiting resistor R1.
  • the input end of the photoreceiver is connected to the DC power source Vcc through the second current limiting resistor R2.
  • the light-emitting source of the photocoupler U1 is a light-emitting diode.
  • the first end and the second end of the light-emitting source are respectively an anode and a cathode of the light-emitting diode
  • the light-receiver of the photocoupler U1 is a photodiode, and the input end and the output end of the light-receiver respectively
  • the anode and the cathode of the photodiode; in addition, the photoreceiver of the photocoupler U1 may also be a phototransistor, and the input end and the output end of the photoreceiver are respectively the collector and the emitter of the phototransistor.
  • the triggering module 120 includes a voltage dividing resistor R3 and a PNP type transistor Q1.
  • the base of the transistor Q1 serves as an input terminal of the triggering module 120 to the output end of the isolation sampling module 110 (ie, the output end of the photoreceiver), and is grounded through the voltage dividing resistor R3.
  • the emitter of the transistor Q1 is connected to the output of the trigger module 120 to the open/close trigger terminal 200 of the power driving chip, and the collector of the transistor Q1 is grounded.
  • a switching power supply including a power driving chip and the above-mentioned switching power supply short circuit protection circuit.
  • the power drive chip is of the type OB3330 or HV9861.
  • the output voltage is applied to the two input terminals of the light source of the photocoupler U1 through the first current limiting resistor R1, and the light source generates a current and emits light, which is coupled to the receiver side, and the photocoupler U1
  • the on-receiver current is generated on the receiver side, and the DC power supply Vcc voltage is passed through the second current limiting resistor R2, the photocoupler
  • the photoreceptor of U1 is applied to the base of the transistor Q1, and the transistor Q1 is turned off; when the output positive pole Vo+ and the negative electrode Vo- of the switching power supply are short-circuited, the current of the light source of the photocoupler U1 disappears and does not emit light, and the photocoupler U1
  • the photoreceiver is turned off, the base potential of the transistor Q1 becomes low, and the transistor Q1 is turned on, and the potential of the opening and closing trigger terminal 200 of the power driving chip on the primary side of the switching power supply is pulled low, and the power supply stops working

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

一种开关电源及其短路保护电路，保护电路与开关电源的电源驱动芯片连接，隔离采样模块（110）的两个输入端分别接开关电源的输出正极和负极，所述隔离采样模块（110）的输出端与触发模块（120）的输入端连接，所述触发模块（120）的输出端接所述电源驱动芯片的开闭触发端（200），控制该电源驱动芯片的开关。在其开关电源输出正极和负极短路时，隔离采样模块（110）根据开关电源的输出电压状态控制触发模块（120）触发电源驱动芯片的开关，开关电源停止工作，直至短路解除，因而该保护电路对于电源驱动芯片没有特殊的管脚要求，具有很强的通用性；同时还具有结构简单，调试方便，功耗小，成本低等特点。

Description

开关电源及其短路保护电路 技术领域
本实用新型涉及开关电源短路保护领域，具体涉及一种开关电源及其短路保护电路。
 背景技术
随着反激开关电源使用的越来越广泛，用户对其可靠性要求也越来越高。这就要求反激开关电源在各种异常情况下，能够保护自身及负载设备的安全。其中，短路保护是开关电源的一项非常重要的保护功能。反激开关电源的输出短路时，电源电路有以下特征：
1. 输出回路上的电流很大，功率器件发热严重；2. 输出端电压很小，几乎为零，电流或电压反馈环路无法正常工作。3. 功率开关导通占空比增加，初级侧电流峰值增加。
反激开关电源常用的短路保护方法是利用专门的短路保护电路，来监测电源电路中是否存在短路特征，如果出现短路特征，则短路保护电路向电源控制芯片发出短路发生信号，从而使电源控制芯片停止工作。芯片关断法对短路的响应比较快，且具有断电后自动恢复的特点。
目前短路保护电路的工作机制如下：根据在输出端短路时输入侧功率开关的峰值电流会变大这一现象，当检测到功率开关的峰值电流超过某一阈值时，即判断为输出短路。
但是在反激开关电源正常工作时，如果输入电压或者负载变化时，功率开关的峰值电流也会变化。在输入电压或负载出现突变( 仍在工作范围内) 时，功率开关的峰值电流有可能会上升到保护阈值，这将会导致短路保护电路的误操作。
 技术问题
本实用新型提供了一种开关电源短路保护电路，以解决现有技术中短路保护电路不可靠，电源不能得到保护的问题。
 技术解决方案
本实用新型提供一种开关电源短路保护电路，与开关电源的电源驱动芯片连接，包括对所述开关电源的输出电压进行采样的隔离采样模块和受该隔离采样模块输出信号控制的触发模块，所述隔离采样模块的两个输入端分别接所述开关电源的输出正极和负极，所述隔离采样模块的输出端与所述触发模块的输入端连接，所述触发模块的输出端接所述电源驱动芯片的开闭触发端，控制该电源驱动芯片的开关。
优选地，所述隔离采样模块包括光电耦合器，所述光电耦合器包括发光源和受光器，所述发光源的第一端接所述开关电源的输出正极，第二端接所述开关电源的输出负极，所述受光器的输入端接直流电源，输出端作为隔离采样模块的输出端接所述触发模块的输入端。
优选地，所述隔离采样模块还包括限流电阻，所述发光源的第一端通过所述限流电阻接所述开关电源的输出正极。
优选地，所述触发模块包括分压电阻和PNP型三极管，所述三极管的基极作为触发模块的输入端接所述隔离采样模块的输出端，且通过所述分压电阻接地，所述三极管的发射极作为触发模块的输出端接所述电源驱动芯片的开闭触发端，所述三极管的集电极接地。
优选地，所述电源驱动芯片的开闭触发端为电源端或启动端。
此外，还提供了一种开关电源，包括电源驱动芯片和上述的开关电源短路保护电路。
优选地，所述电源驱动芯片的型号为OB3330或HV9861。
 有益效果
上述开关电源短路保护电路在其开关电源输出正极和负极短路时，隔离采样模块根据开关电源的输出电压状态控制触发模块触发电源驱动芯片的开关，开关电源停止工作，直至短路解除，隔离采样模块的输出信号改变状态，开关电源重新工作。因而该保护电路对于电源驱动芯片没有特殊的管脚要求，具有很强的通用性；同时还具有简单可靠，调试方便，功耗小，成本低等特点。
 附图说明
图1为本实用新型较佳实施例中关电源短路保护电路的电路结构图；
图2为电源驱动芯片HV9861的管脚示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本实用新型要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本实用新型进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本实用新型，并不用于限定本实用新型。
请参阅图1，本实用新型较佳实施例提供的开关电源短路保护电路连接在开关电源（图未示出）的电源驱动芯片（图未示出）与开关电源的输出正极Vo+和负极Vo-之间，根据开关电源的输出电压状态工作。
开关电源短路保护电路包括对开关电源的输出电压进行采样的隔离采样模块 110和受该隔离采样模块110输出信号控制的触发模块120，隔离采样模块110的两个输入端分别接开关电源的输出正极Vo+和负极Vo-，隔离采样模块110的输出端与触发模块120的输入端连接，触发模块120的输出端接电源驱动芯片的开闭触发端200，控制该电源驱动芯片的开关。
本实用新型对其应用的开关电源及其电源驱动芯片不做限制，电源驱动芯片可以为常规的、具有可控制其开闭的管脚（开闭触发端200）的器件则可。如型号为HV9861或OB3330的电源驱动芯片。如，电源驱动芯片的开闭触发端200为电源端或启动端。参考图2，以电源驱动芯片HV9861为例，上述的开闭触发端200可以是其工作电压管脚VDD，也可以是其工作启动管脚VIN。当该两个管脚其中一个的电平被拉低时则可以实现关闭。
隔离采样模块110包括光电耦合器U1，光电耦合器U1包括发光源和受光器，发光源的第一端接开关电源的输出正极Vo+，发光源的第二端接开关电源的输出负极Vo-，受光器的输入端接直流电源Vcc，受光器的输出端作为隔离采样模块110的输出端接触发模块120的输入端。
优选地，隔离采样模块110还包括第一限流电阻R1和第二限流电阻R2，发光源的第一端通过第一限流电阻R1接开关电源的输出正极Vo+。受光器的输入端通过第二限流电阻R2接直流电源Vcc。
光电耦合器U1的发光源为发光二极管，发光源的第一端和第二端分别为发光二极管的阳极和阴极，光电耦合器U1的受光器为光敏二极管，受光器的输入端和输出端分别为光敏二极管的阳极和阴极；另外，光电耦合器U1的受光器还可以为光敏三极管，受光器的输入端和输出端分别为光敏三极管的集电极和发射极。
触发模块120包括分压电阻R3和PNP型三极管Q1，三极管Q1的基极作为触发模块120的输入端接隔离采样模块110的输出端（即受光器的输出端），且通过分压电阻R3接地，三极管Q1的发射极作为触发模块120的输出端接电源驱动芯片的开闭触发端200，三极管Q1的集电极接地。
此外，还提供了一种开关电源，包括电源驱动芯片和上述的开关电源短路保护电路。优选地，电源驱动芯片的型号为OB3330或HV9861。
当开关电源工作时，输出电压通过第一限流电阻R1加在光电耦合器U1的发光源的两个输入端脚，发光源侧产生电流并发光，耦合至受光器侧,光电耦合器U1的受光器侧产生导通电流，直流电源Vcc电压经第二限流电阻R2，光电耦合器 U1的受光器加至三极管Q1的基极，三极管Q1截止；当开关电源的输出正极Vo+和负极Vo-发生短路时，光电耦合器U1的发光源的电流消失，不发光，光电耦合器U1的受光器关断，三极管Q1的基极电位变低，三极管Q1导通，将开关电源一次侧的电源驱动芯片的开闭触发端200的电位拉低，电源停止工作，直至短路解除。因而该保护电路对于电源驱动芯片没有特殊的管脚要求，具有很强的通用性；同时还具有结构简单，调试方便，功耗小，成本低等特点。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本实用新型的几种实施方式，并不用以限制本实用新型，凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种开关电源短路保护电路，与开关电源的电源驱动芯片连接，与其特征在于，包括对所述开关电源的输出电压进行采样的隔离采样模块和受该隔离采样模块输出信号控制的触发模块，所述隔离采样模块的两个输入端分别接所述开关电源的输出正极和负极，所述隔离采样模块的输出端与所述触发模块的输入端连接，所述触发模块的输出端接所述电源驱动芯片的开闭触发端，控制该电源驱动芯片的开关。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的开关电源短路保护电路，其特征在于，所述隔离采样模块包括光电耦合器，所述光电耦合器包括发光源和受光器，所述发光源的第一端接所述开关电源的输出正极，第二端接所述开关电源的输出负极，所述受光器的输入端接直流电源，输出端作为隔离采样模块的输出端接所述触发模块的输入端。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的开关电源短路保护电路，其特征在于，所述隔离采样模块还包括限流电阻，所述发光源的第一端通过所述限流电阻接所述开关电源的输出正极。
  4. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的开关电源短路保护电路，其特征在于，所述触发模块包括分压电阻和PNP型三极管，所述三极管的基极作为触发模块的输入端接所述隔离采样模块的输出端，且通过所述分压电阻接地，所述三极管的发射极作为触发模块的输出端接所述电源驱动芯片的开闭触发端，所述三极管的集电极接地。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的开关电源短路保护电路，其特征在于，所述电源驱动芯片的开闭触发端为电源端或启动端。
  6. 一种开关电源，其特征在于，包括电源驱动芯片和权利要求1至4任一项所述的开关电源短路保护电路。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的开关电源，其特征在于，所述电源驱动芯片的型号为OB3330或HV9861。
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