WO2017016012A1 - 一种保护电路 - Google Patents

一种保护电路 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017016012A1
WO2017016012A1 PCT/CN2015/087809 CN2015087809W WO2017016012A1 WO 2017016012 A1 WO2017016012 A1 WO 2017016012A1 CN 2015087809 W CN2015087809 W CN 2015087809W WO 2017016012 A1 WO2017016012 A1 WO 2017016012A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
input
output
comparator
voltage
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PCT/CN2015/087809
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张先明
曹丹
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深圳市华星光电技术有限公司
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Priority to US14/785,845 priority Critical patent/US10014762B2/en
Publication of WO2017016012A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017016012A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/15—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using discharge tubes only

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power conversion technologies, and in particular, to a protection circuit.
  • the application of the inductive boost converter has been widely used, mainly for powering the Light Emitting Diode (LED), which can provide the liquid crystal display (LCD) panel of the battery-powered system.
  • the output voltage of an inductive boost converter is higher than the input voltage, including the inductor, diode, capacitor, and control switch. Closing the control switch causes the current through the inductor to increase; turning on the control switch causes current to flow through the diode to the output capacitor. Because the capacitor stores the current from the inductor, the voltage of the output capacitor rises after multiple switching cycles, causing the output voltage to be higher than the input voltage.
  • PWM Pulse-Width Modulation
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a protection circuit, which can effectively prevent current from flowing back to the input end and improve the safety of the inductive boost converter.
  • a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a protection circuit, which is applied to an inductive boost converter, where the inductive boost converter includes a transmission circuit and a charging circuit, and the protection circuit includes:
  • a detection circuit and a control circuit wherein an input end of the detection circuit is connected to an output end of the transmission circuit, and a first output end of the detection circuit is connected to an input end of the charging circuit, and the detecting a second output of the circuit is coupled to the input of the control circuit;
  • the detecting circuit detects whether the current input by the transmission circuit is a short-circuit current, and when the detection result is YES, transmits the detection result to the control circuit, and the control circuit disconnects the charging circuit from the ground Connected to prevent charge stored by the charging circuit from being poured to the input of the inductive boost converter.
  • the transmission circuit includes an inductor and a diode, one end of the inductance of the transmission circuit is connected to an input end of the inductive boost converter, and the other end of the inductor is connected to a positive pole of the diode;
  • the charging circuit includes at least one capacitor, each of the at least one capacitor is connected in parallel with each other, and a parallel output end of the charging circuit serves as an output end of the inductive boost converter;
  • the transmission circuit transfers charge to the charging circuit, the charging circuit stores the charge transmitted by the transmission circuit and generates an output voltage, and the voltage value of the output voltage is higher than a voltage value of the input voltage of the input terminal.
  • the detecting circuit comprises an optical coupler
  • the optical coupler comprises a light emitting diode and a triode
  • a positive pole of the light emitting diode is connected to a negative pole of a diode of the transmission circuit, a negative pole of the light emitting diode and the charging The inputs of the circuit are connected;
  • the LED detects whether the current input by the transmission circuit is the short-circuit current. When the detection result is YES, the LED emits an optical signal to trigger the transistor to generate a photocurrent to turn on the transistor.
  • the triode is an NPN tube, the base of the triode is controlled by the light emitting diode, the collector of the triode is connected to a constant voltage, and the emitter of the triode is extremely second output of the detecting circuit Connected to an input end of the control circuit;
  • the photocurrent is generated and input to the input of the control circuit.
  • the control circuit includes a shunt resistor, a comparator and a field effect transistor, one end of the shunt resistor is connected to the ground, and the other end of the shunt resistor is connected to the second output of the detection circuit. ;
  • the voltage dividing resistor shunts the photocurrent flowing into an input end of the control circuit.
  • the comparator includes a non-inverting input terminal, an inverting input terminal, a constant voltage terminal, a ground terminal, and an output terminal, and an inverting input end of the comparator is connected to a second output end of the detecting circuit.
  • a non-inverting input of the comparator is connected to a reference voltage, and an output of the comparator is connected to a gate of the FET;
  • the comparator Comparing the inverting input of the comparator to the photocurrent after shunting, the comparator compares the voltage of the inverting input of the comparator with the magnitude of the reference voltage when the comparator When the voltage at the inverting input is greater than the reference voltage, the output of the comparator outputs a low level to the gate of the FET.
  • the field effect transistor is a P-channel enhancement type field effect transistor, a drain of the field effect transistor is connected to the charging circuit, and a source of the field effect transistor is connected to the ground electrode;
  • the FET When the FET receives the low level of the comparator output, the FET is turned off, disconnecting the charging circuit from the ground, and preventing charge charging stored by the charging circuit To the input of the inductive boost converter.
  • the detection result when the detection result is no, the voltage of the inverting input terminal of the comparator is less than the reference voltage, the output end of the comparator outputs a high level, and the charging circuit is connected to the ground pole to Having the charging circuit store the charge transferred by the transmission circuit and generate the output voltage.
  • the input end of the inductive boost converter is a pulse width modulation PWM generator.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides an inductive boost converter, including the protection circuit provided by the first aspect.
  • the detection circuit detects whether the current input by the transmission circuit is a short-circuit current, and when the detection result is YES, the control circuit disconnects the charging circuit from the ground, thereby effectively preventing the charge stored in the charging circuit. Invert to the input to avoid burning the integrated circuit at the input and improve the safety of the inductive boost converter.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a conventional inductive boost converter
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an inductive boost converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the protection circuit includes a detection circuit 2 and a control circuit 3.
  • the detection circuit 2 and the control circuit 3 are connected to a common inductive type. Between the transmission circuit 1 and the charging circuit 4 in the voltage circuit. See Figure 2 for a detailed schematic diagram of the conventional inductive booster circuit.
  • An input end of the detecting circuit 2 is connected to an output end of the transmission circuit 1, a first output end of the detecting circuit 2 is connected to an input end of the charging circuit 4, and a second end of the detecting circuit 2 The output is connected to the input of the control circuit 3.
  • the detection circuit 2 is connected between the transmission circuit 1 and the charging circuit 4. Specifically, an input end of the detection circuit 2 is connected to an output end of the transmission circuit 1.
  • the detecting circuit 2 includes a first output end and a second output end, wherein a first output end of the detecting circuit 2 is connected to an input end of the charging circuit 4, and a second output end of the detecting circuit 2 It is connected to the input of the control circuit 3.
  • the transmission circuit 1 and the charging circuit 4 please refer to the structural schematic diagram of the conventional inductive booster circuit shown in FIG. 2.
  • the transmission circuit 1 includes an inductor 11, a diode 12, and a control switch 13.
  • the inductor 11 is an energy conversion device that converts electrical energy and magnetic field energy into each other.
  • the control switch 13 When the control switch 13 is closed, the inductor 11 converts electrical energy into a magnetic field and can be stored when the control switch 13 is turned off.
  • the inductor 11 converts the stored magnetic field energy into electrical energy, and the electrical energy is superimposed on the voltage input from the input terminal, and then filtered by the diode 12 and the capacitor 41 in the charging circuit to obtain a smooth DC voltage to be supplied to the output terminal.
  • the sense boost converter completes the boosting process.
  • the anode of the diode 12 is connected to the output of the inductor 11, and the cathode of the diode 12 is connected to the capacitor 41.
  • the diode 12 is a Schottky diode, and mainly serves as an isolation function, that is, when the control switch is closed, the positive voltage of the diode 12 is lower than the negative voltage, and the diode 12 is reverse biased.
  • the energy storage process of the inductor 11 does not affect the normal supply of the capacitor 41 to the output. Because when the control switch 13 is turned off, the two superimposed energy is supplied to the load through the diode, and the diode 12 is forwardly turned on, and the forward voltage drop is required to be as small as possible, so as to make more Energy is supplied to the output. However, once the diode 12 is short-circuited, a short-circuit current is generated.
  • the diode 12 is reverse-conducted, and corresponds to a wire in the circuit.
  • the charge stored in the capacitor 41 is inverted by the inductor to the input end, and burned.
  • An integrated circuit in a bad input terminal so the embodiment of the present invention adds the detection circuit 2 and the control circuit 3 between the transmission circuit 1 and the charging circuit 4 to prevent charge inversion in the charging circuit To the input.
  • the detecting circuit 2 detects whether the current input by the transmission circuit 1 is a short-circuit current, and when the detection result is YES, transmits the detection result to the control circuit 3, and the control circuit 3 turns off the charging circuit 4 is connected to the ground to prevent the charge stored in the charging circuit 4 from being poured to the input end of the inductive boost converter.
  • the detecting circuit 2 detects whether the current input by the sensing circuit 1 is a short circuit.
  • the protection circuit transmits the detection result to the control circuit 3, and the control circuit 3 disconnects the charging circuit 4 from the ground according to the detection result, so that the The charging circuit 4 is in a floating state, thereby preventing the charge stored in the charging circuit 4 from being poured to the input end of the inductive boost converter.
  • the charging circuit 4 stores the charge input by the transmission circuit 1 and normally charges to output an output voltage whose voltage value is higher than the input voltage.
  • the detection circuit detects whether the current input by the transmission circuit is a short-circuit current, and when the detection result is YES, the control circuit disconnects the charging circuit from the ground, thereby effectively preventing the charge stored in the charging circuit. Invert to the input to avoid burning the integrated circuit at the input and improve the safety of the inductive boost converter.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 It is a further description of the protection circuit shown in FIG. 1.
  • the detection circuit 2 in the protection circuit includes a light-emitting diode 21 and a transistor 22, and the control circuit 3 in the protection circuit includes a shunt resistor 31, a comparator 32, and a field effect transistor 33.
  • the transmission circuit 1 includes an inductor 11 and one end.
  • the inductor 11 has one end connected to an input end of the inductive boost converter, and the other end of the inductor 11 is connected to a positive pole of the diode 12.
  • the charging circuit 4 has more than one capacitor, including at least one capacitor, corresponding to the capacitor 41 to the capacitor 4N in FIG. 3, and each of the at least one capacitor is connected in parallel with each other, and the charging circuit 4 A parallel output is used as an output of the inductive boost converter.
  • the transmission circuit 1 further includes a control switch, not shown in Fig. 3, which functions the same as the control switch 13 shown in Fig. 2.
  • the input end of the inductive boost converter is a pulse width modulation PWM generator.
  • a control switch can be integrated in the PWM generator.
  • the transmission circuit 1 transfers charge to the charging circuit 4, the charging circuit stores the charge transmitted by the transmission circuit and generates an output voltage whose voltage value is higher than a voltage value of the input voltage of the input terminal.
  • the detecting circuit 2 is an optical coupler, and the optical coupler includes a light emitting diode 21 and a transistor 22, and a positive electrode of the light emitting diode 21 is connected to a negative electrode of the diode 12 of the transmission circuit 1, and the light emitting diode
  • the cathode of 21 is connected to the input of the charging circuit 4.
  • the transistor 22 is a phototransistor.
  • the LED 21 detects whether the current input by the transmission circuit 1 is the short-circuit current. It can be understood that the LED 21 detects whether the diode 12 is short-circuited, and when the diode 12 is short-circuited.
  • the light emitting diode 21 can detect a short circuit. Specifically, in the optocoupler, when the current value flowing through the light emitting diode 21 is greater than a preset threshold, the LED is triggered to emit light, and light energy is generated to be irradiated onto the transistor 22, and the transistor 22 A photocurrent is generated by a photoelectric effect upon receipt of the light energy to turn on the transistor 22.
  • the short circuit current of the diode 12 can trigger the light emitting diode 21 to emit light.
  • the detection result of the light emitting diode 21 is YES
  • the light emitting diode 21 sends an optical signal to trigger the triode to generate a photocurrent to turn on the triode.
  • the triode is an NPN tube
  • the base of the triode 22 is controlled by the light emitting diode
  • the collector of the triode 22 is connected to a constant voltage
  • the emission of the triode 22 is extremely
  • the second output of the measuring circuit 2 is connected to the input of the control circuit 3.
  • the photocurrent is generated and input to the input end of the control circuit.
  • the control circuit 3 includes a shunt resistor 31, a comparator 32 and a field effect transistor 33. One end of the shunt resistor 31 is connected to the ground, and the other end of the shunt resistor 31 and the second end of the detection circuit The outputs are connected. The voltage dividing resistor 31 shunts the photocurrent flowing into the input terminal of the control circuit 3.
  • the comparator 32 includes a non-inverting input terminal, an inverting input terminal, a constant voltage terminal, a ground terminal, and an output terminal.
  • the inverting input terminal of the comparator 32 is coupled to the second output terminal of the detecting circuit 2 Connected, the non-inverting input of the comparator 32 is connected to a reference voltage, and the output of the comparator 32 is connected to the gate of the FET.
  • the comparator 32 compares the voltage of the inverting input end of the comparator with the magnitude of the reference voltage. When the voltage at the inverting input of the comparator 32 is greater than the reference voltage, the output of the comparator 32 outputs a low level to the gate of the FET 33.
  • the field effect transistor 33 is a P-channel enhancement type field effect transistor, the drain of the field effect transistor 33 is connected to the charging circuit 4, and the source of the field effect transistor 33 is connected to the ground electrode ;
  • the FET 33 when the FET 33 receives the low level output by the comparator 32, the FET 33 is turned off, thereby disconnecting the charging circuit 4 from the ground. The charge stored in the charging circuit 4 is prevented from being poured to the input end of the inductive boost converter.
  • the inverting input terminal of the comparator 32 When the detection result is no, the inverting input terminal of the comparator 32 has no voltage input, so the voltage of the inverting input terminal of the comparator 32 is less than the reference voltage, and the output of the comparator 32 is output.
  • a high level connects the charging circuit 4 to the ground such that the charging circuit 4 stores the charge transferred by the transmission circuit 1 and generates the output voltage.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a broken line portion is a component used in the protection circuit, including an optocoupler G, a shunt resistor R, a comparator B, and a field effect transistor. Q.
  • the optical coupler G is connected in series between the diode D and the shunt capacitor group, and the shunt capacitor group includes C1. C2 and C3.
  • a positive electrode of the light emitting diode in the optical coupler G is connected to a negative electrode of the diode D, and a negative electrode of the light emitting diode in the optical coupler G is connected to an input end of the parallel capacitor group.
  • a base of the triode in the optocoupler G receives an optical signal sent by the LED, and an emitter of the triode in the optocoupler G is connected to an inverting input of the comparator B,
  • the collector of the transistor in the photocoupler G is connected to a constant voltage VCC.
  • the emitter of the triode in the coupler G is the second output of the detection circuit in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, and the negative pole of the LED in the optocoupler G is as shown in FIG.
  • the positive terminal of the light emitting diode in the optical coupler G is the input end of the detecting circuit in the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • One end of the shunt resistor R is connected to the emitter of the triode in the coupler G, and the other end of the shunt resistor R is connected to the ground.
  • the positive phase input of the comparator B is connected to a reference voltage VREF, which is different in different circuits, but the VREF is a fixed value.
  • the comparator B further includes a constant voltage terminal and a ground terminal, the constant voltage terminal is connected to the constant voltage VCC, and the ground terminal of the comparator B is connected to the ground electrode together with the source of the FET Q. .
  • the circuit composed of the inductor L and the diode D corresponds to the transmission circuit 1 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, and the parallel capacitor group corresponds to the charging circuit 4 in the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • a short-circuit current is generated to be transmitted to the light-emitting diode in the optical coupler G, and the short-circuit current is higher than a current threshold that triggers the light-emitting diode to emit light, and thus the light-emitting diode
  • a triode is generated in which the optical signal is irradiated in the photocoupler G, the triode converts light energy into electric energy to generate a photocurrent, and the triode is in an on state, the triode The photocurrent is transmitted to the shunt resistor R and the comparator B through an emitter.
  • the shunt resistor R shunts the photocurrent to prevent a large current from damaging the comparator B. Another portion of the photocurrent after shunting is transmitted to the inverting input of the comparator, and the comparator B compares the voltage of the inverting input with the magnitude of the VREF when the voltage of the inverting input is less than the VREF. The output of the comparator outputs a high level; when the voltage of the inverting input is greater than the VREF, the output of the comparator outputs a low level.
  • the voltage of the inverting input terminal of the comparator B Greater than the VREF, such that the output of the comparator B outputs a low level to the gate of the FET Q.
  • the field effect transistor Q is a P-channel enhancement type field effect transistor, and a source of the field effect transistor Q is connected to a ground level, and a drain of the field effect transistor Q is connected to the parallel capacitor group.
  • the field effect transistor Q controls the connection of the parallel capacitor bank to the ground level.
  • the shunt capacitor group is connected to the ground level; when the FET Q is in a off state, that is, in an off state, the shunt capacitor group and the The connection between the ground stages is broken, the parallel capacitor group is in a floating state, and the stored charge of the parallel capacitor group will not move in the direction of the inductor L.
  • the voltage Vgs of the gate and source of the FET Q is less than a preset value, the FET Q is turned on, and generally the preset value is a negative value.
  • the diode D When the diode D operates normally, the light-emitting diodes in the optical coupler G do not emit light, and the photocurrent is not generated by the transistors in the optical coupler G, and the inverting input terminal of the comparator B The voltage is zero, less than the VREF, so the output of the comparator B outputs a high level to the gate of the FET Q, so that the FET Q is in an on state, thereby A parallel capacitor bank is coupled to the ground level. At this time, the parallel capacitor group can normally store the charge transmitted by the inductor and generate an output voltage.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an inductive boost converter including a PWM generator, a transmission circuit 5, a protection circuit 6, a charging circuit 7, and an output according to an embodiment of the present invention. end.
  • the PWM generator provides an input voltage to the inductive boost converter, the PWM generator In the case where the output frequency of the control circuit is constant, the duty ratio is adjusted by voltage feedback to provide a stable voltage for the circuit in which the inductive boost converter is placed.
  • protection circuit 6 For a specific structure and implementation process of the protection circuit 6, refer to the detailed description of the protection circuit in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, and details are not described herein again.
  • the inductive boost converter provided in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 can effectively prevent the charge stored in the charging circuit from being poured into the PWM generator, avoiding the reverse current burning out the integrated circuit inside the PWM generator, thereby improving the inductive boost conversion. Security.
  • the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (RAM).

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  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种保护电路，应用于电感型升压转换器中，所述电感型升压转换器包括传输电路和充电电路，所述保护电路包括检测电路和控制电路，所述检测电路的输入端与所述传输电路的输出端相连接，所述检测电路的第一输出端与所述充电电路的输入端相连接，所述检测电路的第二输出端与所述控制电路的输入端相连接；所述检测电路检测所述传输电路输入的电流是否为短路电流，当检测结果为是时，将所述检测结果传输至所述控制电路，所述控制电路断开所述充电电路与地极的连接，防止所述充电电路存储的电荷倒灌至所述电感型升压转换器的输入端。本发明实施例能够有效地防止电流倒灌至输入端，提高电感型升压转化器的安全性。

Description

一种保护电路
本申请要求于2015年7月27日提交中国专利局，申请号为201510445688.9、发明名称为“一种保护电路”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电源转换技术领域，具体涉及一种保护电路。
背景技术
目前，电感型升压转换器的应用已非常广泛，主要应用在为白光发光二极管(Light Emitting Diode，LED)供电，该白光LED能为电池供电系统的液晶显示(Liquid Crystal Display，LCD)面板提供背光。电感型升压转换器的输出电压高于输入电压，包括电感、二极管、电容以及控制开关，闭合控制开关会引起通过电感的电流增加；打开控制开关会促使电流通过二极管流向输出电容。因为电容存储来自电感的电流，多个开关周期以后输出电容的电压升高，使得输出电压高于输入电压。但是，一旦二极管短路，那么输出电容中存储的大量电荷便会通过电感倒灌至输入端。输入端以脉冲宽度调制(Pulse-Width Modulation，PWM)发生器为例，PWM发生器内存在集成电路，倒灌至输入端的电荷会烧坏PWM发生器内部的集成电路，影响PWM发生器正常工作，严重地可能引起冒烟、火苗等，存在一定的安全隐患。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种保护电路，能够有效地防止电流倒灌至输入端，提高电感型升压转化器的安全性。
本发明实施例第一方面提供一种保护电路，应用于电感型升压转换器中，所述电感型升压转换器包括传输电路和充电电路，所述保护电路包括：
检测电路和控制电路，所述检测电路的输入端与所述传输电路的输出端相连接，所述检测电路的第一输出端与所述充电电路的输入端相连接，所述检测 电路的第二输出端与所述控制电路的输入端相连接；
所述检测电路检测所述传输电路输入的电流是否为短路电流，当检测结果为是时，将所述检测结果传输至所述控制电路，所述控制电路断开所述充电电路与地极的连接，防止所述充电电路存储的电荷倒灌至所述电感型升压转换器的输入端。
其中，所述传输电路包括电感和二极管，所述传输电路的电感的一端与所述电感型升压转换器的输入端相连接，所述电感的另一端与所述二极管的正极相连接；所述充电电路包括至少一个电容，所述至少一个电容中的各个电容相互并联，所述充电电路的并联输出端作为所述电感型升压转换器的输出端；
所述传输电路传输电荷至所述充电电路，所述充电电路存储所述传输电路传输的电荷并产生输出电压，所述输出电压的电压值高于所述输入端的输入电压的电压值。
其中，所述检测电路包括光耦合器，所述光耦合器包括发光二极管和三极管，所述发光二极管的正极与所述传输电路的二极管的负极相连接，所述发光二极管的负极与所述充电电路的输入端相连接；
所述发光二极管检测所述传输电路输入的电流是否为所述短路电流，当检测结果为是时，所述发光二级管发送光信号触发所述三极管产生光电流，以导通所述三极管。
其中，所述三极管为NPN管，所述三极管的基极由所述发光二级管控制，所述三极管的集电极接入恒定电压，所述三极管的发射极为所述检测电路的第二输出端，与所述控制电路的输入端相连接；
当所述三极管接收到所述光信号时，产生所述光电流并将所述光电流输入至所述控制电路的输入端。
其中，所述控制电路包括分流电阻、比较器和场效应管，所述分流电阻的一端与所述地极相连接，所述分流电阻的另一端与所述检测电路的第二输出端相连接；
所述分压电阻对流入所述控制电路的输入端的所述光电流进行分流。
其中，所述比较器包括同相输入端、反相输入端、接恒定电压端、接地端以及输出端，所述比较器的反相输入端与所述检测电路的第二输出端相连接， 所述比较器的同相输入端接入基准电压，所述比较器的输出端与所述场效应管的栅极相连；
所述比较器的反相输入端在接收到分流后的所述光电流时，所述比较器比较所述比较器的反相输入端的电压与所述基准电压的大小，当所述比较器的反相输入端的电压大于所述基准电压时，所述比较器的输出端输出低电平至所述场效应管的栅极。
其中，所述场效应管为P沟道增强型场效应管，所述场效应管的漏极连接至所述充电电路，所述场效应管的源极连接至所述地极；
当所述场效应管接收到所述比较器输出的所述低电平时，所述场效应管关闭，断开所述充电电路与所述地极的连接，防止所述充电电路存储的电荷倒灌至所述电感型升压转换器的输入端。
其中，当检测结果为否时，所述比较器的反相输入端的电压小于所述基准电压，所述比较器的输出端输出高电平，将所述充电电路连接至所述地极，以使所述充电电路存储所述传输电路传输的电荷并产生所述输出电压。
其中，所述电感型升压转换器的输入端为脉冲宽度调制PWM发生器。
本发明实施例第二方面提供一种电感型升压转换器，包括第一方面提供的所述保护电路。
在本发明实施例中，通过检测电路检测传输电路输入的电流是否为短路电流，并当检测结果为是时，控制电路断开充电电路与地极的连接，从而有效地防止充电电路存储的电荷倒灌至输入端，避免烧坏输入端的集成电路，提高电感型升压转化器的安全性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种保护电路的结构示意图；
图2为常用的电感型升压转换器的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的另一中保护电路的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种保护电路的电路图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的一种电感型升压转换器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参见图1，为本发明实施例提供的一种保护电路的结构示意图，所述保护电路包括检测电路2和控制电路3，所述检测电路2和所述控制电路3连接在常用电感型升压电路中的传输电路1和充电电路4之间。所述常见电感型升压电路的具体结构示意图请参见图2。
所述检测电路2的输入端与所述传输电路1的输出端相连接，所述检测电路2的第一输出端与所述充电电路4的输入端相连接，所述检测电路2的第二输出端与所述控制电路3的输入端相连接。
具体实现中，所述检测电路2连接在所述传输电路1和所述充电电路4之间，具体的，所述检测电路2的输入端与所述传输电路1的输出端相连接。所述检测电路2包括第一输出端和第二输出端，其中，所述检测电路2的第一输出端与所述充电电路4的输入端相连接，所述检测电路2的第二输出端与所述控制电路3的输入端相连接。所述传输电路1和所述充电电路4的具体结构请参见图2所示的常用电感型升压电路的结构示意图。
请参见图2，所述传输电路1包括电感11、二极管12和控制开关13。所述电感11为将电能和磁场能相互转换的能量转换器件，当所述控制开关13闭合时，所述电感11将电能转换为磁场能储存起来，当所述控制开关13断开时所述电感11将存储的磁场能转换为电能，且该电能在和输入端输入的电压叠加后通过所述二极管12和所述充电电路中的电容41的滤波后得到平滑的直流电压提供给输出端，由于这个电压是由输入端的电压和所述电感11的磁砀能转换为电能叠加后形成的，因此输出端的电压高于输入端的电压，所述常用电 感型升压转换器完成升压过程。所述二极管12的正极与所述电感11的输出端相连接，所述二极管12的负极与所述电容41相连接。
可选的，所述二极管12为肖特基二极管，主要起隔离作用，即在所述控制开关闭合时，所述二极管12的正极电压比负极电压低，此时所述二极管12反偏截止，使所述电感11的储能过程不影响所述电容41对输出端的正常供电。因为在所述控制开关13断开时，两种叠加后的能量通过二极向负载供电，此时所述二极管12正向导通，要求其正向压降越小越好，尽量使更多的能量供给到输出端。但是一旦所述二极管12发生短路，产生短路电流，此时所述二极管12反向导通，在电路中相当于一根导线，所述电容41中存储的电荷就或通过电感倒灌至输入端，烧坏输入端中的集成电路，因此本发明实施例在所述传输电路1与所述充电电路4之间增加所述检测电路2和所述控制电路3，以防止所述充电电路中的电荷倒灌至输入端。
所述检测电路2检测所述传输电路1输入的电流是否为短路电流，当检测结果为是时，将所述检测结果传输至所述控制电路3，所述控制电路3断开所述充电电路4与地极的连接，防止所述充电电路4存储的电荷倒灌至所述电感型升压转换器的输入端。
具体实现中，所述检测电路2检测所述传感电路1输入的电流是否为短路电路。当检测结果为是时，所述保护电路将所述检测结果传输至所述控制电路3，所述控制电路3根据所述检测结果断开所述充电电路4与地极的连接，使得所述充电电路4处于悬空状态，从而防止所述充电电路4存储的电荷倒灌至所述电感型升压转换器的输入端。当所述检测结果为否时，所述充电电路4存储所述传输电路1输入的电荷，正常充电以输出电压值高于输入电压的输出电压。
在本发明实施例中，通过检测电路检测传输电路输入的电流是否为短路电流，并当检测结果为是时，控制电路断开充电电路与地极的连接，从而有效地防止充电电路存储的电荷倒灌至输入端，避免烧坏输入端的集成电路，提高电感型升压转化器的安全性。
请参见图3，为本发明实施例提供的另一种保护电路的结构示意图，图3 是对图1所示保护电路的更进一步描述。所述保护电路中的检测电路2包括发光二级管21和三极管22，所述保护电路中的控制电路3包括分流电阻31、比较器32和场效应管33。
传输电路1包括电感11和二极管12，所述电感11的一端与所述电感型升压转换器的输入端相连接，所述电感11的另一端与所述二极管12的正极相连接。在本发明实施例中所述充电电路4内不止一个电容，包括至少一个电容，对应图3中的电容41到电容4N，所述至少一个电容中的各个电容相互并联，所述充电电路4的并联输出端作为所述电感型升压转换器的输出端。所述传输电路1还包括控制开关，未在图3中标注，所述控制开关的作用与图2所示的控制开关13相同。可选的，所述电感型升压转换器的输入端为脉冲宽度调制PWM发生器。可选的，可将控制开关集成在所述PWM发生器中。
所述传输电路1传输电荷至所述充电电路4，所述充电电路存储所述传输电路传输的电荷并产生输出电压，所述输出电压的电压值高于所述输入端的输入电压的电压值。
所述检测电路2为光耦合器，所述光耦合器包括发光二极管21和三极管22，所述发光二极管21的正极与所述传输电路1的所述二极管12的负极相连接，所述发光二极管21的负极与所述充电电路4的输入端相连接。可选的，所述三极管22为光敏三极管。
具体实现中，所述发光二极管21检测所述传输电路1输入的电流是否为所述短路电流，可以理解的是所述发光二极管21检测所述二极管12是否发生短路，当所述二极管12发生短路时，所述发光二极管21可检测到短路电路。具体的，在所述光耦合器中，当流过所述发光二极管21的电流值大于预设阈值时，触发所述发光二极管发光，产生光能照射到所述三极管22上，所述三极管22在接收到光能时通过光电效应产生光电流，以导通所述三极管22。一般情况下，所述二极管12的短路电流可触发所述发光二极管21发光。当所述发光二极管21的检测结果为是时，所述发光二级管21发送光信号触发所述三极管产生光电流，以导通所述三极管。
其中，所述三极管为NPN管，所述三极管22的基极由所述发光二级管控制，所述三极管22的集电极接入恒定电压，所述三极管22的发射极为所述检 测电路2的第二输出端，与所述控制电路3的输入端相连接。
具体实现中，当所述三极管22接收到所述光信号时，产生所述光电流并将所述光电流输入至所述控制电路的输入端。
所述控制电路3包括分流电阻31、比较器32和场效应管33，所述分流电阻31的一端与所述地极相连接，所述分流电阻31的另一端与所述检测电路的第二输出端相连接。所述分压电阻31对流入所述控制电路3的输入端的所述光电流进行分流。
其中，所述比较器32包括同相输入端、反相输入端、接恒定电压端、接地端以及输出端，所述比较器32的反相输入端与所述检测电路2的第二输出端相连接，所述比较器32的同相输入端接入基准电压，所述比较器32的输出端与所述场效应管的栅极相连。
具体实现中，所述比较器32的反相输入端在接收到分流后的所述光电流时，所述比较器32比较所述比较器的反相输入端的电压与所述基准电压的大小，当所述比较器32的反相输入端的电压大于所述基准电压时，所述比较器32的输出端输出低电平至所述场效应管33的栅极。
其中，所述场效应管33为P沟道增强型场效应管，所述场效应管33的漏极连接至所述充电电路4，所述场效应管33的源极连接至所述地极；
具体实现中，当所述场效应管33接收到所述比较器32输出的所述低电平时，所述场效应管33关闭，从而断开所述充电电路4与所述地极的连接，防止所述充电电路4存储的电荷倒灌至所述电感型升压转换器的输入端。
当所述检测结果为否时，所述比较器32的反相输入端无电压输入，因此所述比较器32的反相输入端的电压小于所述基准电压，所述比较器32的输出端输出高电平，将所述充电电路4连接至所述地极，以使所述充电电路4存储所述传输电路1传输的电荷并产生所述输出电压。
请参见图4，为本发明实施例提供的一种保护电路的电路图，虚线部分即为所述保护电路所使用的元器件，包括光耦合器G、分流电阻R、比较器B和场效应管Q。
光耦合器G串联在二极管D和并联电容组之间，所述并联电容组包括C1、 C2和C3。所述光耦合器G中的发光二极管的正极与所述二极管D的负极相连接，所述光耦合器G中的发光二极管的负极与所述并联电容组的输入端相连接。所述光耦合器G中的三极管的基极接收所述发光二极管发送的光信号，所述光耦合器G中的三极管的发射极与所述比较器B的反相输入端相连接，所述光耦合器G中的三极管的集电极接恒定电压VCC。其中，所述耦合器G中的三极管的发射极即为图3所示实施例中的检测电路的第二输出端，所述光耦合器G中的发光二极管的负极即为即为图3所示实施例中的检测电路的第一输出端，所述光耦合器G中的发光二极管的正极即为即为图3所示实施例中的检测电路的输入端。
所述分流电阻R的一端与所述耦合器G中的三极管的发射极相连接，所述分流电阻R的另一端与地极相连接。
所述比较器B的正相输入端接基准电压VREF，所述VREF在不同的电路中取值不同，但是所述VREF为一个定值。所述比较器B还包括接恒定电压端和接地端，所述接恒定电压端接入恒定电压VCC，所述比较器B的接地端与所述场效应管Q的源极一同接入地极。
所述电感L和所述二极管D组成的电路对应于图3所示实施例中的所述传输电路1，所述并联电容组对应于图3所示实施例中的所述充电电路4。
在工作中，当所述二极管D发生短路时，产生短路电流传输至所述光耦合器G中的发光二极管，所述短路电流高于触发所述发光二极管发光的电流阈值，因此所述发光二极管在检测到所述短路电流时，产生光信号照射在所述光耦合器G中的三极管，所述三极管将光能转化为电能产生光电流，并使所述三极管处于导通状态，所述三极管便通过发射极将所述光电流传输至所述分流电阻R和所述比较器B。
当所述光电流较大时，所述分流电阻R对所述光电流进行分流，避免大电流损伤所述比较器B。分流后的另一部分光电流传输至所述比较器的反相输入端，所述比较器B比较反相输入端的电压与所述VREF的大小，当所述反相输入端的电压小于所述VREF时，所述比较器的输出端输出高电平；当所述反相输入端的电压大于所述VREF时，所述比较器的输出端输出低电平。在本发明实施例中，当所述二级管D短路时，所述比较器B的反相输入端的电压 大于所述VREF，从而使得所述比较器B的输出端输出低电平至所述场效应管Q的栅极。
所述场效应管Q为P沟道增强型场效应管，所述场效应管Q的源极与地级相连接，所述场效应管Q的漏极与所述并联电容组相连接。所述场效应管Q控制所述并联电容组与所述地级的连接。当所述场效应管Q处于导通状态时，所述并联电容组与所述地级相连接；当所述场效应管Q处于关闭状态时，即截止状态时，所述并联电容组与所述地级之间的连接断开，所述并联电容组处于悬空状态，所述并联电容组存储的电荷将不会向所述电感L的方向移动。当所述场效应管Q的栅极与源极的电压Vgs小于预设值时，所述场效应管Q导通，通常所述预设值为负值。
当所述场效应管Q的栅极接收到所述比较器B的输出端输出的低电平时，由于所述场效应管Q的源极与所述地级相连接，因此Vg与Vs的电压均为零，使得此时的Vgs大于所述预设值，所述场效应管处于关闭状态，使得所述并联电容组与所述地极之间的连接断开处于悬空状态，使得所述并联电容组存储的电荷无法倒灌至所述电感型升压转换器的输入端。
当所述二极管D正常工作时，所述光耦合器G中的发光二极管不发光，所述光耦合器G中的三极管便不会产生所述光电流，所述比较器B的反相输入端的电压便为零，小于所述VREF，因此所述比较器B的输出端输出高电平至所述场效应管Q的栅极，使得所述场效应管Q处于导通状态，从而将所述并联电容组连接至与所述地级。此时所述并联电容组可以正常存储所述电感传输的电荷并产生输出电压。
在本发明实施例中，通过增加光耦合器、分流电阻、比较器和场效应管，能够防止并联电容组存储的电荷倒灌至输入端，避免烧坏输入端的集成电路，提高电感型升压转化器的安全性。
请参见图5，为本发明实施例提供的一种电感型升压转换器的结构示意图，所述电感型升压转换器包括PWM发生器、传输电路5、保护电路6、充电电路7以及输出端。
所述PWM发生器为所述电感型升压转换器提供输入电压，PWM发生器 是在控制电路输出频率不变的情况下，通过电压反馈调整其占空比，从而为所述电感型升压转换器所处的电路提供稳定的电压。
所述传输电路5和所述充电电路7的具体结构和实现过程可参见图2所示实施例中的所述传输电路1和所述充电电路4的描述，在此不再赘述。
所述保护电路6的具体结构和实现过程可参见图3所示实施例中的所述保护电路的具体描述，在此不再赘述。
图5所示实施例提供的电感型升压转换器可以有效地防止充电电路存储的电荷倒灌至PWM发生器中，避免倒灌电流烧坏PWM发生器内部的集成电路，从而提高电感型升压转换器的安全性。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的程序可存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中，所述的存储介质可为磁碟、光盘、只读存储记忆体(Read-Only Memory，ROM)或随机存储记忆体(Random Access Memory，RAM)等。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，因此依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种保护电路，应用于电感型升压转换器中，所述电感型升压转换器包括传输电路和充电电路，其特征在于：
    所述保护电路包括检测电路和控制电路，所述检测电路的输入端与所述传输电路的输出端相连接，所述检测电路的第一输出端与所述充电电路的输入端相连接，所述检测电路的第二输出端与所述控制电路的输入端相连接；
    所述检测电路检测所述传输电路输入的电流是否为短路电流，当检测结果为是时，将所述检测结果传输至所述控制电路，所述控制电路断开所述充电电路与地极的连接，防止所述充电电路存储的电荷倒灌至所述电感型升压转换器的输入端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的保护电路，其特征在于，所述传输电路包括电感和二极管，所述传输电路的电感的一端与所述电感型升压转换器的输入端相连接，所述电感的另一端与所述二极管的正极相连接；所述充电电路包括至少一个电容，所述至少一个电容中的各个电容相互并联，所述充电电路的并联输出端作为所述电感型升压转换器的输出端；
    所述传输电路传输电荷至所述充电电路，所述充电电路存储所述传输电路传输的电荷并产生输出电压，所述输出电压的电压值高于所述输入端的输入电压的电压值。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的保护电路，其特征在于，所述检测电路包括光耦合器，所述光耦合器包括发光二极管和三极管，所述发光二极管的正极与所述传输电路的二极管的负极相连接，所述发光二极管的负极与所述充电电路的输入端相连接；
    所述发光二极管检测所述传输电路输入的电流是否为所述短路电流，当检测结果为是时，所述发光二级管发送光信号触发所述三极管产生光电流，以导通所述三极管。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的保护电路，其特征在于，所述三极管为NPN管，所述三极管的基极由所述发光二级管控制，所述三极管的集电极接入恒定电压，所述三极管的发射极为所述检测电路的第二输出端，与所述控制电路的输入端相连接；
    当所述三极管接收到所述光信号时，产生所述光电流并将所述光电流输入至所述控制电路的输入端。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的保护电路，其特征在于，所述控制电路包括分流电阻、比较器和场效应管，所述分流电阻的一端与所述地极相连接，所述分流电阻的另一端与所述检测电路的第二输出端相连接；
    所述分压电阻对流入所述控制电路的输入端的所述光电流进行分流。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的保护电路，其特征在于，所述比较器包括同相输入端、反相输入端、接恒定电压端、接地端以及输出端，所述比较器的反相输入端与所述检测电路的第二输出端相连接，所述比较器的同相输入端接入基准电压，所述比较器的输出端与所述场效应管的栅极相连；
    所述比较器的反相输入端在接收到分流后的所述光电流时，所述比较器比较所述比较器的反相输入端的电压与所述基准电压的大小，当所述比较器的反相输入端的电压大于所述基准电压时，所述比较器的输出端输出低电平至所述场效应管的栅极。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的保护电路，其特征在于，所述场效应管为P沟道增强型场效应管，所述场效应管的漏极连接至所述充电电路，所述场效应管的源极连接至所述地极；
    当所述场效应管接收到所述比较器输出的所述低电平时，所述场效应管关闭，断开所述充电电路与所述地极的连接，防止所述充电电路存储的电荷倒灌至所述电感型升压转换器的输入端。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的保护电路，其特征在于，当检测结果为否时， 所述比较器的反相输入端的电压小于所述基准电压，所述比较器的输出端输出高电平，将所述充电电路连接至所述地极，以使所述充电电路存储所述传输电路传输的电荷并产生所述输出电压。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的保护电路，其特征在于，所述电感型升压转换器的输入端为脉冲宽度调制PWM发生器。
  10. 一种电感型升压转换器，包括所述传输电路和所述充电电路，其特征在于，还包括权利要求1-9任一项所述保护电路。
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