WO2016090521A1 - 具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板 - Google Patents

具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016090521A1
WO2016090521A1 PCT/CN2014/001116 CN2014001116W WO2016090521A1 WO 2016090521 A1 WO2016090521 A1 WO 2016090521A1 CN 2014001116 W CN2014001116 W CN 2014001116W WO 2016090521 A1 WO2016090521 A1 WO 2016090521A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
body portion
main body
dental implant
guide
upper edge
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PCT/CN2014/001116
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈俊龙
林振义
Original Assignee
陈俊龙
林振义
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Application filed by 陈俊龙, 林振义 filed Critical 陈俊龙
Priority to PCT/CN2014/001116 priority Critical patent/WO2016090521A1/zh
Publication of WO2016090521A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016090521A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C5/00—Filling or capping teeth
    • A61C5/70—Tooth crowns; Making thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dental implant guide plate required for dental implants, in particular to a dental implant guide plate having a temporary crown and a temporary denture function.
  • the method of implant treatment is to first extract the tooth. After three months, the wound is healed and another operation is performed to push the sinus and bone powder. Then, the upper jaw bone is opened by a surgical procedure, and then the bone powder is filled. After the completion of the bone powder, wait three to six months before the implant surgery (implant, or artificial root) is performed, and the implant is implanted into the alveolar bone in the oral cavity. Finally, wait three to six months, install the crown and complete the entire implant procedure.
  • the traditional dental implant treatment takes about a year and a half.
  • the method of implanting the teeth and the changes in the subtle steps may be different depending on the actual dental condition of the patient or the habits of the dentist; however, no matter which implant operation is performed, the doctor will implant the implant When entering the alveolar bone, you must risk the nerves that are drilled into the sinus or lower jaw of the upper jaw; that is, once the sinus or nerve vessels of the patient are drilled, the patient is paralyzed, and the face is heavy. Oh, no Often dangerous. Therefore, before performing dental implant surgery, the dentist can reduce the risk of implants and improve the success rate of implants by computerized tomography images and Dental surgical guides.
  • dental implant guides require computerized tomography, dental design software, and 3D printing machines to design, produce, and produce a dental implant guide.
  • the dental guide has only guide and control implants. The function of drilling angle and drilling depth, therefore, the cost of the dental guide is higher, but only has a single function of guiding, so it cannot be widely promoted and used. At this time, if the patient needs to add a temporary crown, it will further increase the cost.
  • the main object of the present invention is to allow the dental implant guide to simultaneously have the function of a temporary crown.
  • the present invention provides a dental implant guide having a temporary crown function, comprising a main body portion, at least one guide ring and at least one abradable or resectable side wing portion, the main body portion being movable
  • the guiding ring is disposed at a side of the at least one adjacent tooth
  • the guiding ring is disposed at the main body portion
  • the side wing portion is coupled to the main body portion, and extends outwardly and abuts or attaches the adjacent tooth.
  • the dental guide having the temporary crown function as described above, wherein the axial direction of the guide ring is inclined with the main body portion.
  • a dental implant guide having a temporary crown function as described above, wherein when the main body portion is disposed on a side of the adjacent tooth, the lower edge of the main body portion is connected to the gum or alveolar bone of the patient, or the main body portion The lower edge is separated from the patient's gums or alveolar bone by a gap.
  • a dental implant guide having a temporary crown function as described above, wherein when the main body portion is disposed on a side of the adjacent tooth, the lower edge of the guide ring is connected to a patient's gum or alveolar bone, or the guide The lower edge of the lead ring is spaced from the patient's gum or alveolar bone by a gap.
  • a dental implant guide having a temporary crown function as described above, wherein when the main body portion is disposed at a side of the adjacent tooth, an upper edge position of the main body portion or an upper edge position of the guide ring is lower than the adjacent tooth The position of the top.
  • the dental organ guide plate having a temporary crown function as described above, wherein the upper edge position of the guide ring is lower than the upper edge position of the main body portion or the same as the upper edge position of the main body portion.
  • the dental implant guide having the temporary crown function as described above, wherein the lower edge position of the guide ring is higher than the lower edge position of the main body portion or the same as the lower edge position of the main body portion.
  • a dental implant guide having a temporary crown function as described above, wherein the side flap portion and the main body portion Included is at least one marking symbol located at the periphery of the side flap or the upper edge of the body portion.
  • the dental guide plate having a temporary crown function as described above, wherein the side wing portion includes a covering area and a wear removing area, the wear removing area corresponding to an upper edge of the adjacent tooth, the covering area corresponding to the adjacent side a side edge of the tooth; when the body portion is disposed at a side of the adjacent tooth, the upper edge position of the covering portion is lower than the position of the top of the adjacent tooth, or substantially the same as the position of the top of the adjacent tooth.
  • the dental guide plate having a temporary crown function as described above, wherein the side wing portion includes a covering area and a wear removing area, the wear removing area corresponding to an upper edge of the adjacent tooth, the covering area corresponding to the adjacent side a side of the tooth; when the main body portion is disposed at a side of the adjacent tooth, the upper edge position of the main body portion or the upper edge position of the guiding ring is lower than the upper edge of the covering portion.
  • the dental guide plate having the temporary crown function of the present invention can guide the direction and angle of the implant, and control the drilling depth of the dental handpiece and the drill portion, and the main body and the guide.
  • the lead ring can also be used as a temporary crown or temporary denture to achieve a beautiful appearance, to mask the gingival effect of the gums, and to prevent food contact and invasion into the wound of the gum 94.
  • the dental implant guide has the dual functions of “planting tooth guide” and “temporary denture”, which facilitates the promotion and use of the dental implant guide.
  • FIG. 1A to 8 are schematic views showing the use of the dental implant guide according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a dental implant guide according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a dental implant guide according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11A to 11C are schematic structural views and a use state diagram of a dental implant guide according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view and a use state diagram of a dental implant guide according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view and a use state diagram of a dental implant guide according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view and a use state diagram of a dental implant guide according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • 15A to 15B are schematic structural views and a use state diagram of a dental implant guide according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 16A to 16B are schematic structural views and a use state diagram of a dental implant guide according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1A to FIG. 8 are schematic diagrams showing the operation of the dental implant guide according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dental implant guide 1 of the present invention can be applied to a 5-in-1 dental implant or a general dental implant surgery.
  • a patient's mouth has a missing tooth portion 92, and the missing tooth portion 92 is intended to perform a dental implant operation through the dental implant guide plate 1.
  • the dental implant guide 1 includes a main body portion 11 , a guiding ring 13 and two side wings 15 .
  • the guiding ring 13 is disposed through the main body portion 11 , that is, the main body portion 11 covers or surrounds the side or the periphery of the guiding ring 13 , so that between the main body portion 11 or the guiding ring 13 A through hole 17 can be formed.
  • the side flaps 15 are respectively connected to the left side and the right side of the main body portion 11, and the left side flap portion 15 and the right side flap portion 15 are respectively extended to the outside of the left and right sides (see FIG. 1B);
  • the portion 15 is made of an abradable material, including but not limited to materials such as resin, plastic, rubber or multi-molecular polymer; therefore, the side flaps 15 can be worn away, cut away or removed.
  • the dental implant guide 1 is moved downward so that the dental implant guide 1 approaches the periphery of the adjacent teeth 93 in the oral cavity, that is, the main body portion 11 is moved downward to set the main body portion 11 On the side of at least one adjacent tooth 93 (the present embodiment shows two adjacent teeth 93).
  • the main body portion 11 of the dental implant guide 1 is placed in the middle of the two adjacent teeth 93, so that the lower edge of the main body portion 11 can be associated with the guide ring 13
  • the lower edge is adjacent to or against the patient's gum 94.
  • the dental implant guide 1 is attached to the periphery of the adjacent tooth 93, the lower edge of the main body portion 11 and the guide ring 13 will abut the gum 94; In other embodiments, if the gums are 94 things When the body portion 11 and the lower end of the guide ring 13 are directly cut, the alveolar bone 95 is directly abutted. Further, the side flap portion 15 is abutted or attached to the upper side of the adjacent tooth 93. In this way, the dental implant guide 1 can be firmly fixed on the gum 94 or the alveolar bone 95 by the close attachment or abutment of the adjacent teeth 93 of the left and right wings 15 so as not to be gently shaken. Shake.
  • the lower edge of the main body portion 11 is spaced from the patient's gum 94.
  • the gap H1 (the lower edge of the main body portion 11 and the alveolar bone 95 of the patient may be separated by a gap H1 if the gingival 94 is cut in advance); in addition, the lower edge of the guiding ring 13 may be associated with the patient
  • the gums 94 are separated from each other by a gap H2 (if the gums 94 are previously cut, the lower edge of the guide ring 13 is spaced apart from the patient's alveolar bone 95 by a gap H2).
  • the guiding ring 13 is disposed at the lowermost portion of the main body portion 11.
  • the lower edge of the guiding ring 13 is at the same height as the lower edge of the main body portion 11, and therefore, the size of the gap H1 is equal to The size of the gap H2.
  • the gap H1 and the gap H2 have a size of about 1 mm.
  • the position of the upper edge of the guide ring 13 is lower than the position of the upper edge of the main body portion 11, so that the guide ring 13 is not visible from the outside of the implant guide 1 (see Fig. 2A).
  • the position of the upper edge of the main body portion 11 and the position of the upper edge of the guide ring 13 are both lower than the position of the top of the adjacent tooth 93 (see Fig. 2B).
  • the lower edge of the main body portion 11 or the guiding ring 13 can also be connected to or against the gum 94 of the patient (if the gingival 94 is cut in advance, the gingival 94 will be reached or abutted.
  • the alveolar bone 95 that is, the gap H1 and the gap H2 have a size of zero.
  • a handpiece 81 includes a stop portion 86 and a drill portion 82 having a diameter greater than the diameter of the drill portion 82.
  • the dental implant guide 1 is fixed to the periphery of the adjacent tooth 93, the dental handpiece 81 can be used, and the stop portion 86 of the handpiece 81 and the drill portion 82 are aligned with the main body portion 11 or the guide ring 13 A through hole 17 is provided for drilling downward.
  • the stop portion 86 and the drill portion 82 are drilled downward, as shown in FIG. 4, the stop portion 86 is guided by the guide ring 13, that is, the drill can be drilled at a correct angle.
  • the drill portion 82 has a force of cutting and drilling, and the alveolar bone 95 can be cut to drill the drill portion 82 downward. Then, since the diameter of the stop portion 86 is larger than the diameter of the drill portion 82, and the stop portion 86 does not have the force of downward cutting, when the stop portion 86 touches the alveolar bone 95, Can't drill down again to achieve the "stop" effect. Therefore, the guiding ring 13 is used to control the direction and angle of the drill portion 82, and the stopping portion 86 is used to control the depth of the downward drilling, so the dentist can select the drill portion 82 of a suitable length.
  • the drilling operation before implanting is performed in accordance with the dental implant conditions of individual patients (ie, the thickness of different alveolar bones 95).
  • the alveolar bone 95 has been hollowed out.
  • a hole 96 is formed.
  • the drilling operation by the handpiece 81 can be performed in one drilling, or the drilling operation can be performed on the drill portion 82 having different diameters.
  • a dental implant 83 can be implanted into the alveolar bone 95 to interlock and fit the dental implant 83 and the alveolar bone 95.
  • the condition in which the implant 83 is implanted in the alveolar bone 95 is as shown in FIG. 6, and the top of the implant 83 is aligned with the upper edge of the gingival 94.
  • the implant 83 is locked into the alveolar bone 95.
  • the top of the implant 83 can also be aligned with the upper edge of the alveolar bone 95.
  • the side flap portions 15 on both sides of the main body portion 11 are cut off or abraded by the grinding unit 84, leaving only the main body portion 11 and the guide ring 13 at the periphery of the adjacent teeth 93.
  • an adhesive member 85 is inserted between the through holes 17, and the through holes 17 are filled or blocked. In this way, since the upper edge position of the main body portion 11 and the upper edge position of the guide ring 13 are both lower than the position of the top of the adjacent tooth 93 (refer to FIG. 2B), the side wings 15 are cut off or worn away.
  • the two adjacent teeth 93 can be exposed; thus, when the patient uses the adjacent teeth 93 to bite the food, the body portion 11 and the guiding ring 13 are not pressed, squeezed, and pushed. That is to say, the main body portion 11 between the adjacent teeth 93 can have the function of temporary crowns and temporary dentures to prevent the adjacent teeth 93 on the left and right sides from collapsing in the middle (because if there is missing teeth, the gums 94 will shrink), and has a beautiful appearance, shielding the gingival effect of the gums 94, and can also prevent food from contacting and invading the wound of the gum 94.
  • the dental implant guide 1 can guide the direction and angle of the implant, and control the drilling depth of the dental handpiece 81 and the drill portion 82, and the main body portion 11 and the guide ring 13 are further It can be used as a temporary crown and a temporary denture to achieve a beautiful appearance and to mask the esthetic effect of the gums 94. It can also prevent food from coming into contact with the wound of the gum 94. In this way, the dental implant guide 1 has the dual functions of “planting guide” and “temporary denture”, which facilitates the promotion and use of the dental guide 1 .
  • the above embodiment only shows a guiding ring 13, but in other embodiments, the body portion 11 can also be provided with more than two guides according to the number of implants 83 to be implanted.
  • the ring 13 is used to guide drilling and implanting operations in different areas.
  • only one side wing portion 15 may be disposed on the periphery of the main body portion 11.
  • one side wing portion 15 is disposed on the left side of the main body portion 11, and a bracket, a fixing member or a covering member (not shown) is disposed on the right side, and the The bracket, the fixing member or the covering member extends, abuts or is fixed to the right adjacent tooth 93; thus, the dental implant guide 1 of this embodiment can also be fixed to the periphery of the certain adjacent tooth 93.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a dental implant guide according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dental implant guide 1 of the present embodiment is disposed obliquely, that is, the axial direction A1 of the guide ring 13 and the direction in which the main body portion 11 is disposed are at an angle ⁇ (ie, inclined).
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a dental implant guide according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dental implant guide 1 of the present embodiment further includes at least one indicator mark 12 between the side wing portion 15 and the main body portion 11, and the indicator mark 12 is located at the side wing portion 15 or the main body portion 11.
  • the indicator mark 12 may be a concave groove (as shown in this embodiment), may be a convex structure, or may be a drawing line or a color mark of the side wing portion 15 and the upper edge of the main body portion 11.
  • the cutting and grinding operations can be performed along the marking mark 12 to avoid being cut off or worn too much or too little.
  • the position of the upper edge of the guide ring 13 of the present embodiment is lower than the position of the upper edge of the main body portion 11.
  • FIG. 11A to FIG. 11C are schematic diagrams showing the structure and use of the dental implant guide according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the side flap portion 15 includes a covering portion 154 and a wear removing portion 155 corresponding to or disposed on the upper edge of the adjacent tooth 93, and the covering portion 154 corresponds to or It is disposed on the side of the adjacent tooth 93.
  • the wear removing unit 155 can be cut off or abraded by the cutting unit 84, leaving only the covering area 154 to be wrapped on the side of the adjacent tooth 93; as shown on the left side of FIG.
  • the cladding region 154 attaches or clamps the adjacent teeth 93 on the left side, while the cladding region 154 on the right side of FIG. 11C is being cut or worn away. In this way, when the wear removing area 155 is cut off and worn away, only the covering area 154 is left, and the covering portion 154 can be fixed between the adjacent teeth 93 by using the covering area 154 to increase the structure. Stability, stability, and prevent the dental implant guide 1 (acting as a temporary denture) from loosening and falling.
  • the upper edge position of the covering portion 154 is lower than the position of the top of the adjacent tooth 93.
  • the wear removing area 155 of the side flap portion 15 is cut, removed or worn away, the top of the left and right adjacent teeth 93 is exposed, and the food is knit by the adjacent teeth 93.
  • the upper edge position of the cladding region 154 may also be substantially the same as the position of the top of the adjacent tooth 93.
  • the position of the upper edge of the main body portion 11 or the position of the upper edge of the guiding ring 13 is also lower than the position of the upper edge of the covering portion 154, so that the overall body portion 11 is lower than the adjacent portion.
  • the top position of the tooth 93 is also lower than the upper edge position of the covering area 154, so when the adjacent tooth 93 is used for the biting, it is not pressed and pressed to the main body portion 11 of the dental implant guide 1. The probability of loosening and falling of the dental organ guide 1 is reduced.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view and a use state diagram of a dental implant guide according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the lower edge of the main body portion 11 is separated from the patient's gum 94 by a gap H1 (if the gum 94 is cut in advance, The lower edge of the main body portion 11 is spaced apart from the alveolar bone 95 of the patient by a gap H1), and the lower edge of the guiding ring 13 is separated from the patient's gum 94 by a gap H2 (if the gingival 94 is previously cut In the situation, the lower edge of the guiding ring 13 and the patient's alveolar bone 95 are separated by a gap H2).
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view and a use state diagram of a dental implant guide according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view and a use state diagram of a dental implant guide according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • the position of the lower edge of the guide ring 13 of the present embodiment is higher than the position of the lower edge of the main body portion 11, so that the gap H2 is larger than the gap H1.
  • the position of the upper edge of the guide ring 13 is lower than the position of the upper edge of the main body portion 11, and is also lower than the position of the top of the adjacent tooth 93.
  • FIG. 15A to FIG. 15B are schematic diagrams showing the structure and use of the dental implant guide according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the guide ring 13 of the present embodiment includes a tubular body portion 131 and a top sleeve portion 132.
  • the top sleeve portion 132 is bent outwardly from the upper end of the tubular body portion 131, such as As shown in Fig. 15A, the dentist can easily find the guide ring 13 and its top cover portion 132 in the patient's mouth, thereby quickly inserting the stop portion 86 and the drill portion 82 of the aforementioned handpiece 81 into the guide.
  • the inside of the top sleeve portion 132 and the tubular portion 131 of the ring 13 reduces the chance of mis-drilling, mis-drilling or finding the through-hole 17.
  • the position of the upper edge of the main body portion 11 and the position of the upper edge of the guide ring 13 of the present embodiment are higher than the top position of the side adjacent teeth 93.
  • the lower edge of the main body portion 11 and the lower edge of the guide ring 13 are both abutting Below the gums 94.
  • FIG. 16A to FIG. 16B are schematic diagrams showing the structure and use of the dental implant guide according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the side flap portion 15 of the dental implant guide 1 of the present embodiment includes a covering portion 154 and a wear removing portion 155
  • the guiding ring 13 includes a barrel portion 131 and a top sleeve portion 132.
  • the upper edge position of the covering area 154 is lower than the position of the top of the adjacent tooth 93, so that the topmost portion of the adjacent tooth 93 can be exposed to facilitate the chewing. food.
  • the dental organ guide plate 1 with the temporary crown function of the present invention has the dual functions of “planting tooth guide” and “temporary denture”, and is convenient for the promotion and use of the dental implant guide plate.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
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Abstract

一种具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板（1），其包括有一主体部（11）、至少一导引环（13）及至少一可磨耗或可切除的侧翼部（15），主体部（11）可活动地设置于至少一邻牙（93）的侧边，导引环（13）穿设于主体部（11），侧翼部（15）连接于主体部（11），且向外延伸并接抵或贴附邻牙（93）。该植牙导板具有"植牙导引"与"临时假牙"的双重功能。

Description

具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板 技术领域
本发明涉及一种牙科植牙所需的植牙导板，特别是关于一种具有临时牙冠、临时假牙功能的植牙导板。
背景技术
人们每天依赖牙齿进行饮食、咀嚼，以便维持生命。然而，每日使用后加上疏于保养、清洁，很容易造成蛀牙、掉牙的状况；因此，随着科技的发达，需要植牙的患者也越来越多，牙科诊所也如雨后春笋般，越开越多。
传统上，植牙治疗的方法就是要先拔牙，等到三个月后伤口愈合了再作一次手术来推鼻窦、补骨粉，然后，通过手术方式来将上颚骨磨开一个窗口，再将骨粉填入；等补完骨粉后再等三到六个月，才开始实施植牙体(implant，或称人工牙根)的植入手术，将该植牙体植入到口腔内的牙槽骨内。最后，再等三到六个月之后，装上牙冠，完成整个的植牙程序。一般而言，传统植牙法的疗程大约费时一年半的时间。
另外还有一种较为新式的五合一植牙；中国台湾专利申请号095140364的“具美容功效的五合一快速植牙方法”以及中国台湾专利申请号099119391的“五合一植牙方法及工具”，分别揭示了几种不同的五合一植牙方法。这个方法的精髓就在于将拔牙、推鼻窦、补骨粉、植牙、装临时牙冠这五个步骤在一次的疗程中完成；等到三到四个月的后就可以装上正式的假牙，所以使用五合一植牙法的疗程，大约只需费时半年，病人就可以使用新植入的假牙来吃东西。该五合一植牙法不仅侵入性低，成功率高，除了让病人少挨几次刀之外，更有效缩短了治疗的时间，非常实用。
事实上，植牙的方法跟细微步骤的变化，可能因病患的实际牙骨状况或牙医师的习惯差异，而有所不同；但无论是哪一种植牙手术，在医生将植牙体植入牙槽骨内时，都必须冒着钻到上颚的鼻窦或下颚的神经血管的风险；也就是说，一旦钻到病患的鼻窦或神经血管，病患轻则颜面麻痹，重则脸部瘫痪，非 常危险。所以，牙科医生在执行植牙手术前，通过电脑断层扫描影像、制作植牙导板(Dental surgical guide)，便可大幅降低植牙的风险，提升植牙的成功率。
一般而言，植牙导板需通过电脑断层扫描、牙科设计软体以及3D列印的机器，才能将一个植牙导板设计、生产、制作出来；而且，该植牙导板仅具有导引、控制植牙的钻入角度、钻入深度的功能，因此，植牙导板的成本较高，却只具有导引的单一功能，所以仍无法被大量地推广及使用。此时，若病患还需要再加装临时牙冠，则会更进一步地提高成本。
因此，如何让植牙导板同时具有临时牙冠的功能，这是本领域具有通常知识者亟待努力的目标。
发明内容
本发明主要目的在让植牙导板同时具有临时牙冠的功能。
为了解决上述及其他问题，本发明提供一种具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其包括有一主体部、至少一导引环及至少一可磨耗或可切除的侧翼部，该主体部可活动地设置于至少一邻牙的侧边，该导引环穿设于该主体部，该侧翼部连接于该主体部，且向外延伸并接抵或贴附该邻牙。
如上所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其中，该导引环的轴向与该主体部呈倾斜设置。
如上所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其中，当该主体部设置于该邻牙的侧边时，该主体部的下缘接抵病患的牙龈或牙槽骨，或者该主体部的下缘与病患的牙龈或牙槽骨相距一间隙。
如上所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其中，当该主体部设置于该邻牙的侧边时，该导引环的下缘接抵病患的牙龈或牙槽骨，或者该导引环的下缘与病患的牙龈或牙槽骨相距一间隙。
如上所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其中，当该主体部设置于该邻牙的侧边时，该主体部的上缘位置或该导引环的上缘位置低于该邻牙顶部的位置。
如上所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其中，该导引环的上缘位置低于该主体部的上缘位置，或与该主体部的上缘位置同高。
如上所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其中，该导引环的下缘位置高于该主体部的下缘位置，或与该主体部的下缘位置同高。
如上所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其中，该侧翼部与该主体部之间 包括有至少一标示记号，该标示记号位于该侧翼部或该主体部的上缘周边。
如上所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其中，该侧翼部包括有一包覆区及一磨耗去除区，该磨耗去除区对应于该邻牙的上缘，该包覆区对应于该邻牙的侧边；当该主体部设置于该邻牙的侧边时，该包覆区的上缘位置低于该邻牙顶部的位置，或实质上与该邻牙顶部的位置同高。
如上所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其中，该侧翼部包括有一包覆区及一磨耗去除区，该磨耗去除区对应于该邻牙的上缘，该包覆区对应于该邻牙的侧边；当该主体部设置于该邻牙的侧边时，该主体部的上缘位置或该导引环的上缘位置低于该包覆区上缘的位置。
如此，本发明所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，除了可以导引植牙钻入的方向、角度，并控制该牙科手机、钻头部的钻入深度之外，其主体部与该导引环还可以作为临时牙冠或临时假牙，达到美观、遮蔽牙龈的美齿效果，还可以阻止食物接触、入侵到该牙龈94的伤口处。如此，该植牙导板具有“植牙导引”与“临时假牙”的双重功能，便于植牙导板的推广与使用。
为使能更进一步了解本发明的特征及技术内容，请参阅以下有关本发明的详细说明与附图，然而所附图式仅提供参考与说明用，并非用来对本发明加以限制者。为使能更进一步了解本发明的特征及技术内容，请参阅以下有关本发明的详细说明与附图，然而所附图式仅提供参考与说明用，并非用来对本发明加以限制。
附图说明
图1A～图8所绘示为本发明第一实施例的植牙导板的使用动作示意图；
图9所绘示为本发明第二实施例的植牙导板的示意图；
图10所绘示为本发明第三实施例的植牙导板的示意图；
图11A～图11C所绘示为本发明第四实施例的植牙导板的结构示意图与使用状况图；
图12所绘示为本发明第五实施例的植牙导板的结构示意图与使用状况图；
图13所绘示为本发明第六实施例的植牙导板的结构示意图与使用状况图；
图14所绘示为本发明第七实施例的植牙导板的结构示意图与使用状况图；
图15A～图15B所绘示为本发明第八实施例的植牙导板的结构示意图与使用状况图；
图16A～图16B所绘示为本发明第九实施例的植牙导板的结构示意图与使用状况图。
附图标记说明：1-植牙导板；11-主体部；12-标示记号；13-导引环；131-筒身部；132-顶套部；15-侧翼部；154-包覆区；155-磨耗去除区；17-通孔；81-牙科手机；82-钻头部；83-植牙体；84-切磨单元；85-粘附件；86-止停部；92-缺牙处；93-邻牙；94-牙龈；95-牙槽骨；96-孔穴；A1-轴向；H1、H2-间隙；θ-角度。
具体实施方式
<第一实施例>
请参阅图1A～图8，图1A～图8所绘示为本发明第一实施例的植牙导板的使用动作示意图。本发明所述的植牙导板1，可适用于五合一植牙术或者一般的植牙手术。请先同时参阅图1A与图1B，一病患的口腔内具有一缺牙处92，该缺牙处92欲通过该植牙导板1来进行植牙手术。其中，该植牙导板1包括有一主体部11、一导引环13及两侧翼部15。该导引环13穿设于该主体部11，也即，该主体部11包覆或围绕于该导引环13的侧边或周边，因此，该主体部11或该导引环13之间即可形成一通孔17。两侧翼部15分别连接于该主体部11的左侧边与右侧边，使左边的侧翼部15与右边的侧翼部15均各别向左右两方的外侧延伸(参阅图1B)；该侧翼部15是可磨耗材质所制成，其材质包括但不限于树脂、塑胶、橡胶或多分子聚合物等材料；因此，该侧翼部15可被磨掉、切掉或去除。
为了进行植牙手术，需将该植牙导板1往下移动，使该植牙导板1靠近口腔内的邻牙93周边，也即，将该主体部11往下移动而使该主体部11设置于至少一邻牙93的侧边(本实施例绘示有两邻牙93)。移动之后，即如图2A与图2B所示，该植牙导板1的主体部11被置入于两邻牙93的中间，因此该主体部11的下缘即可与该导引环13的下缘同时邻靠或抵顶病患的牙龈94。在此，图2B的牙龈94未被切开，因此该植牙导板1安装于该邻牙93的周边时，该主体部11与该导引环13的下缘会抵顶该牙龈94；在其他实施例中，若该牙龈94事 先被切开，则该主体部11与该导引环13的下缘即会直接抵顶牙槽骨95。此外，该侧翼部15会接抵或贴附于该邻牙93的上方。如此一来，凭借两侧翼部15的紧密地贴附或接抵左右两边的邻牙93，即可使该植牙导板1稳固地固定在牙龈94或牙槽骨95上方，不会轻摇动、晃动。
如图2B所示，当该主体部11设置于两邻牙93之间时(或者设置于其中一邻牙93的侧边时)，该主体部11的下缘与病患的牙龈94相距一间隙H1(若事先切开牙龈94的状况下，该主体部11的下缘与病患的牙槽骨95会相距一间隙H1)；此外，该导引环13的下缘会与病患的牙龈94相距一间隙H2(若事先切开牙龈94的状况下，该导引环13的下缘与病患的牙槽骨95会相距一间隙H2)。在本实施例中，该导引环13被设置于该主体部11的最下方，该导引环13的下缘与该主体部11的下缘位于相同的高度，因此，间隙H1的大小等于间隙H2的大小。一般而言，该间隙H1、间隙H2的大小约为1mm。还有，该导引环13的上缘位置低于该主体部11的上缘位置，因此从该植牙导板1的外部即无法看见该导引环13(参阅图2A)。另，该主体部11的上缘位置与该导引环13的上缘位置均低于该邻牙93顶部的位置(参阅图2B)。
在其他实施例中，该主体部11或该导引环13的下缘也可以接抵或抵顶病患的牙龈94(若事先切开牙龈94的状况下，则会接抵或抵顶该牙槽骨95)，也即，该间隙H1、间隙H2的大小为零。
请参阅图3A与图3B，一牙科手机81包括有一止停部86及一钻头部82，该止停部86的直径大于该钻头部82的直径。当该植牙导板1固定于该邻牙93周边时，即可以利用该牙科手机81，以该牙科手机81的止停部86与钻头部82对准该主体部11或该导引环13之间的通孔17，用以向下钻入。其中，该止停部86及该钻头部82向下钻入之后，即如图4所示，该止停部86被该导引环13导引，即可以正确的角度来向下钻入，不会产生歪斜、倾斜的状况；此外，该钻头部82具有切削、钻入的力量，可对该牙槽骨95进行切削，使该钻头部82往下钻入。然后，因为该止停部86的直径大于该钻头部82的直径，且该止停部86不具有向下切削的力量，因此当该止停部86碰触到该牙槽骨95时，便无法再向下钻入，达到”止停”的效果。故，该导引环13用以控制该钻头部82钻入的方向、角度，该止停部86用以控制向下钻入的深度，所以牙科医生即可选择适合长度的钻头部82，来配合个别病患的植牙条件(即不同的牙槽骨95厚度)，执行植牙前的钻孔作业。钻孔完成后，即如图5所示，该牙槽骨95已被镂空而 形成一孔穴96。在此特别说明，利用牙科手机81进行钻孔作业，可以一次钻孔完成，也可以多次以不同直径大小的钻头部82来进行钻孔作业。
接下来，当该孔穴96被钻至适当的孔径时，即可将一植牙体83植入该牙槽骨95内，使该植牙体83与该牙槽骨95互相锁合、密合。该植牙体83被植入该牙槽骨95内的状况即如图6所示，该植牙体83的顶部对齐该牙龈94的上缘。在其他实施例中，该植牙体83锁入至该牙槽骨95内，当然该植牙体83的顶部也可以对齐该牙槽骨95的上缘。
然后，如图7所示，再利用一切磨单元84将该主体部11两侧的侧翼部15切除或磨掉，仅留下该主体部11及导引环13于该邻牙93的周边。最后，如图8所示，再将一粘附件85塞入该通孔17之间，把该通孔17填平或堵住。如此一来，因为该主体部11的上缘位置与该导引环13的上缘位置均低于该邻牙93顶部的位置(参阅图2B)，因此两侧翼部15被切除或磨耗掉后，两邻牙93即可露出来；如此，病患使用该邻牙93啮嚼食物时，就不会压迫、挤压、推挤到该主体部11与该导引环13。也就是说，在两邻牙93之间的主体部11，就可以具有临时牙冠、临时假牙的功能，用以防止左右两侧的邻牙93向中间倾塌(因为若有缺牙，该牙龈94会萎缩)，并具有美观、遮蔽牙龈94的美齿效果，还可以阻止食物接触、入侵到该牙龈94的伤口处。
如上所述，该植牙导板1除了可以导引植牙钻入的方向、角度，并控制该牙科手机81、钻头部82的钻入深度之外，其主体部11与该导引环13还可以作为临时牙冠、临时假牙，达到美观、遮蔽牙龈94的美齿效果，还可以阻止食物接触、入侵到该牙龈94的伤口处。如此，该植牙导板1具有”植牙导引”与”临时假牙”的双重功能，便于植牙导板1的推广与使用。
另外，上述实施例仅绘示一导引环13，但在其他实施例中，该主体部11内也可以依照所需植入的植牙体83数目的多寡，而设置二个以上的导引环13，用以分别导引不同区域的钻孔、植入作业。此外，该主体部11的周边也可以仅设置一个侧翼部15，例如，该主体部11左边设置一侧翼部15，右边设置一支架、固定件或包覆件(未绘示)，并使该支架、固定件或包覆件延伸、抵接或固定至该右边的邻牙93；如此，此一实施例的植牙导板1也可以固定在该某一邻牙93的周边。
<第二实施例>
请参阅图9，图9所绘示为本发明第二实施例的植牙导板的示意图。如图9 所示，本实施例的植牙导板1呈倾斜设置，也即，该导引环13的轴向A1与该主体部11设置的方向，夹有一角度θ(即呈倾斜设置)。
<第三实施例>
请参阅图10，图10所绘示为本发明第三实施例的植牙导板的示意图。如图10所示，本实施例的植牙导板1在该侧翼部15与主体部11之间，还包括有至少一标示记号12，该标示记号12位于该侧翼部15或该主体部11的上缘周边。其中，该标示记号12可以是凹入的槽沟(如本实施例所示)，可以是凸出的结构，也可以是该侧翼部15、主体部11上缘的画线或颜色标记。如此，当利用该切磨单元84将该侧翼部15切除、磨掉时，即可沿着该标示记号12而进行切除、磨掉作业，避免被切除、磨掉得太多或太少。另外，本实施例的导引环13的上缘位置低于该主体部11的上缘位置。
<第四实施例>
请参阅图11A～图11C，图11A～图11C所绘示为本发明第四实施例的植牙导板的结构示意图与使用状况图。如图11A～图11C所示，该侧翼部15包括有一包覆区154及一磨耗去除区155，该磨耗去除区155对应或设置于该邻牙93的上缘，该包覆区154对应或设置于该邻牙93的侧边。如此一来，即可利用该切磨单元84将该磨耗去除区155切除或磨掉，仅留下该包覆区154包覆在该邻牙93的侧边；如图11C的左边所示，该包覆区154贴附或夹持左边的邻牙93，而图11C右边的包覆区154正被切除或磨掉。如此一来，当该磨耗去除区155切掉、磨掉后，仅遗留下包覆区154，即可利用该包覆区154将该植牙导板1固定在两邻牙93之间，增加结构的稳定性、稳固性，并防止该植牙导板1(充当临时假牙)松脱、掉落。
此外，在本实施例中，如图11C所示，当该主体部11设置于该邻牙93的侧边时，该包覆区154的上缘位置低于该邻牙93顶部的位置，如此一来，当该侧翼部15的磨耗去除区155被切除、去除或磨掉时，即可露出左右邻牙93的顶部，并利用该邻牙93对食物进行啮嚼。当然在其他实施例中，该包覆区154的上缘位置也可以实质上与该邻牙93顶部的位置同高。还有，该主体部11的上缘位置或该导引环13的上缘位置也低于该包覆区154上缘的位置，如此一来，该主体部11的整体均会低于该邻牙93的顶部位置，也会低于该包覆区154的上缘位置，所以当利用该邻牙93进行啮嚼时，便不会压迫、挤压到该植牙导板1的主体部11，降低该植牙导板1松脱、掉落的机率。
<第五实施例>
请参阅图12，图12所绘示为本发明第五实施例的植牙导板的结构示意图与使用状况图。如图12所示，当该主体部11设置于该邻牙93的侧边时，该主体部11的下缘与病患的牙龈94相距一间隙H1(若事先切开牙龈94的状况下，该主体部11的下缘与病患的牙槽骨95会相距一间隙H1)，且该导引环13的下缘会与病患的牙龈94相距一间隙H2(若事先切开牙龈94的状况下，该导引环13的下缘与病患的牙槽骨95会相距一间隙H2)。在本实施例中，该主体部11下缘的位置与该导引环13下缘的位置同高，因此该间隙H1的大小等于间隙H2的大小；若在H1＝H2＝0的状况下，即表示该主体部11的下缘、导引环13的下缘均接抵病患的牙龈94。此外，该主体部11上缘的位置与该导引环13上缘的位置同高，该主体部11的上缘与该导引环13的上缘均低于该邻牙93顶部的位置。
<第六实施例>
请参阅图13，图13所绘示为本发明第六实施例的植牙导板的结构示意图与使用状况图。如图13所示，本实施例的导引环13下缘的位置高于该主体部11下缘的位置，因此间隙H2大于间隙H1。若在H1＝0的状况下，即表示该主体部11的下缘会接抵病患的牙龈94。
<第七实施例>
请参阅图14，图14所绘示为本发明第七实施例的植牙导板的结构示意图与使用状况图。如图14所示，本实施例的导引环13下缘的位置高于该主体部11下缘的位置，因此间隙H2大于间隙H1。还有，该导引环13上缘的位置低于该主体部11上缘的位置，也低于该邻牙93顶部的位置。
<第八实施例>
请参阅图15A～图15B，图15A～图15B所绘示为本发明第八实施例的植牙导板的结构示意图与使用状况图。如图15B所示，本实施例的导引环13包括有一筒身部131及一顶套部132，该顶套部132自该筒身部131上端向外弯折延伸，如此一来，如图15A所示，牙科医生即可在病患的口内轻易地发现该导引环13及其顶套部132，进而快速地将前述牙科手机81的止停部86、钻头部82插入该导引环13的顶套部132及筒身部131的内，降低误钻、错钻或找不到该通孔17的机率。另，本实施例的主体部11上缘的位置及导引环13上缘的位置均高于侧边邻牙93的顶部位置。还有，该主体部11下缘及导引环13下缘均抵顶其 下方的牙龈94。
<第九实施例>
请参阅图16A～图16B，图16A～图16B所绘示为本发明第九实施例的植牙导板的结构示意图与使用状况图。如图16A～图16B所示，本实施例植牙导板1的侧翼部15包括有包覆区154及磨耗去除区155，且该导引环13包括有筒身部131及顶套部132。当该磨耗去除区155被切除、磨掉之后，该包覆区154的上缘位置低于该邻牙93顶部的位置，故可使该邻牙93最顶端的部份露出来，方便啮嚼食物。
如此，本发明所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板1，具有“植牙导引”与“临时假牙”的双重功能，便于植牙导板的推广与使用，非常方便。
以上说明对本发明而言只是说明性的，而非限制性的，本领域普通技术人员理解，在不脱离权利要求所限定的精神和范围的情况下，可作出许多修改、变化或等效，但都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其特征在于，包括：
    一主体部(11)，可活动地设置于至少一邻牙(93)的侧边；
    至少一导引环(13)，穿设于该主体部(11)；
    至少一可磨耗或可切除的侧翼部(15)，连接于该主体部(11)，且向外延伸并接抵或贴附该邻牙(93)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其特征在于，该导引环(13)的轴向(A1)与该主体部(11)呈倾斜设置。
  3. 如权利要求1所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其特征在于，当该主体部(11)设置于该邻牙(93)的侧边时，该主体部(11)的下缘接抵病患的牙龈(94)或牙槽骨(95)，或者该主体部(11)的下缘与病患的牙龈(94)或牙槽骨(95)相距一间隙(H1)。
  4. 如权利要求1所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其特征在于，当该主体部(11)设置于该邻牙(93)的侧边时，该导引环(13)的下缘接抵病患的牙龈(94)或牙槽骨(95)，或者该导引环(13)的下缘与病患的牙龈(94)或牙槽骨(95)相距一间隙(H2)。
  5. 如权利要求1所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其特征在于，当该主体部(11)设置于该邻牙(93)的侧边时，该主体部(11)的上缘位置或该导引环(13)的上缘位置低于该邻牙(93)顶部的位置。
  6. 如权利要求1所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其特征在于，该导引环(13)的上缘位置低于该主体部(11)的上缘位置，或与该主体部(11)的上缘位置同高。
  7. 如权利要求1所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其特征在于，该导引环(13)的下缘位置高于该主体部(11)的下缘位置，或与该主体部(11)的下缘位置同高。
  8. 如权利要求1所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其特征在于，该侧翼部(15)与该主体部(11)之间包括有至少一标示记号(12)，该标示记号(12)位于该侧翼部(15)或该主体部(11)的上缘周边。
  9. 如权利要求1所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其特征在于，该侧翼部(15)包括有一包覆区(154)及一磨耗去除区(155)，该磨耗去除区(155)对应于该邻 牙(93)的上缘，该包覆区(154)对应于该邻牙(93)的侧边。
  10. 如权利要求9所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其特征在于，当该主体部(11)设置于该邻牙(93)的侧边时，该包覆区(154)的上缘位置低于该邻牙(93)顶部的位置，或实质上与该邻牙(93)顶部的位置同高。
  11. 如权利要求9所述具有临时牙冠功能的植牙导板，其特征在于，当该主体部(11)设置于该邻牙(93)的侧边时，该主体部(11)的上缘位置或该导引环(13)的上缘位置低于该包覆区(154)上缘的位置。
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