WO2016088823A1 - 採光装置 - Google Patents
採光装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016088823A1 WO2016088823A1 PCT/JP2015/083973 JP2015083973W WO2016088823A1 WO 2016088823 A1 WO2016088823 A1 WO 2016088823A1 JP 2015083973 W JP2015083973 W JP 2015083973W WO 2016088823 A1 WO2016088823 A1 WO 2016088823A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- daylighting
- light
- hole
- ventilation hole
- sheet
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6722—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light with adjustable passage of light
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
- E06B7/02—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
- E06B7/02—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses
- E06B7/08—Louvre doors, windows or grilles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
- E06B7/02—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses
- E06B7/10—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses by special construction of the frame members
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S11/00—Non-electric lighting devices or systems using daylight
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S11/00—Non-electric lighting devices or systems using daylight
- F21S11/007—Non-electric lighting devices or systems using daylight characterised by the means for transmitting light into the interior of a building
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V31/00—Gas-tight or water-tight arrangements
- F21V31/03—Gas-tight or water-tight arrangements with provision for venting
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
- E06B7/02—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses
- E06B2007/023—Air flow induced by fan
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
- E06B7/02—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses
- E06B2007/026—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses with air flow between panes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2417—Light path control; means to control reflection
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2476—Solar cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a daylighting apparatus.
- This application claims priority on December 4, 2014 based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-245745 for which it applied to Japan, and uses the content here.
- a daylighting film has already been proposed for taking sunlight into the room through the building windows.
- the daylighting film has a plurality of unit prisms and a flat surface formed on one surface of a light-transmitting support. Sunlight is taken into the room through the unit prism. By sticking such a daylighting film to the window glass, outside light can be introduced into the room and a bright space can be provided.
- Patent Document 1 describes a solar radiation adjusting method in which a sheet material of a roll screen (lighting device) having solar radiation shielding properties is arranged away from a glass surface on the indoor side with respect to a window glass with a net.
- thermal cracking of the window glass can be suppressed by installing the daylighting device at a distance from the window glass.
- a daylighting device of a double glazing type having a highly heat-insulating hollow structure or a daylighting device with low thermal conductivity air heated by irradiation of sunlight can be accumulated between the window glass and the daylighting device. There is sex. In this case, not only the window glass causes thermal cracking, but the substrate constituting the daylighting apparatus may also be thermally cracked.
- One aspect of the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and suppresses a temperature rise between the window glass and the daylighting device to prevent thermal cracking of the substrate in the window glass and the daylighting device.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a daylighting apparatus that can do this.
- a lighting device in one aspect of the present invention, includes a first base material having light permeability, and a plurality of projection-shaped daylights having light transmittance provided on the first surface or the second surface of the first base material. And a ventilation hole that communicates the space on the first surface side and the space on the second surface side opposite to the first surface.
- the first through hole may be provided in a region that does not contribute to daylighting in the daylighting member.
- the daylighting member may be provided with a first through hole penetrating in a thickness direction, and the ventilation hole includes the first through hole.
- the lighting device includes a light diffusion member disposed on either the light incident side or the light emission side of the daylighting member, wherein the ventilation hole includes the first through hole and the light.
- the light diffusing member is provided on the light emitting side of the lighting member, and the second through hole is smaller than the first through hole. Also good.
- the second through hole has a shape having a longitudinal direction, and the second through hole exists so that the longitudinal direction is along the extending direction of the lighting unit. It is good also as a structure.
- the light diffusion member has anisotropy in the light diffusion direction, and is stronger in a direction intersecting the arrangement direction than in the arrangement direction of the two spaces. It is good also as a structure which consists of an adhesive layer which has the anisotropic light-diffusion characteristic which diffuses light, and the said lighting member is provided in the transparent base material through the said light-diffusion member.
- the ventilation hole includes the daylighting member, the light diffusing member, the daylighting member disposed apart from each other, and a joint member provided between the light diffusing members. It is good also as a structure made into one communicating hole by these.
- the ventilation hole may be provided in a region where sunlight is not likely to enter the daylighting member.
- the daylighting apparatus may be configured such that a light-shielding material is provided on the inner surface of the ventilation hole.
- the daylighting apparatus may have a configuration in which a frame that houses at least the daylighting member is provided and a ventilation hole is formed between the daylighting member and the frame.
- the lighting device includes a frame that houses at least the daylighting member, the frame has at least two openings, and the daylighting member is accommodated in one of the openings.
- the opening may be configured to function as a ventilation hole.
- the ventilation hole may be provided with an exhaust fan that exhausts air on the light incident side to the light emission side through the ventilation hole.
- a daylighting apparatus that can prevent a thermal crack between a window glass and a daylighting apparatus while suppressing a temperature rise between the windowglass and the daylighting apparatus. It is possible.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A ′ of FIG. 1.
- a sectional view of a lighting device The perspective view of a daylighting sheet.
- the 1st perspective view for demonstrating the manufacturing method of a lighting device.
- the 2nd perspective view for demonstrating the manufacturing method of a daylighting apparatus.
- the 3rd perspective view for demonstrating the manufacturing method of a daylighting apparatus.
- the 1st figure which shows an example of the planar shape of the ventilation hole seen from the normal line direction of the lighting unit.
- the 2nd figure which shows an example of the planar shape of the ventilation hole seen from the normal line direction of the lighting unit.
- the 3rd figure which shows an example of the planar shape of the ventilation hole seen from the normal line direction of the lighting unit.
- the 4th figure which shows an example of the planar shape of the ventilation hole seen from the normal line direction of the lighting unit.
- the 5th figure which shows an example of the planar shape of the ventilation hole seen from the normal line direction of the lighting unit.
- the longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the 1st incident impossible area
- the graph showing the relationship between solar altitude and a 1st incident impossible area.
- the graph which shows the relationship between the solar altitude in Tokyo, and the ratio of the irradiation time in each solar altitude in one year. It is a cross-sectional view showing a second incident impossible area of sunlight with respect to the lighting device, and is a view seen from the ceiling side. The graph showing the relationship between the azimuth angle of sunlight and a 2nd incident impossible area.
- the 1st front view which shows the formation position of a ventilation hole.
- the 2nd front view which shows the formation position of a ventilation hole.
- the 3rd front view which shows the formation position of a ventilation hole.
- the 4th front view which shows the formation position of a ventilation hole.
- the 5th front view which shows the formation position of a ventilation hole.
- FIG. 20A is a cross-sectional view showing a daylighting apparatus in which the center positions of some through holes are different from the daylighting apparatus of FIG. 20A. It is a figure which shows the transmitted light path of incident light in case the azimuth angle of sunlight is a wide angle, Comprising: Sectional drawing which looked at the lighting apparatus from the ceiling side. The perspective view which shows the through-hole formed in the lighting sheet. The perspective view which shows the through-hole formed in the light-diffusion sheet.
- Sectional drawing which shows the whole structure of the lighting apparatus of 4th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the transmitted optical path of incident light in case the azimuth angle of sunlight is a wide angle
- the front view which shows the whole structure of the lighting apparatus of 5th Embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of a daylighting apparatus according to a fifth embodiment, and is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B ′ of FIG. 24.
- the front view which shows the 1st modification of the lighting apparatus in 5th Embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a C-C ′ sectional view of the lighting device shown in FIG. 26.
- FIG. 29 is a sectional view taken along the line D-D ′ of the daylighting apparatus shown in FIG. 28.
- the front view which shows the whole structure of the lighting apparatus of 6th Embodiment.
- the front view which shows the whole structure of the lighting apparatus of 7th Embodiment.
- FIG. 32 is an E-E ′ sectional view of the daylighting apparatus shown in FIG. 31.
- the 1st figure which shows the structural example of a ventilation hole.
- the 2nd figure which shows the structural example of a ventilation hole.
- FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view taken along line J-J ′ of FIG. 35, which is a room model including a lighting device and an illumination dimming system.
- the top view which shows the ceiling of a room model.
- the graph which shows the relationship between the illumination intensity of the light (natural light) daylighted indoors by the lighting apparatus, and the illumination intensity (illumination dimming system) by an indoor lighting apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a window in which the daylighting device according to the first embodiment is installed.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ of FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the daylighting device 2 is installed on the window frame 101 via the mounting portion 1, and the blind 3 is installed at the lower part of the daylighting device 2.
- the daylighting device 2 is installed in a range of about 70 cm from the ceiling, and in the range of about 200 cm below the daylighting device 2.
- a blind 3 is installed.
- the blind 3 is attached to the lower part of the daylighting apparatus 2 via a pair of fixtures 109, for example. In FIG. 2, the illustration of the fixture 109 is omitted.
- the blind 3 includes a plurality of slats 5 and a ladder cord 6 that connects the plurality of slats 5 to each other.
- the width of the slat 5 is about 25 mm, for example.
- the window in this example includes a window sash 9 and a multilayer glass 7 fitted in the window sash 9.
- the multilayer glass 7 has two sheets of glass 7A and 7B.
- the double-glazed glass configuration is described, but there is a possibility that thermal cracking occurs regardless of the form such as single plate glass or netted glass.
- the shape of the daylighting device 2, the blind 3, and the multilayer glass 7 constituting the window as viewed from the front is a rectangle.
- the detailed configuration of the daylighting device 2 is not shown.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the daylighting device 2.
- the daylighting device 2 of the present embodiment includes a daylighting sheet (daylighting member) 13 that emits light taken from one side with a predetermined angular distribution from the other side.
- the lighting device 2 of the present embodiment includes a lighting unit 15 and a frame 16.
- the daylighting unit 15 includes a first glass plate (transparent substrate) 10, a light diffusion sheet (light diffusion member) 11, a second glass plate 12, a daylighting sheet 13, a third glass plate 14, and a frame 16. , Buffer material 17, adhesive material 18, and caulking material 19.
- a substrate made of a transparent resin such as acrylic, polycarbonate, or vinyl chloride may be used as the transparent substrate in the present invention.
- the plurality of glass plates and sheets are arranged in the order of the first glass plate 10, the light diffusion sheet 11, the second glass plate 12, the daylighting sheet 13, and the third glass plate 14 from the indoor side toward the outdoor side. .
- the daylighting sheet 13 of this embodiment corresponds to the daylighting member in the claims.
- the light diffusion sheet 11 of the present embodiment corresponds to the light diffusion member in the claims.
- the surface on the outdoor side of each glass plate is referred to as a first surface
- the surface on the indoor side of each glass plate is referred to as a second surface.
- the light diffusion sheet 11 is for diffusing light in the direction toward the glare region, and is attached to the first surface 10 a of the first glass plate 10.
- the daylighting sheet 13 is affixed to the first surface 12 a of the second glass plate 12.
- the first glass plate 10, the second glass plate 12, and the third glass plate 14 are glass plates having a thickness of about 3 to 6 mm, and are bonded to each other with an adhesive material 18 therebetween.
- the peripheral portion of the laminate in which the three glass plates 10, 12, and 14 are laminated is covered with a frame 16 made of a material such as aluminum or resin. Therefore, the frame 16 accommodates the three glass plates 10, 12, and 14 to which the above respective sheets are bonded, respectively.
- a rubber cushioning material 17 is provided between the end surface of the laminated body and the frame 16, for example.
- a silicone-based caulking material 19 is filled between the peripheral edge of the laminate and the frame 16. In this way, the daylighting unit 15 is configured.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the daylighting sheet 13.
- the daylighting sheet 13 is a sheet in which a fine structure of the order of several tens to several hundreds ⁇ m is formed on the surface so as to introduce external light, that is, sunlight.
- the daylighting sheet 13 includes a film base (first base) 41, a plurality of projection-shaped daylighting parts 42, and a gap 43 provided between the plurality of daylighting parts 42.
- the plurality of daylighting portions 42 are provided in a stripe shape on the first surface 41 a of the film base 41.
- the daylighting units 42 extend in the Y direction (horizontal direction) and are arranged parallel to each other in the Z direction (vertical direction).
- a light-transmitting substrate made of a resin such as a thermoplastic polymer, a thermosetting resin, or a photopolymerizable resin is used.
- Light-transmitting substrates such as acrylic polymers, olefin polymers, vinyl polymers, cellulose polymers, amide polymers, fluorine polymers, urethane polymers, silicone polymers, imide polymers, and the like are used.
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- PC polycarbonate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PES polyethersulfone
- a light-transmitting substrate such as a film or a polyimide (PI) film is preferably used.
- a PET film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m is used as an example.
- the total light transmittance of the film substrate 41 is preferably 90% or more, for example. Thereby, sufficient transparency is obtained.
- the plurality of daylighting units 42 are made of an organic material having light transmissivity and photosensitivity such as an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, or a silicone resin.
- a transparent resin mixture in which a polymerization initiator, a coupling agent, a monomer, an organic solvent and the like are mixed with these resins is used.
- the polymerization initiator may contain various additional components such as a stabilizer, an inhibitor, a plasticizer, an optical brightener, a release agent, a chain transfer agent, and other photopolymerizable monomers. Good.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- the total light transmittance of the daylighting unit 42 is preferably 90% or more in accordance with JIS K7361-1. Thereby, sufficient transparency can be obtained.
- a plurality of daylighting portions 42 are formed on the film base 41 using a thermal imprint method.
- the method for forming the daylighting unit 42 is not limited to the thermal imprint method, and for example, a UV imprint method, a hot press method, an injection molding method, an extrusion molding method, a compression molding method, or the like may be used.
- a method such as a melt extrusion method or a mold extrusion method
- the film base 41 and the daylighting portion 42 are integrally formed of the same resin.
- a resin for shape transfer may be applied onto a base film such as PET, and the structure may be imprinted.
- the refractive index of the daylighting unit 42 is a value around 1.5. In this embodiment, from a refractive index of 1.35 when a fluorine-based additive is mixed with the main material, a refractive index of about 1.6 when a conjugated composition such as an allyl group is mixed with the main material. Each lighting section 42 has a refractive index within the above range.
- the daylighting section 42 is elongated in a straight line in one direction (Y direction in FIG. 4), and a cross-sectional shape cut along a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction forms a polygonal shape.
- the cross-sectional shape of the daylighting unit 42 is a hexagon having six apexes (q1 to q6) and all inner angles being less than 180 °.
- the plurality of daylighting units 42 are arranged in the vertical direction so that the longitudinal direction of the daylighting unit 42 is parallel to the side of the rectangular film base 41 extending in the horizontal direction.
- the hexagonal first apex q1 and second apex q2 that are cross-sectional shapes of the daylighting unit 42 are apexes corresponding to both ends of the first surface 42A in contact with the film substrate 41.
- the fourth vertex q4, the fifth vertex q5, and the sixth vertex q6 are vertices that are not located on the first surface 42A.
- the third vertex q3 is the vertex farthest from the first surface 42A.
- the length of the perpendicular of the first surface 42A passing through the third vertex q3 is longer than the length of the perpendicular of the first surface 42A passing through vertices other than the third vertex q3 among the plurality of vertices q1 to q6.
- the shape of the daylighting unit 42 is asymmetric with respect to the perpendicular of the first surface 42A passing through the third vertex q3.
- the shape of the daylighting unit 42 is not limited to the above-described shape, and a cross section orthogonal to the longitudinal direction may be a pentagon, a trapezoid, or a triangle.
- the daylighting sheet 13 includes a second sheet of the second glass plate 12 so that the longitudinal direction of the daylighting portion 42 faces horizontal and the arrangement direction of the plurality of daylighting portions 42 faces the vertical direction (Z direction). It is provided on one surface 12a.
- the daylighting sheet 13 is a state in which the first surface 41a of the film base 41 provided with the fine structure by the plurality of daylighting parts 42 is directed to the outdoor side (the third glass plate 14 side), and the second surface 41b side is the second side. Affixed to the glass plate 12.
- the daylighting sheet 13 has a hexagonal second surface 42B and a third surface 42C, which are cross-sectional shapes of the daylighting section 42 shown in FIG.
- the fourth surface 42D, the fifth surface (reflective surface) 42E, and the sixth surface (reflective surface) 42F are installed in a posture that faces vertically downward.
- the refractive index of the film substrate 41 and the refractive index of the daylighting portion 42 are substantially equal.
- the reason is that, for example, when the refractive index of the film base 41 and the refractive index of the daylighting portion 42 are greatly different, when the light enters the film base 41 from the daylighting portion 42, the daylighting portion 42 and the film base 41. Unnecessary light refraction or reflection may occur at the interface. In this case, there is a possibility that problems such as failure to obtain desired lighting characteristics and a decrease in luminance may occur.
- the refractive index of the gap 43 is approximately 1.0.
- the critical angle at the interface (air interface) 43a between the daylighting section 42 and the gap 43 is minimized.
- the light diffusing sheet 11 has anisotropy in light diffusing characteristics, and exhibits a light diffusibility stronger in the vertical direction (in the YZ plane) than in the horizontal direction (in the XY plane).
- the light diffusion sheet 11 has a lenticular lens structure including a base material 31 and a plurality of convex lens portions 32 provided on the first surface 31 a of the base material 31.
- the light diffusion sheet 11 is affixed to the first surface 10 a of the first glass plate 10 (the surface facing the second glass plate 12) with the convex lens portion 32 facing the second glass plate 12.
- the plurality of convex lens portions 32 are arranged in a direction in which each convex lens portion 32 extends in the Y direction (horizontal direction), and are arranged in parallel in the Z direction (vertical direction).
- the convex surface 32a of the convex lens portion 32 has a curvature in the vertical plane and does not have a curvature in the horizontal direction. Therefore, the convex lens portion 32 has high light diffusibility in the vertical direction (in the YZ plane) and does not have light diffusibility in the horizontal direction (in the XY plane). Therefore, the light incident on the light diffusing sheet 11 is greatly diffused in the vertical direction (in the YZ plane) when emitted from the convex lens portion 32, but is emitted almost without diffusing in the horizontal direction (in the XY plane).
- the convex lens portion 32 may be integrated with the base 31 by processing the first surface 31a of the base 31 itself, or may be separate from the base 31.
- the light diffusing sheet 11 may not have a regular structure such as a lenticular lens structure, and may include a plurality of irregularly provided convex portions. Alternatively, a plurality of light diffusion particles in the form of fibers or ellipsoids may be dispersed so as to be aligned in the horizontal direction in a light transmissive resin layer serving as a medium.
- the light diffusion sheet 11 having anisotropy that greatly diffuses light in the vertical direction (in the YZ plane) is used, but the anisotropy that greatly diffuses light in the horizontal direction (in the XY plane).
- a light diffusing sheet may be used, or a light diffusing sheet that diffuses light isotropically may be used.
- the 1st glass plate 10 which bonded the light-diffusion sheet 11, the 2nd glass plate 12 which bonded the lighting sheet 13, and the 3rd glass plate 14 are prepared. Illustration of each sheet is omitted.
- an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive material may be dry-bonded, or water-adhesive pressure-sensitive adhesive. You may affix with water, performing fine adjustment of the bonding position using a material.
- the first glass plate 10, the second glass plate 12, and the third glass plate 14 on which the above three sheets are bonded are bonded to each other with an interval therebetween.
- the front and back directions of the first glass plate 10, the second glass plate 12, and the third glass plate 14 are as shown in FIG.
- a rubber-like adhesive material 18 formed in a frame shape is interposed between the first glass plate 10 and the second glass plate 12 and between the second glass plate 12 and the third glass plate 14.
- the adhesive 18 serves as a spacer that bonds the glass plates together and keeps the distance between the glass plates.
- the caulking material 19 is supplied around the three glass plates 10, 12, and 14 bonded together so that the three glass plates 10, 12, and 14 are not easily peeled off.
- the frame 16 is attached around the three integrated glass plates 10, 12, and 14.
- a buffer material 17 (not shown) for avoiding contact between the three glass plates 10, 12, 14 and the frame 16 and reducing an impact when an external force is applied to the frame 16 is provided with the three glass plates. It is inserted between 10, 12, 14 and the frame 16.
- the lighting unit 15 in the present embodiment is formed with a plurality of ventilation holes 8 penetrating in the thickness direction of the lighting unit 15.
- the plurality of ventilation holes 8 function as holes that allow the space K1 on the multilayer glass 7 side to communicate with the indoor space K2 across the daylighting unit 15.
- the ventilation hole 8 is composed of a plurality of through holes formed in each component.
- the ventilation hole 8 of the present embodiment includes a through hole 21 that penetrates the thickness direction of the first glass plate 10, a through hole 22 that penetrates the thickness direction of the second glass plate 12, and a third glass plate. 14, a through hole 23 that penetrates the thickness direction of the light diffusion sheet 11 (second through hole) 11 a, and a through hole that penetrates the thickness direction of the daylighting sheet 13 (first Through hole) 13a.
- the through-hole 21 may be formed after the first glass plate 10 and the light diffusion sheet 11 are bonded together, or a hole is formed in advance in each of the first glass plate 10 and the light diffusion sheet 11, Then, the through holes 21 may be formed by pasting together.
- the through holes 22 may be formed after bonding them, or holes are formed in advance in each of the second glass plate 12 and the daylighting sheet 13. Then, the through holes 22 may be formed by pasting together.
- each through hole 21, 22, 23 formed in each glass plate 10, 12, 14 can be formed from a hole having a minimum diameter of 3 mm or more. It is desirable to use tempered glass, because if the glass plates 10, 12, 14 are perforated, the strength of the portions where the through holes 21, 22, 23 are formed may decrease.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating an example of a planar shape of the ventilation hole 8
- FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating an example of an overlapping position of each through-hole 21, 22, 23.
- the through holes 21, 22, and 23 constituting the ventilation hole 8 are formed with the same size and the same shape, and are concentric when viewed from the normal direction of the daylighting unit 15. It is desirable.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the center positions of the through-holes 21, 22, 23 constituting the ventilation hole 8 may be slightly shifted.
- the center positions of the through holes 21 and 11 a formed in advance in the first glass plate 10 and the light diffusion sheet 11 are bonded to the first glass plate 10 and the light diffusion sheet 11. It may be shifted from time to time.
- the planar shape of the ventilation hole 8 and each of the through holes 21, 22, 23 constituting the ventilation hole 8 is a shape having no corners. If each of the through holes 21, 22, 23 has a planar shape with corners, cracks may develop from the corners and the glass plate may be damaged. Be sure to make the corner of the surface curved.
- FIG. 7A to 7E are diagrams showing an example of the planar shape of the ventilation hole viewed from the normal direction of the daylighting unit 15.
- FIG. 7A the ventilation hole 8 having a circular planar shape is employed, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- an elliptical shape whose major axis follows the longitudinal direction (Z direction) of the daylighting portion 42 shown in FIG. 4 as in the ventilation hole 8A shown in FIG. 7B may be used, or the ventilation hole 8B shown in FIG. 7C.
- an elliptical shape whose major axis follows the extending direction (Y direction) of each daylighting unit 42 may be used.
- FIG. 8 it is a figure which shows a part of lighting device 2, Comprising:
- the illustration and omission of the ventilation hole 8 are abbreviate
- the incident point G is a point at which any one light beam is incident on the fifth surface (reflection surface) 42E of the daylighting unit 42 out of the light incident on the daylighting unit 42 shown in FIG. .
- a virtual straight line passing through the incident point G and orthogonal to the first surface 41a of the film base 41 is defined as a straight line f.
- the space on the side where the light L1 incident on the incident point G exists is defined as the first space S1, and the space on the side where the light L1 incident on the incident point does not exist.
- the light L0 incident on the daylighting device 2 from obliquely above at an incident angle ⁇ in ⁇ 0 ° is refracted by the third glass plate 14 and enters the daylighting sheet 13 from obliquely above.
- the light L1 incident on the daylighting section 42 of the daylighting sheet 13 is refracted by entering from the third surface 42C, for example, proceeds toward the fifth surface 42E, is reflected by the fifth surface 42E, and then reflected on the second glass plate 12. From, it inject
- emission angle (theta) out > 0 degree.
- the light L2 emitted from the second glass plate 12 enters the light diffusion sheet 11 and is diffused in the vertical plane (in the XZ plane) by the convex lens portion 32.
- the light L3 diffused by the light diffusion sheet 11 becomes light traveling toward the ceiling of the room and illuminates a wide range in the depth direction of the room. Therefore, according to the lighting device 2, the external light (sunlight) taken in can be efficiently guided in the ceiling direction of the room. Thereby, the person in the room can brighten the room without feeling dazzling.
- the optical path mentioned above is an example, and the external light which injected into the lighting device 2 injects from either the 2nd surface 42B of the lighting part 42 in the lighting sheet 13, and the 3rd surface 42C.
- the incident light is reflected from any one of the fourth surface 42D, the fifth surface 42E, and the sixth surface 42F, and then emitted from the first surface 42A.
- the air heated by the irradiation of sunlight is between the multilayer glass 7 and the lighting device 2.
- the space K1 between them becomes a pool of heat. It becomes a local high temperature environment.
- a temperature difference between the portion of the multilayer glass 7 that faces the daylighting device 2 and the other portion that does not face the daylighting device 2 increases, and stress is generated in the glass surface, resulting in the multilayer.
- a thermal cracking phenomenon in which the glass 7 is partially broken tends to occur.
- the thermal cracking phenomenon in a general window glass will be described in detail.
- the irradiated area that is directly irradiated with sunlight absorbs light and becomes hot and expands.
- the peripheral part of the window glass is not irradiated with sunlight because it is fitted in the window sash.
- a peripheral part will be in the state which restrains the thermal expansion of a to-be-irradiated area
- This thermal stress is proportional to the temperature difference between the irradiated region and the peripheral region. Therefore, when the tensile stress exceeding the edge strength of the window glass is generated, the window glass is broken. This phenomenon is called thermal cracking.
- the daylighting apparatus 2 of the present embodiment has a structure using a plurality of glass plates 10, 12, and 14, and thus has an air layer sealed inside.
- the lighting device 2 has a sealed air layer, the generation of air flow inside is suppressed, so that the heat insulation effect is high, but this portion tends to cause a local temperature increase. For this reason, the thermal cracking phenomenon tends to occur also in each glass substrate constituting the daylighting device 2.
- a plurality of ventilation holes 8 penetrating in the thickness direction are formed in the daylighting unit 15.
- the warm air staying in the space K1 (FIG. 2) between the double glazing 7 and the daylighting device 2 can be made to flow into the indoor space K2 (FIG. 2) through the ventilation hole 8.
- the temperature difference between the space K1 on the side of the multilayer glass 7 that separates the daylighting device 2 and the space K2 on the indoor side becomes small.
- the thermal cracking phenomenon due to the influence of sunlight irradiation is avoided, and breakage of the multilayer glass 7 is prevented.
- the lighting device 2 Since the lighting device 2 is often installed above the room, the temperature on the ceiling side of the space K1 between the double-glazed glass 7 and the lighting device 2 tends to rise. For this reason, like the daylighting device 2 of the present embodiment, by providing a large number of ventilation holes 8 at positions close to the ceiling side, the warm air in the space K1 can be easily released to the space K2 on the indoor side, and the ventilation efficiency is improved. be able to.
- FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a first incident impossible area A 1 of sunlight with respect to the daylighting device 2.
- part of the sunlight L incident on the daylighting device 2 at a predetermined solar altitude may be shielded from light by the eaves 103 and the window sash 9 of the building. is there. That is, depending on the incident angle theta in the sunlight L, a region sunlight upper side of the lighting device 2 is not incident (hereinafter, first referred to the incident impossible area A 1.) In some cases occur.
- Figure 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the sun altitude and the first incident-prohibited areas A 1.
- the horizontal axis indicates the solar altitude ⁇ in [°]
- the vertical axis indicates the height [mm] of the first incident impossible area A 1 .
- the first incident impossible area A 1 increases as the solar altitude increases.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the solar altitude in Tokyo and the ratio of irradiation time at each solar altitude for one year.
- the horizontal axis indicates the solar altitude ⁇ in [°]
- the vertical axis indicates the ratio [%] of the irradiation time for each solar altitude.
- the measurement time of one day was from 8:00 am to 18:00 pm, and the rate of change in solar altitude and irradiation time at each solar altitude during this period was measured for one year (3650 hours).
- the solar altitude with a long irradiation time in one year is in the range of 30 ° to 35 °.
- the ratio of the irradiation time of the solar altitudes before and after that changes substantially symmetrically.
- first incidence prohibited areas A 1 is as a place for forming the ventilation openings 8, lighting functions as lighting apparatus 2 according to large first incident impossible region A 1 is decreases.
- First incident prohibited areas A 1 can secure a lighting function of the lighting device 2 for as small as possible increases the incidence region of the sunlight. Therefore, as the first incident impossible region A 1 is as small as possible, is better be disposed close to lighting apparatus 2 to insulating glass 7 preferred. Accordingly, the sun altitude without also first incident impossible region A 1 is greatly increased in a case where it is changed, it is possible to permit the change in solar altitude at a wider range of angles.
- the first incident impossible area A 1 is easily formed on the upper side of the daylighting device 2 even when the solar altitude changes. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 14A to 14E, the ventilation hole 8 is formed on the upper side of the daylighting unit 15 as much as possible. Although it is preferable to form a number of ventilation holes 8 to the first incident prohibited areas A 1, is not necessarily limited thereto.
- Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a second entrance prohibited areas A 2 of the sunlight for daylighting device 2, as viewed from the ceiling side.
- a part of the sunlight L incident on the lighting device 2 at a predetermined solar azimuth angle ⁇ in may be shielded by the window sash 9 or the like. That is, the azimuth ⁇ in of sunlight L, a region which sunlight L to the left or right side of the lighting device 2 is not incident (hereinafter, referred to as second incident impossible region A 2.) May occurs is there.
- Figure 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the azimuth angle and the second incident prohibited areas A 2 of the sunlight.
- the horizontal axis represents the azimuth ⁇ in of sunlight [°]
- the vertical axis represents the height of the second incident impossible region A 2.
- the distance W 2 from the surface of the window sash 9 to the surface of the lighting sheet 13 of the lighting device 2 100 mm, 150 mm, the azimuth of the sun in the case of changing the 200 mm [Phi and second entrance prohibited areas A
- the relationship with 2 was investigated.
- the daylighting device is obtained by obtaining the second non-incident area A 2 by the above formula (2) based on the solar altitude with the longest irradiation time throughout the year.
- the ventilation hole 8 can be formed without significantly impairing the daylighting function 2. Further, by arranging close the lighting apparatus 2 to double glazing 7, never second entrance prohibited areas A 2 is greatly increased even when the azimuth angle of the sunlight changes. Therefore, it is possible to allow the change of the azimuth angle of sunlight in a wider angle range.
- the second non-incident area A 2 is easily formed on the side of the daylighting device 2, that is, on the left or right side even when the azimuth angle of sunlight changes. . Therefore, it is preferable to form a number of ventilation holes 8 to the second entrance impossible region A 2.
- the ventilation hole 8 is formed at a position biased to the left and right of the lighting unit 15 as much as possible.
- FIG. 15A is a view of the state in which only the daylighting sheet 13 is irradiated with sunlight from the indoor side. According to this, among the light emitted from the lighting sheet 13, the light is diffused in a direction (Z-direction) which intersects the extending direction of the lighting unit 42 is visually recognized as a glare L G. That is, the light that has passed through the only lighting sheet 13, will be visible to people in the room as a glare L G of the vertical line.
- the through hole (second through hole) 11 a provided in the light diffusion sheet 11 disposed on the indoor side of the daylighting sheet 13 intersects the extending direction of the daylighting part 42 ( If the Z-direction) is the longitudinal direction along the can, glare L G ends up as it passes through the ventilation hole 8, people in the room feels glare.
- the light diffusion sheet 11 when the light diffusion sheet 11 is provided a through hole 11a in order to prevent the glare L G emitted from the lighting sheet 13 described above will be entering the chamber, in the lateral direction of the light diffusion sheet 11 It is preferable to form so that the longitudinal direction of the through-hole 11a may follow.
- a light diffusion sheet having a lenticular lens structure is employed as the light diffusion sheet 11, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the light diffusing sheet 11 in addition to the lenticular structure described above, for example, an anisotropic light diffusing sheet 302 made of a particle-dispersed film can be applied as shown in FIG.
- the particle-dispersed film has a structure in which a plurality of fiber-like or ellipsoidal light-diffusing particles 35 are dispersed in the light-transmitting resin layer 34 serving as a medium so as to align in the vertical direction (Z direction).
- This molecular dispersion film has the property of largely diffusing light mainly in the left-right direction and slightly diffusing light in the up-down direction.
- the daylighting device 2 has a light-transmitting heat insulating film (heat insulating member) for blocking the radiant heat of natural light (sunlight), an IR reflecting film that reflects infrared light (IR), a design sheet, and an incident light. It is good also as a structure which comprises functional members 25, such as a light angle control member.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a daylighting member including a functional member. As shown in FIG. 17, for example, the functional member 25 is disposed on the light incident side of the daylighting sheet 13 and is provided on the second surface 14 b (the surface facing the daylighting sheet 13) of the third glass plate 14.
- the incident angle control member which is one of the functional members 25, changes the angle of light incident on the daylighting sheet 13 having good daylighting characteristics at an arbitrary solar altitude (incidence angle).
- incident angle an arbitrary solar altitude
- 18A to 18D are diagrams illustrating other examples of the configuration of the daylighting apparatus. It is assumed that sunlight enters each daylighting device from the left side of the drawing.
- the lighting device 201 shown in FIG. 18A has a single glass plate structure, and includes the first glass plate 10, the anisotropic light diffusion sheet (adhesive layer) 302, the lighting sheet 13, and the frame 16 described above. Yes.
- the daylighting sheet 13 and the anisotropic light diffusing sheet 302 are provided on the first surface 10 a side of the first glass plate 10, and these are held by the frame 16.
- the anisotropic light diffusion sheet 302 in this example has adhesiveness.
- the daylighting sheet 13 is bonded to the first glass plate 10 via the anisotropic light diffusion sheet 302.
- the ventilation hole 8 is configured by a plurality of through holes 13a, 302a, and 21 that penetrate the daylighting sheet 13, the anisotropic light diffusion sheet 302, and the first glass plate 10, respectively.
- the daylighting device 202 shown in FIG. 18B has a structure of two glass plates, and the first glass plate (transparent substrate) 10 provided with the light diffusion sheet 11 on the first surface 10a side and the daylighting sheet 13 are the first.
- a second glass plate (transparent substrate) 12 provided on the side of the surface 12 a is bonded together via an adhesive material (joining member) 18 and held in the frame 16.
- the daylighting sheet 13 and the light diffusion sheet 11 are bonded to the glass plates 10 and 12 via the adhesive layer 24, respectively.
- the ventilation hole 8 is configured by a plurality of through holes formed in the daylighting sheet 13, the second glass plate 12, the light diffusion sheet 11, and the first glass plate 10.
- the daylighting device 203 shown in FIG. 18C is the same as that shown in FIG. 18B in that it has two glass plate structures, but differs in that the light diffusion sheet 11 is arranged on the light incident side of the daylighting sheet 13. ing. Thus, the arrangement order of the daylighting sheet 13 and the light diffusion sheet 11 may be switched.
- the first glass plate 10 and the second glass plate 12 are arranged so that the daylighting sheet 13 and the light diffusion sheet 11 face each other.
- the daylighting device 204 shown in FIG. 18D is different from those shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B in that the daylighting sheet 33 and the light diffusion sheet 11 are arranged independently between two glass plates.
- the daylighting sheet 33 and the light diffusion sheet 11 are disposed between the first glass plate 10 and the second glass plate 12 in a state of being separated from each other.
- An interval is also provided between the daylighting sheet 33 and the light diffusing sheet 11, and the lamps are individually arranged in the light transmission direction and held in the frame 16.
- the light diffusion sheet 11 is disposed on the light emission side of the daylighting sheet 33, but the light diffusion sheet 11 may be disposed on the light incident side of the daylighting sheet 33.
- the ventilation hole 8 is configured by through holes 21, 11a, 13a, and 22 that penetrate the first glass plate 10, the light diffusion sheet 11, the second glass plate 12, and the daylighting sheet 33, respectively. Note that the through hole 21 formed in the first glass plate 10 and the through hole 22 formed in the second glass plate 12 correspond to the third through hole in the present invention.
- the daylighting sheet 33 shown in FIG. 18D is provided with a plurality of daylighting portions 42 on the second surface 41 b of the film base 41.
- the daylighting sheet 13 described above is provided with a plurality of daylighting portions 42 on the first surface 41a of the film base 41 facing the window.
- a plurality of daylighting units are provided on the indoor side of the film base 41. 42 was provided.
- the daylighting sheet 33 is arranged in a posture in which the first surface 41 a of the film base 41 is directed to the second surface 12 b of the second glass plate 12. Thus, it is good also as a structure which orient
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of the daylighting device of the second embodiment.
- the basic configuration of the daylighting apparatus 20 of the present embodiment is substantially the same as the daylighting apparatus of the first embodiment, but differs in that the glass plates constituting the through holes are sealed. Therefore, in the following description, different parts will be described in detail, and description of other common configurations will be omitted.
- the ventilation hole 8 includes a through hole 21 of the first glass plate 10, a through hole 22 of the second glass plate 12, a through hole 23 of the third glass plate 14, and a pair of sealing members 26. Has been.
- the sealing member 26 is made of an adhesive material, and the glass plates 10, 12, and 14 are bonded together.
- the sealing member 26 may be made of the same material as the adhesive material 18 provided on the peripheral edge portion of each glass plate 10, 12, 14.
- a sealed space J1 surrounded by the glass plates 10 and 12, the sealing member 26, and the adhesive material 18 is formed between the first glass plate 10 and the second glass plate 12. Further, a sealed space J ⁇ b> 2 surrounded by the glass plates 12, 14, the sealing member 26, and the adhesive material 18 is also formed between the second glass plate 12 and the third glass plate 14.
- the thermal cracking phenomenon in the multilayer glass 7 and the daylighting unit 15 can be avoided as in the previous embodiment. Furthermore, by providing the sealing member 26 between the glass plates, it is possible to prevent dust and dirt from entering the gaps between the glass plates 10, 12, and 14 from the ventilation holes (communication holes) 8. If dust or dirt adheres to the surfaces of the daylighting sheet 13 and the light diffusion sheet 11, the optical function may be deteriorated. However, as in the present embodiment, the surfaces of the daylighting sheet 13 and the light diffusion sheet 11 are outside air.
- FIG. 20A is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of the daylighting device of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 20A is a cross-sectional view of the daylighting device as viewed from the ceiling.
- the basic configuration of the daylighting device 30 of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the daylighting device of the first embodiment, but the size of the through holes formed in some glass plates is formed in another glass substrate. It differs in that it differs from the size of the through hole. Therefore, in the following description, different parts will be described in detail, and description of other common configurations will be omitted.
- the size of the through hole 21 of the first glass plate 10 having the light diffusion sheet 11 is formed in the other glass plates 12 and 14 in the sectional view of the daylighting unit 15.
- the through holes 22 and 23 are formed to be smaller than the size of the through holes 22 and 23.
- the through hole 13 a formed in the daylighting sheet 13 has the same size and shape as the through hole 22, and the through hole 11 a formed in the light diffusion sheet 11 has the same size and shape as the through hole 21. There is no. Therefore, in the following description, the through holes 21, 22, and 23 on the glass plates 10, 12, and 14 side are mainly described. Also in the present embodiment, the centers of the through holes 21, 22, and 23 constituting the ventilation hole 8 coincide with each other.
- the thermal cracking phenomenon in the multilayer glass 7 and the daylighting unit 15 can be avoided as in the previous embodiment. Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the size of the through hole 21 located on the indoor side is the smallest size, the light emitted from the daylighting sheet 13 passes through the through hole 21 as it is to glare. The probability of becoming low. That is, since most of the light emitted from the daylighting sheet 13 is transmitted through the light diffusion sheet 11, it is possible to prevent the glare light from being scattered and to prevent a person in the room from feeling dazzled.
- FIG. 20B is a cross-sectional view showing a daylighting device in which the center positions of some through holes are different. It is sectional drawing which looked at the lighting apparatus from the ceiling side also in FIG. 20B.
- the through holes 21 formed in the first glass plate 10 having the light diffusion sheet 11 are completely different from the respective through holes 22 and 23 formed in the other second glass plate 12 and the third glass plate 14. It is provided in the position shifted to. That is, the daylighting sheet 13 is visible through the through hole 22 of the first glass plate 10. Therefore, the light emitted from the daylighting sheet 13 may be emitted into the room as it is through the through hole 22. This light is undesirable because it causes glare.
- the ventilation hole 8 does not constitute one continuous communication hole, the air flow is hindered and the ventilation efficiency is lowered.
- one ventilation hole 8 is constituted by the through holes 21, 22, 23 having the same center, and therefore some of the through holes 21. Even if the size is small, the air flow is not hindered, and the ventilation efficiency between the space K1 on the side of the double-glazed glass 7 and the space K2 on the indoor side that separates the daylighting device 30 is not lowered.
- FIG. 21A is a diagram showing a transmitted light path of incident light when the azimuth angle of sunlight is wide, and is a cross-sectional view of the daylighting device as seen from the ceiling side.
- FIG. 21B is a perspective view showing a through hole formed in the daylighting sheet
- FIG. 21C is a perspective view showing a through hole formed in the light diffusion sheet.
- the daylighting sheet 13 is not visible to a person in the room so that the light emitted from the daylighting sheet 13 is incident on the light diffusion sheet 11 as much as possible. That is, the size of the through hole 21 on the light diffusing sheet 11 side with respect to the size of the through hole 22 on the daylighting sheet 13 side allows the daylighting sheet 13 to be seen through the through hole 21 from any person in the room. Form with small size. Thereby, it is possible to further prevent the light emitted from the daylighting sheet 13 from being guided directly into the room.
- a lighting device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the basic configuration of the daylighting device of the present embodiment shown below is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, but differs in that the inner surface of the ventilation hole is made of a light-shielding material. Therefore, in the following description, differences from the configuration of the first embodiment will be described in detail, and descriptions of common parts will be omitted. Moreover, in each drawing used for description, the same reference numerals are given to components common to the previous embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of the daylighting device of the fourth embodiment.
- the daylighting device 40 is characterized in that a light shielding member (light shielding member) 44 is provided on each inner surface 8 a of the plurality of ventilation holes 8 formed in the daylighting unit 15.
- the light shielding member 44 includes the through holes 22 and 11 a formed in the first glass plate 10 and the light diffusion sheet 11, and the through holes formed in the second glass plate 12 and the daylighting sheet 13 that constitute the ventilation hole 8. 22 and 13a and the through-hole 23 formed in the 3rd glass plate 14, while covering each inner surface, it is provided so that between each glass plate 10,12,14 may be joined. Thereby, the continuous ventilation hole 8 is formed between each glass plate 10,12,14.
- the light shielding member 44 a caulking material having a light shielding property or the like can be used. Moreover, you may use not only this but the light-shielding cover etc. which can cover the clearance gap between each glass plate 10,12,14.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a transmitted light path of incident light when the azimuth angle of sunlight is wide, and is a cross-sectional view of the daylighting device as viewed from the ceiling side. As shown in FIG. 23, adopted light having various azimuth angles enters the daylighting device 40 throughout the year. For this reason, as described in the third embodiment, the light emitted from the daylighting sheet 13 may be guided to the room as it is through the ventilation hole 8 without passing through the light diffusion sheet 11.
- the light L4 that does not enter the light diffusion sheet 11 out of the light emitted from the daylighting sheet 13 is blocked by the light blocking member 44. For this reason, useless glare that directly enters the eyes of a person in the room can be suppressed.
- the light shielding members 44 are provided in all the ventilation holes 8 provided in the daylighting unit 15.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the ventilation holes 8 including the light shielding members 44 and the light shielding members 44 are provided. Ventilation holes 8 that do not have the same may be mixed.
- FIG. 24 is a front view showing the overall configuration of the daylighting device of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the daylighting device of the fifth embodiment, and is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB ′ of FIG.
- the basic configuration of the daylighting apparatus of the present embodiment shown below is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, but differs in that a plurality of daylighting units are provided in one frame. Therefore, in the following description, differences from the configuration of the first embodiment will be described in detail, and descriptions of common parts will be omitted. Moreover, in each drawing used for description, the same reference numerals are given to components common to the previous embodiment.
- the daylighting apparatus 50 includes a frame 51 having a plurality of openings and two daylighting units 15 having the same size.
- the lighting unit 15 any one of the lighting units in the above-described embodiments can be adopted.
- the frame 51 is a rectangular frame in a plan view having two large openings 51a and a small opening 51b provided between the large openings 51a.
- the daylighting unit 15 is installed in each large opening 51a.
- the daylighting unit 15 is not installed in the small opening 51b, and the small opening 51b functions as n52.
- the lighting device 50 is installed so that the longitudinal direction (Y direction) of the frame 51 is along the left-right direction of the window.
- one lighting unit 15 is positioned on the left side of the window and the other lighting unit 15 is positioned on the right side of the window, and an air hole (ventilation hole) 52 extending vertically is opposed to the central portion of the window. .
- the daylighting apparatus 50 of the present embodiment since a plurality of daylighting units 15 are housed in one frame 51, it is possible to deal with a large window. Each lighting unit 15 is also provided with a large number of ventilation holes 8. However, when the lighting device 50 is installed in a large window, it is necessary to further increase the ventilation efficiency.
- the air holes 52 separated by the frame 51 are provided between the pair of daylighting units 15, the window-side space and the room interior side across the daylighting device 50, even for large windows. Ventilation efficiency between the first and second spaces can be further improved, and damage such as thermal cracking of the glass plates 10, 12, 14 and the like in the double glazing and the daylighting device 50 can be avoided.
- FIG. 26 is a front view illustrating a first modification of the daylighting device according to the fifth embodiment.
- 27 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC ′ of the daylighting apparatus shown in FIG.
- the daylighting device 53 in the first modification is configured to include a frame 54 having a plurality of openings and two daylighting units 15A and 15B having different sizes. .
- the frame 54 has a first opening 54a, a second opening 54b, and a third opening 54c that have different opening areas.
- the first opening 54 a, the second opening 54 b, and the third opening 54 c are arranged in the vertical direction (Z direction) of the frame 54 in the installation posture of the daylighting device 53.
- the first opening 54a having the largest opening area is located at the lowermost part of the frame 54, and the daylighting unit 15A is installed inside.
- the second opening 54b having an opening area smaller than the first opening 54a is located at the uppermost part of the frame 54, and the daylighting unit 15B is installed inside.
- the third opening 54 c having an opening area smaller than that of the second opening 54 b is located between the first opening 54 a and the second opening 54 b and in the center of the frame 54.
- the daylighting unit 15 is not installed in the third opening 54c, and the third opening 54c functions as the air hole 52 described above.
- the warm air accumulated on the ceiling side can be efficiently released to the indoor side through the air hole 52 located above the center of the daylighting device 53.
- FIG. 28 is a front view showing a second modification of the daylighting apparatus according to the fifth embodiment. 29 is a cross-sectional view of the lighting device shown in FIG. 28 taken along the line D-D ′.
- the daylighting device 55 in the second modification includes a frame 56 having a first opening 56a and a second opening 56b, and one daylighting unit 15. It is configured.
- the first opening 56 a and the second opening 56 b are arranged in the vertical direction (Z direction) of the frame 56 in the installation posture of the daylighting device 55.
- the daylighting unit 15 is installed in the first opening 56 a located on the lower side of the frame 56.
- the daylighting unit 15 is not installed in the second opening 56b located on the upper side of the frame 56, and the second opening 56b functions as the air hole 52 described above.
- the warm air accumulated on the ceiling side can be efficiently released to the indoor side through the air hole 52 located on the upper side of the daylighting device 55.
- FIG. 30 is a front view showing the overall configuration of the daylighting apparatus of the sixth embodiment.
- the basic configuration of the daylighting device of the present embodiment shown below is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, but the outer shape of the daylighting unit and the shape of the opening of the frame are different. Therefore, in the following description, differences from the configuration of the first embodiment will be described in detail, and descriptions of common parts will be omitted. Moreover, in each drawing used for description, the same reference numerals are given to components common to the previous embodiment.
- the daylighting device 60 of the present embodiment includes a rectangular frame 61 having one opening 61 a and a daylighting unit 15 installed in the opening 61 a of the frame 61. Configured. In this embodiment, any of the daylighting units in the above-described embodiments can be adopted as the daylighting unit 15.
- the daylighting unit 15 of the present embodiment has a rectangular planar shape when viewed from the normal direction, and is provided with notches 15c and 15c at two of the four corners. Therefore, air holes 52 and 52 formed by the notches 15 c and 15 c exist between the frame 61 and the daylighting unit 15.
- the air holes 52, 52 are located on the upper side of the frame 61 in a posture in which the daylighting device 60 is installed.
- One air hole 52 is on the right side of the multi-layer glass and the other air hole 52 is multi-layered when viewed from the indoor side. Opposite the left side of the glass. Thereby, it is possible to ventilate the space on the window side and the space on the indoor side across the daylighting device 60 without impairing the daylighting function even in seasons and time zones where the azimuth angle of sunlight is wide.
- FIG. 31 is a front view showing the overall configuration of the daylighting device of the seventh embodiment.
- 32 is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE ′ of the daylighting apparatus shown in FIG.
- the basic configuration of the daylighting apparatus of the present embodiment described below is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, but differs in that a fan unit is provided. Therefore, in the following description, differences from the configuration of the first embodiment will be described in detail, and descriptions of common parts will be omitted. Moreover, in each drawing used for description, the same reference numerals are given to components common to the previous embodiment.
- the lighting device 70 of the present embodiment includes a lighting unit 15, a frame 16 that holds the lighting unit 15, a plurality of fan units 71, and a solar cell 72. Has been.
- the lighting unit 15 is provided with a pair of ventilation holes 8.
- Each ventilation hole 8 is provided with a fan unit 71 composed of two exhaust fans 73.
- the above-described light shielding member 44 is provided on the inner surface of the ventilation hole 8.
- any of the daylighting units in the above-described embodiments can be adopted as the daylighting unit 15.
- one exhaust fan 73 is installed in the through hole 21 of the first glass plate 10, and the other exhaust fan 73 penetrates the third glass plate 14. It is installed in the hole 23.
- the solar cell 72 is fixed to the opening surface 16a on the lower side of the frame 16 on the second surface 14b of the third glass plate 14 located closest to the light incident side of the lighting unit 15 via an adhesive 74 or the like. ing.
- the solar cell 72 receives sunlight to generate electric power, and drives the exhaust fans 73.
- the fan unit 71 is installed in each ventilation hole 8 of the lighting unit 15, so that the air between the double-glazed glass and the lighting device 70 is forced toward the indoor side. It becomes possible to discharge.
- each exhaust fan 73 only needs to be driven during the daytime when the daylighting device 70 is irradiated with sunlight. Therefore, in this embodiment, power is generated in the solar cell 72 and each exhaust fan 73 is driven.
- the exhaust fan 73 can be driven by the solar cell only during the time period in which sunlight is irradiated, and the drive of the exhaust fan 73 is automatically stopped after sunset. In this way, the driving of the exhaust fan 73 can be automatically switched, so that power consumption is reduced.
- the daylighting device 70 is not irradiated with sunlight, such as at night, the window glass is not locally heated, so there is no problem even if the driving of the exhaust fan 73 is stopped.
- the light shielding member 44 is provided in the ventilation hole 8
- the surface of the daylighting sheet 13 and the light diffusing sheet 11 is difficult to adhere to dust and dirt.
- each ventilation hole 8 two exhaust fans 73 are installed in each ventilation hole 8, but only one exhaust fan 73 may be provided.
- the solar cell 72 is provided as means for driving the exhaust fan 73, but other drive means may be provided.
- FIGS. 33A and 33B are diagrams illustrating a configuration example of the ventilation hole.
- the ventilation hole is constituted by a plurality of through holes formed one by one in each member, but a plurality of through holes may be formed in some members.
- a plurality of through holes 11a may be formed on the light diffusion sheet 11 side with respect to the daylighting sheet 13 having one through hole 13a.
- the diameters of the plurality of through holes 11a are smaller than the diameter of the through holes 13a.
- substantially all of the plurality of through holes 11a are formed so as to overlap with the through holes 13a.
- a plurality of through holes 13a may be provided on the daylighting sheet 13 side, and one through hole 11a may be provided on the light diffusion sheet 11 side.
- the multilayer glass 7 is not limited to transparent glass, and for example, netted glass, multilayer glass, and the like can be employed.
- FIG. 34 is a sectional view taken along the line JJ ′ of FIG. 35, which is a room model 2000 equipped with a daylighting device and an illumination dimming system.
- FIG. 35 is a plan view showing the ceiling of the room model 2000.
- the ceiling material constituting the ceiling 2003a of the room 2003 into which external light is introduced may have high light reflectivity.
- a light-reflective ceiling material 2003A is installed on the ceiling 2003a of the room 2003 as a ceiling material having light reflectivity.
- the light-reflective ceiling material 2003A is intended to promote the introduction of outside light from the daylighting device 2010 installed in the window 2002 into the interior of the room, and is installed on the ceiling 2003a near the window. Yes. Specifically, it is installed in a predetermined area E (an area about 3 m from the window 2002) of the ceiling 2003a.
- the light-reflective ceiling material 2003A is configured to transmit the outside light introduced into the room through the window 2002 in which the daylighting device 2010 (the daylighting device of any of the above-described embodiments) is installed. Efficiently leads to the back.
- the external light introduced from the lighting device 2010 toward the indoor ceiling 2003a is reflected by the light-reflective ceiling material 2003A and changes its direction to illuminate the desk surface 2005a of the desk 2005 placed in the interior of the room. The effect of brightening the desk top surface 2005a is exhibited.
- the light-reflective ceiling material 2003A may be diffusely reflective or specularly reflective, but has the effect of brightening the desk top surface 2005a of the desk 2005 placed in the interior of the room, and is in the room. In order to achieve both effects of suppressing glare light that is unpleasant for humans, it is preferable that the characteristics of the two are appropriately mixed.
- the light incident on the ceiling (region E) in the vicinity of the window can be distributed toward the back of the room where the amount of light is small compared to the window.
- the light-reflective ceiling material 2003A is formed by, for example, embossing a metal plate such as aluminum with unevenness of about several tens of microns, or depositing a metal thin film such as aluminum on the surface of a resin substrate on which similar unevenness is formed. Can be created. Or the unevenness
- the emboss shape formed on the light-reflective ceiling material 2003A it is possible to control the light distribution characteristics and the light distribution in the room. For example, when embossing is performed in a stripe shape extending toward the back of the room, the light reflected by the light-reflective ceiling material 2003A is in the left-right direction of the window 2002 (direction intersecting the longitudinal direction of the unevenness). spread. When the size and direction of the window 2002 in the room 2003 are limited, the light is reflected in the horizontal direction by the light-reflective ceiling material 2003A and the interior of the room 2003 is moved to the back of the room. It can be reflected toward.
- the daylighting apparatus 2010 is used as a part of the illumination dimming system in the room 2003.
- the lighting dimming system includes, for example, a lighting device 2010, a plurality of indoor lighting devices 2007, a solar radiation adjusting device 2008 installed in a window, a control system thereof, and a light-reflective ceiling material 2003A installed on a ceiling 2003a. And the constituent members of the entire room including
- a lighting device 2010 is installed on the upper side, and a solar radiation adjusting device 2008 is installed on the lower side.
- a blind is installed as the solar radiation adjustment device 2008, but this is not a limitation.
- a plurality of indoor lighting devices 2007 are arranged in a grid in the left-right direction (Y direction) of the window 2002 and the depth direction (X direction) of the room.
- the plurality of indoor lighting devices 2007 together with the daylighting device 2010 constitute an entire lighting system of the room 2003.
- the ceiling length L 1 in the left-right direction (Y-direction) is 18m
- the length L 2 in the depth direction of the room 2003 (X direction) of the office 9m windows 2002 2003a Indicates.
- the indoor lighting devices 2007 are arranged in a grid pattern with an interval P of 1.8 m in the horizontal direction (Y direction) and the depth direction (X direction) of the ceiling 2003a. More specifically, 50 indoor lighting devices 2007 are arranged in 10 rows (Y direction) ⁇ 5 columns (X direction).
- the indoor lighting device 2007 includes an indoor lighting fixture 2007a, a brightness detection unit 2007b, and a control unit 2007c.
- the indoor lighting fixture 2007a is configured by integrating the brightness detection unit 2007b and the control unit 2007c. It is.
- the indoor lighting device 2007 may include a plurality of indoor lighting fixtures 2007a and a plurality of brightness detection units 2007b. However, one brightness detector 2007b is provided for each indoor lighting device 2007a.
- the brightness detection unit 2007b receives the reflected light of the irradiated surface illuminated by the indoor lighting fixture 2007a, and detects the illuminance of the irradiated surface.
- the brightness detector 200b detects the illuminance of the desk surface 2005a of the desk 2005 placed indoors.
- the control units 2007c provided for each room lighting device 2007 are connected to each other.
- Each indoor lighting device 2007 is configured such that the illuminance of the desk top surface 2005a detected by each brightness detecting unit 2007b becomes a constant target illuminance L0 (for example, average illuminance: 750 lx) by the control units 2007c connected to each other.
- Feedback control is performed to adjust the light output of the LED lamp of each indoor lighting fixture 2007a.
- FIG. 36 is a graph showing the relationship between the illuminance of light (natural light) taken indoors by the daylighting device and the illuminance (illumination dimming system) by the indoor lighting device.
- the vertical axis indicates the illuminance (lx) on the desk surface
- the horizontal axis indicates the distance (m) from the window.
- the broken line in the figure indicates the target illuminance in the room.
- the desk surface illuminance caused by the light collected by the daylighting apparatus 2010 is brighter in the vicinity of the window, and the effect becomes smaller as the distance from the window increases.
- the daylighting device 2010 is used in combination with the indoor lighting device 2007 that compensates for the illuminance distribution in the room.
- the indoor lighting device 2007 installed on the indoor ceiling detects the average illuminance below each device by the brightness detection unit 2007b, and is dimmed and controlled so that the desk surface illuminance of the entire room becomes a constant target illuminance L0. Lights up.
- the S1 and S2 rows installed in the vicinity of the window are hardly lit, and are lit while increasing the output toward the back of the room with the S3, S4, and S5 rows.
- the desk surface of the room is illuminated by the sum of the illuminance by natural lighting and the illumination by the interior lighting device 2007, and the illuminance of the desk surface is 750 lx (“JIS Z9110 illumination” which is sufficient for work throughout the room. "Recommended maintenance illuminance in the office of" General "" can be realized.
- the daylighting device 2010 and the lighting dimming system indoor lighting device 2007
- One embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a daylighting apparatus or the like that needs to suppress a temperature rise between the windowglass and the daylighting apparatus and prevent thermal cracking of the substrate in the windowglass and daylighting apparatus.
Abstract
Description
本願は、2014年12月4日に、日本に出願された特願2014-245745号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
本実施形態の採光装置は、例えばオフィスビルの窓の一部に設置して太陽光を室内に採り入れるものである。
図1は、第1実施形態の採光装置を設置した窓の外観を示す斜視図である。図2は、図1のA-A’線に沿う断面図である。
図1及び図2に示すように、窓枠101に装着部1を介して採光装置2が設置され、採光装置2の下部にはブラインド3が設置されている。一般的なオフィスを想定して床から天井までの窓の高さが例えば270cmであったとすると、天井から約70cmの範囲に採光装置2が設置され、採光装置2の下方の約200cmの範囲にブラインド3が設置されている。ブラインド3は、例えば一対の固定具109を介して採光装置2の下部に取り付けられている。図2では固定具109の図示を省略している。
図3に示すように、本実施形態の採光装置2は、一面側から採り入れた光を他面から所定の角度分布で射出させる採光シート(採光部材)13と、を備えている。具体的には、本実施形態の採光装置2は、採光ユニット15と、フレーム16と、を備える。
本発明における透明基材として、上記したガラス板の他に、アクリル、ポリカーボネート、塩化ビニルなど、透明樹脂からなる基材を用いても良い。
光拡散シート11は、グレア領域に向かう方向の光を拡散させるためのもので、第1ガラス板10の第1面10aに貼り付けられている。採光シート13は、第2ガラス板12の第1面12aに貼り付けられている。第1ガラス板10、第2ガラス板12および第3ガラス板14は、厚みが3~6mm程度のガラス板であり、粘着材18を介して互いに間隔をおいて貼り合わされている。
このようにして採光ユニット15が構成されている。
図4に示すように、採光シート13は、外光、すなわち太陽光を室内に導入するように、表面に数十~数百μmオーダーの微細構造が形成されたシートである。採光シート13は、フィルム基材(第1基材)41と、突起状の複数の採光部42と、複数の採光部42の間に設けられた空隙部43と、を有する。複数の採光部42は、フィルム基材41の第1面41aにストライプ状に設けられている。採光部42は、Y方向(水平方向)に延在し、Z方向(鉛直方向)に互いに平行に配置されている。
これにより、十分な透明性が得られる。
なお、採光部42の形状は、上述した形状に限らず、長手方向と直交する断面が5角形であってもよいし、台形や3角形であってもよい。
本実施形態では、光を鉛直方向(YZ面内)に大きく拡散させる異方性を有する光拡散シート11が用いられているが、光を水平方向(XY面内)に大きく拡散させる異方性を有する光拡散シートが用いられてもよいし、光を等方的に拡散させる光拡散シートが用いられてもよい。
採光装置2を製造する際には、光拡散シート11を貼合した第1ガラス板10、採光シート13を貼合した第2ガラス板12、および第3ガラス板14を準備する。各シートの図示は省略する。これらのシートを各第1ガラス板10、第2ガラス板12、第3ガラス板14に貼合する際には、例えばアクリル系粘着材を用いてドライ貼りしてもよいし、水貼り用粘着材を用いて貼り合わせ位置の微調整を行いながら水貼りしてもよい。
次に、図5Cに示すように、一体化した3枚のガラス板10,12,14の周囲にフレーム16を取り付ける。このとき、3枚のガラス板10,12,14とフレーム16との接触を避け、フレーム16に外力が加わったときの衝撃を和らげるための緩衝材17(図示略)を、3枚のガラス板10,12,14とフレーム16との間に挿入する。
本実施形態における採光ユニット15には、図1~図3に示したように、当該採光ユニット15の厚さ方向に貫通する複数の換気孔8が形成されている。これら複数の換気孔8は、複層ガラス7側の空間K1と、採光ユニット15を隔てた室内側の空間K2と、を連通させる孔として機能する。
換気孔8を構成する上記貫通孔21,22,23は、図6Aに示すように、同じサイズ及び同じ形状で形成されており、採光ユニット15の法線方向から見て同心円状をなしていることが望ましい。
例えば図6Bに示すように、第1ガラス板10及び光拡散シート11に予め形成しておいた各貫通孔21、11aの中心位置が、第1ガラス板10と光拡散シート11との貼り合せ時にずれてしまっていてもよい。また、第2ガラス板12及び採光シート13に形成しておいた孔についても同様である。
採光ユニット15の法線方向から見て各貫通孔21,22,23の少なくとも一部が互いに重なっていれば、採光ユニット15の換気孔8として機能する。
本実施形態では、図7Aに示すように上記平面形状が円形をなしている換気孔8を採用しているが、これに限られることはない。例えば、図7Bに示す換気孔8Aのように図4に示した採光部42の長手方向に交差する方向(Z方向)に長軸が倣う楕円形状としてもよいし、図7Cに示す換気孔8Bのように、各採光部42の延在方向(Y方向)に長軸が倣う楕円形状としてもよい。また、図7D,図7Eに示す換気孔8C,8Dのように角部が曲面をなす多角形状としてもよい。
ここで、説明の便宜上、図8に示す採光部42に入射した光のうち、任意の1本の光束が採光部42の第5面(反射面)42Eに入射する点を入射点Gとする。入射点Gを通り、フィルム基材41の第1面41aに直交する仮想的な直線を直線fとする。直線fを含む水平面を境界とする2つの空間のうち、入射点Gに入射する光L1が存在する側の空間を第1空間S1とし、入射点に入射する光L1が存在しない側の空間を第2空間S2とする。
採光シート13の採光部42に入射した光L1は、例えば第3面42Cから入射して屈折し、第5面42E側に向かって進み、第5面42Eで反射した後、第2ガラス板12から射出角度θout≧0°で第1空間S1側へ向かって射出する。第2ガラス板12から射出された光L2は、光拡散シート11に入射し、凸レンズ部32により鉛直面内(XZ面内)で拡散される。
窓ガラスのうち、太陽光が直接照射される被照射領域は、光を吸収して高温となり膨張する。一方、窓ガラスの周辺部分は、窓サッシに嵌め込まれているため太陽光が照射されない。また、窓サッシや窓枠への放熱もあり、低温のままで膨張することはない。このため、被照射領域の熱膨張を周辺部分が拘束する状態となる。つまり、窓ガラスの周辺領域に引張応力(熱応力)が発生していることになる。この熱応力は、被照射領域と周辺領域との温度差に比例する。よって、窓ガラスのエッジ強度を超える引張応力が発生すると、窓ガラスが破壊する。この現象を熱割れと呼ぶ。
図9は、採光装置2に対する太陽光の第1入射不可能領域A1を示す縦断面図である。
図9に示すように、採光装置2に対して所定の太陽高度(入射角度θin)で入射する太陽光Lのうち、一部が建物の庇103や窓サッシ9によって遮光されてしまうことがある。つまり、太陽光Lの入射角度θinによっては、採光装置2の上部側に太陽光が入射しない領域(以下、第1入射不可能領域A1と言う。)が生じてしまう場合がある。
ここでは、窓枠101の表面から採光装置2の採光シート13の表面までの距離W1を、100mm、150mm、200mmと変化させた場合の太陽高度と第1入射不可能領域A1との関係を調べた。
図12に示すように、採光装置2に対して所定の太陽方位角Φinで入射する太陽光Lのうち、一部が窓サッシ9などによって遮光されてしまうことがある。つまり、太陽光Lの方位角Φinによっては、採光装置2の左右いずれかの側に太陽光Lが入射しない領域(以下、第2入射不可能領域A2と言う。)が生じてしまう場合がある。
ここでは、窓サッシ9の表面から採光装置2の採光シート13の表面までの距離W2を、100mm、150mm、200mmと変化させた場合の太陽光の方位角Φと第2入射不可能領域A2との関係を調べた。
図15Aは、採光シート13のみに太陽光が照射された様子を室内側から見た図である。これによると、採光シート13から射出された光のうち、採光部42の延在方向に交差する方向(Z方向)へ拡散された光が、グレアLGとして視認される。つまり、採光シート13のみを透過した光は、縦筋のグレアLGとして室内に居る人に視認されてしまう。
図17は、機能性部材を備えた採光部材の一例を示す図である。
図17に示すように、例えば、機能性部材25は、採光シート13の光入射側に配置され、第3ガラス板14の第2面14b(採光シート13に対向する面)に設けられる。機能性部材25の一つである入射角度制御部材は、任意の太陽高度(入射角度)において良好な採光特性を有する採光シート13に入射する光の角度を変化させるものである。これにより、採光装置2の設置場所や設置姿勢が異なる場合においても、全体的にシフトした入射光の変化分を補正し、この補正した光を採光部42へと入射させることができるので、任意の太陽高度において良好な採光特性を維持することが可能である。
図18A~図18Dは、採光装置の他の構成例を示す図である。なお、図中の紙面左側から各採光装置に太陽光が入射するものとする。
採光シート33及び光拡散シート11は、第1ガラス板10と第2ガラス板12との間にこれらとは離間した状態で配置されている。採光シート33と光拡散シート11との間にも間隔が設けられており、光の透過方向へ個々に配置されてフレーム16内に保持されている。本例では、採光シート33の光射出側に光拡散シート11が配置されているが、採光シート33の光入射側に光拡散シート11が配置されていてもよい。換気孔8は、第1ガラス板10、光拡散シート11、第2ガラス板12、採光シート33をそれぞれ貫通する貫通孔21,11a、13a、22によって構成されている。なお、第1ガラス板10に形成された貫通孔21及び第2ガラス板12に形成された貫通孔22が本発明における第3貫通孔に対応する。
次に、本発明における第2実施形態の採光装置の構成について述べる。
図19は、第2実施形態の採光装置の概略構成について示す断面図である。
本実施形態の採光装置20の基本構成は、先の第1実施形態の採光装置と略同様であるが、貫通孔を構成する各ガラス板間が密閉されている点において異なる。よって、以下の説明では、異なる部分について詳しく説明し、他の共通する構成については説明を省略する。
次に、本発明における第3実施形態の採光装置の構成について述べる。
図20Aは、第2実施形態の採光装置の概略構成について示す断面図である。なお、図20Aは、採光装置を天井側から見た断面図である。
図20Bでは、光拡散シート11を有する第1ガラス板10に形成された貫通孔21が、他の第2ガラス板12及び第3ガラス板14に形成された各貫通孔22,23とは完全にずれた位置に設けられている。つまり、第1ガラス板10の貫通孔22を通じて、採光シート13が見える状態となっている。そのため、採光シート13から射出された光が貫通孔22を通じてそのまま室内へ射出されてしまうおそれがある。この光はグレアの原因となるため好ましくない。また、換気孔8が一つの連続した連通孔を構成しないため、空気の流れが阻害されて換気効率が低下してしまう。
図21Aは、太陽光の方位角が広角の場合における入射光の透過光路を示す図であって、採光装置を天井側から見た断面図である。図21Bは、採光シートに形成された貫通孔を示す斜視図であり、図21Cは、光拡散シートに形成された貫通孔を示す斜視図である。
つまり、採光シート13側の貫通孔22の大きさに対して、光拡散シート11側の貫通孔21の大きさが、室内のどの場所に居る人からも貫通孔21を通じて採光シート13が見えることのない小ささで形成する。これにより、採光シート13から射出された光が直接室内に導光されてしまうのをより防ぐことが可能となる。
次に、本発明の第4実施形態の採光装置について説明する。
以下に示す本実施形態の採光装置の基本構成は、上記第1実施形態と略同様であるが、換気孔の内面が遮光性を有する材料から構成されている点において異なる。よって、以下の説明では、第1実施形態の構成と異なる点について詳しく説明し、共通な箇所の説明は省略する。また、説明に用いる各図面において、先の実施形態と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付すものとする。
図22に示すように、採光装置40は、採光ユニット15に形成された複数の換気孔8の各内面8aに遮光部材(遮光部材)44が設けられた点に特徴を有する。
これにより、各ガラス板10,12,14間で連続した換気孔8が形成されている。
図23に示すように、採光装置40には、年間を通じて様々な方位角の採用光が入射する。このため、第3実施形態においても述べたが、採光シート13から射出された光が光拡散シート11を透過せずに換気孔8を通じてそのまま室内へと導光されてしまうことがある。
次に、本発明の第5実施形態の採光装置について説明する。図24は、第5実施形態の採光装置の全体構成を示す正面図である。図25は、第5実施形態の採光装置の概略構成を示す断面図であって、図24のB-B’断面図である。
図26は、第5実施形態における採光装置の第1変形例を示す正面図である。図27は、図26に示す採光装置のC-C’断面図である。
第1変形例における採光装置53は、図26及び図27に示すように、複数の開口を有したフレーム54と、大きさの異なる2つの採光ユニット15A,15Bと、を備えて構成されている。
上記では、一つのフレーム内に複数の採光ユニットを備えた構成について述べたが、これに限られることはなく、例えば、一つのフレーム内に採光ユニットと空気穴とがそれぞれ一つずつ設けられた構成であってもよい。
次に、本発明の第6実施形態の採光装置について説明する。図30は、第6実施形態の採光装置の全体構成を示す正面図である。
以下に示す本実施形態の採光装置の基本構成は、上記第1実施形態と略同様であるが、採光ユニットの外形とフレームの開口の形状とが異なる。よって、以下の説明では、第1実施形態の構成と異なる点について詳しく説明し、共通な箇所の説明は省略する。また、説明に用いる各図面において、先の実施形態と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付すものとする。
次に、本発明の第7実施形態について説明する。図31は、第7実施形態の採光装置の全体構成を示す正面図である。図32は、図31に示した採光装置のE-E’断面図である。
また、本実施形態では、排気ファン73を駆動させる手段として太陽電池72を備えたが、他の駆動手段を備えてもよい。
先の実施形態では、各部材に一つずつ形成された複数の貫通孔によって換気孔が構成されていたが、一部の部材に貫通孔が複数形成されていてもよい。
図34は、採光装置及び照明調光システムを備えた部屋モデル2000であって、図35のJ-J’線に沿う断面図である。図35は、部屋モデル2000の天井を示す平面図である。
より具体的には、50個の室内照明装置2007が10行(Y方向)×5列(X方向)に配列されている。
Claims (13)
- 光透過性を有する第1基材と、前記第1基材の第1面または第2面に設けられた光透過性を有する突起状の複数の採光部と、を有する採光部材と、
前記第1面側の空間と、前記第1面とは反対側の第2面側の空間とを連通させる換気孔と、を備える採光装置。 - 前記換気孔は、前記採光部材における採光に寄与しない領域に設けられている請求項1に記載の採光装置。
- 前記採光部材には、厚さ方向を貫通する第1貫通孔が設けられており、
前記換気孔が前記第1貫通孔を含む
請求項1または2に記載の採光装置。 - 前記採光部材の光入射側及び光射出側のいずれか一方に配置される光拡散部材を備え、
前記換気孔が、前記第1貫通孔と、前記光拡散部材の厚さ方向を貫通する第2貫通孔と、を含み、
前記採光部材の法線方向から見て前記第2貫通孔の少なくとも一部が前記第1貫通孔と重なっている
請求項3に記載の採光装置。 - 前記光拡散部材が前記採光部材の光射出側に設けられ、
前記第2貫通孔の方が前記第1貫通孔よりも小さい形状とされている
請求項4に記載の採光装置。 - 前記第2貫通孔が長手方向を有する形状をなし、
前記長手方向が前記採光部の延在方向に沿うように前記第2貫通孔が存在している
請求項4または5に記載の採光装置。 - 前記光拡散部材が、前記光の拡散方向に異方性を有し、前記2つの空間の配置方向よりも、前記配置方向に交差する方向へ強く前記光を拡散させる異方性光拡散特性を有する接着層からなり、
前記光拡散部材を介して前記採光部材が透明基材に設けられている
請求項4から6のいずれか一項に記載の採光装置。 - 前記換気孔が、前記採光部材と、前記光拡散部材と、互いに離間して配置された前記採光部材及び前記光拡散部材の間に設けた接合部材と、によって一つの連通孔とされている
請求項4から7のいずれか一項に記載の採光装置。 - 前記換気孔が、前記採光部材に対して太陽光が入射しにくい領域に設けられている
請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の採光装置。 - 前記換気孔の内面に遮光性を有する材料が設けられている
請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の採光装置。 - 少なくとも前記採光部材を収容するフレームを備え、
前記採光部材と前記フレームとの間に前記換気孔が形成されている
請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の採光装置。 - 少なくとも前記採光部材を収容するフレームを備え、
前記フレームは少なくとも2つの開口部を有しており、
一方の前記開口部に前記採光部材が収容され、他方の前記開口部が前記換気孔として機能する請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の採光装置。 - 前記換気孔に、当該換気孔を介して光入射側の空気を光射出側へと排気させる排気ファンを備えている請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の採光装置。
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CN201580065524.1A CN107002454A (zh) | 2014-12-04 | 2015-12-03 | 采光装置 |
EP15865162.0A EP3228799A4 (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2015-12-03 | Daylighting device |
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WO2018003970A1 (ja) * | 2016-07-01 | 2018-01-04 | シャープ株式会社 | 採光装置 |
WO2018026675A1 (en) | 2016-07-31 | 2018-02-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Light redirecting constructions and methods for sealing edges thereof |
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JP6639019B2 (ja) * | 2014-07-02 | 2020-02-05 | シャープ株式会社 | 採光スラット及び採光装置 |
JPWO2017131012A1 (ja) * | 2016-01-29 | 2018-11-29 | シャープ株式会社 | 採光ブラインド、採光装置、照明システム |
US10538964B2 (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2020-01-21 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Daylighting device and daylighting system |
US10907403B2 (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2021-02-02 | Edward Lee Pemberton | Replacement window panel with air conditioner coupling |
JPWO2019225498A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-24 | 2021-07-15 | シャープ株式会社 | 採光装置 |
EP3803017B1 (de) * | 2018-06-07 | 2023-01-18 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Eckverbinder für isolierverglasungen mit elektrischer zuleitung |
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US10385608B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 |
EP3228799A1 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
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US20170362883A1 (en) | 2017-12-21 |
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