Classifications

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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
  • A61K31/407—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with other heterocyclic ring systems, e.g. ketorolac, physostigmine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C53/00—Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or hydrogen
  • C07C53/08—Acetic acid
  • C07C53/10—Salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C57/00—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C57/02—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
  • C07C57/13—Dicarboxylic acids
  • C07C57/15—Fumaric acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/01—Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group and containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
  • C07C59/06—Glycolic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/235—Saturated compounds containing more than one carboxyl group
  • C07C59/245—Saturated compounds containing more than one carboxyl group containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D207/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D207/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D207/24—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
  • C07D207/26—2-Pyrrolidones
  • C07D207/273—2-Pyrrolidones with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
  • C07D207/277—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
  • C07D207/28—2-Pyrrolidone-5- carboxylic acids; Functional derivatives thereof, e.g. esters, nitriles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
  • C07B2200/13—Crystalline forms, e.g. polymorphs

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to crystalline forms of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro- 11- methoxy-2-[(4-methyl-l-piperazinyl)methyl]-lH-cyclopenta[a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-l,3(2H)- dione and salts thereof.
• Compound A (4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro- 11 -methoxy-2-[(4-methyl- 1 - piperazinyl)methyl]-lH-cyclopenta[a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-l,3(2H)-dione) is a PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) inhibitor for use in the treatment of breast, ovarian, and other cancers, either alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. See, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 7,122,679; 8,716,493; and 8 633,314.
• Compound A is a prodrug of Compound B:
• Compound B [0005]
• the free base form of Compound A forms hydrates, which are undesirable.
• the free base form of Compound A has a low bulk density, impeding manufacturing.
• Alternative forms of Compound A are needed.
• the disclosure is directed to Compound A, acetate salt Form Ai .5 ; Compound A, glycolate salt hydrate Form Ai; Compound A, L-malate salt Form Ai; Compound A, L-malate salt Form Ai .5 ; Compound A, L-pyroglutamate salt Form Ai; Compound A, free base Form Co; Compound A, hydrochloride salt Form A; Compound A, fumarate salt Form A; and Compound A, p-toluenesulfonate salt Form A.
• Pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more of these forms are also described. Methods of using these forms is described, as well.
• Figure 1 shows an XRPD Pattern for Compound A Free Base, Form Ao.
• Figure 2 shows a DSC/TGA Overlay for Compound A Free Base, Form A 0 .
• Figure 3 shows an XRPD Pattern of Compound A Acetate Salt, Form A1.5.
• Figure 4 shows VT-XRPD Patterns of Compound A Acetate Salt, Form A1.5 - Requested Mode.
• Figure 5 shows VT-XRPD Patterns of Compound A Acetate Salt, Form A1.5 - Continuous Mode.
• Figure 6 shows a DSC and TGA Overlay of Compound A Acetate Salt, Form
• Figure 7 shows a DVS Overlay of Compound A Acetate Salt, Form A1.5.
• Figure 8 shows a photomicrograph of Compound A Acetate Salt, Form A1.5.
• Figure 9 shows an XRPD Pattern of Compound A Glycolate Salt Hydrate, Form AL
• Figure 10 shows thermal XRPD Patterns of Compound A Glycolate Salt
• Figure 1 1 shows a DSC and TGA Overlay of Compound A Glycolate Salt
• Figure 12 shows a DVS Overlay of Compound A Glycolate Salt Hydrate, Form Ai.
• Figure 13 shows a photomicrograph of Compound A Glycolate Salt Hydrate, Form Ai .
• Figure 14 shows an XRPD Pattern of Compound A L-Malate Salt, Form A L
• Figure 15 shows VT-XRPD Patterns of Compound A Malate Salt, Form A x .
• Figure 16 shows a DSC and TGA Overlay of Compound A L-Malate Salt, Form Ai.
• Figure 17 shows a DVS of Compound A L-Malate Salt, Form A
• Figure 18 shows a photomicrograph of Compound A L-Malate Salt, Form Ai.
• Figure 19 shows an XRPD Pattern of Compound A L-Malate Salt, Form Ai .5
• Figure 20 shows a DSC and TGA Overlay of Compound A L-Malate Salt, Form
• Figure 21 shows an XRPD Pattern of Compound A L-Pyroglutamate Salt, Form Ai.
• Figure 22 shows VT-XRPD Patterns of Compound A L-Pyroglutamate Salt, Form Ai.
• Figure 23 shows a DSC and TGA Overlay of Compound A L-Pyroglutamate Salt, Form Ai.
• Figure 24 shows a DVS of Compound A L-Pyroglutamate Salt, Form Ai.
• Figure 25 shows a photomicrograph of Compound A L-Pyroglutamate Salt, Form Ai.
• Figure 26 shows an XRPD Pattern of Compound A Free Base, Form Co.
• Figure 27 shows thermal XRPD Patterns of Compound A Free Base, Form Co.
• Figure 28 shows a DSC and TGA Overlay of Compound A Free Base, Form Co.
• Figure 29 shows a photomicrograph of Compound A A Free Base, Form Co .
• Figure 30 shows an XRPD Pattern of Compound A Hydrochloride Salt, Form A.
• Figure 31 shows a DSC and TGA Overlay of Compound A Hydrochloride Salt, Form A.
• Figure 32 shows a DVS of Compound A Hydrochloride Salt, Form A.
• Figure 33 shows an XRPD Pattern of Compound A Fumarate Salt, Form A.
• Figure 34 shows a DSC and TGA Overlay of Compound A Fumarate Salt, Form A.
• Figure 35 shows a XRPD Pattern of Compound A p-Toluenesulfonate Salt, Form A.
• Figure 36 shows a DSC and TGA Overlay of Compound A p-Toluenesulfonate Salt, Form A.
• Figure 37 shows plasma levels of Compound B, 1 mg/kg intravenous,
• Compound A ascorbic acid salt, 30 mg/kg oral, and Compound A, glycolate hydrate salt, 30 mg/kg oral in rat.
• Figure 38 shows the single crystal structure of Compound A, glycolate hydrate salt.
• the present disclosure addresses a need in the art by providing new forms of Compound A, including new crystalline free base forms of Compound A and new crystalline salt forms of Compound A.
• the disclosure is directed to, among other things, Compound A, acetate salt Form A 1 5 ; Compound A, glycolate salt hydrate Form Ai; Compound A, L-malate salt Form Ai; Compound A, L-malate salt Form Ai. 5 ; Compound A, L-pyroglutamate salt Form Ai; Compound A, free base Form Co; Compound A, hydrochloride salt Form A; Compound A, fumarate salt Form A; and Compound A, p-toluenesulfonate salt Form A. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more of these forms are also described.
• the present disclosure pertains to Compound A, acetate salt Form A1.5.
• this crystalline form is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising one or more of the following peaks: 6.4, 9.2, 12.7, 13.0, 15.2, 17.4, 18.4, 19.0, 19.3, 21.3, 21.5, 23.1, 24.1, 24.2, and/or 28.2 ⁇ 0.2 degrees 2-theta.
• this crystalline form comprises at least 3 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline for comprises at least 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in Figure 3.
• the disclosure is also directed to Compound A, glycolate hydrate salts. These salts can have varying amounts of water within the crystal structure.
• the ratio of Compound A to water can be from about 1 :0.1 to about 1 : 1.
• the ratio of Compound A to water is 1 :0.1; 1 :0.2; 1 :0.3; 1 :0.4; 1 :0.5; 1 :0.6; 1 :0.7; 1 :0.8; 1 :0.9 or 1 : 1.
• this crystalline form is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising one or more of the following peaks: 8.1, 8.2, 8.7, 13.9, 14.7, 14.9, 16.3, 17.4, 17.6, 18.2, 18.5, 19.0, 20.2, 20.6, 21.2, 21.4, 23.0, 24.5, 24.7, 26.1, 26.3, 28.0, 30.0, 30.1, 30.2, and/or 32.8 ⁇ 0.2 degrees 2-theta.
• this crystalline form comprises at least 3 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline for comprises at least 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in Figure 9.
• Yet another embodiment of the disclosure pertains to Compound A, L-malate salt Form ⁇ .
• this crystalline form is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising one or more of the following peaks: 8.6, 9.2, 10.1, 10.4, 11.7, 1 1.9, 14.7, 15.3, 15.6,
• this crystalline form comprises at least 3 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline for comprises at least 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in Figure 14.
• the disclosure pertains to Compound A, L-malate salt Form A1.5.
• this crystalline form is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising one or more of the following peaks: 5.5, 6.8, 8.0, 8.4, 8.8, 9.2, 1 1.8, 12.8, 13.1, 13.6, 14.4, 16.0, 16.7, 18.1, 18.5, 19.4, 20.2, 20.5, 21.1, 21.9, 23.4, and/or 24.6 ⁇ 0.2 degrees 2-theta.
• this crystalline form comprises at least 3 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline for comprises at least 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in Figure 19.
• this crystalline form is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising one or more of the following peaks: 6.0, 9.6, 10.3, 10.5, 1 1.0, 12.0, 13.2, 15.0, 16.7, 17.5, 17.8, 18.0, 19.0, 20.8, 21.0, 21.1, 22.0, 22.1, 23.1, 23.4, 23.5, 24.8, and/or 26.6 ⁇ 0.2 degrees 2-theta.
• this crystalline form comprises at least 3 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline for comprises at least 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in Figure 21.
• this crystalline form is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising one or more of the following peaks: 8.5, 8.8, 13.9, 14.4, 15.4, 17.6, 18.1, 18.5, 19.2, 19.7, 20.4, 21.1, 21.4, 21.9, 23.6, 24.6, 29.4 and/or 30.1 ⁇ 0.2 degrees 2-theta.
• this crystalline form comprises at least 3 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline for comprises at least 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in Figure 27.
• this crystalline form is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising one or more of the following peaks: 7.5, 8.6, 12.2, 17.1, 18.8, 18.9, 22.3, 24.5, 25.6, 26.1, 33.5, and/or 34.1 ⁇ 0.2 degrees 2-theta.
• this crystalline form comprises at least 3 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline for comprises at least 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in Figure 30.
• this crystalline form is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising one or more of the following peaks: 9.0, 10.5, 1 1.1, 14.9, 17.1, 17.7, 19.3, 21.1, 22.3, 22.9, 23.5, 24.0, 24.2, 25.7, 25.9, 27.3, 29.0, and/or 31.1 ⁇ 0.2 degrees 2- theta.
• this crystalline form comprises at least 3 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline for comprises at least 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in Figure 33.
• this crystalline form is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising one or more of the following peaks: 6.0, 9.6, 10.3, 10.5, 1 1.0, 12.0, 12.9, 13.2, 15.0, 16.7, 17.0, 17.5, 17.8, 18.0, 19.0, 20.8, 21.0, 21.1, 22.1, 22.7, 23.1, 23.4, 23.5, 24.8, , and/or 26.6 ⁇ 0.2 degrees 2-theta.
• this crystalline form comprises at least 3 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline for comprises at least 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 of the foregoing peaks.
• this crystalline form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in Figure 35.
• the polymorphic forms of the disclosure are substantially free of any other polymorphic forms, or of specified polymorphic forms.
• substantially free is meant that the forms of the present invention contain 20% (w/w) or less, 10% (w/w) or less, 5% (w/w) or less, 2% (w/w) or less, particularly 1% (w/w) or less, more particularly 0.5% (w/w) or less, and most particularly 0.2% (w/w) or less of either any other polymorphs, or of a specified polymorph or polymorphs.
• the polymorphs of the disclosure contain from 1% to 20% (w/w), from 5% to 20% (w/w), or from 5% to 10% (w/w) of any other polymorphs or of a specified polymorph or polymorphs.
• the salts and solid state forms of the present invention have advantageous properties including at least one of: high crystallinity, solubility, dissolution rate, morphology, thermal and mechanical stability to polymorphic conversion and/or to dehydration, storage stability, low content of residual solvent, a lower degree of hygroscopicity, flowability, and advantageous processing and handling characteristics such as compressibility, and bulk density.
• a crystal form may be referred to herein as being characterized by graphical data "as substantially depicted in" a Figure.
• Such data include, for example, powder X-ray diffractograms.
• the skilled person will understand that such graphical representations of data may be subject to small variations, e.g., in peak relative intensities and peak positions due to factors such as variations in instrument response and variations in sample concentration and purity, which are well known to the skilled person. Nonetheless, the skilled person would readily be capable of comparing the graphical data in the Figures herein with graphical data generated for an unknown crystal form and confirm whether the two sets of graphical data are
• amorphous means lacking a characteristic crystal shape or crystalline structure.
• crystalline means having a regularly repeating arrangement of molecules or external face planes.
• crystalline form refers to a solid chemical compound or mixture of compounds that provides a characteristic pattern of peaks when analyzed by x-ray powder diffraction; this includes, but is not limited to, polymorphs, solvates, hydrates, co-crystals, and de-solvated solvates.
• polymorphic or "polymorphism” is defined as the possibility of at least two different crystalline arrangements for the same chemical molecule.
• solution refers to a mixture containing at least one solvent and at least one compound at least partially dissolved in the solvent.
• compositions include any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents and the like.
• the use of such media and agents for pharmaceutical active substances is well known in the art, such as in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th ed.; Gennaro, A. R., Ed.; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, Pa., 2000. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active ingredient, its use in the therapeutic compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active ingredients can also be incorporated into the compositions.
• compositions of the present invention may be used in a variety of ways, including but not limited to the enhancement of the anti-tumor activity of radiation or DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents (Griffin, R. J.; Curtin, N. J.; Newell, D. R.; Golding, B. T.; Durkacz. B. W.; Calvert, A. H. The role of inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase as resistance-modifying agents in cancer therapy. Biochemie 1995, 77, 408).
• the crystalline forms of the present invention can be administered by any means that results in the contact of the active agent with the agent's site of action in the body of the subject.
• the crystalline forms may be administered by any conventional means available for use in conjunction with pharmaceuticals, either as individual therapeutic agents or in combination with other therapeutic agents, such as, for example, analgesics.
• the crystalline forms of the present invention are preferably administered in therapeutically effective amounts for the treatment of the diseases and disorders described herein to a subject in need thereof.
• the crystalline forms of the present invention may be administered by any route that drugs are conventionally administered.
• routes of administration include intraperitoneal, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intrathecal, intracheal, intraventricular, oral, buccal, rectal, parenteral, intranasal, transdermal or intradermal. Administration may be systemic or localized.
• compositions may be administered in pure form, combined with other active ingredients, or combined with pharmaceutically acceptable nontoxic excipients or carriers.
• Oral compositions will generally include an inert diluent carrier or an edible carrier.
• Pharmaceutically compatible binding agents, and/or adjuvant materials can be included as part of the composition.
• Tablets, pills, capsules, troches and the like can contain any of the following ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin; an excipient such as starch or lactose, a dispersing agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or corn starch; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide; a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methyl salicylate, or orange flavoring.
• a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin
• an excipient such as starch or lactose, a dispersing agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or corn starch
• a lubricant such as magnesium stearate
• a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide
• a sweetening agent such as sucrose or
• dosage unit forms can contain various other materials that modify the physical form of the dosage unit, for example, coatings of sugar, shellac, or enteric agents.
• a syrup may contain, in addition to the active compounds, sucrose as a sweetening agent and certain preservatives, dyes, colorings, and flavorings.
• Alternative preparations for administration include sterile aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, suspensions, and emulsions.
• nonaqueous solvents are dimethylsulfoxide, alcohols, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate.
• Aqueous carriers include mixtures of alcohols and water, buffered media, and saline.
• Intravenous vehicles include fluid and nutrient replenishers, electrolyte replenishers, such as those based on Ringer's dextrose, and the like. Preservatives and other additives may also be present such as, for example, antimicrobials, antioxidants, chelating agents, inert gases, and the like.
• Preferred methods of administration of the crystalline forms to mammals include intraperitoneal injection, intramuscular injection, and intravenous infusion.
• Various liquid formulations are possible for these delivery methods, including saline, alcohol, DMSO, and water based solutions.
• the concentration may vary according to dose and volume to be delivered and can range from about 1 to about 1000 mg/mL.
• Other constituents of the liquid formulations can include preservatives, inorganic salts, acids, bases, buffers, nutrients, vitamins, or other pharmaceuticals such as analgesics or additional PARP and kinase inhibitors.
• Solvents used in the following examples were of reagent-grade quality and were used without further purification.
• Known forms of Compound A are indicated by Ao and Bo for anhydrous material and 3 ⁇ 4 for hydrate.
• Standard Reflection Mode Measurements Powder X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded on a PANalytical X Pert Pro diffractometer equipped with an X'celerator detector using CuK a radiation at 45 kV and 40 mA. K al radiation was obtained with a highly oriented crystal (Gel 1 1) incident beam monochromator. A 10mm beam mask, and fixed (1/4°) divergence and anti-scatter (1/8°) slits were inserted on the incident beam side. A fixed 5mm receiving slit and a 0.04 radian Soller block were inserted on the diffracted beam side. The X- ray powder pattern scan was collected from ca.
• SCXRD - Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction For data collection, a piece (0.12 x 0.04 x 0.03 mm3) was broken from a clump of about three or four separate pieces to give an apparently single crystal. The crystal was mounted on a fine glass fiber with the aid of polyisobutene oil (also known as PARATONE) onto a Bruker-Nonius X8 Proteum
• Positional and anisotropic displacement parameters of all non-hydrogen atoms were refined.
• the H atoms were located in a difference Fourier's map, but those attached to carbon atoms were repositioned geometrically.
• the H atoms were initially refined with soft restraints on the bond lengths and angles to regularize their geometry (C-H in the range 0.93- 0.98 and N-H to 0.86 A) and Uiso(H) (in the range 1.2-1.5 times Ueq of the parent atom), after which the positions were refined with riding constraints.
• VT-XRPD Variable Temperature X-Ray Powder Diffraction
• the measurements were done with a nitrogen flow through the camera. Two measurement schemes were used, restricted and continuous. In the restricted mode, measurements were made, only after the CHC chamber reached the requested temperature. In the continuous mode, the sample was heated at 10°C/minute and fast scans were measured as the temperature changed. In both cases, after the requested temperature was reached, the sample was cooled at 35°C/minute and a slow scan was measured at 25°C. The slow 2 ⁇ scans were collected from ca. 3 to 30° or 40° with a 0.0080° step size and 100.97 sec counting time which resulted in a scan rate of approximately 0.5°/min. The fast scans were collected from ca. 3 to 30° 2 ⁇ with a 0.0167° step size and 1.905 sec counting time which resulted in a scan rate of approximately 44°/min.
• DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• MDSC Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Thermogravimetric Mass Spectrometry (TGA/MS): Thermal curves were acquired using a Perkin-Elmer Pyris 1 TGA unit running Pyris software version 6.0 calibrated with alumel (95% nickel, 2% manganese, 2% aluminum and 1% silicon), nickel and calcium oxalate monohydrate. TGA samples between 1-5 mg were monitored for percent weight loss as heated from 25 to 250°C at 10°C/min in a furnace purged with Helium at ca. 50 mL/min. To simultaneously follow the evolution of the gaseous decomposition products over the temperature range investigated, the thermobalance was connected to a ThermoStar Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (Asslar, Germany).
• the transfer line to introduce gaseous decomposition products into the mass spectrometer was a deactivated fused silica capillary (SGE Analytical science, Fused Silica (100% Methyl Deactivated), 220 mm OD, 150 mm ID, Australia) temperature controlled to 200°C to avoid possible condensation of the evolved gases. In this way the TGA weight loss and the mass spectrometric ion intensity curves of the selected ionic species could be recorded simultaneously.
• DVS experiments have been carried out using the DVS-HT instrument (Surface Measurement Systems, London, UK). This instrument measures the uptake and loss of vapor gravimetrically using a recording ultra- microbalance with a mass resolution of ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ g.
• the vapor partial pressure ( ⁇ 1.0%) around the sample is controlled by mixing saturated and dry carrier gas streams using electronic mass flow controllers.
• the desired temperature is maintained at ⁇ 0.1 °C.
• the samples (1 - 10 mg) were placed into the DVS-HT and DVS-1 instruments at the desired temperature.
• the sample was loaded and unloaded at 40% RH and 25°C (typical room conditions). A moisture sorption isotherm was performed as outlined below (2 scans giving 1 complete cycle).
• the software uses a least squares minimization procedure together with a model of the mass relaxation, to predict an asymptotic value.
• the measured mass equilibration value must be within 2% of that predicted by the software before proceeding to the next % RH value.
• the minimum equilibration time was set to 1 hour and the maximum to 4 hours.
• Optical Microscopy Microscopic observation of the sample morphology was performed using an Olympus B60 polarized light microscope. Samples were suspended in mineral oil and compressed on a glass slide with a cover slip prior to observation. Images were taken with a FW-24 (PAX CAM) camera. A lOx objective coupled with an additional lOx magnification from the microscope optics gave a total magnification of lOOx. PAX-it software (Version 6.2) was used to capture and analyze the images.
• Equipment Testing was performed on a calibrated and validated Agilent 1200 Rapid Resolution High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system designated LC-0430-AD or LC-418-1D.
• HPLC Rapid Resolution High Performance Liquid Chromatography
• the system comprises a binary SL pump, degasser, high performance autosampler SL with a fraction collector, thermostated column compartment with a 2 valve column switcher, and a DAD SL detector. All standard solutions and samples were prepared in Class A glass volumetric flasks and were placed in autosampler vials. Standard weighings were done using a calibrated Mettler analytical balance. The sample preparations were centrifuged using an Eppendorf microcentrifuge. The primary chromatography data was acquired and integrated using Empower 2 software. Microsoft Office Excel 2003 was used for the calculation of results.
• HPLC Rapid Resolution High Performance Liquid Chromatography
• a solution of 240 mg of Compound A (0.57 mmoles) was prepared in 12 mL of acetone and warmed with stirring to dissolve. Twelve equal aliquots of this solution will give 20 mg (0.0478mmoles) of Compound A in 1 mL of acetone in each vial. The weight of acid corresponding to 1.05 equivalents (0.06 mmoles) of acid was weighed or added by pipette if liquid to 12 1.5 mL HPLC vials. To each vial one of the aliquots of Compound A was added. The vials were capped and warmed with stirring to mix and subject to 2 cycles of slow cooling on the HEL unit.
• Each cycle of slow cooling on the HEL unit consisted of heating over a period of 1 hour to 80°C holding for 1 hour at 80°C and then cooling over a period of 5 hours to 5°C and holding at 5°C for 16-18 hours. Solid was isolated by suction filtration and samples were dried at 50°C overnight at house vacuum (-200 mm). The results are presented in Table 6.
• the DSC curve of the acetate salt, Form A 1 .5, shows the presence of one endothermic/degradation peak; at 185.4°C having a AHF us of 172.0 J/g ( Figure 6).
• the acetate salt had a weight loss of 29.5% between 25 and 150°C.
• the ⁇ - MR spectrum showed all of the peaks expected for Compound A.
• the peak at about 7.5 ppm was normalized to the one aromatic proton expected to absorb in this region.
• the remainder of the peaks associated with Compound A then followed in the proper ratio.
• Compound A Assay values are probably reflecting loss of acetic acid as seen in the thermal and XRPD work cited above. DSC, HPLC Purity and Compound B assay are relatively constant during the study. A monoacetate salt should assay as 87.5% Compound A. A diacetate salt should Assay as 77.7% Compound A. The values in Table 8, suggest that the salt is changing composition as it aged. The ⁇ - MR measured 1.5 molecules of acetic acid per molecule of Compound A. The XRPD pattern showed peaks for a hydrate Compound A Free Base, Form Ha. Possibly as the sample aged the excess acetic acid volatilized. The volatility of acetic acid and the changing XRPD pattern suggest that another candidate be chosen.
• the single crystal X-ray structure confirmed the presence of the glycolate anion and showed that the piperazine nitrogen atom carries the hydrogen atom.
• the molecule is shown in Figure 38.
• the structure also shows a water molecule which is present at 60% occupancy, that is, the ratio of Compound A to water is 1 :0.6. Structural details are given in the below table.
• the DSC curve of the glycolate hydrate salt, Form Ai shows the presence of two different endothermic peaks; one at 77.4°C having a AHF us of 63.4 J/g and a second peak at 209.0°C and a AH Fus of 170.9 J/g ( Figure 11).
• the glycolate hydrate salt had a weight loss of 1.9% between 25 and 150°C.
• the initial XRPD pattern is as expected. There is no change in form on exposure to a dry N2 atmosphere ( Figure 15). There is a change when the sample is held at 175°C for an hour. The fast scan measured when 175°C was first reached compares to the starting pattern. The crystalinity is almost completely gone in the fast scan measured after 175°C. The slow scan pattern observed for this sample after heating to 175°C and cooling to 25°C partially compares to the pattern for Compound B. This observation is consistent with thermal decomposition to Compound B.
• the DSC curve of the malate salt, Form Ai shows the presence of one endothermic peak; at 186.4°C having a AHF us of 75.7 J/g ( Figure 16).
• the malate salt had a weight loss of 1.0% between 25 and 150°C.
• the sample showed individual crystals and agglomerates of irregular shaped crystals.
• the sample showed birefringence under plane polarized light.
• the DSC curve of the L-malate salt, Form A L5 shows the presence of one endothermic peak; at 160.4°C having a AHF us of 39.2 J/g ( Figure 20).
• the L-malate salt had a weight loss of 3.6% between 25 and 150°C. This Form melts at a much lower temperature and has a larger weight loss than the malate salt, Form Ai .
• the DSC curve of the L-pyroglutamate salt, Form Ai shows the presence of two endothermic peaks; at 50.4°C having a AHF us of 35.6 J/g and 198.2°C having a AHF u of 76.8 J/g ( Figure 23).
• the pyroglutamate salt had a weight loss of 3.5% between 25 and 150°C.
• the sample presented agglomerates of irregular shaped crystals as shown in Figure 25.
• the sample showed birefringence under plane polarized light.
• glycolate hydrate Form Ai L-malate Form Ai and the one and two equivalent preparations of L-pyroglutamate Form Ai are compared.
• the glycolate hydrate salt, Form Ai generated the least amount of Compound B during 40° C and 75% RH stability testing.
• the glycolate hydrate exhibited a preference for water absorption since the TGA value increased to 3.5 % during stability testing (Table 10).
• Variable temperature XRPD measurements are shown in Figure 27.
• the initial XRPD pattern compares to the expected pattern for Form C 0 .
• After heating to 235°C the XRPD pattern is changed and is similar to, but not the same as, the pattern observed for Compound B. Similar patterns have been seen for other VT samples. There seem to be two components present in this decomposition product.
• the DSC curve of the hydrochloride salt, Form A shows one endothermic peak at 247.3°C having a AH Fus of 41.6 J/g ( Figure 31).
• the hydrochloride salt, Form A had a weight loss of 0.2% between 25 and 150°C.
• the DVS Plot ( Figure 32) indicated there is surface adsorption with limited bulk absorption throughout the entire RH range. The total uptake in moisture is -2.25%.
• the DSC curve of the p-toluenesulfonate salt, Form A shows the presence of one endothermic peak; at 239.6°C having a AH Fus of 38.5 J/g ( Figure 36).
• Form A had a weight loss of 0.04% between 25 and 150°C.

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