WO2016084620A1 - 密閉型二次電池の監視センサ、密閉型二次電池、及び、密閉型二次電池の監視方法 - Google Patents
密閉型二次電池の監視センサ、密閉型二次電池、及び、密閉型二次電池の監視方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016084620A1 WO2016084620A1 PCT/JP2015/081881 JP2015081881W WO2016084620A1 WO 2016084620 A1 WO2016084620 A1 WO 2016084620A1 JP 2015081881 W JP2015081881 W JP 2015081881W WO 2016084620 A1 WO2016084620 A1 WO 2016084620A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in magnetic properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a monitoring sensor for monitoring a sealed secondary battery, a sealed secondary battery to which the sensor is attached, and a monitoring method for the sealed secondary battery.
- sealed secondary batteries represented by lithium ion secondary batteries (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as “secondary batteries”) are not only mobile devices such as mobile phones and laptop computers, but also electric vehicles and hybrids. It is also used as a power source for electric vehicles such as cars.
- a single battery (cell) constituting a secondary battery has a structure in which an electrode group is accommodated in a sealed outer package, and the electrode group includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode with a separator interposed therebetween. It is composed of times or layers.
- a laminate film such as an aluminum laminate foil or a cylindrical or square metal can is used for the exterior body.
- Patent Document 1 describes a monitoring device in which a pressure sensor is arranged in a space inside a safety valve of a lithium ion secondary battery and the detected pressure is displayed on a display.
- Patent Document 2 describes a sealed storage battery in which a pressure-sensitive conductive rubber whose resistance value changes with an increase in internal pressure is provided in a battery case.
- the battery case is provided with electrical wiring from the inside to the outside, and a special structure for maintaining a sealed structure is required for the battery case.
- a metal layer is formed by forming a part in which metal layers are brought into contact with each other without the presence of a resin layer in a part of the welded part where the peripheral edges of the laminate film are welded, and the part is peeled off.
- a laminated battery that detects an increase in internal pressure by a change in voltage value or a change in resistance value is described. However, in this battery, detection is not performed unless the internal pressure is high enough to cause peeling at the welded part, and forming a part where the resin layer does not exist at the welded part or stripping the metal layer is a failure. Undesirable because it can cause.
- Patent Document 4 describes a tactile sensor that includes an elastomer including a magnetic filler and a magnetic sensor that detects a magnetic change caused by deformation of the elastomer, which is a pressure that detects a pressure acting on the elastomer. It is configured as a sensor.
- this tactile sensor is assumed to be applied to the hand and skin of a robot to which a relatively large external force acts, and is insensitive to monitoring the deformation of the sealed secondary battery as described above. It may be enough.
- it is very important to increase the detection sensitivity, but a technique for that purpose is not disclosed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a monitoring sensor for a sealed secondary battery, a sealed secondary battery, and a sealed type capable of detecting deformation with high sensitivity without disturbing the sealed structure. It is in providing the monitoring method of a secondary battery.
- a monitoring sensor for a sealed secondary battery according to the present invention is a monitoring sensor for a sealed secondary battery in which an electrode group is housed inside a sealed exterior body, and includes a magnetic filler, and the exterior body or the electrode A polymer matrix layer attached to the group, and a magnetic detection unit that detects a magnetic change accompanying deformation of the polymer matrix layer. Furthermore, in the monitoring sensor for a sealed secondary battery according to the present invention, the magnetization direction of the magnetic filler contained in the polymer matrix layer and the position of the magnetic detector with respect to the polymer matrix layer are described below. One of the four aspects is adopted.
- the magnetic detection unit when the outer casing or electrode group of the secondary battery is deformed, the polymer matrix layer is deformed accordingly, and the magnetic change accompanying the deformation of the polymer matrix layer is detected by the magnetic detection unit. .
- the magnetic detection unit since it is the structure which detects a magnetic change, the electrical wiring from a polymer matrix layer to a magnetic detection part is not required, Therefore, a sealing structure is not prevented.
- any one of the first to fourth aspects can be adopted to detect the deformation of the secondary battery with high sensitivity. it can.
- the magnetic filler is magnetized along the in-plane direction of the polymer matrix layer, and an interface layer is formed between the polymer matrix layers arranged with their edges facing each other.
- the magnetization direction of the magnetic filler is opposite to each other on one side and the other side across the interface layer and is a direction intersecting with the interface layer when viewed from the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer.
- the magnetic detection unit is arranged on a straight line extending through the layer in the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer. In this configuration, since the magnetic detection part is arranged at a position where the magnetic flux density is increased (the magnetic field becomes stronger) in the polymer matrix layer where the interface layer is formed as described above, the deformation of the secondary battery is detected with high sensitivity. it can.
- the magnetic filler is magnetized along the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer, and extends in the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer through the edge of the polymer matrix layer.
- a configuration in which the magnetic detection unit is arranged on a straight line is provided. According to this configuration, since the magnetic detection unit is disposed at a position where the magnetic flux density is increased (the magnetic field is increased) in the polymer matrix layer as described above, deformation of the secondary battery can be detected with high sensitivity.
- the magnetic filler is magnetized along the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer, and a gap is provided between the polymer matrix layers arranged with their edges facing each other.
- the magnetization direction of the magnetic filler is the same on one side and the other side across the gap, and the magnetic detection unit is arranged on a straight line extending in the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer through the gap. Configuration is provided. In this configuration, since the magnetic detection unit is disposed at a position where the magnetic flux density is increased (the magnetic field is increased) in the polymer matrix layer provided with the gap as described above, deformation of the secondary battery can be detected with high sensitivity.
- the magnetic filler is magnetized along the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer, and an interface layer is formed between the polymer matrix layers arranged with their edges facing each other.
- the magnetic detection is performed on a straight line extending in the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer through the interface layer in which the magnetization directions of the magnetic fillers are opposite to each other on one side and the other side across the interface layer.
- a configuration in which the parts are arranged is provided. In this configuration, since the magnetic detection part is arranged at a position where the magnetic flux density is increased (the magnetic field becomes stronger) in the polymer matrix layer where the interface layer is formed as described above, the deformation of the secondary battery is detected with high sensitivity. it can.
- the sealed secondary battery according to the present invention is provided with the above-described monitoring sensor.
- the polymer matrix layer is deformed accordingly, and the magnetic change accompanying the deformation of the polymer matrix layer is detected by the magnetic detection unit.
- the electrical wiring from a polymer matrix layer to a magnetic detection part is not required, and a sealing structure is not prevented.
- any one of the first to fourth aspects is adopted, so that the deformation can be detected with high sensitivity.
- the method for monitoring a sealed secondary battery uses the monitoring sensor described above to detect a magnetic change accompanying the deformation of the polymer matrix layer by the magnetic detection unit, and based on that, the sealed secondary battery It detects battery deformation. According to this monitoring method, the deformation can be detected with high sensitivity without hindering the sealed structure of the secondary battery as described above.
- FIG. 1 perspective view and (b) AA cross-sectional view showing an example of a sealed secondary battery to which a monitoring sensor is attached
- Schematic showing the structure of a polymer matrix layer in which magnetic fillers are unevenly distributed
- Schematic which shows an example of the monitoring sensor which concerns on a 1st aspect.
- the graph which shows the result of the magnetic flux density measurement by the monitoring sensor of FIG.
- the figure explaining the measuring method of magnetic flux density Schematic which shows an example of the monitoring sensor which concerns on a 2nd aspect.
- Schematic which shows the other example of the monitoring sensor which concerns on a 2nd aspect.
- Schematic which shows an example of the monitoring sensor which concerns on a 3rd aspect.
- the graph which shows the result of the magnetic flux density measurement by the monitoring sensor of FIG. Schematic which shows an example of the monitoring sensor which concerns on a 4th aspect.
- the graph which shows the result of the magnetic flux density measurement by the monitoring sensor of FIG. Schematic diagram of monitoring sensor shown for comparison
- the unit cell 2 constituting the secondary battery 1 has a structure in which an electrode group 22 is accommodated inside a sealed exterior body 21.
- the electrode group 22 is configured by winding a positive electrode and a negative electrode with a separator between them, and an electrolytic solution is held in the separator.
- a laminate film such as an aluminum laminate foil is used as the exterior body 21, and the electrode group 22 has a cylindrical wound structure.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 contains a magnetic filler.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 is preferably a magnetic elastomer layer in which a magnetic filler is dispersed in a matrix made of an elastomer component.
- the magnetic filler examples include rare earths, irons, cobalts, nickels, oxides, etc., but rare earths capable of obtaining higher magnetic force are preferable.
- the shape of the magnetic filler is not particularly limited, and may be spherical, flat, needle-like, columnar, or indefinite.
- the average particle size of the magnetic filler is preferably 0.02 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 400 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 0.5 to 300 ⁇ m. When the average particle size is smaller than 0.02 ⁇ m, the magnetic properties of the magnetic filler tend to be lowered, and when the average particle size exceeds 500 ⁇ m, the mechanical properties of the magnetic elastomer layer tend to be lowered and become brittle.
- the magnetic filler may be introduced into the elastomer after magnetization, but is preferably magnetized after being introduced into the elastomer. By magnetizing after being introduced into the elastomer, it becomes easy to magnetize the magnetic filler in a desired direction, which is convenient for increasing the sensitivity of the monitoring sensor.
- thermoplastic elastomer a thermoplastic elastomer, a thermosetting elastomer, or a mixture thereof can be used.
- thermoplastic elastomer examples include styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer, polyolefin-based thermoplastic elastomer, polyurethane-based thermoplastic elastomer, polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer, polyamide-based thermoplastic elastomer, polybutadiene-based thermoplastic elastomer, polyisoprene-based thermoplastic elastomer, A fluororubber-based thermoplastic elastomer can be used.
- thermosetting elastomer examples include polyisoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, polychloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, diene synthetic rubber such as ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, butyl rubber, acrylic rubber, Non-diene synthetic rubbers such as polyurethane rubber, fluorine rubber, silicone rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, and natural rubber can be mentioned.
- a thermosetting elastomer is preferable because it can suppress the sag of the magnetic elastomer accompanying heat generation and overload of the battery. More preferred is polyurethane rubber (also referred to as polyurethane elastomer) or silicone rubber (also referred to as silicone elastomer).
- Polyurethane elastomer is obtained by reacting polyol and polyisocyanate.
- an active hydrogen-containing compound and a magnetic filler are mixed, and an isocyanate component is mixed here to obtain a mixed solution.
- a liquid mixture can also be obtained by mixing a magnetic filler with an isocyanate component and mixing an active hydrogen-containing compound. The mixed liquid is poured into a mold subjected to a release treatment, and then heated to a curing temperature and cured to produce a magnetic elastomer.
- a magnetic elastomer can be produced by adding a magnetic filler to a silicone elastomer precursor, mixing it, putting it in a mold, and then heating and curing it. In addition, you may add a solvent as needed.
- isocyanate component that can be used in the polyurethane elastomer
- compounds known in the field of polyurethane can be used.
- the isocyanate component may be modified such as urethane modification, allophanate modification, biuret modification, and isocyanurate modification.
- Preferred isocyanate components are 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
- polyurethane those usually used in the technical field of polyurethane can be used.
- Polyester polyol such as polyester polyol, polycaprolactone polyol, reaction product of polyester glycol and alkylene carbonate such as polycaprolactone, and the like, and the reaction of the resulting reaction mixture with organic polyol.
- Polyester polycarbonate polyol reacted with dicarboxylic acid, esterification of polyhydroxyl compound and aryl carbonate High molecular weight polyol polycarbonate polyols obtained by the reaction can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Preferred active hydrogen-containing compounds are polytetramethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, a copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, a polyester polyol composed of 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol and adipic acid, more preferably polypropylene glycol, propylene It is a copolymer of oxide and ethylene oxide.
- the isocyanate component As a preferred combination of the isocyanate component and the active hydrogen-containing compound, as the isocyanate component, one or more of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, active hydrogen
- the contained compound include polytetramethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, a copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, and one or more of 3-methyl-1,5-pentaneadipate.
- a combination of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate as the isocyanate component and polypropylene glycol and / or a copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide as the active hydrogen-containing compound. is there.
- a known catalyst can be used without limitation, but triethylenediamine (1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane), N, N, N ′, N′—
- a tertiary amine catalyst such as tetramethylhexanediamine or bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether is preferably used, and a metal catalyst such as tin octylate or lead octylate can be used in combination.
- the amount of the magnetic filler in the magnetic elastomer is preferably 1 to 2000 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 1500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the elastomer component. If this is less than 1 part by weight, it tends to be difficult to detect magnetic changes, and if it exceeds 2000 parts by weight, the magnetic elastomer itself may become brittle.
- the elastic modulus of the polymer matrix layer 3 is preferably 0.01 to 10 MPa, more preferably 0.02 to 8 MPa, still more preferably 0.03 to 6 MPa, and still more preferably 0.05 to 5 MPa.
- the elastic modulus is smaller than 0.01 MPa, handling becomes difficult because the handling property of the polymer matrix layer 3 is deteriorated.
- the elastic modulus is larger than 10 MPa, the polymer matrix layer 3 is not easily deformed and the sensor sensitivity tends to be lowered.
- Examples of a method for obtaining an elastic modulus in the range of 0.01 to 10 MPa include addition of a plasticizer, addition of a monool component, adjustment of NCO index, and the like.
- This elastic modulus is a compressive elastic modulus measured according to JIS K-7312.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 is formed in a sheet shape, and the thickness thereof is preferably 50 to 3000 ⁇ m, more preferably 60 to 2000 ⁇ m, still more preferably 70 to 1500 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is smaller than 50 ⁇ m, the handling property tends to be deteriorated due to brittleness when a required amount of filler is added.
- the thickness is larger than 3000 ⁇ m, it may be difficult to dispose the polymer matrix layer 3 inside the outer package 21 depending on the size of the internal space of the unit cell 2 (for example, FIGS. 15 and 16). There is.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 is attached to the exterior body 21. Specifically, the polymer matrix layer 3 is attached to the outer surface of the exterior body 21.
- the exterior body 21 is formed in a thin rectangular parallelepiped shape as a whole and includes a plurality of wall portions 28a to 28c.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 may be attached to any of the walls 28a to 28c.
- An adhesive or an adhesive tape may be used for attaching the polymer matrix layer 3 as necessary.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 may be one in which the magnetic filler is uniformly dispersed, but the magnetic filler is unevenly distributed in the thickness direction (vertical direction in FIG. 2) of the polymer matrix layer 3 as shown in FIG. Those are preferred.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 has a region 3a on one side with a relatively large amount of magnetic filler and a region 3b on the other side with a relatively small amount of magnetic filler.
- the arrow in the region 3a represents the magnetization direction (magnetization direction) of the magnetic filler.
- 2A the magnetic filler is magnetized along the in-plane direction (left-right direction in FIG. 2) of the polymer matrix layer 3, and in FIG. 2B, the magnetic filler is aligned in the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the filler uneven distribution rate in the region 3a on one side is preferably more than 50, more preferably 60 or more, and further preferably 70 or more. In this case, the filler uneven distribution rate in the other region 3b is less than 50.
- the filler uneven distribution rate in the region 3a on one side is 100 at the maximum, and the filler uneven distribution rate in the region 3b on the other side is 0 at the minimum.
- the magnetic filler may be unevenly distributed using a physical force such as centrifugal force or magnetic force.
- the polymer matrix layer may be composed of a laminate composed of a plurality of layers having different magnetic filler contents.
- the filler uneven distribution rate is measured by the following method. That is, the cross section of the polymer matrix layer is observed at a magnification of 100 using a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM-EDS).
- SEM-EDS scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray analyzer
- the abundance of the metal element (for example, Fe element) specific to the filler is determined by elemental analysis for the entire region in the thickness direction of the cross section and two regions obtained by dividing the cross section into two in the thickness direction. For this abundance, the ratio of one area to the entire area in the thickness direction is calculated, and this is used as the filler uneven distribution rate in the one area.
- the filler uneven distribution rate in the other region is the same as this.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 may have a structure in which the region 3b on the other side with relatively little magnetic filler is formed of a foam containing bubbles. Thereby, the polymer matrix layer 3 is further easily deformed and the sensor sensitivity is enhanced. Moreover, the area
- a polymer matrix layer in which at least a part in the thickness direction is a foam is composed of a laminate composed of a plurality of layers (for example, a non-foamed layer containing a magnetic filler and a foamed layer not containing a magnetic filler). It does not matter.
- thermosetting resin foam in consideration of characteristics such as compression set.
- the thermosetting resin foam include a polyurethane resin foam and a silicone resin foam. Among these, a polyurethane resin foam is preferable.
- the above-mentioned isocyanate component and active hydrogen-containing compound can be used for the polyurethane resin foam.
- the polyurethane resin foam can be produced by an ordinary method for producing a polyurethane resin foam except that it contains a magnetic filler.
- the above-mentioned isocyanate component, active hydrogen-containing compound, and catalyst can be used for the polyurethane resin foam.
- the foam stabilizer used for the polyurethane resin foam for example, a silicone foam stabilizer, a fluorine foam stabilizer, or the like used in the production of a normal polyurethane resin foam can be used.
- the silicone-based surfactant and fluorine-based surfactant used as the silicone-based foam stabilizer and the fluorine-based foam stabilizer have a polyurethane-soluble part and an insoluble part in the molecule.
- the insoluble part uniformly disperses the polyurethane material and lowers the surface tension of the polyurethane system, so that bubbles are easily generated and are hard to break. Of course, if the surface tension is too low, bubbles are not easily generated.
- the dimethylpolysiloxane structure as the insoluble part can reduce the cell diameter or increase the number of cells. Become.
- silicone foam stabilizers examples include “SF-2962,” “SRX 274DL,” “SF-2965,” “SF-2904,” “SF-2908,” manufactured by Toray Dow Corning, Examples thereof include “SF-2904”, “L5340”, “Tegostarb B-8017”, “B-8465”, “B-8443” manufactured by Evonik Degussa.
- FC430 "FC4430” by 3M company
- FC142D "F552", “F554", "F558” by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.
- the blending amount of the foam stabilizer is preferably 1 to 15 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 12 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component. If the blending amount of the foam stabilizer is less than 1 part by mass, foaming is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 10 parts by mass, bleeding may occur.
- the foam content of the foam is preferably 20 to 80% by volume.
- the bubble content is 20% by volume or more, the polymer matrix layer 3 is flexible and easily deformed, and the sensor sensitivity can be improved satisfactorily. Further, when the bubble content is 80% by volume or less, embrittlement of the polymer matrix layer 3 is suppressed, and handling properties and stability are improved.
- the bubble content is calculated based on the specific gravity measured according to JIS Z-8807-1976 and the specific gravity value of the non-foamed material.
- the average cell diameter of the foam is preferably 50 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the average opening diameter of the foam is preferably 15 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the stability of the sensor characteristics tends to deteriorate due to an increase in the amount of the foam stabilizer.
- the average bubble diameter exceeds 300 ⁇ m or the average opening diameter exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the stability tends to decrease due to the variation in the bubble diameter.
- the average bubble diameter and the average opening diameter were determined by observing the cross section of the polymer matrix layer with a SEM at a magnification of 100 times, and using the image analysis software for the obtained image, all the bubbles present in the arbitrary range of the cross section. The bubble diameter and the opening diameter of all open bubbles are measured and calculated from the average value.
- a polyurethane resin foam containing a magnetic filler can be produced, for example, by a production method including the following steps (i) to (v).
- (I) Step of forming isocyanate group-containing urethane prepolymer from polyisocyanate component and active hydrogen component (ii) Mixing and pre-stirring the isocyanate group-containing urethane prepolymer, foam stabilizer, catalyst and magnetic filler, and non-reacting A primary stirring step of vigorously stirring so as to take in bubbles in a natural gas atmosphere (iii) a step of further adding an active hydrogen component and secondary stirring to prepare a cell-dispersed urethane composition containing a magnetic filler (iv) A step of forming the urethane-dispersed urethane composition into a desired shape and curing to produce a urethane resin foam containing a magnetic filler. (V) A step of magnetizing the urethane resin foam to form a magnetic urethane resin foam.
- a chemical foaming method using a reactive foaming agent such as water is known, but mechanical stirring is performed in a non-reactive gas atmosphere as in the above step (ii). It is preferable to use a foaming method. According to the mechanical foaming method, the molding operation is simpler than the chemical foaming method, and water is not used as the foaming agent. Therefore, the molded product has tough and excellent resilience (restorability) with fine bubbles. Is obtained.
- an isocyanate group-containing urethane prepolymer is formed from a polyisocyanate component and an active hydrogen component.
- the isocyanate group-containing urethane prepolymer, the foam stabilizer, the catalyst and the magnetic filler are mixed and pre-stirred, and vigorously stirred to capture bubbles in a non-reactive gas atmosphere.
- an active hydrogen component is further added and stirred to prepare a cell-dispersed urethane composition containing a magnetic filler.
- the blending ratio of the polyisocyanate component and the active hydrogen component is the ratio of the isocyanate group in the polyisocyanate component to the active hydrogen group in the active hydrogen component (isocyanate group / active hydrogen).
- the group) is selected to be 1.5 to 5, preferably 1.7 to 2.3.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 60 to 120 ° C., and the reaction time is preferably 3 to 8 hours.
- conventionally known urethanization catalysts and organic catalysts such as lead octylate marketed by Toei Chemical Co., Ltd.
- any apparatus can be used as long as it can react by stirring and mixing the above materials under the above-described conditions, and an apparatus used for ordinary polyurethane production can be used. it can.
- a method using a general mixer capable of mixing a liquid resin and a magnetic filler can be used, and examples thereof include a homogenizer, a dissolver, and a planetary mixer.
- a foam stabilizer is added to the isocyanate group-containing urethane prepolymer having a high viscosity and stirred (primary stirring).
- an active hydrogen component is further added and secondary stirring is performed. Therefore, it is preferable because bubbles taken into the reaction system are difficult to escape and efficient foaming can be performed.
- the non-reactive gas in the step (ii) is preferably a non-flammable gas, and specifically, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide gas, helium, argon and other rare gases, and mixed gases thereof are exemplified, and dried to moisture. It is most preferable to use air from which air has been removed.
- the conditions for the primary stirring and the secondary stirring, particularly the primary stirring can be used at the time of urethane foam production by a normal mechanical foaming method, and are not particularly limited. Using a mixer, vigorously stir for 1 to 30 minutes at a rotational speed of 1000 to 10000 rpm. Examples of such an apparatus include a homogenizer, a dissolver, and a mechanical floss foaming machine.
- the method of forming the cell-dispersed urethane composition into a desired shape such as a sheet is not particularly limited.
- a batch type in which the mixed solution is injected into a mold subjected to a release treatment and cured.
- a molding method or a continuous molding method in which the cell-dispersed urethane composition is continuously supplied and cured on a release-treated face material can be used.
- the curing conditions are not particularly limited, and are preferably 60 to 200 ° C. for 10 minutes to 24 hours. If the curing temperature is too high, the resin foam is thermally deteriorated and mechanical strength is deteriorated. If it is too low, curing failure of the resin foam will occur. On the other hand, if the curing time is too long, the resin foam is thermally deteriorated and mechanical strength is deteriorated. If the curing time is too short, the resin foam is poorly cured.
- step (iv) by providing the step of allowing the cell-dispersed urethane composition to stand before curing, the sedimentation of the magnetic filler proceeds according to the time to stand and the bubbles rise. Progresses. Therefore, by utilizing this, it is possible to obtain a state in which the magnetic filler is unevenly distributed in the thickness direction and bubbles are unevenly distributed on the side where the magnetic filler is relatively few.
- the above step (v) can be performed using a normal magnetizing apparatus, for example, “ES-10100-15SH” manufactured by Electronic Magnetic Industry Co., Ltd., “TM-YS4E” manufactured by Tamagawa Seisakusho Co., Ltd. and the like.
- a magnetic field of about 1 to 8 T is applied, and the magnetization direction of the magnetic filler can be controlled according to the direction of the applied magnetic field.
- the magnetic filler may be added in the step (ii) after forming the magnetic filler dispersion after magnetization, but in the step (v) from the viewpoint of handling workability of the magnetic filler in the intermediate step. It is preferable to magnetize.
- the magnetic detector 4 detects a magnetic change accompanying the deformation of the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is disposed outside the exterior body 21. No electrical wiring for connecting the polymer matrix layer 3 and the magnetic detection unit 4 is provided, and the polymer matrix layer 3 and the magnetic detection unit 4 are not connected.
- a magnetoresistive element for example, a magnetoresistive element, a Hall element, an inductor, an MI element, a fluxgate sensor, or the like can be used.
- the magnetoresistive element include a semiconductor compound magnetoresistive element, an anisotropic magnetoresistive element (AMR), a giant magnetoresistive element (GMR), and a tunnel magnetoresistive element (TMR).
- AMR anisotropic magnetoresistive element
- GMR giant magnetoresistive element
- TMR tunnel magnetoresistive element
- the Hall element is preferable. Since the Hall element has a relatively wide sensitivity region, high sensitivity detection can be performed over a wide range by using this as the magnetic detection unit 4.
- a battery module including a plurality of single cells 2 is used in the secondary battery 1 for use where a high voltage is required, such as a power source for an electric vehicle.
- a battery module including a plurality of single cells 2 is used.
- a plurality of single cells 2 constitute an assembled battery and are accommodated in a housing.
- a battery module mounted on a vehicle is used in the form of a battery pack.
- a battery pack a plurality of battery modules are connected in series, and they are housed in a casing together with various devices such as a controller.
- the casing of the battery pack is formed in a shape suitable for in-vehicle use, for example, a shape that matches the underfloor shape of the vehicle.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is preferably affixed to a relatively firm location that is not easily affected by the swelling of the unit cell 2.
- the magnetic detection part 4 is affixed on the inner surface of the case 11 of the battery module facing the wall part 28a.
- the casing 11 of the battery module is formed of, for example, metal or plastic, and a laminate film may be used.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is arranged away from the polymer matrix layer 3 in the drawing, it may be brought into contact with the polymer matrix layer 3. As long as the magnetic detection unit 4 can detect a magnetic change, the interval between the polymer matrix layer 3 and the magnetic detection unit 4 is not particularly limited.
- the polymer matrix layer accordingly 3 is deformed, and a magnetic change accompanying the deformation of the polymer matrix layer 3 is detected by the magnetic detection unit 4.
- the detection signal output from the magnetic detection unit 4 is sent to a control device (not shown), and the internal pressure state of the unit cell 2 is monitored (monitored) over time.
- a switching circuit (not shown) connected to the control device cuts off the energization and stops the charging current or discharging current. Prevent troubles such as rupture.
- this monitoring sensor uses a magnetic change to detect deformation of the secondary battery 1, no electrical wiring from the polymer matrix layer 3 to the magnetic detection unit 4 is required, and therefore the secondary battery 1 is detected by the monitoring sensor. The sealing structure is not disturbed.
- any one of the first to fourth aspects described below is adopted. Thus, deformation of the secondary battery 1 can be detected with high sensitivity.
- the magnetic filler is magnetized along the in-plane direction of the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the direction of the arrow in the region 3 a is orthogonal to the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the interface layer 5 is formed between the polymer matrix layers 3 arranged with their edges facing each other.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 abuts the edges, and these may not be bonded to each other.
- the interface layer 5 whose magnetization direction changes extends in the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the magnetization directions of the magnetic filler are opposite to each other on one side and the other side with the interface layer 5 interposed therebetween.
- each magnetization direction is toward the interface layer 5, but these may be reversed. That is, the positional relationship between the N pole and the S pole in the magnetic filler may be opposite to that shown in the figure.
- the magnetization direction of the magnetic filler on one side and the other side across the interface layer 5 is a direction intersecting with the interface layer 5 as seen from the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3. That is, these magnetization directions are not parallel to the interface layer 5 as viewed from the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3 but are inclined at least with respect to the interface layer 5, more preferably orthogonal to the interface layer 5. .
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is disposed on a straight line L1 that extends in the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3 through the interface layer 5.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 has a magnetic sensing surface, and a magnetic flux density passing through the magnetic sensing surface is detected.
- the magnetic detection part 4 is arrange
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is arranged so that the magnetically sensitive surface passes through the straight line L1 and the magnetically sensitive surface is perpendicular to the straight line L1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the result of magnetic flux density measurement by the monitoring sensor of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of measuring the magnetic flux density.
- the horizontal axis of the graph indicates the distance in the in-plane direction of the polymer matrix layer 3, and corresponds to the X axis of FIG.
- the vertical axis of the graph indicates the magnetic flux density, and the sign of the numerical value is merely the difference between whether the input magnetic flux is N-pole or S-pole.
- the thickness of the polymer matrix layer 3 is 1 mm, of which the region 3a has a thickness of 0.7 mm and the region 3b has a thickness of 0.3 mm.
- the height H of the magnetic detector 4 (the magnetically sensitive surface thereof) relative to the surface of the polymer matrix layer 3 was 1 mm and 0.5 mm, and the magnetic flux density in the in-plane direction of the polymer matrix layer 3 was measured for each. .
- the overall width W3 (see FIG. 5) is 20 mm.
- the origin on the horizontal axis of the graph of FIG. 4 is the center of the polymer matrix layer 3, and the interface layer 5 is located in the center.
- a point 10 mm to the left and right from the origin is the edge of the polymer matrix layer 3. 4 that the absolute value of the magnetic flux density is greatest at the position of the interface layer 5 on the straight line L1 in the polymer matrix layer 3 of FIG. This is considered because the leakage direction of the magnetic flux is controlled in the vicinity of the interface layer 5 and the magnetic flux in the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3 is amplified on the straight line L1.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is arranged at a position where the magnetic flux density is increased (the magnetic field is increased) in the polymer matrix layer 3 where the interface layer 5 is formed as shown in FIG. Therefore, the deformation of the secondary battery 1 can be detected with high sensitivity.
- the sensitivity improvement effect is particularly excellent as compared with other modes (second to fourth modes) described later. Further, there is no portion where the magnetic flux density is locally lowered in the vicinity of the interface layer 5, which is convenient for arranging the magnetic detection unit 4.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- another polymer matrix layer that does not contain magnetic filler or is not magnetized is interposed between the polymer matrix layers 3 arranged with the edges facing each other, or a gap is provided, thereby forming an interface layer. It is also possible to do.
- the width of these other polymer matrix layers or gaps is set to 0.1 to 10 mm, for example.
- the magnetic filler is magnetized along the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the direction of the arrow in the region 3 a is parallel to the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the magnetization direction is upward, but it may be downward. That is, the positional relationship between the N pole and the S pole in the magnetic filler may be opposite to that shown in the figure.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 is not arranged with the edges facing each other, but can be regarded as a uniformly magnetized flat plate-like magnetic body. it can.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is disposed on a straight line L2 extending in the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3 through the edge of the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 has a magnetic sensing surface, and a magnetic flux density passing through the magnetic sensing surface is detected.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is arranged so that the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3 and the magnetically sensitive surface are orthogonal to each other.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is arranged so that the magnetic sensing surface passes through the straight line L2, and the magnetic sensing surface is perpendicular to the straight line L2.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the result of magnetic flux density measurement by the monitoring sensor of FIG. Since the measuring method of the magnetic flux density and the thickness of the polymer matrix layer 3 are as described above, redundant description is omitted.
- the monitoring sensor of FIG. 6 one polymer matrix layer 3 having a width of 10 mm is used, and the overall width W3 (see FIG. 5) is also 10 mm.
- the origin on the horizontal axis of the graph of FIG. 7 is the center of the polymer matrix layer 3, and a point 5 mm to the left and right from the origin is the edge of the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 since the magnetic detection unit 4 is disposed at a position where the magnetic flux density is high (the magnetic field is strong) in the polymer matrix layer 3 as shown in FIG. Deformation can be detected with high sensitivity.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is on the straight line L2, an effect of improving the sensitivity can be obtained.
- the center of the magnetic detection unit 4 (the center of the magnetic sensing surface) may be slightly deviated from the straight line L2, in which case it is preferably 4.0 mm, more preferably 3.5 mm, and even more preferably 2 from the straight line L2. Placed in an area of 5 mm.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 is arranged in a region that is preferably 80%, more preferably 70%, and even more preferably 50% of the half width (distance from the edge to the center) of the polymer matrix layer 3 from the straight line L2.
- the edge of the polymer matrix layer 3 containing the magnetic filler usually corresponds to the periphery of the polymer matrix layer 3. However, as illustrated in FIG. 8, when adjacent to the layer 3 ′ not containing the magnetic filler, the interface becomes an edge of the polymer matrix layer 3 containing the magnetic filler. Thus, the edge of the polymer matrix layer 3 can be treated as the edge of the region containing the magnetic filler.
- the magnetic filler is magnetized along the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the direction of the arrow in the region 3 a is parallel to the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the gap 6 is provided between the polymer matrix layers 3 arranged with the edges facing each other.
- the width W6 of the gap 6 is set to 0.1 to 10 mm, for example.
- the magnetization direction of the magnetic filler is the same on one side and the other side across the gap 6. In this embodiment, each magnetization direction is upward, but these may be downward. That is, the positional relationship between the N pole and the S pole in the magnetic filler may be opposite to that shown in the figure.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is disposed on a straight line L3 extending in the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3 through the gap 6.
- the position of the straight line L3 is not particularly limited as long as it is within the gap 6, but is preferably the center of the gap 6 in order to increase sensitivity.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 has a magnetic sensing surface, and a magnetic flux density passing through the magnetic sensing surface is detected.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is arranged so that the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3 and the magnetically sensitive surface are orthogonal to each other.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is arranged so that the magnetically sensitive surface passes through the straight line L3 and the magnetically sensitive surface is perpendicular to the straight line L3.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of magnetic flux density measurement by the monitoring sensor of FIG. Since the measuring method of the magnetic flux density and the thickness of the polymer matrix layer 3 are as described above, redundant description is omitted.
- the monitoring sensor of FIG. 9 two polymer matrix layers 3 each having a width of 10 mm are arranged, the width of the gap 6 is 2 mm, and the overall width W3 (see FIG. 5) is 22 mm.
- the origin on the horizontal axis of the graph of FIG. 10 is the center of the gap 6, and a point 11 mm to the left and right from the origin is the edge of the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is disposed at a position where the magnetic flux density is increased (the magnetic field is increased) in the polymer matrix layer 3 provided with the gap 6 as shown in FIG.
- the deformation of the secondary battery 1 can be detected with high sensitivity.
- FIG. 9 shows an example in which two polymer matrix layers 3 are arranged side by side and a gap 6 is provided between them.
- the gap 6 may be provided by disposing one polymer matrix layer 3 and perforating it. Even in such a case, the structure is the same as in FIG. 9 and a structure in which the gap 6 is provided between the polymer matrix layers 3 arranged with the edges facing each other is realized.
- the magnetic filler is magnetized along the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the direction of the arrow in the region 3 a is parallel to the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the interface layer 7 is formed between the polymer matrix layers 3 arranged with the edges facing each other. In the interface layer 7, the polymer matrix layer 3 abuts the edges, and these may not be bonded to each other.
- the interface layer 7 whose magnetization direction changes extends in the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the magnetization directions of the magnetic filler are opposite to each other on one side and the other side across the interface layer 7.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is disposed on a straight line L4 that extends in the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3 through the interface layer 7.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 has a magnetic sensing surface, and a magnetic flux density passing through the magnetic sensing surface is detected.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is arranged so that the thickness direction of the polymer matrix layer 3 and the magnetically sensitive surface are orthogonal to each other.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is arranged so that the magnetically sensitive surface passes through the straight line L4 and the magnetically sensitive surface is perpendicular to the straight line L4.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the result of magnetic flux density measurement by the monitoring sensor of FIG. Since the measuring method of the magnetic flux density and the thickness of the polymer matrix layer 3 are as described above, redundant description is omitted.
- the monitoring sensor of FIG. 11 two polymer matrix layers 3 each having a width of 10 mm are arranged, and the overall width W3 (see FIG. 5) is 20 mm.
- the origin on the horizontal axis of the graph of FIG. 12 is the center of the polymer matrix layer 3, and the interface layer 7 is located in the center.
- a point 10 mm to the left and right from the origin is the edge of the polymer matrix layer 3.
- the magnetic detection unit 4 is disposed at a position where the magnetic flux density is increased (the magnetic field is increased) in the polymer matrix layer 3 where the interface layer 7 is formed as shown in FIG. Therefore, the deformation of the secondary battery 1 can be detected with high sensitivity.
- the gap 8 is provided between the polymer matrix layers 3 as shown in FIG. 13, the magnetic flux amplification phenomenon hardly occurs as shown in FIG. 14, and the effect of improving the sensitivity cannot be sufficiently obtained.
- the absolute value of the magnetic flux density is locally low at the position of the interface layer 7 on the straight line L4 (corresponding to the origin of the horizontal axis), but the magnetic sensing surface is somewhat large. Therefore, if the magnetic detection unit 4 is on the straight line L4, an effect of improving the sensitivity can be obtained.
- the center of the magnetic detection unit 4 (the center of the magnetic sensing surface) may be slightly deviated from the straight line L4. In that case, it is preferably 4.0 mm, more preferably 3.5 mm, and still more preferably 2 from the straight line L4. Placed in an area of 5 mm. Alternatively, it is arranged in a region that is preferably 80%, more preferably 70%, and even more preferably 50% of the half width (distance from the edge to the center) of the polymer matrix layer 3 from the straight line L4.
- the secondary battery 1 to which the monitoring sensor as described above is attached is not limited to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, and may be an aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a nickel hydrogen battery or a lead storage battery. .
- the method for monitoring the secondary battery 1 using such a monitoring sensor is as described above. That is, when the internal pressure of the unit cell 2 rises due to decomposition of the electrolyte solution due to overcharge and the polymer matrix layer 3 is deformed accordingly, the magnetic change accompanying the deformation of the polymer matrix layer 3 is changed. Detection is performed by the magnetic detection unit 4, and deformation of the secondary battery 1 is detected based on the detection.
- the deformation of the secondary battery 1 is not limited to the deformation of the exterior body 21 of the single battery 2, and may be the deformation of the electrode group 22 as described later.
- the electrode group 22 has a wound structure, but may have a laminated structure.
- the electrode group having a laminated structure is configured by laminating a positive electrode and a negative electrode with a separator between them.
- the attachment of the polymer matrix layer the following other embodiments are conceivable. These can be applied without any limitation even if any of the first to fourth aspects described above is adopted.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 may be attached to the inner surface of the exterior body 21.
- Such affixing is relatively simple and easy to stabilize, and thus has excellent productivity and stability.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 disposed inside the outer package 21 can be relatively easily deformed as the internal pressure increases, changes in the internal pressure can be detected with high sensitivity. If the magnetic filler is unevenly distributed as described above, the magnetic change with respect to the deformation of the polymer matrix layer 3 is increased and the sensitivity is increased by sticking the region 3a on one side having a large amount of magnetic filler to the inner surface of the exterior body 21. Can be increased.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 may be attached to the electrode group 22.
- the electrode group 22 when the electrode group 22 is deformed due to the volume change of the active material due to charge / discharge, the polymer matrix layer 3 is deformed accordingly, and the magnetic change accompanying the deformation of the polymer matrix layer 3 is detected by the magnetic detection. Detected by unit 4. If the magnetic filler is unevenly distributed as described above, the magnetic change with respect to the deformation of the polymer matrix layer 3 is increased and the sensitivity is increased by attaching the region 3a on one side having a large amount of magnetic filler to the surface of the electrode group 22. Can be increased.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 is not limited to being attached to a flat surface, but can be attached to a curved surface as shown in FIG.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 is attached to the curved surface of the electrode group 22, but it can also be attached to the curved surface of the outer package 21.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 to be attached to the electrode group 22 having a wound structure may be used as a tape for fastening the end of the electrode group 22.
- the polymer matrix layer 3 disposed in the exterior body 21 may be covered with a protective film (not shown) for preventing elution into the electrolyte from the viewpoint of ensuring good sensor sensitivity. preferable.
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Abstract
Description
(i)ポリイソシアネート成分および活性水素成分からイソシアネート基含有ウレタンプレポリマーを形成する工程
(ii)該イソシアネート基含有ウレタンプレポリマー、整泡剤、触媒および磁性フィラーを混合、予備撹拌して、非反応性気体雰囲気下で、気泡を取り込むように激しく撹拌する一次撹拌工程
(iii)更に活性水素成分を加えて、二次撹拌して、磁性フィラーを含む気泡分散ウレタン組成物を調製する工程
(iv)該気泡分散ウレタン組成物を所望の形状に成形し、硬化して、磁性フィラーを含むウレタン樹脂フォームを作製する工程
(v)該ウレタン樹脂フォームを着磁して磁性ウレタン樹脂フォームを形成する工程
第1の態様では、図3に示すように、磁性フィラーが、高分子マトリックス層3の面内方向に沿って着磁されている。領域3a内の矢印の向きは、高分子マトリックス層3の厚み方向と直交している。また、第1の態様では、エッジを対向させて並べた高分子マトリックス層3の間に界面層5が形成される。界面層5では、高分子マトリックス層3がエッジ同士を突き合わせており、これらは互いに接着されていなくてもよい。本実施形態では、着磁方向が変化する界面層5が高分子マトリックス層3の厚み方向に延びている。
第2の態様では、図6に示すように、磁性フィラーが、高分子マトリックス層3の厚み方向に沿って着磁されている。領域3a内の矢印の向きは、高分子マトリックス層3の厚み方向と平行である。本実施形態では、着磁方向が上向きであるが、これが下向きであっても構わない。即ち、磁性フィラーにおけるN極とS極との位置関係は、図示とは逆でも構わない。この高分子マトリックス層3は、他の態様(第1,3,4の態様)とは異なりエッジを対向させて並べたものではなく、一様に着磁した平板状の磁性体に見立てることができる。
第3の態様では、図9に示すように、磁性フィラーが、高分子マトリックス層3の厚み方向に沿って着磁されている。領域3a内の矢印の向きは、高分子マトリックス層3の厚み方向と平行である。また、第3の態様では、エッジを対向させて並べた高分子マトリックス層3の間にギャップ6が設けられている。ギャップ6の幅W6は、例えば0.1~10mmに設定される。ギャップ6を挟んだ一方側と他方側とで磁性フィラーの着磁方向は、互いに同じである。本実施形態では、各々の着磁方向が上向きであるが、これらが下向きであっても構わない。即ち、磁性フィラーにおけるN極とS極との位置関係は、図示とは逆でも構わない。
第4の態様では、図11に示すように、磁性フィラーが、高分子マトリックス層3の厚み方向に沿って着磁されている。領域3a内の矢印の向きは、高分子マトリックス層3の厚み方向と平行である。また、第4の態様では、エッジを対向させて並べた高分子マトリックス層3の間に界面層7が形成される。界面層7では、高分子マトリックス層3がエッジ同士を突き合わせており、これらは互いに接着されていなくてもよい。本実施形態では、着磁方向が変化する界面層7が高分子マトリックス層3の厚み方向に延びている。界面層7を挟んだ一方側と他方側とで磁性フィラーの着磁方向は、互いに逆向きである。
前述の実施形態では、高分子マトリックス層3を外装体21の外面に貼り付けた例を示したが、外装体21の内面に貼り付けても構わない。かかる貼り付けは、比較的簡単で安定させやすいため、生産性や安定性に優れる。また、外装体21の内部に配置された高分子マトリックス層3は、内圧の上昇に応じて比較的容易に変形し得ることから、内圧変化を高感度に検出できる。上記のように磁性フィラーが偏在する構成であれば、磁性フィラーの多い一方側の領域3aを外装体21の内面に貼り付けることで、高分子マトリックス層3の変形に対する磁気変化を大きくして感度を高めることができる。
2 単電池
3 高分子マトリックス層
3a 一方側の領域
3b 他方側の領域
4 磁気検出部
5 界面層
6 ギャップ
7 界面層
21 外装体
22 電極群
Claims (6)
- 密閉された外装体の内部に電極群が収容された密閉型二次電池の監視センサにおいて、
磁性フィラーを含有し、前記外装体または前記電極群に装着される高分子マトリックス層と、前記高分子マトリックス層の変形に伴う磁気変化を検出する磁気検出部とを備え、
前記磁性フィラーが、前記高分子マトリックス層の面内方向に沿って着磁されており、
エッジを対向させて並べた前記高分子マトリックス層の間に界面層が形成され、その界面層を挟んだ一方側と他方側とで前記磁性フィラーの着磁方向が互いに逆向きで且つ前記高分子マトリックス層の厚み方向から見て前記界面層と交差する方向となり、
前記界面層を通って前記高分子マトリックス層の厚み方向に延びる直線上に前記磁気検出部が配置されていることを特徴とする密閉型二次電池の監視センサ。 - 密閉された外装体の内部に電極群が収容された密閉型二次電池の監視センサにおいて、
磁性フィラーを含有し、前記外装体または前記電極群に装着される高分子マトリックス層と、前記高分子マトリックス層の変形に伴う磁気変化を検出する磁気検出部とを備え、
前記磁性フィラーが、前記高分子マトリックス層の厚み方向に沿って着磁されており、
前記高分子マトリックス層のエッジを通って前記高分子マトリックス層の厚み方向に延びる直線上に前記磁気検出部が配置されていることを特徴とする密閉型二次電池の監視センサ。 - 密閉された外装体の内部に電極群が収容された密閉型二次電池の監視センサにおいて、
磁性フィラーを含有し、前記外装体または前記電極群に装着される高分子マトリックス層と、前記高分子マトリックス層の変形に伴う磁気変化を検出する磁気検出部とを備え、
前記磁性フィラーが、前記高分子マトリックス層の厚み方向に沿って着磁されており、
エッジを対向させて並べた前記高分子マトリックス層の間にギャップが設けられ、そのギャップを挟んだ一方側と他方側とで前記磁性フィラーの着磁方向が互いに同じであり、
前記ギャップを通って前記高分子マトリックス層の厚み方向に延びる直線上に前記磁気検出部が配置されていることを特徴とする密閉型二次電池の監視センサ。 - 密閉された外装体の内部に電極群が収容された密閉型二次電池の監視センサにおいて、
磁性フィラーを含有し、前記外装体または前記電極群に装着される高分子マトリックス層と、前記高分子マトリックス層の変形に伴う磁気変化を検出する磁気検出部とを備え、
前記磁性フィラーが、前記高分子マトリックス層の厚み方向に沿って着磁されており、
エッジを対向させて並べた前記高分子マトリックス層の間に界面層が形成され、その界面層を挟んだ一方側と他方側とで前記磁性フィラーの着磁方向が互いに逆向きであり、
前記界面層を通って前記高分子マトリックス層の厚み方向に延びる直線上に前記磁気検出部が配置されていることを特徴とする密閉型二次電池の監視センサ。 - 請求項1~4いずれか1項に記載の監視センサが取り付けられた密閉型二次電池。
- 請求項1~4いずれか1項に記載の監視センサを用いて、前記高分子マトリックス層の変形に伴う磁気変化を前記磁気検出部により検出し、それに基づいて前記密閉型二次電池の変形を検出する密閉型二次電池の監視方法。
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CN201580047388.3A CN106662425A (zh) | 2014-11-26 | 2015-11-12 | 密闭型二次电池的监视传感器、密闭型二次电池及密闭型二次电池的监视方法 |
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