Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
  • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
  • A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N2300/00—Combinations or mixtures of active ingredients covered by classes A01N27/00 - A01N65/48 with other active or formulation relevant ingredients, e.g. specific carrier materials or surfactants, covered by classes A01N25/00 - A01N65/48

Definitions

• the invention relates to methods and compositions for stimulating plant growth.
• the invention relates to the use of ipfencarbazone, known as a pre-emergent herbicide, for stimulating or promoting plant growth.
• Plant growth stimulators are used in many crops to increase biomass, manage the rate of growth and to increase yield and quality. These products are also used to manage abiotic stresses such as cold stress, drought stress, and the like.
• embodiments herein provide methods of stimulating or promoting plant growth comprising applying to a crop plant a composition comprising ipfencarbazone in an amount sufficient to stimulate or promote plant growth.
• FIG. 1 shows photographs of trays containing multiple plant species that were either test plants in an untreated control or treated with varying amounts of ipfencarbazone in grams of active ingredient per hectare; DIGNU: Digitaria nuda; ELEIN: Eleusine indica; LOLMU: Lolium multiflorum; TRZAX01 : wheat cultivar Itaipu; TRZAX02: wheat cultivar Iguagu; TRZAX03: wheat cultivar BRS327; SORVU:
• FIG. 2 shows photographs of trays containing multiple plant species that were either test plants in an untreated control or treated with varying amounts of ipfencarbazone in grams of active ingredient per hectare;
• ZEAMX corn
• PHSVX dry bean
• GLXMA soybean
• GOSHI cotton
• HELAN sunflower
• FIG. 3 shows photographs of trays containing multiple plant species that were either in an untreated control or treated with varying amounts of ipfencarbazone in grams of active ingredient per hectare;
• ECHCG Echinochloa crus-galli;
• ECGCO Echinochloa colona;
• SETGE Setaria geniculata;
• BRADC Brachiaria decumbens;
• BRAPL Brachiaria plantaginea;
• SORHA Sorghum halepense;
• CCHEC Cenchrus echinatus;
• FIG. 4 shows photographs of trays containing multiple plant species that were either test plants in an untreated control or treated with varying amounts of ipfencarbazone in grams of active ingredient per hectare; BIDPI: Bidens pilosa;
• RAPSR Raphanus sativus
• CASOB Cassia obtusifolia
• EPHHL Euphorbia heterophylla
• IAQGR Ipomoea grandifolia
• AMAVI Amaranthus viridis
• FIG. 5 shows photographs of trays containing multiple plant species that were either test plants in an untreated control or treated with varying amounts of ipfencarbazone in grams of active ingredient per hectare; 1 - DIGNU: Digitaria nuda; 2 -ELEIN: Eleusine indica; 3 - LOLMU: Lolium multiflorum; 4 - TRZAX01 : wheat cultivar Itaipu; 5 - TRZAX02: wheat cultivar Iguagu; 6 - TRZAX03: wheat cultivar BRS327; 7 - SORVU: Sorghum bicolor; 8 - ZEAMX: corn; 9 -PHSVX: dry bean; 10 - GLXMA: soybean; 1 1 - GOSHI: cotton; 12 - HELAN: sunflower; 13 - ECHCG:
• plantaginea 18 - SORHA: Sorghum halepense; 19 - CCHEC: Cenchrus echinatus; 20 - BIDPI: Bidens pilosa; 21 - RAPSR: Raphanus sativus; 22 - CASOB: Cassia obtusifolia; 23 - EPHHL: Euphorbia heterophylla; 24 - IAQGR: Ipomoea grandifolia; 25 -AM AVI: Amaranthus viridis;
• FIG. 6 shows photographs of trays containing multiple plant species that were either test plants in an untreated control or treated with varying amounts of ipfencarbazone in grams of active ingredient per hectare; 1 - DIGNU: Digitaria nuda; 2 -ELEIN: Eleusine indica; 3 - LOLMU: Lolium multiflorum; 4 - TRZAX01 : wheat cultivar Itaipu; 5 - TRZAX02: wheat cultivar Iguagu; 6 - TRZAX03: wheat cultivar BRS327; 7 - SORVU: Sorghum bicolor; 8 - ZEAMX: corn; 9 -PHSVX: dry bean; 10 - GLXMA: soybean; 1 1 - GOSHI: cotton; 12 - HELAN: sunflower; 13 - ECHCG:
• FIG. 7 shows photographs of test plants in an untreated control and with varying amounts of ipfencarbazone in grams of active ingredient per hectare;
• DIGNU Digitaria nuda
• ELEIN Eleusine indica
• LOLMU Lolium multiflorum
• TRZAX01 wheat cultivar Itaipu
• TRZAX02 wheat cultivar Iguagu
• TRZAX03 wheat cultivar BRS327
• SORVU Sorghum bicolor
• FIG. 8 shows photographs of trays containing multiple plant species that were either test plants in an untreated control or treated with varying amounts of ipfencarbazone in grams of active ingredient per hectare;
• ZEAMX corn
• PHSVX dry bean
• GLXMA soybean
• GOSHI cotton
• HELAN sunflower
• FIG. 9 shows photographs of trays containing multiple plant species that were either test plants in an untreated control or treated with varying amounts of ipfencarbazone in grams of active ingredient per hectare; ECHCG: Echinochloa crus-galli; ECGCO: Echinochloa colona; SETGE: Setaria geniculata; BRADC:
• Brachiaria decumbens Brachiaria decumbens
• BRAPL Brachiaria plantaginea
• SORHA Sorghum halepense
• CCHEC Cenchrus echinatus
• FIG. 10 shows photographs of trays containing multiple plant species that were either test plants in an untreated control or treated with varying amounts of ipfencarbazone in grams of active ingredient per hectare;
• BIDPI Bidens pilosa
• RAPSR Raphanus sativus
• CASOB Raphanus sativus
• CASOB Cassia obtusifolia
• EPHHL Euphorbia heterophylla
• IAQGR Ipomoea grandifolia
• AMAVI Amaranthus viridis
• FIG. 1 1 shows photographs of trays containing multiple plant species that were either test plants in an untreated control or treated with varying amounts of ipfencarbazone in grams of active ingredient per hectare; 1 - DIGNU: Digitaria nuda; 2 -ELEIN: Eleusine indica; 3 - LOLMU: Lolium multiflorum; 4 - TRZAX01 : wheat cultivar Itaipu; 5 - TRZAX02: wheat cultivar Iguagu; 6 - TRZAX03: wheat cultivar BRS327; 7 - SORVU: Sorghum bicolor; 8 - ZEAMX: corn; 9 -PHSVX: dry bean; 10 - GLXMA: soybean; 1 1 - GOSHI: cotton; 12 - HELAN: sunflower; 13 - ECHCG:
• plantaginea 18 - SORHA: Sorghum halepense; 19 - CCHEC: Cenchrus echinatus; 20 - BIDPI: Bidens pilosa; 21 - RAPSR: Raphanus sativus; 22 - CASOB: Cassia obtusifolia; 23 - EPHHL: Euphorbia heterophylla; 24 - IAQGR: Ipomoea grandifolia; 25 -AM AVI: Amaranthus viridis;
• FIG 12 shows photographs of trays containing multiple plant species that were either test plants in an untreated control or treated with varying amounts of ipfencarbazone in grams of active ingredient per hectare; DIGNU: Digitaria nuda; ELEIN: Eleusine indica; LOLMU: Lolium multiflorum; TRZAX01 : wheat cultivar Itaipu; TRZAX02: wheat cultivar Iguagu; TRZAX03: wheat cultivar BRS327; SORVU:
• FIG. 13 shows photographs of trays containing multiple plant species that were either test plants in an untreated control or treated with varying amounts of ipfencarbazone in grams of active ingredient per hectare; ECHCG: Echinochloa crus-galli; ECGCO: Echinochloa colona; SETGE: Setaria geniculata; BRADC:
• Brachiaria decumbens Brachiaria decumbens
• BRAPL Brachiaria plantaginea
• SORHA Sorghum halepense
• CCHEC Cenchrus echinatus
• BIDPI Bidens pilosa
• RAPSR Raphanus sativus
• CASOB Cassia obtusifolia
• EPHHL Euphorbia heterophylla
• IAQGR IAQGR
• FIG. 14 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over the untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for TRZAX: Triticum aestivum, cultivar Itaipu at 15 days after application;
• FIG. 15 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over the untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for TRZAX: Triticum aestivum, cultivar Itaipu at 28 days after application;
• FIG. 16 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over the untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for TRZAX: Triticum aestivum, cultivar Iguagu at 15 days after application;
• FIG. 17 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over the untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for TRZAX: Triticum aestivum, cultivar Iguagu at 28 days after application;
• FIG. 18 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for TRZAX: Triticum aestivum, cultivar BRS327 at 15 days after application;
• FIG. 19 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for TRZAX: Triticum aestivum, cultivar BRS327 at 28 days after application;
• FIG. 20 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for SORVU: Sorghum bicolor at 15 days after application;
• FIG. 21 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for SORVU: Sorghum bicolor at 28 days after application;
• FIG. 22 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for ZEAMX: Zea mays at 1 5 days after application;
• FIG. 23 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for ZEAMX: Zea mays at 28 days after application;
• FIG. 24 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for PHSVX: Phaseolus vulgaris at 15 days after application;
• FIG. 25 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for PHSVX: Phaseolus vulgaris at 28 days after application;
• FIG. 26 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for GLXMA: Glycine max at 15 days after application;
• FIG. 27 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for GLXMA: Glycine max at 28 days after application;
• FIG. 28 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for GOSH I: Gossypium hirsutum at 15 days after application;
• FIG. 29 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for BRADC: Brachiaria decumbens at 28 days after application;
• FIG. 30 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for GOSHI : Gossypium hirsutum at 28 days after application;
• FIG. 31 shows a graph of plant height and percent increase over untreated control as a function of ipfencarbazone concentration for BRADC: Brachiaria decumbens at 28 days after application.
• Ipfencarbazone is classified as a tetrazolinone compound with a mode of action characterized by impacting cell division in the plant via inhibition of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA's).
• VLCFA's very long chain fatty acids
• Other classes of compounds that share this activity include acetamides, chloracetamides, and oxyacetamides.
• Ipfencarbazone is safe for use on monocotyledonous crops including rice, corn, sorghum, millet, wheat, barley, oats, rye and triticale. As disclosed herein, at a range of rates there was a significant visible effect that suggested stimulation of a range of both monocotyledon and dicotyledon based crops, including corn, wheat, triticale, soybeans, dry beans, cotton, and the like.
• Embodiments herein relate to the use of ipfencarbazone as a biostimulant (or plant growth regulator) for inter alia corn, wheat, soybeans,dry beans, cotton and pasture grasses when applied to the crop at specified application rates. This effect is particularly pronounced when applied post-emergence. Thus, certain application rates of ipfencarbazone, applied post emergent to a crop, demonstrated a significant increase in growth rate including, for example, biomass, leaf area, and plant height across a range of crop types.
• plant embraces plant crops (or just crops), ornamentals, trees, grasses, annuals, perennials or any other commonly cultivated member of the kingdom Plantae.
• the application rate addition of ipfencarbazone may bolster the initial growth of seeds and/or crop seedlings, with the potential of masking phytotoxic effects of other agents when used in combinations and improve the initial plant stand. Other effects may include better plant health and more uniform stand through, for example, decreased seedling loss.
• low application rates of ipfencarbazone such as about 60 to about 125 grams per hectare, of ipfencarbazone demonstrated a positive effect on crop plants such as corn, wheat, soybean and dry bean seedlings, stimulating growth. Increased biomass, leaf area and rate of growth of crop plants were also observed.
• the methods herein may complement the spectrum of weed control and may be combined with other biostimulants/plant growth regulators (seed treatment) in a starter kit.
• crop plants include any edible or non-edible plant, including decorative, plant species with commercial value, which is planted and cultivated for commercial use.
• crop plants include floral and non-floral plants, perennials and annuals, trees, shrubs, vegetable plants, fruit trees, turf, and ground cover.
• Non-limiting specific examples of crop plants include canola, flax, peas, lentils, beans, linola, mustard, chickpeas, sunflowers, potatoes, seedling alfalfa, onions, soybeans and turf grass.
• plants is meant to include germinant seeds, cuttings, emerging seedlings, and established vegetation, including roots and above-ground portions, for example, leaves, stalks, flowers, fruits, branches, limbs, root, and the like.
• Turf refers to grass which grow in areas in which they are desired, or purposely planned for and maintained, for example, a lawn. Turf also refers to a sod, where the surface layer of ground consisting of a mat of grass and grass roots.
• an amount of sufficient to stimulate or promote plant growth means any amount of ipfencarbazone capable of increasing seedling germination, plant height, biomass, enhancing color, and the like, relative to an untreated control.
• the amount sufficient to stimulate plant growth may be within the application rate range of from about 1 to about 1 ,000 grams of ipfencarbazone (active ingredient, a.i.) per hectare (ha).
• Optimal application rates for enhancing/stimulating plant growth may depend on a given crop plant and the ideal application rate range may comprise any sub-range from about 1 to about 1 ,000 grams ipfencarbazone per hectare, such as from about 50 to about 1 25 g a.i./ha, or 60 to 250 g a.i./ha, including any smaller or larger sub-ranges thereof, such as about 1 to about 60 g a.i./ha or about 250 to about 1 ,000 g a.i./ha.
• the amount sufficient to stimulate plant growth is in a range from about 20 grams per hectare to about 1 ,000 grams per hectare. In some embodiments, the amount sufficient to stimulate or promote plant growth is in a range from about 50 grams per hectare to about 250 grams per hectare. In some embodiments, the amount sufficient to stimulate plant growth is in a range from about 60 grams per hectare to about 125 grams per hectare, or about 1 gram per hectare to about 60 grams per hectare. As indicated in the Examples below and in the Figures, the particular applications rates that may be useful are readily determined based on a particular target crop.
• stimulating or promoting plant growth is assessed by enhanced seedling germination, plant height, leaf area, biomass, plant vigor, plant color, or combinations thereof.
• One or more of these characteristics can be measured by conventional means. Others may be assessed by visual observation.
• enhanced plant height is an increase in height from about 105 percent to about 400 percent of the control. In some embodiments, enhanced plant height is an increase in height from about 120 percent to about 350 percent of the control. As demonstrated in the Examples herein below, a series of application rates for a particular target crop plant can be used to determine a particular optimal application rate for a given plant, the optimal increase in characteristics being different depending on the exact crop plant.
• the applying step is carried out post-emergence.
• post-emergence comprises seedling stage of the crop plant.
• the applying step is carried out pre-emergence.
• application of the compositions disclosed herein may be performed both pre- and post-emergence.
• the applying step can be applied at any growth stage, including but not limited to, pre-emergence, early post emergence, and later stages of a crop growth cycle.
• compositions herein may be applied to perennial crops, including, without limitation, Stone fruits (cherries, plums, apricots, peaches, nectarines), blueberries, mangos, avocados, pastures, turfgrass, ornamentals, tree crops, eucalyptus, pine, tea, coffee, nut trees, citrus, tropical fruits, pome fruits, grapes and vines, perennial grasses, caneberries, bananas, sugarcane.
• the crop plant is an upland crop.
• the crop is selected from the group consisting of corn, wheat, soybean, dry bean, cotton, cereals, rice, maize, sorghum, sugar cane, canola, soya, turf, barley, potato, sweet potato, sunflower, rye, oats, sugar beet, safflower, alfalfa, cassava, cucurbits, pineapple and pastures.
• any one or more of the foregoing crops may be specifically not treated or excluded. Desirable plants are generally referred to herein as "crop plants.”
• compositions employed to stimulate plant growth may further comprises a second active selected from the group consisting of 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, acetochlor, acifluorfen, alachlor, ametryn, amicarbazone, atrazine, aminopyralid, benefin, bensulfuron, bensulide, bentazon, bromacil, bromoxynil, butylate, carfentrazone, chlorimuron, chlorsulfuron, clethodim, clomazone, clopyralid, cloransulam, cycloate, DCPA, desmedipham, dicamba, dichlobenil, diclofop, diclosulam, diflufenzopyr, dimethenamid, diquat, diuron, DSMA, endothall, EPTC, ethalfluralin, ethofumesate, fenoxaprop, fluazifop-P
• a second active selected from the group
• methods may employ combinations of
• Methods disclosed herein employing ipfencarbazone as a biostimulant can be used in conjunction with a second active (separately or tank mixed with
• grass plant species against which the compositions and methods can be used include, but are not limited to, the following: Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), Broadleaf Signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla), Bromes (Bromus species), Crabgrass species (Digitaria species), Crowfootgrass (Dactyloctenium aegyptium), Fall Panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum), Fescue (Festuca arundinacea), Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum), Foxtail species (Setaria species), Goosegrass (Eleusine indica), Guineagrass (Panicum maximum), Itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata),
• Monocotyledonous weeds include the genera: Aegilops, Agropyron, Agrostis, Alopecurus, Apera, Avena, Brachiaria, Bromus, Cenchrus, Commelina, Cynodon, Cyperus, Dactyloctenium, Digitaria, Echinochloa, Eleocharis, Eleusine, Eragrostis, Eriochloa, Festuca,
• Fimbristylis Heteranthera, Imperata, Ischaemum, Leptochloa, Lolium, Monochoria, Panicum, Paspalum, Phalaris, Phleum, Poa, Rottboellia, Sagittaria, Scirpus, Setaria, Sorghum.
• Dicotyledonous weeds include the genera: Abutilon, Amaranthus, Ambrosia, Anoda, Anthem is, Aphanes, Atriplex, Bel lis, Bidens, Capsella, Card u us, Cassia, Centaurea, Chenopodium, Cirsium, Convolvulus, Croton, Datura, Desmodium, Emex, Erysimum, Euphorbia, Galeopsis, Galinsoga, Galium, Hibiscus, Ipomoea, Kochia, Lamium, Lepidium, Lindernia, Matricaria, Mentha, Mercurialis, Merremia, Momordica, Mullugo, Myosotis, Papaver, Pharbitis, Plantago, Polygonum, Portulaca, Ranunculus, Raphanus, Ricinus, Rorippa, Rotala, Rumex, Salsola, Senecio,
• compositions employed in the methods herein may further comprise a surfactant.
• the surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant.
• the non-ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated fatty acids, alcohol ethoxylates,
• a surfactant may increase solubility of an active ingredient in a solution.
• a surfactant may also affect spray retention, droplet spreading, and dry rates.
• a surfactant may be anionic, cationic, non-ionic or amphoteric.
• anionic surfactants include phosphoric mono- and di-esters of long-chain alcohols having 14 to 22 carbon atoms and the salts thereof; phosphoric mono-and di-esters of alkylene oxide addition products of long-chain alcohols having 14 to 22 carbon atoms and the salts thereof; alkylsulfates having 14 to 22 carbon atoms; polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates of alcohols having 14 to 22 carbon atoms; alkane sulfonates having 14 to 22 carbon atoms; and olefin sulfonates having 14 to 22 carbon atoms.
• Suitable non-ionic surfactants include, for example, ethoxylated fatty acids, alcohol ethoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, ethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters or mixtures thereof.
• Ethoxylated fatty acids include castor or canola oil ethoxylates having at least 25, or about 27 to 37 ethoxy units, such as Sunaptol CA350 (castor oil ethoxylate with 35 ethoxy units) of Uniqema (formerly ICI Surfactants), Mergital EL33 (castor oil ethoxylate with 33 ethoxy units) of Henkel KGaA, Eumulgin C03373 (canola oil ethoxylate with 30 ethoxy units) of Henkel KGaA and Ukanil 2507 (castor oil ethoxylate) of Uniqema.
• Sunaptol CA350 castor oil ethoxylate with 35 ethoxy units
• Uniqema now ICI Surfactants
• Mergital EL33 castor oil ethoxylate with 33 ethoxy units
• Eumulgin C03373 canola oil ethoxylate with 30 ethoxy units of Henkel
• Surfactants may be present in any desired amount.
• a surfactant may be present in an amount of about 0.1 to about 30% by weight in the formulation.
• a surfactant is present in an amount of about 1 to about 9 % by weight in the formulation.
• a surfactant is present in an amount of about 10 to about 20 % by weight in the formulation.
• An emulsifier is a type of surfactant typically used to maintain dispersion.
• emulsifiers include Agent 2201 -76, Agent 2416-20, Emulpon CO-360, T-Det C-40®, and AgniqueTM SBO-10.
• Agent 2201 -76 is manufactured by Stepan Company (22 W. Frontage Road, Northfield, Illinois), which is a blend of nonionic and anionic surfactants (82%).
• the ingredients in Agent 2201 - 76 are alkylbenzene sulfonate and fatty acid ethoxylate, aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon, 1 -hexanol and naphthalene.
• Agent 2416-20 is also manufactured by Stepan Company (22 W.
• Agent 2416-20 also includes aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon (57-58%), and naphthalene (6-7%).
• Emulpon CO-360 is manufactured by Akzo Nobel Chemicals Ltd. (525 West Van Buren, Chicago, Illinois), which contains ethoxylated castor oil (1 00% by weight) and oxirane
• T-Det C-40® may be purchased from Harcros Organics (5200 Speaker Road., P.O. Box 2930, Kansas City, Kansas), or from Akzo Nobel
• a crop oil, or a crop oil concentrate may be added, for example, in order to increase the efficacy of a formulation including ipfencarbazone.
• a crop oil is believed to keep the leaf surface moist longer than water, which in turn allows more time for ipfencarbazone to penetrate, thereby increasing the amount of ipfencarbazone that will enter the plant (e.g. weed or crop).
• a crop oil can improve uptake of ipfencarbazone by plant (e.g. weed or crop).
• a crop oil can therefore improve, enhance, increase or promote efficacy or activity.
• Crop oils may contained from 1 % to 40% by weight, or 1 % to 20% by weight in the formulation.
• a crop oil can be derived from either petroleum oil or vegetable oil.
• Non-limiting examples of crop oil include soybean oils and petroleum based oils.
• compositions employed in the methods herein can be in customary formulations.
• Non-limiting examples include solutions, emulsions, suspensions, wettable powders, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, granules, pellets, emulsifiable concentrate, oil spray, aerosol, natural and synthetic materials impregnated with active compound, and very fine capsules (e.g. in polymeric substances).
• the composition is in a form of an emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder, granule, dust, oil spray or aerosol.
• compositions may optionally include adherent coatings.
• adherent coatings include those that aid the active ingredient to adhere to the intended environment, for example, a crop plant.
• Adherent coatings include carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic polymers in various forms, such as powders, granules or latexes.
• adherent coatings include gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate.
• Phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids are also examples of adherent coatings.
• Further additives may be mineral and vegetable oils.
• Colorants can also be included in the formulations.
• inorganic pigments such as iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue
• organic dyestuffs such as alizarin dyestuffs, azo dye-stuffs and metal
• phthalocyanine dyestuffs and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
• compositions can be applied in the form of ready mixes.
• Ipfencarbazone can also be formulated individually and mixed upon use, i.e. applied in the form of tank mixes. Ipfencarbazone can be used as such or in the form of their formulations, and furthermore also as mixtures with plant growth stimulants, ready mixes or tank mixes.
• Compositions may also be mixed with other active compounds, such as herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, bird repellents, growth substances, plant nutrients and agents which improve soil structure.
• active compounds such as herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, bird repellents, growth substances, plant nutrients and agents which improve soil structure.
• formulations such as mineral or vegetable oils which are tolerated by plants (for example the
• ammonium salts such as, for example, ammonium sulphate or ammonium thiocyanate, as further additives can be included.
• Ipfencarbazone compositions disclosed herein may also exclude any of the aforementioned.
• herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, bird repellents, growth substances, plant nutrients and agents which improve soil structure can be excluded or omitted from a composition or method disclosed herein.
• compositions can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or in the forms prepared therefrom by dilution of a concentrated form, such as ready-to-use or concentrated liquids, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, or solids, such as, powders, pastes, granules and pellets. They are dispersed in the customary manner, for example by watering, spraying, atomizing, dusting or scattering.
• a concentrated form such as ready-to-use or concentrated liquids, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, or solids, such as, powders, pastes, granules and pellets.
• compositions can be produced by mixing or suspending one of, an active ingredient, and optionally a stabilizer, an adjuvant, a diluent or a solvent.
• formulations disclosed herein can be produced, for example by first mixing or suspending one or more stabilizers with a diluent or solvent. Next, the appropriate amount of adjuvants is combined to the resulting mixture containing the stabilizers.
• An active ingredient, ipfencarbazone can added at any time, such as at the end, and blended until the formulation becomes mostly or entirely homogeneous.
• a composition may comprise a second plant growth stimulant.
• the plant growth stimulant is selected from the group consisting of ancymidol, butralin, alcohols , chlormequat chloride, cytokinin, daminozide, ethephon, ethylene, flurprimidol, gibberellic acid, gibberellin mixtures, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), maleic hydrazide, potassium salt, mefluidide, mepiquat chloride, mepiquat pentaborate, naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA), 1 - naphthaleneacetamide (NAD), n-decanol, paclobutrazol, prohexadione calcium, trinexapac-ethyl, and uniconazole.
• BIOZYME® comprising natural plant extracts, manganese, sulfur, magnesium, boron, iron zinc
• PILATUS® comprising vegetal origin extracts, fulvic acid, inositol, zinc
• ATONIK® comprising p-Sodium Nitrophenolate, o-Sodium Nitrophenolate, 5-Sodium Nitroguaiacolate
• Tytanit comprising magnesium oxide, sulfur trioxide, complexed titanium
• DELSOLTM comprissing Natural occurring plant growth rhizobacteria
• BM86 comprissing aminoalcohol
• HeadSet comprissing seaweed based fertilizer, magnesium nitrate
• FOLTRON® comprissing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese, boron, copper, molybdemum, Folcisteine
• POLIQUEL® comprising magnesium oxide, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc
• Podset comprising those sold under the trade names BIOZYME® (comprising natural plant extracts, manganes
• the composition is provided as a concentrate (e.g., suspension concentrate) and a diluting step is performed prior to the applying step thereby providing a diluted composition.
• the applying step comprises spraying the diluted composition.
• the composition comprises a diluent.
• the diluent is selected from the group consisting of water, an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic
• Suitable diluents include, for example, a non- polar water-immiscible solvent, or a polar aprotic water miscible organic solvent.
• Non-polar solvents include, for example, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons and esters of plant oils or mixtures thereof.
• Non-limiting examples of aromatic hydrocarbons include benzene or substituted benzene derivatives such as toluene, xylene, 1 ,2,4-trimethylbenzene, naphthalene or mixtures thereof.
• a solvent includes a mixture of napthalen and 1 ,2,4-trimethylbenzene.
• a solvent is Aromatic 150, a heavy aromatic naptha solvent containing ⁇ 10% naphthalene and ⁇ 1 .7% 1 ,2,4-trimethylbenzene.
• AlkyI esters can also be used as non-polar, water immiscible diluents.
• Plant oils may be esterified with various alcohols to form alkyl esters of plant oils. Fatty acids of these plant oils have 5 to 20, or 6 to 15 carbon atoms.
• Alkyl esters of plant oils include, without limitation, methyl, ethyl and butyl esters of canola (Brassica napus), linseed, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L), soybean and sunflower oils.
• the solvent is a mixture of methyl esters.
• a specific non-limiting example of methyl esters is Agent 2416-21 manufactured by Stepan Company (22 W. Frontage Road, Northfield, Illinois).
• Water-miscible polar aprotic solvents include, for example, alkyl lactates, isopropyl lactate, alkyl carbonates, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, polypropylene glycols, and polypropylene glycol alkyl ethers, or mixtures thereof.
• the composition may optionally include one or more adjuvants.
• An adjuvant may enhance or improve herbicidal and/or plant growth performance, for example.
• Adjuvants may be added to the composition at the time of formulation, or by the applicator to a mix prior to treatment.
• Adjuvants include, for example, surfactants (emulsifier), crop oil, fertilizers, dispersing agents, compatibility agents, foaming activators, foam suppressants, correctives, and spray colorants (dyes).
• Nonlimiting adjuvants include Crop Oil Concentrate (COC), Methylated Seed Oil, also M.
• An adjuvant may be present in any desired amount.
• a formulation may contain 1 % to 3% adjuvant, 3% to 8% of adjuvant, 8% to 16 % adjuvant, 17% to 30 % adjuvant, or 30% or (e.g. 40% or more) more adjuvant.
• a concentration of ipfencarbazone in the composition is in a range from about 1 percent by weight of the composition to about 80 percent by weight of the composition. In other embodiments, ipfencarbazone is in a range of about 5 percent to about 60 percent by weight of the composition.
• a method includes applying, post emergence, a composition comprising about 60 grams per hectare to about 125 grams per hectare of ipfencarbazone and optionally a non-ionic surfactant.
• the non-ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated fatty acids, alcohol ethoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, ethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters or mixtures thereof.
• concentrates for use with a crop plant comprising ipfencarbazone and a non-ionic surfactant, such that when diluted for application the amount of ipfencarbazone delivered is in a range from about 60 grams per hectare to about 125 grams per hectare in a single application.
• references to a range of 90-1 00% includes 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 95%, 97%, etc., as well as 91 .1 %, 91 .2%, 91 .3%, 91 .4%, 91 .5%, etc., 92.1 %, 92.2%, 92.3%, 92.4%, 92.5%, etc., and so forth.
• Reference to a range of 90-100% includes 92.2% to 97.5%, 91 .5 to 94.5, etc.
• Reference to a series of ranges such as, overlapping ranges between 0.1 % and 15 %, and between 1 % and 10%, include ranges between 0.1 % and 1 %, 0.1 % and 10%, 1 % and 15%, and 10% and 15%.
• Embodiments herein are generally disclosed herein using affirmative language to describe the numerous embodiments.
• the disclosure also specifically includes embodiments in which particular subject matter is excluded, in full or in part, such as substances or materials, method steps and conditions, protocols, procedures, assays or analysis.
• the embodiments are generally not expressed herein in terms of what the invention does not include aspects that are not expressly included are nevertheless disclosed herein.
• room temperature refers to a temperature of from about 20 5 C to about 25 5 C.
• Ipfencarbazone plus surfactant was diluted in water and applied at a rate equivalent to about 250 L/ha. Ipfencarbazone was applied using a track sprayer. After treatment, the pots were randomized in a greenhouse. At each assessment (indicated by "days after treatment” or DAT) the height of each plant was measured. The data means are listed in the Tables below. The letters next to each mean indicate the level of statistical significance. Means with the same letters are not significantly different from each other.
• Crop 1 TRZAX Triticum aestivum Soft wheat
• Crop 2 TRZAX Triticum aestivum Soft wheat
• Crop 3 TRZAX Triticum aestivum Soft wheat
• Crop 6 PHSVX Phaseolus vulgaris Garden bean
• Crop 7 GLXMA Glycine max Soybean
• Crop 8 GOSHI Gossypium hirsutum American upland cotton
• Crop 9 BRADC Brachiaria decumbens Surinam grass
• Treated Plot Area 1 .4 m 2 Tillage Type: CONTIL conventional-till

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