WO2016078510A1 - 开关装置 - Google Patents

开关装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016078510A1
WO2016078510A1 PCT/CN2015/093711 CN2015093711W WO2016078510A1 WO 2016078510 A1 WO2016078510 A1 WO 2016078510A1 CN 2015093711 W CN2015093711 W CN 2015093711W WO 2016078510 A1 WO2016078510 A1 WO 2016078510A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
operation panel
support rod
switching device
contact plate
groove
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/093711
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孟环彬
张大海
Original Assignee
施耐德电气（澳大利亚）有限公司
孟环彬
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 施耐德电气（澳大利亚）有限公司, 孟环彬 filed Critical 施耐德电气（澳大利亚）有限公司
Priority to EP15860233.4A priority Critical patent/EP3223295B1/en
Publication of WO2016078510A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016078510A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G5/00—Means for preventing, limiting or returning the movements of parts of a control mechanism, e.g. locking controlling member
    • G05G5/05—Means for returning or tending to return controlling members to an inoperative or neutral position, e.g. by providing return springs or resilient end-stops
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H25/00—Switches with compound movement of handle or other operating part
    • H01H25/04—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
    • G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H25/00—Switches with compound movement of handle or other operating part
    • H01H25/04—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick
    • H01H25/041—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick having a generally flat operating member depressible at different locations to operate different controls
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G1/00—Controlling members, e.g. knobs or handles; Assemblies or arrangements thereof; Indicating position of controlling members
    • G05G1/02—Controlling members for hand actuation by linear movement, e.g. push buttons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H25/00—Switches with compound movement of handle or other operating part
    • H01H25/04—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick
    • H01H25/041—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick having a generally flat operating member depressible at different locations to operate different controls
    • H01H2025/046—Operating part movable angularly in more than one plane, e.g. joystick having a generally flat operating member depressible at different locations to operate different controls having a spherical bearing between operating member and housing or bezel

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a switching device, and more particularly to a switching device for controlling a plurality of switching units.
  • a switching device that is capable of controlling a plurality of switching units and that has an aesthetic appearance and an easy-to-operate characteristic.
  • a switch device including: a seat body on which a plurality of switch units are mounted; an operation panel movably coupled to the seat body through a support bar, so that the operation panel can Being operated to respectively press each of the plurality of switch units in a plurality of mutually different directions with respect to the seat body; and a reset mechanism configured to drive the operation panel from relative to the seat body Any tilt state returns to equilibrium. In the balanced state, the operation panel does not press any of the plurality of switch units.
  • the first end of the support rod is fixed to the a central end of the operation panel, the second end of which extends into the support groove in the center of the seat body, and the support rod is rotatably supported in the support groove, so that the support rod can follow the operation panel (3)
  • the tilting motion is oscillating.
  • a first shaft is pivotally supported on the seat body, and a through groove is provided on the first shaft along an axial direction of the first shaft, the support rod is worn
  • the through groove is pivotally supported on the first shaft by a second shaft on the support rod, and an axial direction of the first shaft is perpendicular to an axial direction of the second shaft.
  • the reset mechanism includes a spring and a reset piece located in the support groove, and has a contact plate on the second end of the support rod; and the spring forces the The reset piece abuts against the contact plate, and the reset piece is movably guided in the support groove in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the operation panel in the balanced state.
  • the periphery of the contact plate is circular, and has a boss at a circular periphery on a side thereof in contact with the reset sheet for contact with the reset piece.
  • the reset mechanism includes a leaf spring located in the support groove, and has a contact plate on the second end of the support rod; and the leaf spring abuts against the Contact plate.
  • the second end of the support rod has a ball head that is positioned on the seat by a positioning seat to form a ball hinge.
  • a contact plate is provided between the first end and the second end of the support rod, the reset mechanism includes a spring located in the support groove, and the spring is held in the Between the positioning seat and the contact plate.
  • a guide groove is provided on the seat body, and the support rod is guided by the guide groove.
  • the at least two switching units are not symmetrically distributed with respect to a central center of the operation panel.
  • the switching device of each embodiment of the present invention can control a plurality of opening by only a single switch panel by providing a single switch panel that can be pivoted and reset in various directions Off unit.
  • the single switch panel of the switching device eliminates the possibility of gaps and irregularities between the plurality of switch panels. Therefore, the switching device of the present invention has a more aesthetic appearance. Moreover, since a single switch panel can have a relatively larger operating surface, the user can more easily position and operate the switch panel. This makes the operation of the switching device of the present invention more convenient.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a switching device in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 shows the seat of the switching device of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 shows the first shaft of the switching device of Figure 1
  • Figure 4 shows the support rod of the switching device of Figure 1
  • Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the switching device of Figure 1 with the operating panel in an equilibrium state
  • Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the switching device of Figure 1 with the operating panel in an inclined state
  • Figure 7 shows an operable position of the operation panel of the switching device of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 8 is an exploded view of a switching device in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 9 is a partial enlarged view of a section of the switching device of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 shows the base of the switching device of Figure 8.
  • Figure 11 shows the positioning seat of the switching device of Figure 8.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a switching device in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the switch device includes a seat body 1 in which a support groove 11 perpendicular to an end surface of the seat body 1 is provided.
  • a plurality of through holes 12 are distributed around the support groove 11, and at least one switch unit 2 (four in FIG. 1) can be mounted to the base body 1 and the operable portion 21 of the switch unit 2 is passed through the through hole 12 and protrude from the seat 1.
  • Each of the switch units 2 is a known push button switch unit, and the operable portion 21 is a button.
  • the characteristic of such a push-button unit is that when the button is pressed for the first time, the switch unit is closed, and when the button is pressed again, the switch unit is turned off.
  • Each switching unit 2 can be connected to a separate circuit to control the switching of the circuit.
  • the switching device also includes an operation panel 3.
  • the operation panel 3 is made of a hard material such as a hard plastic or the like.
  • the operation panel 3 is movably connected to the base 1 via the support rod 4.
  • the support rod 4 is also made of a hard material, preferably made of metal.
  • the first end of the support rod 4 is fixed to the center of the operation panel 3, and the second end thereof extends into the support groove 11 at the center of the seat body 1.
  • a support hole 13 (see FIG. 2) is provided on the side wall 112 of the support groove 11 of the base 1. 3, a shaft end 60 at both ends of a first shaft 6 projects into the support hole 13, and the shoulder 62 thereon abuts against the side wall 112, so that the first shaft 6 is rotationally positioned on the seat body. 1 extends across the support groove 11 in the axial direction of the first axis.
  • a through groove 61 is provided in the first shaft 6 along the axial direction of the first shaft 6.
  • the support rod 4 passes through the through groove 61 and is pivotally supported in the shaft hole 63 on the first shaft 6 through the second shaft 41 (see FIG. 4) on the support rod 4, and the axial direction of the first shaft 6 and the second The axial direction of the shaft 41 is vertically arranged.
  • the support rod 4 can swing in the axial direction of the first shaft 6 in the through groove 61 on the first shaft 6; meanwhile, since the first shaft 6 is also pivotally supported on the seat body 1, the support rod 4 can also follow The first shaft 6 rotates together with respect to the seat body 1.
  • the portion 43 of the support rod 4 located in the through groove 61 has a wider width to facilitate the provision of the second shaft 41 and to facilitate guiding of the support rod 4 in the through groove 61 in the swinging direction to avoid twisting.
  • the support rods 4 supported by the two shafts can thus achieve rotation in any direction by the cooperation of the rotational movement of the two shafts. Therefore, when the operation panel 3 is pressed and tilted in an arbitrary direction, the support bar 4 can be swung with the operation panel 3 without restricting the inclination of the operation panel 3; at the same time, the operation panel 3 also passes through the support bar 4 and the two The shaft is supported on the seat body 1 without being detached therefrom.
  • the operation panel 3 can be tilted toward being pressed in any direction, the operation panel 3 can use its surface facing the seat body 1 to contact and press the respective switch units in different orientations with respect to the center of the operation panel 3. Therefore, the respective switching units 2 are no longer limited to being distributed only at positions reachable by the operation panel 3 about one axis of rotation, but may be distributed in any orientation around the center of the operation panel 3 as needed. In particular, at least two of the switching units 2 may not be symmetrically distributed with respect to the central center of the operation panel 3. Therefore, any number of switching units 2 can be mounted around the support groove 11 in the seat body 1 while the space is allowed and easy to operate, and the operation panel 3 can be pressed to tilt and drive the one of the switch units 2 Switch unit 2.
  • one to eight switching units 2 can be included in the switching device.
  • the plurality of switch units 2 can advantageously be evenly distributed around the center of the operation panel 3 such that the angle between each adjacent switch unit is as large as possible, thereby preventing the operation panel 3 from simultaneously pressing a plurality of times when tilting in one direction The switching unit 2 is erroneously operated.
  • the switching device further includes a reset mechanism 5 for driving the operation panel 3 to return from an inclined state with respect to the seat body 1 to an equilibrium state.
  • the balance state is a state in which the operation panel 3 does not press any of the plurality of switch units 2.
  • the reset mechanism 5 includes a spring 51 and a reset piece 52 located in the support groove 11.
  • One end of the spring 51 abuts against the bottom wall 111 of the support groove 11, and the other end abuts against one side of the reset piece 52.
  • a contact plate 42 is provided on the second end of the support rod 4.
  • the spring 51 is preloaded to force the other side of the reset piece 52 against the contact plate 42.
  • the end surface of the return piece 52 has substantially the same shape and size as the end surface of the support groove 11, so that the reset piece 52 is movable along a direction perpendicular to the plane of the operation panel 3 in the equilibrium state (i.e., the axial direction of the support groove 11). Ground oriented.
  • a groove may be provided on the periphery of the side of the reset piece 52 that is in contact with the spring 51 so as to be fixed with the spring 51 (especially a coil spring); and in contact with the contact plate 42 of the reset piece 52
  • a receiving cavity recessed inwardly may be formed on one side to accommodate the contact plate 42.
  • the perimeter of the contact plate 42 is circular.
  • a circular periphery on the side of the side in contact with the reset piece 52 may have an annular boss 421.
  • the spring 51 is loaded by the return piece 52 in the axial direction of the support groove 11 perpendicularly to the end of the seat body 1 toward the contact plate 42. Since the direction of the force of the contact plate 42 is perpendicular to the end surface of the seat body 1, the support rod 4 will be held in the direction along the axial direction of the support groove 11 and perpendicular to the end surface of the seat body 1. As a result, the operation panel 3 fixed to the first end of the support rod 4 is thus held at a position parallel to the end surface of the seat body 1.
  • each switch unit 2 since the side of the operation panel 3 facing the seat body 1 is flat, the distance of the side from the button 21 of each switch unit 2 is the same, so that the operation panel 3 does not press the button 21 of any one of the switch units 2, It is in equilibrium.
  • the position of each switch unit 2 may be set such that the top of each button 21 just touches the operation panel 3 or is slightly pressed by the operation panel 3 in the balanced state without reaching the stroke of the changeover switch unit 2, or may pass through the operation panel 3 and Additional pads are provided between the keys 21 to effect this contact or a slight press.
  • the operation panel 3 can be supported by the respective keys 21 around its center, thereby avoiding the shaking of the operation panel 3.
  • the restoring force of the spring 51 pushes up the reset piece 52.
  • the return piece 52 applies a restoring force to the contact plate 42 at a point of contact with the contact plate 42, causing the contact plate 42 to rotate together with the support rod 4 and the operation panel 3 in a direction opposite to the tilt direction until the contact plate 42 is rotated to the reset sheet 52 parallel positions of the end faces.
  • the reset piece 52 is uniform on the entire periphery of the contact plate 42 and not only at one point toward the contact plate 42. Apply a restoring force. Since the moment of engagement of the contact plate 42 is zero at this time, the contact plate 42 will no longer rotate and be held in the equilibrium position. Thus, the operation panel 3 is returned to the aforementioned equilibrium position to facilitate the next pressing operation.
  • the operation panel 3 When the operation panel 3 is pressed again, it is possible to select to press the same switch unit 2 as the previous operation, or to press any of the switch units 2 different from the previous operation. Due to the resultant pivoting of the first shaft 6 and the second shaft 41, the point of application of the force F2 exerted on the operation panel 3 when pressed again may be symmetrical with respect to the center of the operation panel 3 at the point of the previous application of force F1.
  • the position for example, a position rotated by 90 degrees around the center (as shown in FIG. 7), thereby inclining the operation panel 3 in any direction asymmetrical with the previous tilt direction to operate the other switch unit 2.
  • the spring 51 of the reset mechanism 5 can also be any other element that can achieve an elastic restoring force, such as a leaf spring.
  • the reset piece 52 can be omitted, and the leaf spring 51 can be brought into direct contact with the contact plate 42. Since the leaf spring 51 has a large surface area, it is possible to ensure its constant contact with the contact plate 42 and to always apply a restoring force thereto.
  • FIG. 8-11 illustrate a switching device in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a spherical hinge is used instead of the two orthogonal axes in the foregoing embodiment to achieve pivotal support in any direction of the operation panel.
  • the second end of the support rod 4 has a ball head 44.
  • a hemispherical ball seat 113 is formed at the bottom of the support groove 11 of the seat body 1.
  • the ball head 44 is housed in the ball head holder 113 (see Figs. 9 and 10).
  • a positioning seat 7 is engaged with the seat body 1 through the support rod 4, and has a hemispherical ball head cover on the side facing the ball head 44.
  • the ball head 44 is wrapped in a spherical cavity formed by the ball head holder 113 and the ball head cover to form a ball joint.
  • the positioning seat 7 can be fixed to the seat body 1 by the elastic legs 71 thereon and the card slots 114 (see FIGS.
  • the support rod 4 can also be tilted in any direction with the operation panel 3 without hindering the inclination of the operation panel 3; at the same time, the spherical hinge also connects the operation panel 3 to the seat body 1 so that it does not The seat 1 is detached.
  • the contact plate 42 is disposed between the first end and the second end of the support rod 4, which may be integrally formed with the support rod 4, or sleeved on the support rod 4 and passed through the support rod 4.
  • the stop 45 is positioned.
  • the reset mechanism 5 includes a spring located in the support groove 11 51.
  • the spring 51 is held between the positioning seat 7 and the contact plate 42, so that a restoring force is applied to the support rod 4 and the operation panel 3 through the contact plate 42.
  • a spring groove 72 (see FIG. 11) may be provided on the positioning seat 7 to fix one end of the spring 51.
  • the spring 51 When the user no longer presses the operation panel 3, the spring 51 is provided with a restoring force to the contact plate 42 at a position in contact with the contact plate 42 by the more compressed side to generate a torque driving contact plate 42 together with the support rod 4 and the operation panel 3 Rotate in the opposite direction of the tilt direction until the contact plate 42 is perpendicular to the vertical direction of the spring 51. At this time, the spring 51 does not provide a restoring force to the contact plate 42, or provides a restoring force uniformly distributed circumferentially around the support rod 4 to the contact plate 42 so that the contact torque received by the contact plate 42 is zero, so that the contact plate 42 will no longer rotate. And is kept in a balanced position. Thus, the operation panel 3 is returned to the aforementioned equilibrium position to facilitate the next pressing operation.
  • a guide groove (not shown) may be provided on the base 1.
  • the support rod 4 is guided through the guide groove.
  • the guide groove is formed as a slotted, three-wire radial through the orthographic position of the center of the operation panel 3. Slot, cross slot, six-wire or eight-line radial slot.
  • the guide groove may be formed on a cover that is fastened to the end of the support groove 11 of the seat body 1.
  • the switching device of each embodiment of the present invention can be pivoted in various directions by providing And a single switch panel 3 is reset, so that a plurality of switch units can be controlled by only a single switch panel 3.
  • the single switch panel of the switching device eliminates the possibility of gaps and irregularities between the plurality of switch panels. Therefore, the switching device of the present invention has a more aesthetic appearance.
  • a single switch panel can have a relatively larger operating surface, the user can more easily position and operate the switch panel. This makes the operation of the switching device of the present invention more convenient.
  • the switchgear of the present invention is adapted to be mounted in a slot in a wall, panel or the like for use in domestic, commercial or industrial applications.
  • Each of the switching units of the switching device can be used to separately control lighting circuits, power supplies, electrical equipment, and the like.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
  • Rotary Switch, Piano Key Switch, And Lever Switch (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Abstract

一种开关装置，包括：座体（1），该座体上安装有多个开关单元（2）；操作面板（3），通过支撑杆（4）与该座体活动连接，使得操作面板能够被操作为相对于该座体在多个彼此不同的方向上倾斜而分别按压多个开关单元中的每一个；以及复位机构（5），配置为驱动该操作面板从相对于该座体的任意倾斜状态回复到平衡状态，在该平衡状态，操作面板不按压多个开关单元中的任何一个。该开关装置外观美观，并且便于操作。

Description

开关装置 技术领域
本公开的实施方式涉及开关装置，尤其是用于控制多个开关单元的开关装置。
背景技术
目前的机械开关装置通常使用一个开关按键控制一个开关单元，至多使用一个开关按键控制两个开关单元。而若要在一个开关装置中实现对多个开关单元的控制，则通常在一个开关装置中并列设置多个开关按键以分别操作不同的开关单元。多个排列在一起的开关按键之间具有间隙，并且各间隙的宽度可能不相同，各开关按键的倾斜角度也可能不一致。这导致开关装置的外观不美观。而且，在有限的开关装置的表面上设置多个开关按键导致每个按键的表面积更小，这不利于使用者对按键的方便准确的操作。
因此，希望提供一种开关装置，其能够控制多个开关单元，并且具有美观的外观和便于操作的特性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种开关装置，以至少部分解决上述问题。
根据本公开的实施方式，提供一种开关装置，包括：座体，所述座体上安装有多个开关单元；操作面板，通过支撑杆与所述座体活动连接，使得所述操作面板能够被操作为相对于所述座体在多个彼此不同的方向上倾斜而分别按压所述多个开关单元中的每一个；以及复位机构，配置为驱动所述操作面板从相对于所述座体的任意倾斜状态回复到平衡状态。在所述平衡状态，所述操作面板不按压所述多个开关单元中的任何一个。
根据本公开的另一实施方式，所述支撑杆的第一端被固定到所述 操作面板的中央，其第二端伸入所述座体中央的支撑槽中，并且所述支撑杆被转动支撑在所述支撑槽中，使得所述支撑杆能够随所述操作面板(3)的倾斜运动而摆动。
根据本公开的另一实施方式，在所述座体上枢转支撑有第一轴，在所述第一轴上沿着所述第一轴的轴向设有通槽，所述支撑杆穿过所述通槽并通过支撑杆上的第二轴枢转支撑在所述第一轴上，并且所述第一轴的轴向与所述第二轴的轴向垂直。
根据本公开的另一实施方式，所述复位机构包括位于所述支撑槽中的弹簧和复位片，并且在所述支撑杆的所述第二端上具有接触板；并且所述弹簧迫使所述复位片抵靠所述接触板，并且所述复位片在所述支撑槽中沿着垂直于在所述平衡状态的所述操作面板的平面的方向被可移动地导向。
根据本公开的另一实施方式，所述接触板的周边为圆形，并且在其与所述复位片接触的一侧的圆形周边具有凸台，以用于与所述复位片接触。
根据本公开的另一实施方式，所述复位机构包括位于所述支撑槽中的片簧，并且在所述支撑杆的所述第二端上具有接触板；并且所述片簧抵靠所述接触板。
根据本公开的另一实施方式，所述支撑杆的第二端具有球头，所述球头被定位座定位在所述座体上以形成球形铰链。
根据本公开的另一实施方式，在所述支撑杆的第一端和第二端之间设有接触板，所述复位机构包括位于所述支撑槽中的弹簧，所述弹簧被保持在所述定位座与所述接触板之间。
根据本公开的另一实施方式，在所述座体上设有引导槽，所述支撑杆被所述引导槽引导。
根据本公开的另一实施方式，至少两个开关单元不相对于所述操作面板的中央中心对称分布。
本发明的各实施方式的开关装置通过提供可以朝各个方向枢转并复位的单个开关面板，使得仅通过单个开关面板即可以控制多个开 关单元。该开关装置的单个开关面板使得不存在多个开关面板之间可能出现的缝隙以及不平整。因此，本发明的开关装置具有更加美观的外观。而且，由于单个开关面板可以具有相对更大的操作表面，因此使用者能够更轻松地定位并操作开关面板。这使得本发明的开关装置操作更加便利。
附图说明
本公开的上述和其它目的以及特性结合以下对所附附图的详细描述将变得更加明显，其中：
图1是根据本公开的一实施方式的开关装置的分解视图；
图2示出了图1中的开关装置的座体；
图3示出了图1中的开关装置的第一轴；
图4示出了图1中的开关装置的支撑杆；
图5示出了图1中的开关装置的截面图，其中操作面板处于平衡状态；
图6示出了图1中的开关装置的截面图，其中操作面板处于倾斜状态；
图7示出了图1中的开关装置的操作面板的可操作位置；
图8是根据本公开的另一实施方式的开关装置的分解视图；
图9是图8中的开关装置的截面的局部放大图；
图10示出了图8中的开关装置的座体；
图11示出了图8中的开关装置的定位座。
纵观以上附图，相同的附图标记将被理解为指代相同的、类似的或相应的特征或功能。
具体实施方式
现在将对本公开的实施例做出参考，实施例的一个或多个示例由附图所示出。实施例通过本公开的阐述所提供，并且不旨在作为对本公开的限制。例如，作为一个实施例的一部分所示出或描述的特征可 能在另一个实施例中被使用以生成进一步的实施例。本公开旨在包括属于本公开范围和精神的这些和其他修改和变化。
图1是根据本公开的一个实施方式的开关装置的分解视图。该开关装置包括座体1，座体1的中央设有垂直于座体1的端面的支撑槽11。在支撑槽11周围分布有多个通孔12，至少一个开关单元2(图1中为四个)可以安装到该座体1，并使得开关单元2的可操作部分21穿过所述通孔12而从座体1中伸出。每个开关单元2为已知的按键式开关单元，其可操作部分21为一按键。这种按键式开关单元的特性是，当第一次按下按键时，开关单元闭合，当再次按下按键时，开关单元断开。每个开关单元2可连接到一个单独的电路以控制该电路的通断。
开关装置还包括操作面板3。操作面板3由硬质材质制成，例如硬塑料等。操作面板3通过支撑杆4与座体1活动连接。支撑杆4也由硬质材质制成，优选由金属制成。
具体地，支撑杆4的第一端被固定到操作面板3的中央，其第二端伸入座体1中央的支撑槽11中。在座体1的支撑槽11的侧壁112上设有支撑孔13(见图2)。结合图3，一个第一轴6两端的轴端60伸入支撑孔13中，并且其上的轴肩62抵靠在侧壁112上，使得该第一轴6被旋转定位在所述座体1上并沿第一轴的轴向横跨支撑槽11。第一轴6上沿着第一轴6的轴向设有通槽61。支撑杆4穿过通槽61并通过支撑杆4上的第二轴41(见图4)枢转支撑在第一轴6上的轴孔63中，并且第一轴6的轴向与第二轴41的轴向垂直布置。这样，支撑杆4可以在第一轴6上的通槽61中沿第一轴6的轴向摆动；同时，由于第一轴6也是枢转支撑在座体1上，因此支撑杆4还可以随第一轴6一同相对于座体1旋转。有利地，支撑杆4位于通槽61中的部分43具有较宽的宽度，以便于设置第二轴41并便于支撑杆4在通槽61中被沿着摆动方向导向而避免扭转。
由于第一轴6与第二轴41相互垂直，被这两个轴支撑的支撑杆4因此可以通过这两个轴的旋转运动的协作而实现朝任意方向的旋转。 因此，在朝向任意方向按压操作面板3并使其倾斜时，支撑杆4能随操作面板3进行摆动，而不会限制操作面板3的倾斜；同时操作面板3也通过支撑杆4和这两个轴被支撑在座体1上而不会从其脱离。
由于操作面板3可以朝向任意方向被按压而倾斜，因此操作面板3可以利用其面向座体1的表面来接触并按压相对于操作面板3的中央处于不同方位的各个开关单元。因此，各个开关单元2不再限于仅分布在操作面板3绕一个轴旋转可到达的位置，而是可以根据需要分布在围绕操作面板3中央的周围的任意方位。尤其是其中的至少两个开关单元2可以不相对于操作面板3的中央中心对称分布。因此，在空间允许并且便于操作的前提下，可以在座体1中围绕支撑槽11安装任意数量的开关单元2，而操作面板3可以被按压而朝向该开关单元2中的每一个倾斜并驱动该开关单元2。有利地，开关装置中可以包括一至八个开关单元2。并且，该多个开关单元2有利地可以围绕操作面板3的中央均匀分布，以使各相邻开关单元之间的角度尽量大，从而避免操作面板3在朝向一个方向倾斜时可能同时按压多个开关单元2而发生误操作。
该开关装置还包括复位机构5，以用于驱动操作面板3从相对于座体1的任意倾斜状态回复到平衡状态。平衡状态即操作面板3不按压多个开关单元2中的任何一个的状态。
在图1-6所示的实施方式中，复位机构5包括位于支撑槽11中的弹簧51和复位片52。弹簧51一端抵靠支撑槽11的底壁111，另一端抵靠复位片52的一侧。在支撑杆4的第二端上具有接触板42。弹簧51被预加载以迫使复位片52的另一侧抵靠接触板42。复位片52端面具有与支撑槽11的端面基本相同的形状和尺寸，以使得复位片52被沿着垂直于在平衡状态的操作面板3的平面的方向(即支撑槽11的轴向)可移动地导向。有利地，在复位片52的与弹簧51接触的一侧的周边上可以设有凹槽，以便于与弹簧51(尤其是螺旋弹簧)固定在一起；而在复位片52的与接触板42接触的一侧上可以形成向内凹陷的容纳腔，以容纳接触板42。有利地，接触板42的周边为圆形， 并且在其与复位片52接触的一侧的圆形周边可以具有环形凸台421。这样，无论支撑杆4随操作面板3朝哪个方向倾斜，接触板42上的环形凸台421都仅在其边缘上的一个点上与复位片52接触。这将有利于复位片52对操作面板的准确复位，如后面将详细描述的。
如图5所示，当使用者不按压操作面板3时，弹簧51通过复位片52沿支撑槽11的轴向垂直于座体1的端面向接触板42加载。由于接触板42的受力方向垂直于座体1的端面，因此，支撑杆4将被保持在沿支撑槽11的轴向并垂直于座体1的端面的方向。结果，与支撑杆4第一端固定的操作面板3因而被保持在平行于座体1的端面的位置上。此时，由于操作面板3的面向座体1的一侧是平的，因此该侧距离各开关单元2的按键21的距离相同，从而操作面板3并不按压任何一个开关单元2的按键21，即处于平衡状态。可以将各开关单元2的位置设置为使得在平衡状态时各按键21的顶部刚好接触操作面板3或稍被操作面板3按压而未达到切换开关单元2的行程，或可以通过在操作面板3和按键21之间提供另外的垫片来实现该接触或稍微按压的状态。这样，操作面板3可在其中央的周围得到各按键21的支撑，从而避免操作面板3的晃动。
如图6所示，当使用者朝向一个开关单元2的方向向操作面板3施加力F1时，操作面板3朝向该施力方向倾斜，并驱动该位置处的相应的开关单元2的按键21被按下，从而使该开关单元2从断开状态切换到闭合状态，或从闭合状态切换到断开状态。此时，支撑杆4随操作面板3的倾斜而倾斜，并带动接触板42倾斜以在其周边上的在倾斜方向的一个点处按压复位片52。复位片52在支撑槽11的导向下沿支撑槽11向下按压弹簧51以积蓄回复力。
当使用者不再按压操作面板时，弹簧51的回复力顶起复位片52。复位片52在与接触板42接触的点向接触板42施加回复力，使接触板42连同支撑杆4和操作面板3一起朝向与倾斜方向相反的方向旋转，直到接触板42旋转到与复位片52端面平行的位置。此时，复位片52在接触板42的整个周边上而不仅是一个点上向接触板42均匀 地施加回复力。由于此时接触板42受到的合力矩为零，接触板42将不再旋转，而被保持在平衡位置。这样，操作面板3也就回到了前述的平衡位置，以便于下一次的按压操作。
当再次按压操作面板3时，可以选择按压与前次操作相同的开关单元2，或者按压与前次操作不同的任意开关单元2。由于第一轴6和第二轴41的合成枢转，再次按压时施加在操作面板3上的力F2的施力点可以在与前次施力F1的点不关于操作面板3的中央中心对称的位置，例如绕中央旋转90度的位置(如图7所示)，从而使操作面板3在与前次倾斜方向不对称的任意方向上倾斜，以操作其他开关单元2。
复位机构5的弹簧51还可以是任意其他可以实现弹性回复力的元件，例如片簧。在弹簧51为片簧的情况下，可以省略复位片52，而使片簧51直接与接触板42接触。由于片簧51具有较大的表面积，因而可以保证其与接触板42的始终接触并向其始终施加回复力。
图8-11示出了根据本公开的另一实施方式的开关装置。与前述实施方式不同的是，在该实施方式中，使用球形铰链代替前述实施方式中的两个正交轴来实现对操作面板的任意方向的枢转支撑。
在该实施方式中，支撑杆4的第二端具有球头44。在座体1的支撑槽11的底部形成半球形的球头座113。球头44容纳在该球头座113中(见图9和10)。一定位座7穿过支撑杆4与座体1接合，并在面向球头44的一侧具有半球形球头盖。球头44被包在由球头座113和球头盖形成的球形腔中，从而形成球形铰链。定位座7可以通过其上的弹性腿71与座体1的支撑槽11侧壁上的卡槽114(见图10和11)扣合而固定在座体1上。通过该球形铰链，支撑杆4同样可以随操作面板3朝任意方向倾斜，而不会妨碍操作面板3的倾斜；同时，该球形铰链也将操作面板3连接到座体1而使其不会从座体1脱离。
在该实施方式中，接触板42设置在支撑杆4的第一端和第二端之间，其可以与支撑杆4一体形成，或者套设在支撑杆4上并通过支撑杆4上的止挡件45定位。复位机构5包括位于支撑槽11中的弹簧 51。弹簧51被保持在定位座7与接触板42之间，从而通过接触板42向支撑杆4和操作面板3施加回复力。在定位座7上可以设有弹簧槽72(见图11)以固定弹簧51的一端。
与关于图1-7描述的实施方式相似，当按压操作面板3的与某个开关单元2对应的位置时，操作面板3朝向该开关单元2倾斜并按压该开关单元2的按键21。此时，支撑杆4随操作面板3倾斜，带动接触板42倾斜。倾斜的接触板42朝向一侧压缩弹簧51而积蓄回复力。当使用者不再按压操作面板3时，弹簧51被更多压缩的一侧在与接触板42接触的位置向接触板42提供回复力，以产生力矩驱动接触板42连同支撑杆4和操作面板3朝倾斜方向相反的方向旋转，直到接触板42与弹簧51的竖直方向垂直。此时弹簧51不向接触板42提供回复力，或者向接触板42提供围绕支撑杆4周向均匀分布的回复力而使接触板42受到的合力矩为零，从而接触板42将不再旋转，而被保持在平衡位置。这样，操作面板3也就回到了前述的平衡位置，以便于下一次的按压操作。
对于本发明中的各实施方式，还可以在座体1上设有引导槽(未示出)。支撑杆4穿过该引导槽而被引导。通过将引导槽设置为仅沿着被安装的多个开关单元2的按键21的位置与面板中央的连线延伸，这样，当使用者按压操作面板3时，由于支撑杆4只能沿着引导槽的路径倾斜，因此，操作面板3被引导为只能朝着多个开关单元2中的一个的按键21的方向倾斜而按压该按键21。这避免了由于在操作面板3上的按压位置不恰当而导致操作面板朝向不按压任何开关单元2或同时按压多个开关单元2的不正确倾斜方向倾斜，使得该开关装置的操作更加准确可靠。对于围绕操作面板中央均匀分布的一个(或两个)、三个、四个、六个或八个开关单元，该引导槽形成为通过操作面板3中央的正投影位置的一字槽、三线放射状槽、十字槽、六线或八线放射状槽。优选地，该引导槽可以形成在扣在座体1的支撑槽11的端部上的盖上。
本发明的各实施方式的开关装置通过提供可以朝各个方向枢转 并复位的单个开关面板3，使得仅通过单个开关面板3即可以控制多个开关单元。该开关装置的单个开关面板使得不存在多个开关面板之间可能出现的缝隙以及不平整。因此，本发明的开关装置具有更加美观的外观。而且，由于单个开关面板可以具有相对更大的操作表面，因此使用者能够更轻松地定位并操作开关面板。这使得本发明的开关装置操作更加便利。
应当理解，本发明的开关装置适于安装在墙壁、面板等平面上的槽中，以用于家用、商业或工业场合中。该开关装置中的各个开关单元可以用于分别控制照明电路、电源、电气设备等。
应当留意的是，上述的实施例的给出用于描述本发明的原理，而不是限制其范围；并且应当理解的是，可以在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下采取修改和变化，对此本领域技术人员将很容易理解。这些修改和变化被认为是在本发明和所附权利要求的范围之内。本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求所限定。另外，在权利要求中的任何附图标记不应该被解释为是对权利要求的限制。动词“包括”及其变体的使用并不排除存在权利要求所述以外的元件或步骤。元件或步骤前的不定冠词“一"或“一个"不排除存在多个这样的元件或步骤。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种开关装置，包括：
    座体(1)，所述座体(1)上安装有多个开关单元(2)；
    操作面板(3)，通过支撑杆(4)与所述座体(1)活动连接，使得所述操作面板(3)能够被操作为相对于所述座体(1)在多个彼此不同的方向上倾斜而分别按压所述多个开关单元(2)中的每一个；以及
    复位机构(5)，配置为驱动所述操作面板(3)从相对于所述座体(1)的任意倾斜状态回复到平衡状态，在所述平衡状态，所述操作面板(3)不按压所述多个开关单元(2)中的任何一个。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的开关装置，其中，所述支撑杆(4)的第一端被固定到所述操作面板(3)的中央，其第二端伸入所述座体(1)中央的支撑槽(11)中，
    并且所述支撑杆(4)被转动支撑在所述支撑槽(11)中，使得所述支撑杆(4)能够随所述操作面板(3)的倾斜运动而摆动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的开关装置，其中，在所述座体(1)上枢转支撑有第一轴(6)，在所述第一轴(6)上沿着所述第一轴(6)的轴向设有通槽(61)，所述支撑杆(4)穿过所述通槽(61)并通过支撑杆(4)上的第二轴(41)枢转支撑在所述第一轴(6)上，并且所述第一轴(6)的轴向与所述第二轴(41)的轴向垂直。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的开关装置，其中，所述复位机构(5)包括位于所述支撑槽(11)中的弹簧(51)和复位片(52)，并且在所述支撑杆(4)的所述第二端上具有接触板(42)；并且
    其中所述弹簧(51)迫使所述复位片(52)抵靠所述接触板(42)，并且所述复位片(52)在所述支撑槽(11)中沿着垂直于在所述平衡状态的所述操作面板(3)的平面的方向被可移动地导向。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的开关装置，其中，所述接触板(42)的周边为圆形，并且在其与所述复位片(52)接触的一侧的圆形周边具 有凸台(421)，以用于与所述复位片(52)接触。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的开关装置，其中，所述复位机构(5)包括位于所述支撑槽(11)中的片簧(51)，并且在所述支撑杆(4)的所述第二端上具有接触板(42)；并且所述片簧(51)抵靠所述接触板(42)。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的开关装置，其中，所述支撑杆(4)的第二端具有球头(44)，所述球头(44)被定位座(7)定位在所述座体(1)上以形成球形铰链。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的开关装置，其中，在所述支撑杆(4)的第一端和第二端之间设有接触板(42)，所述复位机构(5)包括位于所述支撑槽(11)中的弹簧(51)，所述弹簧(51)被保持在所述定位座(7)与所述接触板(42)之间。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的开关装置，其中，在所述座体(1)上设有引导槽，所述支撑杆(4)被所述引导槽引导。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的开关装置，其中，至少两个开关单元(2)不相对于所述操作面板(3)的中央中心对称分布。
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CN105679589A (zh) 2016-06-15

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