WO2016078475A1 - 小型化双极化基站天线 - Google Patents

小型化双极化基站天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016078475A1
WO2016078475A1 PCT/CN2015/090647 CN2015090647W WO2016078475A1 WO 2016078475 A1 WO2016078475 A1 WO 2016078475A1 CN 2015090647 W CN2015090647 W CN 2015090647W WO 2016078475 A1 WO2016078475 A1 WO 2016078475A1
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Prior art keywords
conductor
radiation device
base station
station antenna
antenna
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PCT/CN2015/090647
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李梓萌
Original Assignee
李梓萌
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Priority claimed from CN201410657578.4A external-priority patent/CN104953241B/zh
Application filed by 李梓萌 filed Critical 李梓萌
Priority to US15/023,557 priority Critical patent/US10205226B2/en
Priority to RU2016115675A priority patent/RU2704206C2/ru
Publication of WO2016078475A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016078475A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/001—Crossed polarisation dual antennas

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a dual-polarization directional transmitting and receiving antenna having a horizontal plane lobe width between 55 and 75 degrees.
  • the two polarizations of the antenna are orthogonal to each other, such as orthogonal horizontal and vertical or ⁇ 45 degree tilt. polarization.
  • US Patent No. 3,740,754 which is one of the earliest patents for dual-polarized antennas, describes a vibrator consisting of two tubes of metallic material interconnected by suitable angled lines and placed in a reflection On the cap, and feeding the two sets of vibrators respectively through two sets of coaxial lines. Subsequently, hundreds of different dual-polarized antennas were developed to broaden their operating frequency bands.
  • U.S. Patent 4,184,163 describes a broadband dual-polarized antenna in which the vibrator arm of the antenna is constructed of a metal ring having a ring-shaped or square-shaped box shape.
  • US5481272 describes a broadband dual-polarized antenna in which the vibrator arm of the antenna is constructed of a metal ring having a ring-shaped or square-shaped box shape.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,940,044 describes a tilted dual-polarized antenna having a half power beamwidth of about 65 in the horizontal plane, the antenna comprising several dipole subarrays, each dipole consisting of four single dipoles The sub-arrangement is in the form of a diamond, a diamond or a cube, forming a dipole subarray. The two single dipoles in each dipole subarray and the long sides of the reflector are tilted to +45 ° to form +45.
  • An array of polarized radiation elements are used to a tilted dual-polarized antenna having a half power beamwidth of about 65 in the horizontal plane, the antenna comprising several dipole subarrays, each dipole consisting of four single dipoles The sub-arrangement is in the form of a diamond, a diamond or a cube, forming a dipole subarray. The two single dipoles in each dipole subarray and the long sides of the reflector are tilted to
  • the other two single dipoles are designed to be -45 ° with the long side of the reflector to form an array of -45 ° polarized radiating elements.
  • these dipoles are arranged in such a way that one of the same side is +45.
  • the phase centers of the single dipoles are arranged along a first perpendicular parallel to the long sides of the reflector.
  • another +45 ° single dipole and a -45 ° single dipole The phase centers are arranged along the second perpendicular.
  • the main disadvantage of this square dipole is the need for a complex feed network. For example, four single dipoles must be fed separately using four coaxial lines.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,313,809 B1 describes a dual-polarized radiator composed of four single dipoles which are suitably placed on a reflector which is generally square in shape when viewed from the top. Each dipole is fed by a symmetrical line and has the following characteristics:
  • the dual-polarized dipole radiator is electrically polarized at an angle of +45 degrees or -45 degrees with a structurally defined dipole.
  • Patent WO 2007/114620 A1 describes a dual-polarized radiator consisting of four folded oscillators, which are arranged in the same manner as in US Pat. No. 6,313,809 B1, which is preferably placed on a reflector. Other modifications of the folded vibrator are in Chinese patent CN101707292A.
  • CN201430215Y, CN202178382U, and CN202004160U are described.
  • China CN102377007A, CN201117803Y, CN201117803Y and CN101505007A describe several folded dipoles plus a single dipole to form a square dipole pattern by capacitive coupling.
  • CN1020 74779A, CN102157783A, CN101707291A, CN101572346A, CN201741796U, CN101546863A A plurality of crossed dipoles having different vibrator arms are described in CN101673881A, CN202150554U, CN102246352A, CN102484321A, CN202423541U, CN102544764A, CN101707287A.
  • the width of the lobes of the crossed dipoles is too wide, so large side edges must be used to reduce the lobed width, so that the size of the antenna can still be large, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 7,767, 957 B2.
  • the present application aims to provide a high quality miniaturized dual-polarized base station antenna, which must provide a high quality pattern, for example, this miniaturized double
  • the polarized base station antenna needs to have a large cross-polarization ratio and a front-to-back ratio.
  • the known dual-polarized antennas include a wide-sized reflector, and this wide-sized reflector is used to generate a large front-to-back ratio. Therefore, these antennas have large outer dimensions.
  • the first object of the present application is to reduce the physical size of the dual-polarized antenna as much as possible, that is, to miniaturize the antenna; the second object of the invention is to make the miniaturized dual-polarized antenna still have a large size with the conventional The dual-polarized antenna has the same indicators of front-to-back ratio and cross-polarization ratio.
  • a third object of the invention is to invent an excellent wideband matched feed network for this miniaturized antenna radiating device.
  • the miniaturized dual-polarized antenna base station includes a radiation device and a supporting conductor unit, and the supporting conductor unit supports and fixes the radiation device on the reflecting plate, wherein the two supporting conductors constitute two
  • the baluns are perpendicular to each other and the radiating means is activated by two coaxial cables located at the center of the radiating means to produce two mutually perpendicular linear electromagnetic fields having E vectors parallel to the geometric diagonal of the radiating means .
  • the radiation device of the present application comprises four folded vibrators and passes through four sets of symmetric strip line pairs. It matches the feed. Between four sets of mutually symmetrical strip lines, each two sets of adjacent stripline conductors are interconnected in the middle of the radiating means and form a flat interconnected self-supporting structure.
  • the reflector of the antenna of the present application is much smaller than the reflector of the known antenna, and the radiation device is placed on the reflector of the small size, and the radiation device includes an additional conductor component, and the conductor component Located between the ends of adjacent folded vibrators, the other conductor element is located above the geometric center of the radiating conductor, which on the one hand improves the front-to-back ratio and the cross-polarization ratio, and on the other hand when the radiation device is placed in a small size Above the reflector, these additional components also match the coaxial feeder network.
  • FIG. 1 shows a radiation device comprising four folded vibrators that are fed by four sets of symmetrical feed lines and connected to each other at the center of the radiation device.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a structure of one embodiment of a radiating element of a miniaturized dual-polarized base station antenna of the present application, which includes a radiating device and additional conductor elements, and is placed on a reflecting plate.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a bottom structure of a radiating element in the miniaturized dual-polarized base station antenna shown in FIG. 2, the radiating element having two supporting conductors and two feeding coaxial cables, which are supported by a base metal plate. Connected together.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of a radiation device in a miniaturized dual-polarized base station antenna shown in FIG. 2 without a top metal plate.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a structure of a second embodiment of the miniaturized dual-polarized base station antenna radiating unit of the present application.
  • the radiating device is integrally cast or die-cast with two mutually perpendicular baluns in a metal mold to form a Integral metal vibrator.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 5, constituting a circular monolithic metal vibrator.
  • the sub-feeds are fed by four sets of symmetric feed lines, and the adjacent conductors of each two sets of symmetric feed lines are connected together at the center of the radiation device.
  • the antenna is activated by two coaxial cables placed in the center of the radiating device and radiates two mutually perpendicular linear electromagnetic fields having an E vector parallel to the geometric diagonal of the radiating device.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of the present application, which comprises a radiation device made of a printed circuit board and two mutually perpendicular baluns, the size of the reflector 1 supported on the reflector 1
  • the antenna reflectors are known to be small, and the four folded transducers 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d are fed by four sets of symmetrical strip lines 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d which are placed on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 2.
  • the outer conductor 4a of the support conductor 3a and the coaxial cable is connected to the metal base piece 5, which constitutes the first balun.
  • the second balun is connected by the support conductor 3b and the outer conductor 4b of the coaxial cable.
  • the support conductors 3a and 3b are smaller than 0.15 wavelengths of their center operating frequency.
  • the bottom end of the support conductors 3a, 3b and the outer conductors 4a, 4b are joined together by the conductor base sheet 5, and the top conductor plate 6 is supported on the dielectric substrate 2 by the insulating support column 7, and the insulating dielectric film 8 isolates the tantalum conductor base 5 and the reflecting plate 1, and the conductor base sheet 5 is fixed to the reflecting plate 1 by the plastic rivets 9, and therefore, the present embodiment does not cause passive intermodulation due to the connection problem between the metals.
  • the conductor 10 is soldered and located at the corner of the dielectric plate 2 and directed toward the reflecting plate 1, and the side plate 11 is located at the edge of the dielectric substrate 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows the lower surface of the dielectric plate 2, which comprises four folded vibrators 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d, which are respectively fed by four sets of symmetrical strip lines 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d. Electrically, four identical conductors 12 are located between the ends of the folded vibrators on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 2. Four identical conductors 10 are connected to four conductors 12, respectively
  • the top end of the support conductor 3a is connected to the connection portion of the adjacent two sets of symmetric strip lines 22c and 22d.
  • the top end of the support conductor 3b is connected to the adjacent two sets of symmetric strip lines.
  • the top end of the top end 4a of the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the junction of the adjacent two sets of symmetrical strip lines 22a and 22b.
  • the top of the outer conductor of the coaxial cable The top end of the end 4b is connected to the junction of the adjacent two sets of symmetrical strip lines 22b and 22d.
  • FIG. 4 shows a top view of the dielectric substrate 2 without the top conductor block 6, the inner conductors 14a and 14b of the coaxial cables 4a and 4b being connected to the top ends of the support conductors 3a and 3b via the conductor bridges 15a and 15b, respectively. .
  • the conductor 10 is capacitively coupled to the end of the folded vibrator and the reflector 1 respectively, so that the RF current flows along the conductor 10 and generates a directional radiation along the reflector, the electric field E of the radiation is oriented perpendicular to the opposite The plate, this radiation improves the beamwidth at the E plane and to some extent suppresses the radiation of the folded oscillator in the rear direction.
  • the conductor 12 is connected to the conductor 10, improving the capacitive coupling between the conductor 10 and the end of the folded oscillator.
  • the conductor 10 and the conductor 12 increase the front-to-back ratio of the antenna and produce a radiation whose E-vector orientation is perpendicular to the reflector, which increases the cross-polarization ratio of the antenna at the edge of the ⁇ 60° region.
  • This miniaturized antenna has the same front-to-back ratio and cross-polarization ratio of the ⁇ 60° area edge as the conventionally known large reflector antenna.
  • the conductor bridges 15a and 15b activate the upper conductor piece 6, and the upper conductor piece 6 has a smaller outer dimension than the folded resonator. Therefore, it radiates the high frequency band of the operating frequency band, and the radiation of the upper conductor piece 6 and the radiation of the folded oscillator are different. Because the radiation of the folded oscillator is activated by the ends of the four sets of symmetrical strip lines, the radiation in the high frequency band of the working frequency band is different, which is sufficient to suppress the radiation from the folded oscillator to some extent, so The radiation generated by the conductor piece 6 improves the beam width of the antenna in the high frequency band of the operating frequency band. As a result, when the height between the vibrator and the reflection plate of the antenna is less than 0.15 wavelengths of the working center frequency, the antenna has the same structure as the conventional antenna. The indicator, the height of the vibrator of the traditional antenna is about 0.25 wavelengths.
  • the reflection caused by the upper conductor piece 6 and the conductors 10, 12 suppresses the reflection from the folded oscillator to a certain extent, and as a result, when the height between the vibrator and the reflector of the antenna is less than the center frequency of 0.15 wavelengths, The antenna will produce the same matching bandwidth as the conventional antenna through the feeder cable, and the height between the conventional antenna element and the reflector is about 0.25 wavelengths.
  • FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the present patent, the radiation device comprising folded vibrators 31a, 31b, 31c and 31d connected to the symmetric strip lines 32a, 32b32c and 32d of the folded vibrators, two mutually perpendicular Barrons, they are cast into a whole by die casting.
  • the first balun consists of a support conductor 33a, an off-axis outer conductor, and a base plate 35 that joins them together.
  • the conductor 30 is supported by the insulating dielectric spacer 36 between the ends of the adjacent folded transducers, each conductor 30 is bent at a right angle, a portion of the conductor 30 is fixed in the insulating dielectric spacer 36, and another portion is directed to the reflecting plate 37.
  • conductor 30 acts as conductors 10 and 12 in FIG.
  • the second embodiment of the present application shown in Figure 5 has the same advantages as the first embodiment, but this solution is suitable for large scale manufacturing, is less expensive to manufacture, and can withstand greater power.
  • FIG. 6 shows another metal embodiment of the present application.
  • the radiation device includes folded vibrators 45a, 45b, 45d which are circular in shape and are cast into a circular metal unit by die casting.
  • Insulation The support post 42 supports the top conductor 43 above the radiation device, the conductor 40 is supported between the adjacent folded vibrator ends by the insulating dielectric spacer 41, each conductor 40 is bent at a right angle, and a portion of the conductor 40 is fixed to the insulating medium. In the spacer 41, another portion is directed to the reflecting plate 44, and therefore, the conductor 40 serves as the conductors 10 and 12 in Fig. 4.
  • the embodiment of the present application shown in Figure 6 has the same advantages as the embodiment shown in Figure 5.
  • a ⁇ 45° dual-polarized antenna sample working at 1710 - 2200 MHz is designed, the height of the vibrator and the reflector is about 20 mm, and the size of the reflector is 120*120 mm.
  • the horizontal half power lobe width of this antenna is 60-68°, and the standing wave ratio VSWR is better than 1.20; further, the ⁇ 45° polarized ESC array antenna containing five such radiating elements is designed.
  • the cross-section of this ESC antenna is only 120*45mm.
  • the front-to-back ratio of the ESC antenna is better than 28dB.
  • the cross-polarization ratio is better than 27dB. Its cross-polarization in the main direction. The ratio is better than 25dB, the cross-polarization ratio is better than 10dB at the edge of ⁇ 60°, and the standing wave ratio VSWR is better than 1.25.
  • the present application provides a design of a miniaturized base station antenna, and the miniaturized base station antenna of this design has the same technical specifications as a conventional large-sized antenna.
  • this technology can be applied to antenna bursts in any other frequency band to reduce the physical size of the antenna, for example, to reduce the physical size of the ESTF array antennas such as 690-960MHz and 1710-2710MHz. Therefore, the above is only one of several preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some modifications and modifications under the enlightenment of the technical solution. Any modifications, equivalent changes and modifications of the above embodiments in accordance with the technical spirit of the present application are still within the scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种小型化双极化基站天线，包括辐射装置和馈电单元，其馈电单元包括两条同轴电缆及由两导体形成的两个相互垂直的巴伦，并且将辐射装置支撑于反射板之上。辐射装置由四个交叉振子及四组对称的带状线构成，四组对称的带状线位于辐射装置的中心，与交叉振子连接并对四个交叉振子进行匹配馈电，在辐射装置的中心，四组对称的带状线的相邻导体相互连接起来，整体形成一个首尾衔接的闭合导体环，辐射装置中心之上的顶部导体片是一个正方形或圆形金属构件；与传统现有的双极化天线相比，本申请的双极化天线拥有更小的物理尺寸，却拥有和现有的天线一样的技术指标。

Description

说明书 发明名称：小型化双极化基站天线 技术领域
[0001] 本申请涉及一种水平面波瓣宽度在 55-75°之间的双极化定向收发天线， 此天线 的两个极化相互正交， 比如正交的水平与垂直或者 ±45度倾斜极化。
背景技术
[0002] 美国专利 US3740754, 它是最早描述的双极化天线专利之一， 它描述了由两个 金属材料管组成的振子， 这些金属管以合适的折角线相互连接， 且被放置在一 个反射帽上， 并且通过两组同轴线分别对两组振子进行馈电。 随后， 为了拓宽 其工作频段， 数以百计的不同的双极化天线被研发出来。
[0003] 美国专利 US4184163描述了一种宽频双极化天线， 在此专利中， 其天线的振子 臂由金属环构成， 金属环呈戒指环形或正方形的方框形。 US5481272,
US5952983, US6028563和 US6072439描述了几种类型的振子， 包括折合网格振 子， 领结振子， 和具有附加 PCB巴伦的振子。
[0004] 在美国专利 US6747606B2, US2005/0253769A 1 ,US2013/0106668 A 1
与中国专利 CN201435451Y, CN102025023A,CN201845867U和 CN 102074781 A.中 ， 描述了几种类型的交叉振子， 这些振子包含由两个分支构成的辐射振子臂来 改善波瓣宽度。
[0005] 因交叉偶极子在水平面产生一个宽的波瓣， 为了减小其波瓣宽度， 许多更复杂 的辐射体被发明。 美国专利 US5940044描述了一种倾斜双极化天线， 这种天线 在水平面的半功率波束宽度大约有 65°， 此天线包含几个偶极子子阵， 每个偶极 子由 4个单偶极子排列组成呈菱形， 钻石形或正立方块形， 构成了偶极子子阵。 每个偶极子子阵中的两个单偶极子与反射板的长边被倾斜设计成 +45 °， 从而形 成 +45。极化辐射单元阵列。 另外两个单偶极子则与反射板的长边被设计成 -45 ° ， 从而形成 -45 °极化辐射单元阵列。 在专利中， 这些偶极子排列成如下方式， 其中同一侧的一个 +45。单偶极子和一个 -45。单偶极子的相位中心沿平行于反射 板长边的第一垂线排列。 同理， 另外一个 +45 °单偶极子和一个 -45 °单偶极子的 相位中心沿第二垂线排列。 这种方形偶极子的主要缺点是需要有一个复杂的馈 电网络， 比如， 必须使用 4条同轴线对这四个单偶极子分别进行馈电。
[0006] EP0973231A2, US6333720B1, US6529172B2和 US2010/0309084A1描述了几种 具有方形图案的辐射体。 为了利于制造， 这些偶极子的巴伦相对于方形振子的 图案中心线倾斜。 尽管这是新的图形结构， 但制造这种天线仍然是非常复杂的
[0007] 美国专利 US6313809B1描述了一种由 4个单偶极子构成的双极化辐射体， 此辐 射体恰当地放置在一个反射器上， 从顶部看， 其整体结构上呈正方形。 每个偶 极子依靠对称线路进行馈电并具有以下特征， 双极化偶极子辐射体在电气方面 以一个与结构上规定的偶极子取向成 +45度或 -45度角的极化进行辐射， 如此实 现各自二分之一偶极子的对称线路的末端的交错连接， 即相邻的， 相互垂直的 二分之一的偶极子的相应的二分之一线路始终电连接， 并且对于第一极化和与 其正交的第二极化来说实现了去耦且能分别向相对的二分之一的偶极子进行电 气馈电。
[0008] 关于这种方形偶极子的另外的一些修改， 在美国和中国专利 US6940465B2,
US7688271B2, CN202423543U, CN202268481U,CN101916910A, CN102097677A, CN102694237A,CN102544711A, CN201199545Y, CN102117967A
和 CN102013560A.中都有被描述。
[0009] 专利 WO2007/114620A1描述了一种由四个折合振子构成的双极化辐射体， 此 辐射体使用了美国专利 US6313809B1相同的布置方式， 较好地将其放置于反射 板上， 关于此折合振子的另外一些修改在中国专利 CN101707292A,
CN201430215Y, CN202178382U,和 CN202004160U中都有被描述， 另夕卜， 中国 CN102377007A,CN201117803Y, CN201117803Y和 CN101505007A描述了几 个折合振子加一个单偶极子通过电容耦合方式构成一个方形偶极子图形。
[0010] 在带宽达到 30%吋， 已知的这些包含四个通常的或折合振子的辐射体组成一个 方形的偶极子能提供一个好的方向图， 但这些偶极子需要一个宽的反射板来产 生一个好的前后比。 其辐射部署装置被放在一块反射板上吋， 其振子高度大约 是中心工作频率的四分之一波长， 因此已知的辐射体都有一个较大的尺寸。 [0011] 为了克服这些缺点， 许多另外的具有小尺寸特点的双极化辐射体被发明， 在美 国专利 US6933906B2, US7132995B2, US2012/0235873A1 , 和中国专利 CN1020 74779A, CN102157783A, CN101707291A, CN101572346A, CN201741796U, CN101546863A, CN101673881A, CN202150554U, CN102246352A, CN102484 321A, CN202423541U, CN102544764A, CN101707287A中描述了许多具有不 同振子臂的交叉偶极子。 在水平面， 交叉偶极子的波瓣宽度太宽， 因此， 必须 使用大的侧边来减少波瓣宽度， 这样天线的尺寸还是会很大， 例如在美国专利 U S7679576B2。
[0012] 在专利 WO 2007/114620A1中， 描述了由一个连接部分和被连接的震荡振子臂 构成的折合振子组成的一个方形的偶极子。 在美国专利 US2009/0179814 A1中， 描述了一种双极化宽频段天线， 此天线的辐射装置包含有折合振子， 作为优先 技术， 图 1显示的就是其辐射体。
[0013] 发明内容
[0014] 为了解决上述问题， 本申请旨在提供一种高质量的小型化双极化基站天线， 这 种小型化双极化基站天线必须能提供高质量的方向图， 例如， 此小型化双极化 基站天线需具备大的交叉极化比和前后比等。 而现有已知的双极化天线都包含 一个宽尺寸的反射器， 人们利用这个宽尺寸的反射器来产生大的前后比， 因此 ， 这些天线都有较大的外形尺寸。 基于此， 本申请的第一个目的是尽可能的减 小双极化天线的物理尺寸， 即小型化天线； 第二个发明目的是使小型化后的双 极化天线依然拥有与传统大尺寸的双极化天线一样的前后比和交叉极化比等指 标。 第三个发明目的是为此小型化天线辐射装置发明一种优秀的宽带匹配馈电 网络。
[0015] 为实现上述目的， 本申请提供的小型化双极化天线基站包含辐射装置与支撑导 体单元， 支撑导体单元将辐射装置支撑固定在反射板之上， 其中， 两支撑导体 又构成两个相互垂直的巴伦， 并且通过位于辐射装置中心的两条同轴电缆来激 活辐射装置， 使之产生两个相互垂直的线性电磁场， 此线性电磁场拥有与辐射 装置几何对角线相平行的 E矢量。
[0016] 其次， 本申请所述辐射装置包含了 4个折合振子， 且通过 4组对称的带状线对 其匹配馈电。 在四组相互对称的带状线之间， 每两组相邻的带状线导体在辐射 装置的中间被相互连接在一起且形成了一个平坦的相互连接的自支撑结构。
[0017] 另外， 本申请天线的反射板比现有已知天线的反射板要小的多， 辐射装置就被 放置在此小尺寸的反射板上， 辐射装置包含有附加导体元件， 此导体元件位于 相邻折合振子的末端之间， 另一个导体元件位于辐射导体的几何中心之上， 这 些附加导体一方面以改善前后比和交叉极化比， 另一方面当辐射装置被放在一 个小尺寸反射板之上吋， 这些附加元件也来匹配同轴馈线网络。
[0018] 附图说明
[0019] 相应的附图被纳入组成了说明的一部分， 阐明本申请的具体实施方案， 并连同 以下给出的本申请的详细描述， 解释本申请的原理。
[0020] 图 1是一种双极化宽频天线， 源于先前的技术 （美国专利 US2009/0179814 A1
) ， 它展示了一个辐射装置， 此辐射装置包含的四个折合振子， 这四个折合振 子被四组对称的馈线馈电并将其在辐射装置的中心相互连接在一起。
[0021] 图 2是本申请小型化双极化基站天线的辐射单元实施例之一的结构立体图， 它 包含了一个辐射装置和附加的导体元件， 并置于反射板上。
[0022] 图 3是图 2所示小型化双极化基站天线中的辐射单元的底部结构立体图， 辐射单 元带有两个支撑导体与两条馈电同轴电缆， 它们被一块基座金属板相互连接到 一起。
[0023] 图示 4是图 2所示小型化双极化基站天线中的辐射单元不带顶部金属板的辐射装 置的俯视图。
[0024] 图示 5是本申请小型化双极化基站天线辐射单元的第二种实施方案的结构立体 图， 辐射装置与两个相互垂直的巴伦整体铸造或压铸在一个金属模具里， 构成 一个整体式的金属振子。
[0025] 图示 6是图 5实施方案的一种变形的结构立体图， 构成一个圆形的整体式的金属 振子。
[0026] 具体实施方式
[0027] 图 1是一种双极化宽频天线， 源于先前的技术 （美国专利 US2009/0179814 A1
) ， 它展示了一个辐射装置， 此辐射装置包含的四个折合振子， 这四个折合振 子被四组对称的馈线馈电， 且每两组对称的馈线的相邻的导体在辐射装置的中 心被连接在一起。 天线被置于辐射装置中心的两条同轴电缆激活， 并辐射两个 相互垂直的线性电磁场， 该电磁场拥有与辐射装置几何对角线相平行的 E矢量。
[0028] 图 2展示了本申请的第一种实施方案， 它包含一个用印刷电路板制造的辐射装 置与支撑于反射板 1之上的两个相互垂直的巴伦， 反射板 1的尺寸比现有已知天 线反射板要小， 四个折合振子 2a, 2b, 2c和 2d被四组对称的带状线 22a, 22b, 22c 和 22d馈电， 它们被置于介质基板 2的底部表面上， 如图 3所示。 支撑导体 3a和同 轴电缆的外导体 4a连接到金属基座片 5上， 这构成了第一个巴伦， 同理， 第二个 巴伦由支撑导体 3b和同轴电缆的外导体 4b连接到金属基座片 5上构成， 支撑导体 3a和 3b小于其中心工作频率的 0.15个波长。 支撑导体 3a， 3b的底部末端和外导体 4a, 4b被导体基座片 5连接在一起， 顶部导体板 6被绝缘支撑柱 7支撑在介质基板 2 之上， 绝缘介质薄膜 8隔离幵导体基座 5与反射板 1， 并且用塑料铆钉 9将导体基 座片 5固定在反射板 1上， 因此， 本实施实例不会因金属间的连接问题而产生被 动互调。 导体 10被焊接且位于介质板 2的拐角并指向反射板 1， 侧板 11位于介质 基板 2的边缘。
[0029] 图 3展示了介质板 2的下表面， 它包含四个折合振子 2a, 2b, 2c和 2d， 这四个折合 振子分别被四组对称的带状线 22a, 22b, 22c和 22d馈电， 四个相同导体 12位于介 质基板 2下表面的折合振子末端之间。 四个相同导体 10分别连接到四个导体 12上
[0030] 支撑导体 3a的顶部末端被连接到相邻的两组对称带状线 22c和 22d的连接部位处 ， 同理， 支撑导体 3b的顶部末端被连接到相邻的两组对称带状线 22a和 22d的连 接部位处； 同轴电缆外导体的顶部末端 4a的顶部末端被连接到相邻的两组对称带 状线 22a和 22b的连接部位处， 同理， 同轴电缆外导体的顶部末端 4b的顶部末端 被连接到相邻的两组对称带状线 22b和 22d的连接部位处。
[0031] 图 4展示的是没有顶部导体块 6的介质基板 2的顶视图， 同轴电缆 4a与 4b的内导 体 14a与 14b通过导体桥 15a与 15b分别连接到支撑导体 3a与 3b的顶部末端。
[0032] 导体 10分别与折合振子的末端和反射板 1进行电容耦合， 因此， 射频电流沿着 导体 10流动并沿着反射板产生一个定向辐射， 此辐射的电场 E矢量定向垂直于反 射板， 这个辐射改善了在 E面的波束宽度并且在一定程度上抑制了折合振子在后 方向上的辐射。 导体 12连接到导体 10， 改善了导体 10与折合振子末端间的电容 耦合。 从而， 导体 10与导体 12提高了天线的前后比， 并产生了一个辐射， 且其 E 矢量定向垂直于反射板， 此辐射提高了天线在 ±60°区域边缘的交叉极化比。 这 样做的结果就是当天线有一个小的反射器吋， 此小型化天线和传统已知的大反 射板天线有相同的前后比及 ±60°区域边缘的交叉极化比。
[0033] 导体桥 15a和 15b激活上导体片 6， 上导体片 6的外形尺寸要比折合振子小， 因此 ， 它辐射工作频段的高频段， 上导体片 6的辐射与折合振子的辐射是不同的， 因 为折合振子的辐射是 4组对称的带状线末端所激活的， 在工作频段的高频段两者 的辐射是不一样的， 这在一定程度上足够抑制来自折合振子的辐射， 所以来导 体片 6产生的辐射改善了天线在工作频段的高频段的波束宽度， 这样做的结果就 是当天线的振子与反射板间的高度小于工作中心频率 0.15个波长吋， 天线具有与 传统天线相同的指标， 传统天线的振子高度大约为 0.25个波长。
[0034] 上导体片 6与导体 10， 12—起产生的反射在一定程度上抑制了来自折合振子的 反射， 作为结果， 当天线的振子与反射板间的高度小于中心频率 0.15个波长吋， 天线通过馈电电缆将产生与传统天线相同的匹配带宽， 而传统天线振子与反射 板间的高度约是 0.25个波长。
[0035] 图 5展示的是本申请专利的第二种实施方案， 辐射装置包含折合振子 31a, 31b, 31c和 31d， 连接到折合振子的对称带状线 32a, 32b32c和 32d， 两个相互垂直的巴 伦， 它们通过压铸法铸造成一个整体。 第一个巴伦由支撑导体 33a， 同轴线外导 体， 及将它们连在一起的基座板 35构成。
[0036] 导体 30被绝缘介质垫片 36支撑在相邻折合振子末端间， 每个导体 30都被折弯成 直角， 导体 30的一部分固定在绝缘介质垫片 36里， 另外一部分指向反射板 37， 因此， 导体 30充当了图 4中的导体 10和 12。 图 5展示的本申请的第二个实施方案 与第一实施方案有相同的优点， 但是此方案适合大规模制造， 制造成本更低， 能承受更大的功率。
[0037] 图 6展示的是本申请专利的另一种金属实施方案， 辐射装置包含折合振子 45a, 45b, 45d， 它们呈圆形结构， 通过压铸法铸造成一个圆形金属整体。 绝缘 支撑柱 42将顶部导体 43支撑在辐射装置的上方， 导体 40被绝缘介质垫片 41支撑 在相邻折合振子末端间， 每个导体 40都被折弯成直角， 导体 40的一部分固定在 绝缘介质垫片 41里， 另外一部分指向反射板 44， 因此， 导体 40充当了图 4中的导 体 10和 12。 图 6展示的本申请的实施方案与图 5展示的实施方案有相同的优点。
[0038] 根据本申请的设计思想， 一种工作在 1710 - 2200MHz的 ±45°双极化天线样品被 设计出来， 振子与反射板的高度约为 20mm， 反射板的尺寸是 120*120mm， 经匹 配测试， 这个天线的水平面半功率波瓣宽度为 60-68°， 驻波比 VSWR优于 1.20; 进而， 包含五个这样的辐射单元的 ±45°极化的电调阵列天线被设计已出来， 这 个电调天线的截面尺寸仅为 120*45mm， 在 1710 - 2200MHz频段内这个电调阵列 天线的前后比化优于 28dB， 交叉极化比优于 27dB， 它在主方向上的交叉极化比 优于 25dB， 在 ±60°区域边缘的交叉极化比优于 10dB， 驻波比 VSWR优于 1.25。
[0039] 综上所述， 本申请提供了一种小型化的基站天线的设计， 此设计的小型化基站 天线与传统大尺寸天线具有相同的技术指标。 并且此技术可以运用到其他任何 频段的天线幵发中去， 来减少天线的物理尺寸， 例如， 用到 690-960MHz， 1710- 2710MHz等电调阵列天线中减少其物理尺寸。 因此， 以上仅是本申请的几个较 佳实施例之一， 并非对本申请的技术范围作任何限制， 本行业的技术人员， 在 本技术方案的启迪下， 可以做出一些变形与修改， 凡是依据本申请的技术实质 对以上的实施例所作的任何修改、 等同变化与修饰， 均仍属于本申请技术方案 的范围内。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种小型化双极化基站天线， 包括： 辐射装置和馈电单元， 馈电单元 包括两条同轴电缆及两支撑导体构成的两相互垂直的巴伦， 并将辐射 装置支撑于反射板之上；
所述辐射装置由四个折合振子及四组对称导体带状线构成， 四组对称 导体带状线位于辐射装置的中心分别与四个折合振子连接， 并对四个 折合振子匹配馈电；
所述辐射装置与反射板间的距离小于其工作频段内中心频率的 0.15个 波长；
所述四组对称导体带状线在辐射装置的中心位置首尾相互连接在一起 所述同轴电缆的外导体顶部末端与支撑导体的顶部末端分别在辐射装 置的中心连接到四组对称的导体带状线上， 连接位置位于相邻对称导 体带状线连接部位处， 即相互连接的拐角上；
所述同轴电缆的外导体的底部末端与支撑导体的底部末端连接在金属 基座板上；
所述同轴电缆的内导体通过放置在辐射装置之上的导体桥连接到支撑 导体， 导体桥连接方向是沿辐射装置的对角线方向连接同轴电缆的内 导体与支撑导体；
四个相邻折合振子末端之间设置有矩形导体， 共计四个矩形导体， 四 个矩形导体中每个矩形导体分别又独立连接一个导体， 该独立连接的 导体位于辐射体与反射板之间；
所述辐射装置的几何中心之上有一块顶部平面导体。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的小型化双极化基站天线， 其特征在于： 所述折 合振子是印刷电路板构件， 在相邻折合振子的末端之间设有导体。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的小型化双极化基站天线， 其特征在于： 所述辐 射装置及两个相互垂直的巴伦是一个体化成型的整体外观呈正方形或 圆形金属振子。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的小型化双极化基站天线， 其特征在于： 所述顶 部平面导体被绝缘支撑柱将其支撑在辐射装置的几何中心之上。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 1所述的小型化双极化基站天线， 其特征在于： 所述顶 部平面导体是一个正方形或圆形金属构件。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 1所述的小型化双极化基站天线， 其特征在于： 所述金 属基座板与反射板之间有绝缘介质薄片。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 1所述的小型化双极化基站天线， 其特征在于： 所述反 射板有侧边。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的小型化双极化基站天线， 其特征在于： 相邻 折合振子末端之间固定有导体条， 导体条被弯曲且被介质垫片支撑在 反射板与辐射装置之间。
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