WO2016074053A1 - Method for reusing solid waste from ordinary refuse rejected from conventional recycling processes and construction waste by mixing with a binding composite to make bricks or similar products - Google Patents

Method for reusing solid waste from ordinary refuse rejected from conventional recycling processes and construction waste by mixing with a binding composite to make bricks or similar products Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016074053A1
WO2016074053A1 PCT/BR2015/050199 BR2015050199W WO2016074053A1 WO 2016074053 A1 WO2016074053 A1 WO 2016074053A1 BR 2015050199 W BR2015050199 W BR 2015050199W WO 2016074053 A1 WO2016074053 A1 WO 2016074053A1
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Prior art keywords
waste
solid waste
mixing
common
bricks
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PCT/BR2015/050199
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French (fr)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Jair ANCIOTO
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Jair ANCIOTO
DE SÁ, Antonio Donizete
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Publication of WO2016074053A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016074053A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/58—Construction or demolition [C&D] waste

Definitions

  • the present utility model describes improvements in the process of mixing solid waste from not only ordinary, industrial or residential waste, but also from the rejection of the waste recycling process and the construction debris, by means of a binder component. which acts as a hard alloy and resistant enough to replace cement, eg for the manufacture of bricks and the like.
  • the process is carried out by grinding of cellular and rigid granular plastic material such as expanded polystyrene (EPS), e.g., whose volume is reduced by the addition of commonly used solvent, resulting in component of the first mixture, which is given by the addition of moistened soil preferably with the slurry, yielding the binder, in fact the principal component of the second mixture with the waste from either garbage, tailings or construction.
  • EPS expanded polystyrene
  • Said binder gives the mixture strength and hardness suitable for the manufacture of materials such as brick and tile, functioning as an alloy capable of replacing cement in this manufacturing process.
  • the second mix can also be performed using construction rubble, the ideal is the use of waste material and waste from the recycling process, as well as slurry in the function of humidifier of the land used.
  • the ideal is the use of waste material and waste from the recycling process, as well as slurry in the function of humidifier of the land used.
  • the first mixture in view of the positive impact from the environmental point of view, as these materials cease to be deposited in areas destined to land the unused waste.
  • the humidification of the mixing soil is by the addition of leachate for the same purposes and is sufficiently treated to eliminate the characteristic odor. .
  • EPS expanded polystyrene
  • EPS expanded polystyrene
  • the proportion of the binder mixture is between 1 / 0.5 to 1/8, i. is: lkg to 0.5 to 8kg of moist soil; proportion of the second mixture, i. It is: of the binder element with the material from the waste, it is also between 1 / 0.5 to 1/8, or between 1kg for every 0.5 to 8kg of that material.
  • Both the first and second mixtures are obtained by tapping process in conventional concrete mixer.
  • the product of the latter is pressed and molded into brick, tile or the like, and subjected to natural or artificial drying, such as in greenhouses, e.g., or in the sun.
  • US6,941,720 B2 filed 10/10/2001, titled: CONSTRUCTION COMPOSITION, refers to a material building compound comprising a lightweight core with fiber cement on one side of the core .
  • Fiber cement is used in at least one of the phases; It is green and preferably formed by a mud-dehydration process.
  • the material building compound is assembled in an uncured state and then cured.
  • the reuse of waste consists of mixing processes, i. It is: from the grinding of expanded polystyrene (EPS), for example, which is rigid and granular in shape, and the reduction of its volume by the addition of common or substitute solvent, a viscous element is produced to be mixed with moistened earth, beating or the like.
  • EPS expanded polystyrene
  • the humidification of the soil portion of the mixture can be obtained by the addition of water or slurry, the latter being the ideal humidifier, provided by the use of bactericides that free it from odors and natural contaminants.
  • the product of this first mixture forms the binder element of the second, i. It is: the alloy or the element bonding with the waste material which replaces the cement, eg whose product, after pressing, molding and drying, can be turned into bricks or substitute material.
  • EPS volume-reduced polystyrene
  • EPS extended polystyrene
  • subsequent steps in which solid waste from the common waste and tailings is added for further pressing, molding and drying to obtain the final product which can be formed into the manufacture of bricks, tiles, paving blocks and building or material of the same nature in which mechanical strength and hardness, higher than the levels found in products whose alloy is cement or substitute, are necessary or desirable characteristics.
  • leachate extremely harmful to the environment because it is derived from biological, chemical and physical processes, and decomposition of waste organic and can preferably be used in the process under review, as it only serves to moisten the soil in the premix, which results in significant environmental savings, since the product, properly treated from a bacteriological point of view, is free from odor that is characteristic of it.
  • the binder is mixed with the construction rubble, in which case a certain amount of the shredded material is deposited in layers on an interior rubble surface. of a commonly used beater / agitator, and so on until the optimum amount for wetting and addition of solvent is obtained, and for further mixing by beating, in proportions similar to that of the main alternative, namely: 1 part of the resulting material. reducing the volume of expanded polystyrene to approximately 0.5 to 8 parts of moistened earth; and 1 part of this mixture to approximately 0.5 to 8 parts of construction debris. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING EXAMPLES
  • Figure 1 shows the preferred way of accomplishing the process, i. It is: grinding of the extended polystyrene (1) and further volume reduction (2) by the addition of a common or substitute solvent for addition of moistened earth (3) and beating (4) and subsequent addition of the solid residue (5). ), the humidity of which may be increased by the addition of water, water and slurry or only slurry (6).
  • Figure 2 depicts the alternative method of carrying out the process, wherein grinding (1) of expanded polystyrene is succeeded by overlapping layering (4) in the common rubble / solid waste beating device. (5) such that a certain amount of crushed expanded polystyrene (1) is layered onto a rubble / solid waste surface (5) within the beating or replacer device (4), and so on until obtain an ideal amount to be moistened (6), added with solvent (2) and mixed by tapping (4).
  • Said binder acts as a kind of catalyst and advantageously replaces cement or substitute in the alloy of materials such as bricks and tiles, e.g.
  • cellular and rigid plastic material of preferably granular constitution such as expanded polystyrene
  • a viscous pre-mixture is obtained. it can be added with soil, water and / or slurry, providing the production of the binder element itself.
  • the process starts from grinding cellular and rigid plastic material which is mixed with rubble / solid waste in a layered overlay system so that a certain amount of the crushed material is superimposed on a certain amount. debris / solid waste by beating and simply adding water or water and slurry or just slurry, and so on until the binder element having the same characteristics as the first alternative is obtained for the manufacture of blocks, bricks, floors and materials of the same nature.

Abstract

Method for reusing solid waste from ordinary refuse rejected from conventional recycling processes and construction waste by mixing with a binding composite to make bricks or similar products, comprising a manufacturing concept in which the end product is bricks, tiles and other products of the same type and form, in which both solid waste (5) from ordinary industrial and non-industrial refuse and construction waste is reused, and primarily waste rejected from refuse recycling processes, the mechanical grinding (1) of expanded polystyrene (EPS) or equivalent cellular plastic material, the volume of which may be reduced (2) beforehand or afterwards using a common solvent, before the subsequent addition (3) of earth, water and/or slurry, in order to obtain a composite (1, 2, 3) that, when mixed with said waste (5), acts as a binding agent, effectively and advantageously replacing a cement binder or equivalent, for making bricks, tiles and blocks for paving and building.

Description

PROCESSO PARA O REAPROVEITAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS ORIUNDOS DO LIXO COMUM, DO REJEITO DO PROCESSO CONVENCIONAL DE RECICLAGEM E DE ENTULHOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL, PELA MISTURA COM COMPÓSITO AGLOMERANTE PARA A FABRICAÇÃO DE TIJOLOS E PRODUTOS CONGÉNERES.  PROCESS FOR THE REHABILITATION OF SOLID WASTE FROM THE COMMON WASTE, THE REJECTION OF THE CONVENTIONAL RECYCLING PROCESS AND CLEANING CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS, BY MIXTING WITH AGGLOMERANT COMPOSITION FOR CONGRESS PRODUCTS AND CONGRESS PRODUCTS.
[001] O presente modelo de utilidade descreve aperfeiçoamentos no processo de mistura de resíduos sólidos oriundos não mais apenas do lixo comum, industrial ou residencial, mas também do rejeito do processo de reciclagem do lixo e ainda do entulho da construção civil, mediante componente aglomerante que age como liga dura e resistente o suficiente para substituir o cimento, p.ex., tendo em vista a fabricação de tijolos e congéneres.  [001] The present utility model describes improvements in the process of mixing solid waste from not only ordinary, industrial or residential waste, but also from the rejection of the waste recycling process and the construction debris, by means of a binder component. which acts as a hard alloy and resistant enough to replace cement, eg for the manufacture of bricks and the like.
[002] Mecanicamente, o processo é realizado pela trituração de material plástico celular e rígido, de constituição granular, como é o poliestireno expandido (EPS), p.ex., cujo volume é reduzido pela adição de solvente de uso comum, resultando no componente da primeira mistura, que é dada pela adição de terra umedecida preferentemente com o chorume, obtendo-se o aglomerante, na verdade o componente principal da segunda mistura com o resíduo oriundo seja do lixo, do rejeito ou da construção civil.  Mechanically, the process is carried out by grinding of cellular and rigid granular plastic material such as expanded polystyrene (EPS), e.g., whose volume is reduced by the addition of commonly used solvent, resulting in component of the first mixture, which is given by the addition of moistened soil preferably with the slurry, yielding the binder, in fact the principal component of the second mixture with the waste from either garbage, tailings or construction.
[003] Referido aglomerante confere à mistura resistência e dureza adequadas à fabricação de materiais como o tijolo e a telha, funcionando como liga capaz de substituir o cimento nesse processo de fabricação. Said binder gives the mixture strength and hardness suitable for the manufacture of materials such as brick and tile, functioning as an alloy capable of replacing cement in this manufacturing process.
[004] Apesar de a segunda mistura poder ser realizada também utilizando-se o entulho da construção civil, o ideal é o emprego do material oriundo do lixo e do rejeito do processo de reciclagem, assim como do chorume na função de umidificador da terra usada na primeira mistura, tendo em vista o impacto positivo do ponto de vista ambiental, haja visto que ditos materiais deixam de ser depostos em áreas destinadas ao aterramento do rejeito inaproveitado.  [004] Although the second mix can also be performed using construction rubble, the ideal is the use of waste material and waste from the recycling process, as well as slurry in the function of humidifier of the land used. In the first mixture, in view of the positive impact from the environmental point of view, as these materials cease to be deposited in areas destined to land the unused waste.
[005] De igual, embora se possa usar água no processo, o ideal é que a umidificação da terra de mistura seja dada pela adição de chorume, tendo em vista os mesmos fins, bastando para tanto que seja tratado para a eliminação do odor característico.  Similarly, although water may be used in the process, it is ideal that the humidification of the mixing soil is by the addition of leachate for the same purposes and is sufficiently treated to eliminate the characteristic odor. .
[006] Assim é que o poliestireno expandido (EPS), p.ex., é triturado e reduzido em volume, e depois batido, já numa forma pastosa, em proporção entre 1/0,5 a 1/8 com uma mistura de terra em forma argilosa, umedecida preferentemente com chorume, resultando no elemento aglutinador ou liga. Thus expanded polystyrene (EPS), for example, is crushed and reduced in volume and then whipped in a pasty form to a ratio of 1 / 0.5 to 1/8 with a clay-shaped earth mixture preferably moistened with slurry, resulting in the binder element or alloy.
[007] A proporção da mistura aglutinante é entre 1/0,5 a 1/8, i. é: lkg para 0,5 a 8kg de terra umedecida; proporção da segunda mistura, i. é: do elemento aglutinante com o material oriundo do lixo, situa-se também entre 1/0,5 a 1/8, ou entre lkg para cada 0,5 a 8kg do desse material.  The proportion of the binder mixture is between 1 / 0.5 to 1/8, i. is: lkg to 0.5 to 8kg of moist soil; proportion of the second mixture, i. It is: of the binder element with the material from the waste, it is also between 1 / 0.5 to 1/8, or between 1kg for every 0.5 to 8kg of that material.
[008] Tanto a primeira mistura quanto a segunda são obtidas por processo batimento, em betoneira convencional. O produto da segunda é prensado e moldado para a conformação de tijolos, telhas ou produtos congéneres, e submetido à secagem natural ou artificial, como em estufas, p.ex., ou ao sol.  Both the first and second mixtures are obtained by tapping process in conventional concrete mixer. The product of the latter is pressed and molded into brick, tile or the like, and subjected to natural or artificial drying, such as in greenhouses, e.g., or in the sun.
ESTADO DA TÉCNICA TECHNICAL STATE
[009] Buscas efetuadas na técnica comum permitiram selecionar documentos envolvendo diversas concepções na órbita do presente objeto, as quais, todavia, não o alcançam e nem comportam meios e fins que possam ser compreendidos em idêntico conceito. Descartados, pois, aqueles inteiramente inafetos ao presente objeto, foi possível selecionar os que seguem relacionados:  [009] Searches carried out in the common technique allowed to select documents involving diverse conceptions in the orbit of the present object, which, however, do not reach it and do not include means and ends that can be understood in the same concept. Therefore, discarding those entirely unfit for the present object, it was possible to select the following:
[010] US4,153,514, com data de depósito em 17/5/1976, sob título: PROCESSO DE PIRÓLISE DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS, em que se privilegia a recuperação de valores químicos através de mistura em que se utiliza gás transportador em fluxo turbulento em zona de pirólise a uma temperatura variando entre 3005F e 20005F, com posterior segregação e recuperação de valores químicos volatizáveis. [010] US4,153,514, filed on 5/17/1976, under the heading: SOLID WASTE PYROLYSIS PROCESS, where recovery of chemical values is preferred by mixing in a turbulent flow carrier gas pyrolysis zone at a temperature ranging from 300 5 F to 2000 5 F, with subsequent segregation and recovery of volatile chemical values.
[011] US5,376,156, com data de depósito em 7/9/1993, sob título: MÉTODO DE APROVEITAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS PARTICULADOS DE LIGAÇÃO, TAIS COMO POEIRA, FIBRAS DE PAPEL, E RESÍDUOS DE METAIS OU SEMELHANTES, EM SÓLIDOS, que descreve um processo que consiste na mistura de resíduos com plástico mediante o emprego de sistema mecânico, i. é: extrusora com rosca, funil de alimentação e pressão na mistura de até 100 bar.  [011] US5,376,156, filed on 7/9/1993, entitled: METHOD OF USE OF PARTICULAR BOND WASTE, SUCH AS DUST, PAPER FIBER, AND METAL OR SIMILAR WASTE, IN SOLID, WHICH DESCRIBES a process consisting of mixing waste with plastic using a mechanical system, i. It is: screw extruder, feed hopper and mixing pressure up to 100 bar.
[012] US5,942,022, com data de depósito em 1/6/1995, sob título: UNIDADE DE COMPOSTAGEM PARA RESÍDUOS ORGÂNICOS E MÉTODO PARA TAL COMPOSTAGEM, revelando invenção relacionada com a separação de resíduos como lama, aparas de madeira, palha, estrume. Na verdade, trata-se de uma planta de fluxo que inclui compartimento selado com uma zona de entrada com dispositivo para a alimentação no lixo que é avançada a partir de uma planta de pré-processamento com comporta hermética, em que são utilizados agitadores por suspensão em um corredor para o avanço e a aeração dos resíduos. A planta prevê um sistema de troca de calor para a extração do calor por condensação com água, com temperatura mantida fixa entre 55- 625C e com tempo de permanência de 5 a 25 dias. [012] US5,942,022, filed on 6/1/1995, titled: COMPOSITE UNIT FOR ORGANIC WASTE AND METHOD FOR SUCH COMPOUND, disclosing invention related to the separation of waste such as mud, wood chips wood, straw, manure. In fact, it is a flow plant that includes a sealed compartment with an inlet with waste disposal device that is advanced from a hermetic floodgate preprocessing plant, where suspension stirrers are used in a corridor for the advance and aeration of waste. The plant provides a heat exchange system for the extraction of heat by condensation with water, with a fixed temperature of 55-62 5 C and a residence time of 5 to 25 days.
[013] US6,476,084 B2, com data de depósito em 22/1/2001, sob título: PROCESSO DE RECICLAGEM DE RESÍDUOS HETEROGÉNEOS, em que é descrita a reciclagem heterogénea de resíduos incluindo o passo inicial de submeter o produto heterogéneo de resíduos de pirólise para produzir um fluxo de gás de síntese que compreende pelo menos monóxido de carbono e hidrogénio, e um fluxo de produto fundido de pirólise, compreendendo pelo menos um material mineral e um material metálico.  [013] US6,476,084 B2, dated 1/22/2001, entitled: HYPEROGENIC WASTE RECYCLING PROCESS, wherein heterogeneous waste recycling is described including the initial step of subjecting the heterogeneous waste product to pyrolysis to produce a synthesis gas stream comprising at least carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and a pyrolysis melt stream comprising at least one mineral material and one metallic material.
[014] US6,941,720 B2, com data de depósito em 9/10/2001, sob título: COMPOSIÇÃO PARA MATERIAL DE CONSTRUÇÃO, refere-se a um composto de construção de material compreendendo um núcleo leve, com fibrocimento em um lado do núcleo. O fibrocimento é usado em pelo menos uma das fases; é verde e preferentemente formado por um processo de desidratação-lama. O composto de construção de material é montado em um estado não curado e então curado. [014] US6,941,720 B2, filed 10/10/2001, titled: CONSTRUCTION COMPOSITION, refers to a material building compound comprising a lightweight core with fiber cement on one side of the core . Fiber cement is used in at least one of the phases; It is green and preferably formed by a mud-dehydration process. The material building compound is assembled in an uncured state and then cured.
[015] US7,147,707 B2, com data de depósito em 22/12/2005, sob título: COMPOSTO PARA MATERIAL DE CONSTRUÇÃO E MÉTODO DE FABRICAÇÃO, relata composto que contem terra diatomácea, madeira, resíduos e endurecedor orgânico, ou ainda contem terra de campo e, se necessário, papel utilizado e/ou pedaços esmagados de tatame e telhas, e da terra esmagada. O composto é preparado de forma homogénea em mistura dos componentes, e depois por moldagem e cura do compósito.  [015] US7,147,707 B2, filed on 12/22/2005, under the heading: CONSTRUCTION COMPOUND AND MANUFACTURING REPORT, reports compost containing diatomaceous earth, wood, waste and organic hardener, or still containing earth field and, if necessary, used paper and / or crushed pieces of mat and shingles, and the crushed earth. The compound is prepared homogeneously by mixing the components, and then by molding and curing the composite.
[016] US7,449,517 BI, com data de depósito em 21/1/2004, sob título: MATERIAL DE CONSTRUÇÃO COMPOSTO, na verdade um composto extrudado de material constituído por resina termoplástica de material, uma mistura de aditivos materiais e uma celulose de material, em que a resina termoplástica, a mistura de aditivos e de celulose são misturados em um compósito de material no qual o composto de material compreende entre 50% e 90% de celulose de material em peso, e em que a mistura composta de material é extrudado para formar o composto extrudado de construção de material. [016] US7,449,517 BI, filed January 21, 2004 under the heading: COMPOUND BUILDING MATERIAL, actually an extruded composite material consisting of thermoplastic resin material, a mixture of material additives and a material, wherein the thermoplastic resin, the mixture of additives and cellulose are mixed into a material composite in which the material composite comprises between 50% and 90% of cellulose by weight material, and wherein the composite material mixture is extruded to form the extruded material building compound.
[017] US2010/0282672 Al, com data de depósito em 12/3/2008, sob título: PROCESSO PARA TRATAMENTO EXOTÉRMICO E VALORIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS, SEMISSÓLIDOS, PASTOSOS E/OU ÚMIDOS, refere-se a um processo para o tratamento exotérmico e recuperação de massas compreendendo resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU), incluindo resíduos úmidos e de origem vegetal; lodo gerado pela água industrial e não industrial (de tratamento); sólido, semissólido, pastoso sólido, resíduo e/ou resíduos de lodo proveniente de operações industriais, agrícolas e do processamento de alimentos, solos e materiais inertes contaminados por matrizes orgânicas pastosas, resíduos e/ou de lamas de hidrocarbonetos compostos, incluindo asfalto e compostos químicos e orgânicos. Em particular, prevê a utilização de processo de reação exotérmica produzido pela mistura da massa a ser tratada com uma mistura de óxidos de cálcio (CaO) e/ou hidróxidos de cálcio Ca(OH)2, na presença de um catalisador inerte umedecido com água, na ausência de oxigénio. [017] US2010 / 0282672 Al, filed on 12/3/2008 under the heading: PROCESS FOR EXothermic TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF SOLID, SEMI-SOLID, PASTE AND / OR WASTE WASTE refers to a process for exothermic treatment and mass recovery comprising municipal solid waste (MSW), including wet and vegetable waste; sludge generated by industrial and non-industrial (treatment) water; solid, semi-solid, pasty solid, sludge and / or sludge from industrial, agricultural and food processing operations, soils and inert materials contaminated by slurry organic matrices, residues and / or hydrocarbon sludge, including asphalt and compost chemical and organic. In particular, it provides for the use of an exothermic reaction process produced by mixing the mass to be treated with a mixture of calcium oxides (CaO) and / or calcium hydroxides Ca (OH) 2 in the presence of an inert water dampened catalyst. in the absence of oxygen.
[018] Suposto isso, tem-se que o objeto do presente relatório consiste em um novo conceito, na medida em que contempla processo cujas etapas, ingredientes, mecanicidade e fins são diferentes do que é ensinado na técnica comum, além de aproveitar não apenas o lixo e o entulho, mas também o rejeito do processo de reciclagem, i. é: aquilo que de modo algum seria aproveitado nos processos encontrados no estado da técnica.  Assuming this, the purpose of this report is to have a new concept, as it contemplates a process whose steps, ingredients, mechanicity and purposes are different from what is taught in the common technique, besides taking advantage not only of garbage and rubbish, but also the waste of the recycling process, i. It is that which would in no way be used in the processes found in the state of the art.
[019] Isto porque o documento US4,153,514 diz respeito a uma reação de análise ou decomposição que ocorre pela ação de altas temperaturas, cujo conceito é a ruptura da estrutura molecular original do composto pela ação do calor em um ambiente com pouco ou nenhum oxigénio, ao passo que os demais documentos elencados relatam conceitos diferentes, como, p.ex., a mistura de resíduos com plástico mediante o emprego de sistema mecânico, i. é: extrusora com rosca, funil de alimentação e pressão na mistura de até 100 bar, no caso do documento US5,376,156, em que não é versado componente aglutinador ou liga; a planta de fluxo que inclui compartimento selado com uma zona de entrada com dispositivo para a alimentação no lixo, no caso do doe. US5,942,022; ou o composto de construção de material compreendendo um núcleo leve, com fibrocimento em um lado do núcleo, como prevê o doe. US6,941,720 B2; e o processo para o tratamento exotérmico e recuperação de massas mediante reação exotérmica produzida pela mistura da massa a ser tratada com uma mistura de óxidos de cálcio (CaO) e/ou hidróxidos de cálcio Ca(OH)2, na presença de um catalisador inerte umedecido com água, na ausência de oxigénio, no caso do doe. US2010/0282672 Al. [019] This is because US4,153,514 concerns a high temperature action analysis or decomposition reaction, the concept of which is the disruption of the original molecular structure of the compound by the action of heat in an environment with little or no oxygen. , while the other listed documents report different concepts, such as the mixing of waste with plastic using a mechanical system, i. It is: screw extruder, feed hopper and mixing pressure up to 100 bar in the case of US5,376,156, where no binder or alloy component is concerned; the flow plan which includes a sealed compartment with an inlet with waste disposal device in the case of donor. US5,942,022; or the A composite material construction comprising a lightweight core with fiber cement on one side of the core as provided for in Doc. US6,941,720 B2; and the process for exothermic treatment and mass recovery by exothermic reaction produced by mixing the mass to be treated with a mixture of calcium oxides (CaO) and / or calcium hydroxides Ca (OH) 2 in the presence of an inert catalyst. moistened with water in the absence of oxygen in case of donor. US2010 / 0282672 Al.
[020] Apenas os documentos US7,147,707 B2 e US7,449,517 BI referem-se a conceitos que se pode dizer algo próximos, embora o sejam muito mais entre si do que em relação ao presente objeto, visto que relatam, respectivamente, um composto que contem terra diatomácea, na verdade um sedimento amorfo originado de frústulas ou carapaças de organismos unicelulares vegetais, de natureza silicosa, além de madeira, resíduos e endurecedor orgânico, ou ainda terra de campo e, se necessário, papel utilizado e/ou pedaços esmagados de tatame e telhas, e da terra esmagada; um composto extrudado de material constituído por resina termoplástica de material, uma mistura de aditivos materiais e uma celulose.  [020] Only US7,147,707 B2 and US7,449,517 BI refer to concepts that can be said to be close, although they are much closer to each other than to the present object, as they report, respectively, a compound containing diatomaceous earth, in fact an amorphous sediment originating from frustules or carapaces of single-celled vegetable organisms of a silicos nature, in addition to wood, waste and organic hardener, or field soil and, if necessary, used paper and / or crushed pieces of mat and shingles, and of the crushed earth; an extruded material composite consisting of thermoplastic resin material, a mixture of material additives and a cellulose.
[021] Ainda, e mais, depreende-se, no caso do documento US7,147,707 B2, que é ensinado um composto preparado de forma homogénea em mistura dos componentes e depois por moldagem e cura do compósito, e que, no caso do documento US7,449,517 BI, o objeto consiste no emprego de polímero de cadeia longa composto de um só monômero (glicose), classificado como polissacarídeo ou carboidrato que compreende entre 50% e 90% de material em peso.  Further, it is apparent from US7,147,707 B2 that a compound is homogeneously prepared by mixing the components and then by molding and curing the composite, and that in the case of the document US 7,449,517 B1, the object is the use of a long chain polymer composed of a single monomer (glucose), classified as a polysaccharide or carbohydrate comprising from 50% to 90% by weight material.
[022] Assim é que o reaproveitamento de resíduos consiste em processos mistura, i. é: a partir da trituração de poliestireno expandido (EPS), p.ex., que é rígido e de constituição granular, e da redução de seu volume pela adição de solvente de uso comum ou sucedâneo, é produzido elemento viscoso a ser misturado com terra umedecida, em processo de batimento ou similar. A umidificação da porção de terra da mistura pode ser obtida pela adição de água ou de chorume, este último o umidificador ideal, desde que mediante o emprego de bactericidas que o isentem dos odores e contaminantes naturais. [023] O produto dessa primeira mistura constitui o elemento aglutinador da segunda, i. é: da liga ou do elemento aglutinando com o material oriundo do lixo, a qual substitui o cimento, p.ex., cujo produto, depois de prensado, moldado e seco, pode ser transformado em tijolos ou material sucedâneo. [022] Thus, the reuse of waste consists of mixing processes, i. It is: from the grinding of expanded polystyrene (EPS), for example, which is rigid and granular in shape, and the reduction of its volume by the addition of common or substitute solvent, a viscous element is produced to be mixed with moistened earth, beating or the like. The humidification of the soil portion of the mixture can be obtained by the addition of water or slurry, the latter being the ideal humidifier, provided by the use of bactericides that free it from odors and natural contaminants. [023] The product of this first mixture forms the binder element of the second, i. It is: the alloy or the element bonding with the waste material which replaces the cement, eg whose product, after pressing, molding and drying, can be turned into bricks or substitute material.
[024] Tais condições de mistura e solvência permitem que o poliestireno (EPS), reduzido em volume, possa ser utilizado inclusive em situações em que a coleta de lixo seja em local diferente do local de processamento, uma vez facilitado o transporte desse material.  [024] Such mixing and solvency conditions allow volume-reduced polystyrene (EPS) to be used even in situations where garbage collection is at a location other than the processing site, once transport of this material is facilitated.
SUMÁRIO DO OBJETO DA PATENTE  PATENT OBJECT SUMMARY
[025] As concepções verificadas no estado da técnica, acima e retro referidas, dizem respeito a conceitos específicos que não o que se propõe no presente relato.  [025] The above-mentioned prior art and prior art conceptions refer to specific concepts other than what is proposed in this report.
[026] Trata-se, pois, no caso concreto, de uma concepção nova em que um composto aglutinador é obtido pela trituração e redução do volume de poliestireno expandido, ou material plástico celular, granulado e rígido; e da mistura desse composto com terra umedecida preferentemente com chorume, do que resulta o elemento aglutinador, na verdade a liga do processo de mistura subsequente, em que acrescem-se resíduos oriundos do lixo comum, industrial ou não, rejeitos do processo de reciclagem e, ainda, entulhos provenientes da construção civil. [026] This is therefore a new concept in which a binder compound is obtained by grinding and reducing the volume of expanded polystyrene, or rigid, granular cellular plastic material; and the mixing of this compound with moistened soil preferably with slurry, which results in the binder element, in fact the alloy of the subsequent mixing process, in which residues from the common waste, industrial or not, waste from the recycling process are added and Also, rubble from construction.
[027] Numa alternativa preferencial, trata-se da mistura do compósito resultante da mistura de poliestireno estendido (EPS) previamente triturado e reduzido em volume pela ação de solventes de uso comum, com terra umedecida preferentemente com chorume, cujo produto é o componente principal das etapas subsequentes, em que adicionam-se resíduos sólidos oriundos do lixo comum e do rejeito, para posterior prensagem, moldagem e secagem, obtendo-se o produto final, que pode ser conformado para a fabricação de tijolos, telhas, blocos para pavimentação e edificação, ou material de mesma natureza em que a resistência mecânica e a dureza, superiores aos níveis verificados em produtos cuja liga seja o cimento ou sucedâneo, sejam características necessárias ou desejáveis.  [027] As a preferred alternative, it is the mixing of the composite resulting from the pre-comminuted and volume-reduced extended polystyrene (EPS) blend by the action of commonly used solvents with slurry moistened earth, the product of which is the principal component. subsequent steps, in which solid waste from the common waste and tailings is added for further pressing, molding and drying to obtain the final product which can be formed into the manufacture of bricks, tiles, paving blocks and building or material of the same nature in which mechanical strength and hardness, higher than the levels found in products whose alloy is cement or substitute, are necessary or desirable characteristics.
[028] Vale dizer que o chorume, extremamente nocivo ao meio ambiente por ser derivado de processos biológicos, químicos e físicos, e da decomposição de resíduos orgânicos, pode e preferencialmente é aproveitado no processo em comento, uma vez que serve tão somente para umedecer a terra na mistura prévia, o que resulta em sensível economia ambiental, já que o produto, devidamente tratado do ponto de vista bacteriológico, é isento do odor que lhe é característico. [028] It is worth mentioning that leachate, extremely harmful to the environment because it is derived from biological, chemical and physical processes, and decomposition of waste organic and can preferably be used in the process under review, as it only serves to moisten the soil in the premix, which results in significant environmental savings, since the product, properly treated from a bacteriological point of view, is free from odor that is characteristic of it.
[029] Uma vez realizada a mistura prévia e obtido o componente aglomerante, o processo prevê a mistura com o material proveniente do lixo comum e do rejeito, da qual, depois do processo de secagem, obtém-se produto final, extremamente duro e adequado para resistir a demandas de esforço superiores às quais podem ser submetidos tijolos e telhas cuja liga seja o cimento.  Once premixed and the binder component is obtained, the process foresees mixing with the waste material and the tailings, from which, after the drying process, an extremely hard and suitable final product is obtained. to withstand the higher stress demands to which bricks and tiles whose alloy is cement may be subjected.
[030] Numa alternativa preferencial, ao invés do material proveniente do lixo comum e do rejeito, o aglutinador é misturado ao entulho da construção civil, caso em que, uma determinada quantidade do material triturado é depositada em camadas sobre uma superfície de entulho no interior de um batedor/agitador de uso comum, e assim sucessivamente até que se obtenha a quantidade ideal para umidificação e adição de solvente, e para nova mistura por batimento, em proporções semelhantes às da principal alternativa, quais sejam: 1 parte do material resultante da redução do volume do poliestireno expandido para aproximadamente 0,5 a 8 partes de terra umedecida; e 1 parte dessa mistura para aproximadamente 0,5 a 8 partes do entulho da construção civil. DESCRIÇÃO DOS EXEMPLARES DESENHATIVOS  [030] In a preferred alternative, instead of waste and tailings material, the binder is mixed with the construction rubble, in which case a certain amount of the shredded material is deposited in layers on an interior rubble surface. of a commonly used beater / agitator, and so on until the optimum amount for wetting and addition of solvent is obtained, and for further mixing by beating, in proportions similar to that of the main alternative, namely: 1 part of the resulting material. reducing the volume of expanded polystyrene to approximately 0.5 to 8 parts of moistened earth; and 1 part of this mixture to approximately 0.5 to 8 parts of construction debris. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING EXAMPLES
[031] A caracterização da presente invenção é dada por meio de desenhos representativos a partir da solução proposta, de tal forma que as etapas do processo possam ser inferidas.  [031] The characterization of the present invention is given by means of representative drawings from the proposed solution, so that the process steps can be inferred.
[032] As figuras, em diagramas de bloco, expressam a forma preferencial de se realizar o invento, e fundamentam a presente descrição por meio de remissões numéricas e consecutivas onde são aclarados aspectos inerentes a cada etapa do processo comum um todo, subentendidas pela representação adotada, determinando precisamente a tutela pleiteada. Tais figuras são meramente ilustrativas e podem apresentar variações, desde que não fujam do inicialmente pleiteado.  The figures, in block diagrams, express the preferred embodiment of the invention, and substantiate the present description by means of numerical and consecutive references where aspects inherent to each step of the common process are clarified, implied by the representation. adopted, precisely determining the claimed protection. Such figures are merely illustrative and may vary as long as they do not depart from the original claim.
[033] Dessa forma, tem-se que: [034] A Figura 1 mostra a forma preferencial de consecução do processo, i. é: trituração do poliestireno estendido (1) e posterior redução de volume (2) mediante a adição de solvente de uso comum ou sucedâneo, para adição de terra (3) umedecida e batimento (4), e posterior acréscimo do resíduo sólido (5), cuja umidade pode elevada pela adição de água, água e chorume ou apenas chorume (6). [033] Thus, one has to: [034] Figure 1 shows the preferred way of accomplishing the process, i. It is: grinding of the extended polystyrene (1) and further volume reduction (2) by the addition of a common or substitute solvent for addition of moistened earth (3) and beating (4) and subsequent addition of the solid residue (5). ), the humidity of which may be increased by the addition of water, water and slurry or only slurry (6).
[035] A Figura 2 descreve a forma alternativa de consecução do processo, em que a trituração (1) do poliestireno expandido é sucedida pela mistura (4) em sistema de camadas por sobreposição no dispositivo de batimento de uso comum do entulho/resíduo sólido (5), de modo que uma determinada quantidade de poliestireno expandido triturado (1) seja depositada em camadas sobre uma superfície de entulho/resíduo sólido (5) no interior do dispositivo de batimento ou sucedâneo (4), e assim sucessivamente até que se obtenha uma quantidade ideal para que seja umedecida (6), acrescida do solvente (2) e misturada por batimento (4).  [035] Figure 2 depicts the alternative method of carrying out the process, wherein grinding (1) of expanded polystyrene is succeeded by overlapping layering (4) in the common rubble / solid waste beating device. (5) such that a certain amount of crushed expanded polystyrene (1) is layered onto a rubble / solid waste surface (5) within the beating or replacer device (4), and so on until obtain an ideal amount to be moistened (6), added with solvent (2) and mixed by tapping (4).
DESCRIÇÃO DETALHADA DO OBJETO DA PATENTE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PATENT OBJECT
[036] O processo para o reaproveitamento de resíduos, onde resíduos sólidos oriundos do rejeito e do lixo comum são misturados e reutilizados, a partir da produção de componente aglomerante para a fabricação de tijolos e produtos congéneres, ensina conceito operativo cujo pressuposto é a produção de componente aglutinador, obtido pela adição de solvente ou sucedâneo a determinada porção de poliestireno expandido, ou material plástico celular e rígido, cuja reação resulta na redução do volume do produto, que é tornado num componente viscoso ao qual é adicionada terra umedecida com água ou chorume.  [036] The process for the reuse of waste, where solid waste from waste and common waste is mixed and reused, from the production of a binder component for the manufacture of bricks and similar products, teaches operating concept whose assumption is the production. of a binder component obtained by the addition of solvent or substitute to a particular portion of expanded polystyrene or rigid cellular plastic material which reaction results in a reduction in the volume of the product which is made into a viscous component to which water moistened earth or leachate.
[037] Referido aglutinante funciona como uma espécie de catalisador e substitui com vantagens o cimento ou sucedâneo na liga de materiais como tijolos e telhas, p.ex.  [037] Said binder acts as a kind of catalyst and advantageously replaces cement or substitute in the alloy of materials such as bricks and tiles, e.g.
[038] Assim, a partir da trituração de material plástico celular e rígido, de constituição preferentemente granular, como é o poliestireno expandido, cujo volume é reduzido pela aplicação de solvente de uso comum ou sucedâneo, obtém-se uma mistura prévia, viscosa ao ponto de poder ser acrescida de terra, água e/ou chorume, proporcionando a produção do elemento aglutinador propriamente dito. [039] Numa forma alternativa, o processo parte da trituração de material plástico celular e rígido, o qual é misturado com entulho/resíduo sólido em sistema de sobreposição em camadas, de modo que uma determinada quantidade do material triturado seja sobreposto a uma determinada quantidade de entulho/resíduo sólido, por batimento e pela adição simplesmente de água ou de água e chorume ou apenas chorume, e assim sucessivamente até que se obtenha o elemento aglutinador com características idênticas ao da primeira alternativa, para a fabricação de blocos, tijolos, pisos e materiais de mesma natureza. Thus, from the crushing of cellular and rigid plastic material of preferably granular constitution, such as expanded polystyrene, whose volume is reduced by the application of solvent for common use or substitute, a viscous pre-mixture is obtained. it can be added with soil, water and / or slurry, providing the production of the binder element itself. [039] In an alternative form, the process starts from grinding cellular and rigid plastic material which is mixed with rubble / solid waste in a layered overlay system so that a certain amount of the crushed material is superimposed on a certain amount. debris / solid waste by beating and simply adding water or water and slurry or just slurry, and so on until the binder element having the same characteristics as the first alternative is obtained for the manufacture of blocks, bricks, floors and materials of the same nature.
[040] O processo de reaproveitamento de resíduos em comento pressupõe etapas consubstanciadas, então, na trituração de poliestireno expandido ou sucedâneo, cujo volume pode ser reduzido antes ou depois, mediante o emprego de solvente.  [040] The process of reusing waste in comment presupposes steps, then, in the grinding of expanded polystyrene or substitute, whose volume can be reduced before or after, using a solvent.
[041] Isso para que o material plástico celular e rígido, uma vez triturado, reduzido e volume e adicionado com terra umedecida, seja misturado ao lixo, ao rejeito de lixo ou diretamente ao entulho da construção civil, funcionando como liga substitutiva do cimento ou sucedâneos, de modo que desse material resultem telhas, tijolos, blocos para pavimentação e edificação tão ou mais duros e resistentes que os convencionais. [041] This is so that the rigid cellular plastic material, once crushed, reduced and volume and added with moist soil, is mixed with the waste, the refuse or directly to the construction rubble, acting as a cement substitute alloy or substitutes, so that this material results in tiles, bricks, paving and building blocks as hard or resistant as conventional ones.

Claims

REIVINDICAÇÕES
1 - PROCESSO PARA O REAPROVEITAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS ORIUNDOS DO LIXO COMUM, DO REJ EITO DO PROCESSO CONVENCIONAL DE RECICLAGEM E DE ENTULHOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL, PELA MISTURA COM COMPÓSITO AGLOMERANTE PARA A FABRICAÇÃO DE TIJOS E PRODUTOS CONGÉNERES, compreendendo mistura em dispositivos de batimento de uso comum, e solvência de poliestireno (EPS) ou sucedâneo para que, reduzido em volume, seja utilizado para a produção de compósito aglomerante, caracterizado pelo fato de o compósito aglomerante (1, 2, 3) agir como liga para processo de mistura (4) com resíduos sólidos (5) provenientes do lixo comum, do rejeito do processo de reciclagem do lixo e da construção civil.  1 - PROCESS FOR THE REHABILITATION OF SOLID WASTE FROM THE COMMON WASTE, THE REJECT OF THE CONVENTIONAL PROCESS FOR RECYCLING AND CIVIL CONSTRUCTION BUILDINGS, FOR THE MIXTING WITH CONGRESS COMPOSITION, common use and solvency of polystyrene (EPS) or substitute so that, reduced in volume, it is used for the production of binder composite, characterized in that the binder composite (1, 2, 3) acts as an alloy for mixing process ( 4) with solid waste (5) from common refuse, waste recycling process and construction.
2 - PROCESSO PARA O REAPROVEITAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS ORIUNDOS DO LIXO COMUM, DO REJ EITO DO PROCESSO CONVENCIONAL DE RECICLAGEM E DE ENTULHOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL, PELA MISTURA COM COMPÓSITO AGLOMERANTE PARA A FABRICAÇÃO DE TIJOS E PRODUTOS CONGÉNERES, de acordo com a reivindicação n° 1, caracterizado pelo fato de o compósito aglomerante suprimir e substituir o emprego de outros componentes de liga, como o cimento.  2 - PROCESS FOR THE REHABILITATION OF SOLID WASTE FROM THE COMMON WASTE, THE REJECT OF THE CONVENTIONAL PROCESS FOR RECYCLING AND CIVIL CONSTRUCTION BUILDINGS, FOR THE MIXTURE WITH AGGLOMERANT COMPOSITION WITH THE CONGREGATION OF NECESSARY PRODUCTS 1, characterized in that the binder composite suppresses and replaces the use of other alloying components, such as cement.
3 - PROCESSO PARA O REAPROVEITAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS ORIUNDOS DO LIXO COMUM, DO REJ EITO DO PROCESSO CONVENCIONAL DE RECICLAGEM E DE ENTULHOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL, PELA MISTURA COM COMPÓSITO AGLOMERANTE PARA A FABRICAÇÃO DE TIJOS E PRODUTOS CONGÉNERES, de acordo com a reivindicação n° 1, caracterizado pelo fato de o compósito aglomerante resultar da trituração (1) e redução do volume (2) de material plástico, de constituição granular e rígido, mediante aplicação de solventes de uso comum, e da adição de terra umedecida (3).  3 - PROCESS FOR THE REHABILITATION OF SOLID WASTE FROM THE COMMON WASTE, THE REJECT OF THE CONVENTIONAL PROCESS FOR RECYCLING AND CIVIL CONSTRUCTION BUILDINGS, FOR THE MIXTURE WITH AGGLOMERANT COMPOSITION WITH THE CONGREGATION OF CONGREGATIONS IN CONGRESS 1, characterized in that the binder composite results from crushing (1) and reduction of the volume (2) of rigid and granular plastic material by the application of commonly used solvents and the addition of moistened earth (3).
4 - PROCESSO PARA O REAPROVEITAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS ORIUNDOS DO LIXO COMUM, DO REJ EITO DO PROCESSO CONVENCIONAL DE RECICLAGEM E DE ENTULHOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL, PELA MISTURA COM COMPÓSITO AGLOMERANTE PARA A FABRICAÇÃO DE TIJOS E PRODUTOS CONGÉNERES, de acordo com a reivindicação n° 1, caracterizado pelo fato de a trituração (1) do plástico poder ser sucedida por mistura (4) em sistema de deposição sucessiva em camadas do entulho/resíduo sólido (5), umedecida (6) e acrescida do solvente (2) durante o batimento (4).  4 - PROCESS FOR THE REHABILITATION OF SOLID WASTE FROM THE COMMON WASTE, THE REJECT OF THE CONVENTIONAL PROCESS FOR RECYCLING AND CIVIL CONSTRUCTION BUILDINGS, FOR THE MIXTURE WITH AGGLOMERANT COMPOSITION WITH THE CONGREGATION OF NECESSARY PRODUCTS 1, characterized in that the crushing (1) of the plastic can be succeeded by mixing (4) in a successive layered deposition system of the rubble / solid waste (5), moistened (6) and the solvent (2) during beat (4).
PCT/BR2015/050199 2014-11-10 2015-11-04 Method for reusing solid waste from ordinary refuse rejected from conventional recycling processes and construction waste by mixing with a binding composite to make bricks or similar products WO2016074053A1 (en)

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WO2013138890A1 (en) * 2012-03-21 2013-09-26 Ancioto Jair Method of re-using solid waste from garbage recycling and civil engineering
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DE19506065A1 (en) * 1995-02-22 1996-08-29 Marion Schiller Insulation brick for inner and outer walls
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WO2013138890A1 (en) * 2012-03-21 2013-09-26 Ancioto Jair Method of re-using solid waste from garbage recycling and civil engineering
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WO2020222221A1 (en) 2019-04-29 2020-11-05 Vielfreund Sissel Alexander Symon Composite board from plastic waste

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