WO2016066848A1

WO2016066848A1 - Driving module for a motor vehicle, and motor vehicle comprising a driving module of said type

Info

Publication number: WO2016066848A1
Application number: PCT/EP2015/075359
Authority: WO
Inventors: Johann SCHWÖLLER
Original assignee: Schwöller Johann
Priority date: 2014-10-31
Filing date: 2015-10-30
Publication date: 2016-05-06
Also published as: DE102014115926A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a driving module for a motor vehicle. Said driving module comprises two driving devices with a total of at least three impellers that have rotor blades; at least two of the impellers are coupled to a swiveling mechanism in such a way that in a starting position, at least two of the impellers can be positioned so as to at least partly overlap, and in an operating position, one of said impellers can be positioned substantially next to the other one; the swiveling mechanisms have two different swiveling axes.

Description

Drive module for a motor vehicle and motor vehicle with

such a drive module

The present invention relates to a drive module for a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle with such a drive module.

From DE 1 020 855 A1, a vehicle capable of traveling and flying should emerge. This vehicle comprises a first imple- ter arranged in the region of front wheels and a second impeller arranged in the region of rear wheels. In this way, an airworthy vehicle, which is suitable for vertical launch, should be provided.

In DE 4 203 286 A1 a flying car is described. In this flying car it is provided that at least one lane ring-like support surface is rotatably mounted on the vehicle. Due to the recoil of compressed air generated by the wing this vehicle should be able to fly.

US Pat. No. 6,745,977 B1 discloses a flying car which has a front and a rear rotor for generating lift and two vertically arranged rotors for generating propulsion.

A similar flying car is also disclosed in DE 20 2012 009 714 U1. DE 10 214 535 A1 describes a drive system for a flying car. According to this drive system is provided to generate the necessary thrust for propulsion by means of a propeller, which is a multi-blade shroud propeller. As a motor, a Schraubenentspannungsmotor is provided in combination with a screw compressor and a combustion chamber.

DE 10 2011 111 740 A1 discloses a roadworthy aircraft. This roadworthy aircraft comprises a fuselage and at least first and second wings that are each movable relative to the fuselage between a storage position and an extended position. Furthermore, swivel nozzles are provided to provide air currents to flow against the wings.

DE 2 845 260 also describes a ground aircraft. The above-mentioned vehicles usually have a rotor or impeller. The provision of multiple rotors or impeller allows compared to a wing assembly or a rotor, as is known from helicopters, a relatively compact design. DE 10 2012 010 937 A1 describes an aircraft. This aircraft is preferably an unmanned drone for aerial observation applications. The aircraft comprises at least one drive rotor, which has at least temporarily a horizontal thrust direction and at least one drive rotor which is attached to a pivot arm and by means of the pivot arm from a first position to a second position is pivotable. In the first position, the drive rotor is operated with at least vertical thrust direction, and in the second position, the drive rotor abuts against the fuselage and / or the support surface or is received on the fuselage and / or on the support surface, with no in the second position Operation of the drive rotor takes place. The drive rotors can also be designed as impellers. The drive rotors are further mounted on pivoting arms to save space in the space of the fuselage or alternatively in the wings. Furthermore, it is provided to arrange the drive rotors side by side, if they are not needed for flight operations. WO 2008/147484 A9 discloses a flight module. This flight module is formed from a frame on which, for example, eight rotors arranged on pivot arms are provided. By means of the pivot arms, the rotors can be transferred from a rest position to an operating position, wherein the rotors can be stored in the rest position closely adjacent to each other in the frame. The flight module is for example provided for attachment to cars, ships, containers or other elements in order to be able to transport them by air. According to an alternative embodiment of this flight module, a flying car is disclosed in which at least two impellers can be arranged one above the other, wherein two of the impellers are pivotable about the same pivot axis.

The object of the present invention is to provide a compact drive module with an impeller for a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle with such a drive module.

To solve this problem, the invention has the features specified in patent claims 1 and 7. Advantageous embodiments thereof are specified in the subclaims.

According to the invention, a drive module for a motor vehicle is provided. The drive module comprises two drive devices with a total of at least three impellers with rotor blades, wherein at least two of the impellers are coupled to a pivoting device such that at least two of the impellers can be arranged in an initial position at least partially overlapping and in an operating position of one of these impellers Substantially next to another can be arranged, wherein the pivoting means have two different pivot axes.

The drive module may comprise one and preferably two drive devices, each with a first and a second impeller, wherein at least one of the two impellers of each drive device is coupled to a pivoting device such that the impellers at least partially overlap in a starting position can be arranged and in an operating position of an impeller essentially next to the other can be arranged.

Preferably, the two pivoting means may have two different pivot axes.

That the two pivot axes are different from each other, means that they are arranged at different locations or spaced from each other. In the context of the present invention, a motor vehicle is understood to mean an aircraft, land or water vehicle driven by at least one engine.

In the context of the present invention, an impeller is understood as meaning a rotor (propeller) surrounded by a ring-shaped or pipe-shaped housing.

In the operating position, one impeller is arranged substantially next to the other impeller, which means that the impellers are arranged such that they do not overlap one another or are only slightly overlapped or spaced apart from one another.

Because the impellers can be arranged in an initial position at least partially or completely overlapping each other, it is possible to provide an extremely compact drive module for a motor vehicle. Such a drive module can thus be integrated extremely space-saving in a motor vehicle due to its compact design. It is no longer necessary, the outer geometry of a body of a vehicle, especially a car to adapt to the drive module, but one or more such drive modules can be due to their compact design in a simple way in a car with the usual look or with the usual Design to be integrated.

The fact that the impeller in an operating position by means of the pivoting device can be arranged side by side, the stability of a vehicle with such a drive module in flight can be significantly improved as a swung Rotor has a greater distance from the center of gravity of the vehicle. This simplifies the control considerably due to the larger lever arm and enables safe operation. By swinging out of at least one impeller, preferably of a plurality of impellers, a motor vehicle can be created with a small footprint in the starting position, which has a larger number of impellers compared to conventional airworthy motor vehicles. The larger the number of impellers, the higher the redundancy. In addition, an airworthy motor vehicle with multiple implanters is easier to control or to steer, in particular if the individual impellers can be controlled independently and differently from one another by means of a control device, that is to say either with different rotational speeds and / or with different angles of attack or Blattanstellwinkeln and / or with different inclination angle and / or with different Ausschwenkwinkeln be controlled.

The fact that the two pivoting devices have two different pivot axes makes it possible to design a vehicle with an attractive appearance without, for example, the view being impaired by a pivoting device. Another advantage of this design is that a lateral approach area of a vehicle remains free and is not covered by swung-out impeller.

In addition, the impellers connected to a pivoting device can be pivoted independently or in mutually independent directions.

The impellers may have stator arms, which are arranged underneath the rotor blades and profiled. The number of stator rows preferably exceeds the number of rotor blades. However, fewer stator arms may be provided as rotor blades.

The number of stator arms thus preferably differs from the number of rotor blades of the impeller to prevent swinging. The stator arms may be profiled so as to substantially completely balance the swirl generated by the rotor blades

Due to the fact that the stator arms are profiled, these guide blades form. By means of the guide blades, the air flow generated by the rotor blades flows substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the impeller.

Due to the profiled stator arms thus the flow swirl can be almost completely taken from the outflowing air. As a result, each impeller can be operated virtually torque-free.

The control over the vertical axis can then take place by means of a control device by pivoting the outer rotors about a horizontal axis in a suspension.

This has the advantage that the torques of the impeller need not be compensated by opposing current impeller. The rotation about the vertical axis then takes place exclusively by tilting the outer impeller. A lateral deflection of the outflowing air of a front and rear internal impreller can also be used for this purpose.

If an impeller fails completely, the counter torque no longer has to be compensated for by reducing the counter-rotating impellers or increasing the power of the concurrent impellers. This means that only the lifting force of the failed impeller s has to be replaced or compensated by the other impellers. This can be done for example by a speed increase and / or a changed angle of attack of the rotor blades. In this way, a vehicle with such a drive module can be landed safely despite failure of an impeller. The provision of stator arms also contributes to the fact that the impellers are loaded much more uniformly, since not permanently by speed changes, the direction of flight must be controlled about the vertical axis of the vehicle. In addition is controlling the vertical axis via the tiltable rotors much faster than if this were possible by the acceleration and deceleration of the impeller.

Due to the torque-free rotors, the aircraft can therefore continue to fly if one of the six rotors fails, because a torque of a rotor must not be compensated by oppositely rotating rotors.

Preferably, the impellers are designed such that they completely overlap in a starting position. Furthermore, the impeller in the starting position are arranged approximately horizontally.

In the operating position of the coupled with the pivoting impeller can be arranged horizontally to create buoyancy and / or by means of a tilting device about the horizontal right axis tilted to generate propulsion can.

In addition to the tilting device or alternatively, a Anstellwinkelverstelleinrichtung be provided, by means of which the angle of attack of the rotor blades is adjustable.

The impeller may have a rotor with a plurality of rotor blades, wherein the arrival angle of the rotor blades during operation may be variable. In this way it is possible to arbitrarily control the buoyancy and / or propulsion of a single impeller.

Both of the above factors contribute significantly to increasing maneuverability in flight operations. The impellers do not or only partially generate the necessary lift, but also serve to maintain a forward movement. So it is possible to form a cruise without the vehicle itself declines. Furthermore, it is also possible with a small space in the vehicle to provide a plurality of superimposed impeller in a drive module to produce a larger lift. Thus, three or more impellers may be arranged one above the other, wherein an impeller is preferably arranged stationary, that is stationary in its arrangement in the horizontal plane, wherein the other, impeller means of the pivot means are pivotable.

It may also be provided that all impellers of a tributary device are provided with a pivoting inlet and are accordingly pivotable and at least partially locatable outside a vehicle. Preferably, each drive means may comprise three impellers arranged one above the other, wherein the lowermost impeller is fixed and can be lowered or lowered, and the two impellers lying above are liftable, pivotable and lowerable by means of the corresponding pivoting means. By providing six or eight or more impellers for flight operation, the vehicle can continue to fly stably, even if one of the impellers fails. This is basically, due to the above properties, possible with four impellers. Also, the fixed impeller can be freely pivotable and / or liftable by means of an adjusting device. This is preferably done by the fact that the annular housing of the impeller is pivotally mounted about two in a horizontal plane perpendicular to each other arranged axes, for example by means of a gimbal mechanism. The ring-shaped housing can be raised at three different points via three spindles or hydraulic cylinders. As a result, in addition to the lifting function and a pivoting function is achieved in all axes.

Alternatively, in addition to or instead of pivoting the entire stationary impeller and / or to styles of the stator arms, the emission direction can be changed by means of an adjustable lamellar device located below the fixed impeller. In this way, lateral thrust forces for controlling a vehicle can also be provided. The drive may preferably be provided in the propeller hub, an electric motor, such as a brushless external rotor or an internal rotor with gear. An advantage of the embodiment of the electric motor as a brushless external rotor is that no gear is necessary and thus incurred no related maintenance.

An impeller may have three rotor blades and five stator arms or five rotor blades and seven stator arms or seven rotor blades and eleven stator arms. The number of rotor blades and the stator arms or stator blades should be selected such that vibration overlays are prevented.

Instead of the electric motor can also be provided to perform a mechanical power transmission from the engine via propeller shafts and / or timing belt. Furthermore, a vehicle with at least one drive module according to the invention is provided according to the invention.

Preferably, the vehicle may have two drive modules. A vehicle with two drive modules has six impellers to ensure flight operation. These are extremely space-saving integrated into the vehicle due to the compact design of the drive module.

The vehicle may have two front wheels and two rear wheels, wherein in each case at least one and in particular two drive modules may be arranged in the region of the front wheels and in the region of the rear wheels.

The vehicle may comprise an internal combustion engine, a generator and a buffer battery or a supercapacitor, wherein in the hubs of the impeller electric motors are arranged, which are supplied via the Pufferakku or the supercapacitor with power. By means of the buffer batteries, the electric motors can deliver much more power for a short time than can be generated permanently by the generator or the generators or even provide the necessary energy for a safe landing in case of failure of the internal combustion engine. It may be provided a control device by means of which the impeller can be operated with different rotational speeds and / or different inclination angles and / or different angles of attack of the rotor blades.

Thus, the up and / or the propulsion of the individual impeller is arbitrarily controllable.

In this way, a redundancy is provided because the failure of a single impeller can be compensated by adjusting the rotational speeds and / or angles of attack of the rotor blades and / or the inclination of the other impeller.

In addition, the impeller can be arranged by the pivoting device in different, even asymmetric positions of a horizontal vehicle level. In this way, it is possible to react to a changed vehicle center of gravity. A change in the vehicle's center of gravity may arise due to unevenly distributed loading or different weight of the vehicle occupants.

Furthermore, the vehicle according to the invention can have a parachute or an overall recovery system if the drive fails.

According to an alternative embodiment of the drive module according to the invention can be provided instead of the impeller (with housing) and propellers or propellers or rotors (without housing).

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings by way of example. These show in:

1 shows a vehicle according to the invention with two drive modules in a perspective view while driving without a chassis,

Figure 2 shows the vehicle of Figure 1 in a perspective view, with two

Impeller raised and half swung out, FIG. 3 shows the vehicle from FIG. 1 in a perspective view, wherein impellers are shown in the fully swung-out state, FIG. 4 shows the vehicle from FIG. 1 in a perspective view, with two

Impellers are shown in fully swung out state and two impellers are shown in the raised state,

Figure 5 shows the vehicle of Figure 1 in a perspective view, wherein four

Impellers are shown fully swung out,

FIG. 6 shows the vehicle from FIG. 1 in a perspective view, with the four deflected-out impellers being shown in the fully lowered state,

Figure 7 shows a further embodiment of the vehicle according to the invention

Slat devices without chassis,

FIG. 8 shows the vehicle from FIG. 7 in a top view,

FIG. 9 the lamellar devices of the vehicle in a side view in FIG

Driving,

FIG. 10 shows the lamellar devices in a lateral view during starting or hovering of the vehicle,

Figure 11 shows the lamellar devices and the forwardly inclined impeller in a side view in flight operation, Figure 12 is a further illustration of the vehicle according to the invention in one

Forward flight operation in a perspective view, a further view of the vehicle according to the invention in a perspective view in flight during execution of a change in direction, the vehicle according to the invention in the operating state of Figure 13 in a side view, the vehicle according to the invention in a perspective view when making a change in direction, the vehicle according to the invention in a perspective view Body, the representation of the vehicle according to the invention of Figure 16 with lowered doors, the vehicle according to the invention in a perspective view with covering means for top cover the drive modules, the vehicle according to the invention in a plan view from above, wherein the impellers are arranged corresponding to a displaced center of gravity of the vehicle Inventive vehicle in a plan view from above, wherein the impeller are arranged according to a displaced center of gravity of the vehicle, the vehicle according to the invention in a plan view from above, wherein the impellers are arranged corresponding to a displaced center of gravity of the vehicle, an alternative embodiment of an opened covering device together with the vehicle in a perspective view, FIG. 23 shows the covering device from FIG. 21 in the closed state together with the vehicle in a perspective view, FIG. 24 shows an alternative arrangement of a drive together with the vehicle in a perspective view, and FIG

Figure 25 shows the arrangement of Figure 24 in a plan view from above. A vehicle 1 according to the invention comprises a chassis 2 with two front wheels 3 and two rear wheels 4 and a drive module 6 according to the invention with two drive devices 35 (FIGS. 1 to 21).

In the central region of the chassis 2, a passenger compartment 5 is formed.

In the area between the front wheels 3 and the passenger compartment 5 and in the area between the rear wheels 4 and the passenger compartment 5, a drive device 35 is arranged in each case. Each drive device 35 comprises a first stationary impeller 7 and two pivotable impellers 8, 9 arranged above it.

The impellers are arranged while driving in a trained in the vehicle impeller shaft 36, 37. This impeller shaft or its upper opening can be covered on the upper side by means of a covering device 37 during driving operation.

During driving, the upper opening of the impeller shaft is closed to protect the impeller from damage, for example by falling rocks. The covering device can be designed as a flexible or rigid cover which can be folded together (FIG. 18). Basically, a grid-like cover is possible, which covers the stationary impeller in flight and protects, for example, from birds or the like. Such a cover must be designed such that even sufficient air is available for the impeller to provide the necessary lift for the operation of the aircraft.

Preferably, the cover device has electrically operable Jaluosielamellen that are collapsible in flight in the vehicle longitudinal direction 10 behind the front impeller shaft 36 and in front of the rear impeller shaft 37. Alternatively, the Venetian blinds can be brought by twisting about the longitudinal axis in an open and closed position A pivoting impeller 8 is for left-side swing respect. A vehicle longitudinal axis 10 and a pivoting impeller 9 is formed for right-side swing with respect to a vehicle longitudinal axis 10.

The pivotable impellers 8, 9 are each coupled to a pivoting device 11 such that the pivotable impeller 8, 9 in a starting position 12 and in a driving operation the stationary impeller 7 are arranged completely overlapping (Figure 1).

This means that in the starting position 12, the axis of rotation 13 of the stationary impeller and the axes of rotation 14 of the pivotable impeller 8, 9 are aligned.

The rotary or pivot axes 13, 14 are thus perpendicular to the vehicle longitudinal axis 10 and a horizontal vehicle level (or a plane), wherein the pivot axes 13, 14 are arranged offset to one another.

The impellers 7, 8, 9 have a rotor 17 and a tubular housing 18. The rotor 17 preferably comprises three rotor blades 19, which are connected to a hub 20. It can also be provided two, four, five, or more rotor blades.

The rotor blades 19 are with respect to their angle of attack either rigid or adjustable in pitch by means of a Anstellwinkelverstelleinrichtung (not shown) with the Hub 20 connected. As Anstellwinkelverstelleinrichtung eg a coupled to a gear electric motor is provided.

The hubs 20 of the impellers 7, 8, 9 have electric motors (not shown) to set the impellers 7, 8, 9 in a rotational movement about their axes of rotation 13, 14. The electric motors are preferably designed as brushless external rotor and are supplied by a drive described below with electrical energy. An impeller 7, 8, 9 with rotor, tubular housing, hub and electric motor has a height of about 10 to 20 cm.

Underneath the rotor blades 19 stationary stator arms 37 are arranged which are connected to the housing. The stator 37 are profiled or formed such that the swirl of the air flow generated by the rotor blades is substantially balanced. This means that the air flow or the thrust of an impeller is substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor blades.

The profiled stator arms 37 thus form circumferential guide blades. The number of stator arms preferably exceeds the number of rotor blades by at least one.

In an operating position 16 or in flight operation, the pivotable impellers 8, 9 are pivotable outwardly to the left and right with respect to the vehicle longitudinal axis 10 laterally next to the chassis 2 by means of the pivoting device 11, that the pivotable impeller 8, 9 adjacent or spaced from the stationary Impeller 7 are arranged (Figure 6). The fixed impeller 7 are in flight by means of a hydraulic lifting device (not shown) or with spindle devices or the like. a piece raised. The method for transferring the impellers 7, 8 and 9 from a driving operation to a flying operation will be described later in detail. The pivoting device 1 1 (not shown in detail) may be an electrically, hydraulically, mechanically or pneumatically actuated lever arm. Preferably, the pivoting device comprises a spindle drive device and / or a hydraulic cylinder device for lifting, swiveling out and in and lowering the impeller 8, 9 coupled to the pivoting device 11, wherein the lever arm can be guided in a corresponding guide slot (not shown).

The raising and lowering of the lever arm in the vertical direction can be done, for example, by means of a hydraulic cylinder device or a spindle drive. This linear movement in the vertical direction can be guided by a vertical linear guide of the guide slot.

The pivoting in and out can, for example, be done by means of a spindle drive device. This movement in can also be guided by the guide slot.

Depending on the design of the pivoting device 11 can be dispensed with the guide link, in which case a hydraulic cylinder device and / or a spindle drive device and / or a worm drive itself takes over the leadership of the lever arms.

In addition to the pivoting device 1 1, a tilting device 21 (not shown in detail) can be provided, which is designed to pivot the pivoting impeller 8 about a horizontal inclination axis, in particular approximately perpendicular to a longitudinal axis 10 or direction of the vehicle 1 tilting axis 22, to tilt. The tilting device 21 may be formed as a worm or spindle drive. Alternatively, the tilting device 21 may be formed by means of a hydraulic cylinder or a hydraulic servo drive. Furthermore, the vehicle comprises a drive. The drive comprises an internal combustion engine 23, a generator 24 and a buffer battery 25. This drive may be in the area between the front wheels, in the area between the rear wheels, in the area between the rear drive modules and the passenger compartment, in the area be arranged between the front drive modules and the passenger compartment or under the drive modules. For a redundant drive and the arrangement of two internal combustion engines laterally outside the passenger foot area is possible.

The engine (or engines) 23 is preferably an aircraft engine with approximately 150 to 200 horsepower.

The buffer battery 25 may also be designed as a supercapacitor.

Furthermore, a tank 26 is provided. The tank 26 is arranged in the center of gravity of the vehicle, as a result of which changes in the fuel volume hardly result in changes in the center of gravity or load changes. The tank can also be subdivided into two or more separate areas, or alternatively several tanks can be provided so that load changes around the longitudinal axis can be compensated by different filling (for example) when operating with only one person.

The vehicle 1 may have one or more luggage compartments. Furthermore, the vehicle has a control device (not shown) by means of which the impellers 7, 8, 9 can be operated at different rotational speeds and / or different angles of inclination and / or different angles of attack of the rotor blades. In addition, the control device based on parameters such as the capacity of the tank, the weight of the luggage and in which luggage compartment the luggage is arranged to be designed such that it calculates the vehicle's center of gravity and arranges the impeller according to the vehicle level. The controller may be a local knife, such. As a GPS sensor, which receives corresponding location signals. The control device can on the basis of the location signals and by appropriate position and acceleration sensors, the height, the direction and the speed by individually controlling the control individual impeller with respect. Rotation speed and / or inclination and / or angle of attack.

Furthermore, the vehicle according to the invention has a in the axial direction 29 of a steering rod displaceable steering wheel 27. When driving the steering wheel 27 is blocked in the axial direction. In this way, the steering wheel 27 can be used exactly as in a car for steering the vehicle while driving.

In flight operation, the steering wheel serves by pushing or pulling in and against the axial direction 29 of the steering linkage to control the transverse axis 28 of the vehicle and by turning the steering wheel to control about the longitudinal axis 10 of the vehicle. In this way, the vehicle 1 is controllable similar to an aircraft with control horn. A pedaling device 30 of the vehicle comprises four pedals 31, 32, 33, 34. When driving, the two middle pedals 32, 33 serve for accelerating and braking the vehicle, whereby the middle right pedal 33 forms the gas pedal and the middle one similar to a conventional car left pedal 32, the brake pedal is formed. In this way, the vehicle 1 according to the invention is in driving operation like any other car with automatic transmission mobile.

Furthermore, a left and a right pedal 31, 34 are provided. In flight mode, the left pedal 31 is designed to turn left and the right pedal to turn it right around a vertical vertical axis 35 on the horizontal vehicle level 15. Thus, the configuration of the pedals of the left and right pedals 31, 34 is exactly like a helicopter.

In flight operation, the middle pedals 32, 33 or the gas and the brake pedal for regulating the airspeed are provided. When pressing the accelerator, the aircraft accelerates in the air, the pressure on the brake pedal reduces the speed. In addition, the controller may include a control horn, whereby the transverse and longitudinal axis is controllable. With a second control horn, the vertical control, so the rise and fall of the aircraft controlled. This control allows the aircraft to be controlled like a helicopter. Instead of the two lateral pedals, the yaw function about the vertical axis (also called YAW function) can also be done by a lateral movement of the pitch control horn.

For driving the wheels hub motors are provided, either two wheel hub motors are provided on the rear wheels and / or the front wheels or, alternatively, four wheel hub motors on all four wheels.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the vehicle 1 according to the invention, the drive modules on the underside a lamellar device 38 for covering the impeller shaft 36.

The lamellar means 38 comprises a plurality of mutually parallel and by means of an electric motor (not shown) about a vehicle transverse axis adjustable or rotatable fins 39. When driving the fins 39 are arranged horizontally and protect the impeller 8, 9 from damage by stone chipping or the like (FIG 8 and 9).

When hovering, the slats are opened vertically (FIGS. 10 and 13). In forward flight, the slats are pivoted so that a blow-down direction is down and back (Figure 11 and 13). As a result, propulsion is generated. At the same time, the outer impeller can be tilted forward, which also produce a propulsion for the flight. The pivoting of the slats and the tilting of the impeller allows a forward flight, without the entire vehicle must be tilted forward. On the one hand, this has the advantage that the user sits in a normal position and, on the other hand, the aerodynamic resistance of the vehicle 1 is minimized by the horizontal flight position. These slats can be arranged in parallel at a certain angle to the vehicle and in addition to the directional control by transverse rotation protect the impeller from below. But it can also be arranged centrally circumferentially arranged lamellae, which simultaneously take over the function of the stator arms and thus the orientation of the air jet and the lower closure of the impeller to protect the impeller by these are rotated transversely. The centrically encircling blades protect the impeller when driving and when opened (turned) they take over the straight alignment of the air jet.

By arranged below the rotor blades, the radiation of the air can be derived obliquely, which also lateral forces can be used.

When driving, the closed blades protect the rotors from road dust and falling rocks.

The same applies to the stator arms, which are already arranged concentrically circumferentially. The stator arms could also be designed such that they completely cover and protect the impellers when driving. Furthermore, the vehicle may have lowerable doors. This allows easy entry and exit while maintaining a higher and larger lateral chassis area. As a result, the vehicle can be easily and stably built at the same time, since the outer contour does not have to be interrupted by large doors. Furthermore, the doors can be locked by means of a locking device (not shown). By means of the locking device, a rigid composite between the doors and the body is formed. The vehicle doors can also be designed as so-called gullwing doors. Due to the special movement upwards or diagonally upwards a collision of the doors with the impellers is avoided, if they are currently in the extended position.

Furthermore, the vehicle may have individual windshields for each user.

Furthermore, the vehicle may have a continuous windshield. Through the continuous windscreen, the vehicle can be equipped with a hood that protects the passenger compartment against rain and weather. In addition, the continuous windscreen by the user can be easily exchanged for two individual discs. The windshield can also be designed completely removable, whereby a driving and / or flying operation is made possible without windshield.

According to a further embodiment, the stationary impeller may also be provided with a pivoting device and thus be designed to be pivotable.

In the following, the method for transferring the impellers 7, 8 and 9 from a driving operation to a flight operation will be described in detail (FIGS. 1 to 6).

The front and rear impeller area can be covered. This cover can either be removed manually or pivoted by a mechanism such that the extension of the impeller is made possible.

The lifting and pivoting device can be designed as an integral lifting and swiveling mechanism. By means of this lifting and pivoting mechanism, a left-side and a right-hand impeller 8, 9 are lifted vertically upward with a rotary arm out of the respective impeller shaft (FIG. 1). This lifting movement can take place by means of spindle, hydraulic or pneumatic elements or with another drive and is preferably guided linearly in the vertical direction by a link. After start-up, the left-side and right-hand impellers 8, 9 are pivoted outward (FIGS. 1 and 2). The swinging out is preferably performed by a link and / or the pivoting device itself

This can be done by means of lever drive, worm gear hydraulic or manual or the like.

In the swung-out state, the left-side and right-hand impellers 8, 9 are preferably shut down again in order to allow the user a good view (FIG. 6). This movement can also be guided by the scenery.

In addition, the stationary impeller 7 are raised a bit, resulting in a higher distance to the ground surface at start. Thereafter, the slats are placed vertically. By lifting the rotor, the slats have space to pivot in the vertical. That when closed, the stationary rotor can be lowered directly over the horizontal slats.

It can either be provided that all impellers are swung out and then lowered, or that the impeller are moved out one by one or in pairs and immediately lowered.

This process is then repeated accordingly for the other left-hand and the other right-hand impeller 8, 9. Then the flight operation is reached.

After the impellers have reached the flight position, the swivel-away, air-permeable cover is closed again. This cover can be designed as a grid, as a lamella construction or similar. Will this cover as designed adjustable lamella construction, so it can be closed for driving.

After landing, when the driving operation is desired, the whole procedure described above is carried out in reverse order.

The vehicle may have unilateral control (steering wheel, pedal train, etc.). Advantageously, the vehicle has a two-sided control. This has the advantage if the pilot becomes ill, that a second person can take over the control. Even for a training operation such an arrangement makes sense.

The following describes a method for controlling the vehicle or for performing a rotation about the vertical axis in flight operation.

A clockwise rotation of the vehicle can take place in that the left-side impeller 8 are tilted forward and the right-side impeller 9 are tilted backwards (Figures 13 to 15). In this way, the vehicle 1 rotates about the vertical axis to the right.

Conversely, a vehicle turn about the vertical axis can be carried out to the left.

Such a rotational movement about the vertical axis can also be achieved if the left-handed rotors turn faster and the right-handed rotors slower. Due to the larger counter torque of the left-handed rotors, the vehicle turns to the right.

It can be provided that the rotors are formed in the impellers alternately as left- and right-handed rotors. At the same speed of the rotors, the counter torques of the rotors are equalized and the vehicle stops around its vertical axis. For example, when leaning to the left, the rotors on the right side turn faster and the rotors on the left side of the vehicle slower. As a result, the vehicle tilts to the left. After back and forth, this works according to the same principle.

These control options eliminate the need for collective and cyclic blade pitch adjustment on the rotors as required by a helicopter. That The rotors consist only of an electric motor and a fixed propeller. As a result, a low maintenance and a long service life of the drives is achieved.

The following describes a method for trimming the impellers 7, 8 and 9 into flight operation (FIGS. 19 to 21). When trimming, a shift of a buoyancy center takes place away from the center of the vehicle. As a result, load changes, which are compensated by different pilot weights, loads, different amounts of fuel in the tanks, etc., without the rotors must be operated at different speeds or different angles of attack.

If e.g. the right-hand impeller 8 pivoted as close to the chassis and the left-hand rotors are pivoted as far away from the chassis moves the center of buoyancy of all rotors to the left, whereby the vehicle is trimmed to the right (Figure 19).

For example, if the left-side impeller 9 pushed to the outside or away from the vehicle longitudinal axis 10 and the right-hand impeller 8 pushed as close to the chassis shifts the buoyancy center is trimmed to the left (Figure 20). Although this requires a little more mechanical effort, but this can be achieved by a larger displacement of the buoyancy center. The displacement of the impeller 8, 9 can be achieved by linear movement of the pivot axes. It can also be provided to execute the pivot axes themselves with an eccentric bearing. Upon rotation of the axis, the axis position and thus the lateral arrangement of the impeller can then be changed.

When the front and rear impellers 8, 9 of the front and rear drive modules are pivoted forwardly, the buoyancy center is pushed forward, resulting in a trim action e.g. towards the rear (FIG. 21). In flight mode, several variants are conceivable. According to a first variant, the pivotable impeller both a Schwenkei nrichtu ng and a tilting device, with as uniform as possible loading of the individual impeller 7, 8, 9 is to be achieved. The propulsion force is applied to the fixed impellers by the adjustment of the lower blades or e.g. also achieved by the inclination of the impeller.

But it is also possible to operate the impeller one side of the vehicle with a different rotational speed and / or with different angles of attack with respect to the other side of the vehicle, so that a maneuvering of the vehicle is possible.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, two, three, four, five or six impellers can be arranged one above the other.

Instead of the electric motors, the impellers can also be driven directly by the combustion engine. The power transmission from the engine to the impeller can be done via a first timing belt, which transmits the force to the axis of rotation of the pivot arm. In the region of the axis of rotation, the power transmission takes place on a second toothed belt which is arranged in a horizontal housing-like section and drives the rotor. Cardan shafts are also possible for power transmission. In such a training Anstellwinkelverstelleinrichtung is necessary. The Anstellwinkelverstelleinrichtung can be electrically or hydraulically formed. The drive can also be designed such that the internal combustion engine is coupled to a transmission, from which the power is transmitted to the individual implants. Such a transmission has a multiple gear output and the individual outputs are preferably individually steplessly adjustable. In such a mechanical power transmission also toothed belt or cardan shafts are provided for transmitting the force. These are less lossy than. the power transmission via generators, motor controllers and motors. However, this requires a much higher mechanical complexity.

In transmissions with multiple outputs could be waived due to the variable speed setting on a Anstellwinkelverstelleinrichtung. The pivoting means may according to these two embodiments have a corresponding mechanism of shaft and bevel gears for transmitting the force.

If the rotors are equipped with adjustable rotor blades, the infinitely variable speeds of the individual rotors can be dispensed with. Here, the different lifting capacities and torques are achieved by changing the Blattanstellwinkels.

Alternatively, a plurality of drive modules, for example four, six, eight or ten, etc. may be provided.

The front wheels and / or the rear wheels of the vehicle can also be driven directly by the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the vehicle can have one or more parachutes or overall rescue systems in order to bring the crew safely to the ground in the event of complete failure of the drive. The vehicle may also have three or four or six or more drive modules.

It is also possible that all impellers of a drive module are designed to be pivotable.

For covering the top of the impeller shafts can also be provided that are provided on the impeller shafts covers of a grid including a support structure. These covers are opened for the time of swinging the impeller (Figure 22).

After the impellers have been raised and swung out, the covers can be closed again (Figure 23). The fact that the covers are designed as a grid construction, the air can flow through in flight mode.

Another advantage of the grids is that they can be fully integrated into the design of the vehicle. In driving mode, the impellers are protected from damage by the grille. In addition, the grid area can be completely closed here by einleg Bares or roll bares tarpaulin material.

FIGS. 24 and 25 show a second engine installation variant. Here the engine including the generator is rotated 180 degrees and arranged between the seats. The tanks are housed here on two tanks under the seats and a tank between the foot areas of the pilots / drivers. This has the great advantage that the engine is much easier to access for maintenance purposes. For this purpose, only one cover between the seats to remove and you have direct access to the engine area.

Furthermore, two motors can be provided, which are arranged laterally next to a Fuß- space of the passenger compartment. In this way, a drive redundancy is given, whereby in case of failure of one of the two motors still a safe landing with only one engine is possible. The fact that the individual impellers are controlled separately via the control device, the flight operation is redundant, that is, in case of failure of an impeller can by appropriate pivoting, tilting or changing the angle of attack and / or the rotational speeds of the remaining impeller safe operation zumin - be ensured at least in the short term to bring the passengers safely back to earth.

The redundancy is favored by the provision of an electric motor per drive. The buffer battery or the supercapacitor can be chosen so large that even if the internal combustion engine still enough energy is available to land the vehicle safely.

The embodiments explained above have an internal combustion engine. Within the scope of the invention it is also possible to use the vehicle exclusively with electric motors, i. without forming an internal combustion engine. The weight saved by eliminating the internal combustion engine and the fuel is preferably used for a large battery and / or a large supercapacitor. The internal combustion engine may be directly connected to the impellers via a mechanical drive train comprising a propeller shaft and / or a toothed belt with or without gears.

As an alternative to the above-described embodiments described in detail, it can also be provided that one of the two drive devices comprises only one impeller and the other drive device comprises two impellers pivotable by means of a pivoting device.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

I vehicle

2 chassis

3 front wheels

4 rear wheels

5 passenger compartment

6 drive module

7 fixed impeller

8 left side swiveling impeller

9 right-hand swiveling impeller

10 vehicle longitudinal axis

I pivoting device

12 starting position

13 axis of rotation

14 axis of rotation

15 horizontal vehicle level

16 operating position

17 rotor

18 tubular housing

19 rotor blades

20 hub

21 tilting device

22 tilting axis

23 internal combustion engine

24 generator

25 buffer battery

26 tank

27 steering wheel

28 transverse axis

29 axial direction

30 pedal equipment left pedal

middle left pedal middle right pedal right pedal

Drive device Impeller shaft

stator arm

Slat device slat

bailout

Claims

claims

1. comprising drive module for a motor vehicle

two drive devices with a total of at least three impellers with rotor blades, wherein at least two of the impellers are coupled to a pivoting device such that at least two of the impellers can be arranged in an initial position at least partially overlapping and can be arranged in an operating position of one of these impellers substantially next to the other, wherein the pivot means comprise two different pivot axes.

2. Drive module according to claim 1,

characterized,

in that the two drive devices each have a first and a second impeller with rotor blades, wherein one of the two impellers of each drive device is coupled to the pivoting device in such a way that the impellers can be arranged to overlap one another at least partially in an initial position and in one operating position the one impeller can be arranged substantially next to the other, wherein the pivot means have two different pivot axes.

3. Drive module according to claim 1 or 2,

characterized in that the impeller have stator arms, which are arranged below the rotor blades and are preferably profiled in such a way that a swirl of the rotor blades can be compensated substantially and the air flow can be emitted parallel to the axis of rotation of the impeller.

4. Drive module according to one of claims 1 to 3,

characterized,

that the impellers are arranged in the starting position approximately horizontally

5. Drive module according to one of claims 1 to 4,

characterized,

in that the impeller coupled to the pivoting device can be horizontally arranged in the operating position by means of the pivoting device and / or can be tilted about a horizontal axis by means of a tilting device.

6. Drive module according to one of claims 1 to 5,

characterized,

that the impeller has a rotor with two or more rotor blades, wherein an angle of attack of the rotor blades during operation is variable.

7. Drive module according to one of claims 1 to 6,

characterized,

a drive device preferably has three or more impellers arranged one above the other, one impeller being arranged stationary and the other impellers being pivotable by means of a respective pivoting device or all the impellers being pivotable by means of a respective pivoting device.

8. Drive module according to one of claims 1 to 7,

characterized,

that the stationary impeller is freely pivotable in the room by means of an adjusting device and can be raised or lowered.

9. Vehicle with at least one drive module according to one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Vehicle according to claim 8 or 9,

characterized, the vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine, a generator, a buffer battery and in each hub of an impeller an electric motor.

11. Vehicle according to claim 8 or 9,

characterized,

that the vehicle has an internal combustion engine connected directly to the impellers via a mechanical drive train and / or that the vehicle has only one or more electric motors for driving the impellers and wheels.

12. Vehicle according to one of claims 7 to 11,

characterized,

a control device is provided by means of which the impellers can be operated at different rotational speeds and / or different angles of incidence of the rotor blades.