DE202012009714U1 - "Airplanes" - Google Patents

Abstract

"Aircraft" MACRON (as an abbreviation of the Latin name Macronyx for a pterosaur genus), characterized in that it is both fully on the road to drive as a conventional car and also has unrestricted flying ability.

Description

My invention consists of a 100% roadworthy motor vehicle according to the prior art, which due to its special construction without restrictions similar to a rotorcraft (so-called helicopter) is equally unlimited, or substantially improved airworthiness.

The peculiarity is that I have developed by my engine invention and supplements to this (Utility Model Numbers 20 2011 109 044.6 and 20 2012 006 098.8) engine technology with a very large capacity at very low weight, which makes this vehicle capable of driving and flying enabled ,

In contrast to all other vehicles that were previously roadworthy and at the same time capable of flying, due to its special design, it does not require a runway, but can switch from off-road to flight mode, taking into account required safety distances when starting and landing.

As arbitrary but variable dimensions, I have used a total length of 500 cm, a width of 200 cm, body height 80 cm, ground clearance 25 cm. The height from the ground, including the acrylic and driver's cab, is 155 cm in street mode and 195 cm in flight mode.

Thus, usual averages are from upper middle-class vehicles, even in the transitional modes.

The equipment for road operation correspond to the usual state of the art.

The drive can be done both on the rear wheels and on the front wheels, as well as a four-wheel drive is possible and preferable, this later.

The drive medium for both modes (road / air) is my o. G. Motor invention and this either executed as a hydraulic pressure or as an electricity supplier.

Both variants are thus clutch-free and easily controlled, the drive motors can be applied due to their small dimensions immediately in front of or behind the brake discs on the wheel axles.

When using these drive motors omitted at the same time: The usual manual or automatic transmission, the cardan shaft, further intermediate shafts and the differential gear, thus several components and thus weights. Only the two hydraulic supply and return hoses or power lines / cables to each wheel are required.

With these drive elements, control of the vehicle by joystick would also be possible in road operation, with the classic variant of steering wheel, accelerator and brake pedal to be maintained to rule out registration problems and any conversion difficulties of the driver from the outset.

The structure of the vehicle by means of a known from many convertible vehicles frame construction here has to be made of aluminum or carbon profiles for the purpose of weight reduction (see drawing set - future ZS - page 03, paragraph ... list of reference - future BZL). More details later.

Exterior cladding of the frame structure should be made of CFRP or other known lightweight materials.

Unlike conventional convertible textile or steel roofs are for driver and front passenger Acrylglaskanzeln provided with a centrally large connection area for the purpose of visual and voice contact, such. As in the former Messerschmidt cabin scooter from the 1950s / 60s.

The lighting system also corresponds to the prior art, with supplemental position lanterns acc. State of the art for small aircraft are to be led, provided that a night flight permit for this vehicle is issued.

The tires differ insignificantly from conventional vehicles of this size.

The most important moment is a relatively small width and small diameter to have enough space under the horizontal flight rotors and the lowest possible weight.

This is achieved by small and very narrow tires.

As a non-static size, I used a type 135/80 R13 70T tire on a steel disc rim (see ZS pages 1-7, BZL x). This is a standard tire, which is allowed up to 190 km / h, especially since this maximum speed for such a vehicle in the road is sufficient.

Even today's steel rims are no different in weight compared to Alloy wheels with at least the same high stability and can cause an additional support of the steering behavior in addition to other control elements in air operation with closed construction.

Further descriptions of the road modes are not required at this point, therefore from here to the flight construction.

In order to put this vehicle in flight mode, first of all 2 rotors are required (see ZS pages x, BZL x). They are 4-leafed, different designs are possible.

The rotor blades have only the task of lifting the vehicle vertically in the air and to keep at the selected height. They are not involved in a jacking. Insofar omitted here, in contrast to a helicopter, the elaborate swash plate, the u. In a helicopter u. a. the propulsion causes.

So that it does not come to a yaw moment, the rotor blades rotate in opposite directions.

They are located in a revolving jacket / tunnel for improved performance and to reduce noise and are installed horizontally in the front and rear of the vehicle (see ZS x, page ...) Passenger seats are located between the rotors.

The diameter of each rotor blade is 190 cm.

The rotor blades are surrounded by a tunnel with a height of approx. 20 cm and an inner diameter of 194 cm. The tunnels may consist of aluminum hollow sections, CFRP or other stable lightweight construction materials. The profile shape may be square or elongated teardrop-shaped or elliptical, the profile thickness in cross section is here 20 mm.

The tunnels are fitted with a sturdy spider or tripod for receiving the drive motor for the horizontally mounted rotor blade.

The profiles for the spider must be strong enough material, since they have to carry the total weight of the vehicle.

Both tunnels are each connected at 4 points, left and right, and front and rear, with a frame surrounding the entire vehicle frame, in the longitudinal center of the vehicle with the center console, which simultaneously receives the main engine and all controls.

The tunnels themselves are covered with a relatively close-meshed cross lattice in order to rule out theoretically possible sucking in of birds in case of contact.

The pitch of the rotor blades can be variable, but it can also rotor blades are used with a fixed angle, which reduces the technical construction and operating costs. In this case, the altitude is controlled by the speed, which is relatively easy on the flight computer for GPS signals is possible, this later.

The direction of rotation of the rotors is not reversible.

For propulsion of the vehicle during flight operations, 2 jacketed / tunneled propellers are also installed as a structural unit (see ZS page ..., BZL ...). In road operation, this propulsion unit can be folded forward on the rear of the vehicle (see ZS page ..., BZL ...).

For flight operation, the propeller unit is hydraulically folded by 90 ° in the vertical to the rear / top (see ZS page ..., BZL ...). After latching, the propulsion propellers start running. These are also designed to minimize noise here also 4-leaves, different interpretations are possible.

The propellers are designed with a fixed setting angle, the speed is regulated by the speed. The tunnel profiles and safety grille covers are made as with the rotors.

The diameter of the propellers is here 90 cm, the direction of rotation is also here to avoid possible yawing moments in opposite directions, the spider or tripod with central drive motor and propeller as before.

Since these propulsion propellers, unlike a wing aircraft and the horizontal rotors do not have to generate lift, their performance is available exclusively for propulsion. The calculated airspeed will be from 0 to over 300 km / h.

The horizontal direction control in the air is achieved by unilateral speed change of the propulsion propeller, such. B. higher speed on the right propeller = direction change to the left, higher speed on the left propeller = direction change to the right, this later.

In contrast to the rotors, the propellers are reversible in their direction of rotation for any emergency / evasive / stopping maneuvers.

As an additional supporting control two further likewise tunneled propellers with a diameter of 50 cm are permanently installed in the front of the vehicle.

These automatically start when the controller joystick is fully retracted, as well as during full forward travel / flight, whereby the wind resistance of the vehicle front is simultaneously reduced for additional propulsion.

The entire control for the flight mode via its own on-board computer, which is connected via a simple on / off switch only to the on-board computer for the road mode.

For the sake of simplicity, the control of the flight computer is effected by means of a joystick which is fixed in its respectively inserted position and mounted on the center console.

• Stick in Mittelstellung = Nullstellung, es passiert gar nichts,
• die Flughöhe: Stick senkrecht nach oben ziehen = aufsteigen, computergesteuert anfänglich schnell, danach langsamer werdend, Stick senkrecht nach unten drücken = absenken, computergesteuert anfänglich schnell, danach langsamer werdend,
• die Fluggeschwindigkeit: Stick nach vorne = schneller, bei fast bis Vollanschlag Zuschaltung der beiden Frontpropeller, computergesteuerter Drehzahlabgleich mit Vortriebspropellern, Stick nach hinten = langsamer, bei fast bis Vollanschlag Umkehr der Drehrichtung der Vortriebspropeller und Abschaltung der Frontpropeller bis zum Fahrzeugstillstand, danach computergesteuert nur langsamer Rückwärtsflug möglich,
• die Seitenrichtung: Stick nach links = Richtungsänderung nach links = Drehzahlsteigerung des rechten Vortriebspropellers, bei fast bis Vollanschlag Zuschaltung des rechten Frontpropellers, Stick nach rechts = Richtungsänderung nach rechts = Drehzahlsteigerung des linken Vortriebspropellers, bei fast bis Vollanschlag Zuschaltung des linken Frontpropellers.

The following flight maneuvers are regulated with the joystick:

• Stick in middle position = zero position, nothing happens,
• the flying height: Stick vertically up = rise, computer controlled initially fast, then slowing down, stick down vertically = lower, computer controlled initially fast, then slowing down,
• the airspeed: stick forward = faster, at almost to full stop connection of the two front propeller, computer controlled speed adjustment with propelling propellers, stick to the rear = slower, almost to full stop reversal of the direction of rotation of the propulsion propeller and shutdown of the front propeller to vehicle standstill, then computer controlled only slower Reverse flight possible,
• the lateral direction: stick to the left = change of direction to the left = speed increase of the right propelling propeller, at almost to full stop connection of the right front propeller, stick to the right = direction change to the right = increase in the speed of the left propelling propeller, at almost to full stop connection of the left front propeller.

Furthermore, the flight computer must fulfill other hard-programmed tasks:
If he is switched on in the road mode to change to the flight mode, he has automatically fold the propulsion propeller from its rearward driving position in the vertical. At the same time, the rotors must start up and initially lift the vehicle off the road quickly so as not to interfere with subsequent traffic. An absolutely absolute prudence and consideration of the driver is a prerequisite.

As soon as all wheels of the vehicle have lost contact with the ground, the electric or hydraulic drive circuit of the landing gear must be switched off in order to keep the full engine power available for further flight maneuvers.

After this unproblematic maneuver, the vehicle then actually stands in the air and can then be brought to a desired altitude by means of a joystick, if necessary with simultaneous cruise control and direction.

This can, depending on any approval requirements, be limited to a predetermined maximum height, z. B. 50, 100 or 200 m.

Just for note: The altitude record for helicopters is over 13,000 m !!!

The control can be done automatically via GPS signals. For possible special operations, depending on the intended use of the vehicle, this limit should be switched off.

Another task of the flight computer is to keep the vehicle by appropriate rotational speed fine adjustments of the rotors in principle in the horizontal. Due to the mercury switch or level indicator, there are no special technical or program-related requirements.

By a low center of gravity far below the rotor axes a very stable position is guaranteed anyway and there should be no manual intervention options different rotor speeds, a computer can do better and error-free, which human error can be excluded with possible crash consequences.

When returning to the road / landing, some flight computer tasks are reversed, resp. will be added.

Again the precaution and consideration of the driver provided the vehicle with the joystick height adjustment z. B. be brought back onto the road in a sufficiently large vehicle gap.

This is at a sufficient height above the road, z. B. 5 m, the same on the road driven speed (according to GPS signals) to take.

After this adjustment, the vehicle can be lowered again by means of a joystick and the computer switches on the drive circuit for the chassis and brings the wheels to a speed required for the respective speed, for which the four-wheel drive proves to be optimal. Control again by GPS signal.

As soon as all 4 wheels are in place, all propellers and the rotors are switched off and the propulsion unit is returned to the horizontal position. Thereafter, the flight computer turns off automatically and the drive is continued as a normal car. The onset of the wheels before landing not only ensures an uninterrupted flow of traffic, but at the same time avoids any tire wear, as can still be observed with landing aircraft today.

Furthermore, the flight computer monitors the fuel level gauge and can not be switched to flight mode if less than 15 ltr. Fuel is in the tank. The tank itself has due to the low fuel consumption of the engine with 50 ltr. a sufficient capacity.

On optical control elements for flight operation, the respective rotors and propellers are displayed, in the state colors red for OFF and green for ON.

Also, with the shutdown of the hydraulic or electric drive circuit simultaneously the flying position lanterns are turned on (prior art for small / sport aircraft).

Furthermore, over 6 bar displays the respective positions of the joystick for preventive information for the driver.

The speed in the air is displayed via a pressure gauge on the same speedometer as for the road operation.

A high-quality navigation device with the appropriate outlets for the required data (altitude, speed, destination input for automatic control) is not an extra here, but design basis.

If there are no suitable joysticks on the market, especially for the rotor control, a second stick for the functional levels up / down / zero can be installed without affecting the one-hand operation.

The vehicle idle weight is estimated at 680 kg, the payload is about 260 kg, more detailed calculations are reserved.

With this invention, an old human dream, to be able to move equally over land, air and water, finally realize.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

All-round lightweight frame

2

Rotor casing / Tunnel

3

Siding

4

Rotors with central drive motor

5

Driver and passenger seat

6

Acrylic glass domes

7

Connection tunnel between both acrylic glass domes

8th

Center console for engine and its ancillaries

9

Propelling propeller in hinged installation unit

10

vehicle wheels

11

steering wheel

12

Fixed front propeller

13

Rear vehicle lighting for road operation

14

Vehicle lighting front for road operation

15

Official mark

Claims (20)

"Aircraft" MACRON (as an abbreviation of the Latin name Macronyx for a pterosaur genus), characterized in that it is both fully on the road to drive as a conventional car and also has unrestricted flying ability. "Flugauto" MACRON, characterized in that a realization primarily by the low weight of my engine inventions (protected as a utility model under the Reg.-Nos. 20 2011 109 044.6 and 20 2012 006 098.8) is possible. "Flugauto" MACRON, characterized in that the drive for the road and flight operation can be done both by electric or hydraulic motors, since the main engine is optional as a hydraulic pressure or electricity supplier. "Flying car" MACRON, characterized in that it can change from the flowing traffic from the road into the flight mode and vice versa. "Aircraft" MACRON, characterized in that it does not require a runway in or out of the flight mode. "Aircraft" MACRON, characterized in that it is built for its suitability for air from aluminum, CFRP or other lightweight materials. "Flugauto" MACRON, characterized in that it is built for flight operations as a vertical starter by two horizontal rotors. Here is a rotor in the front and a rotor in the rear. The diameter of the rotors is variable, is here for the example calculations each 190 cm, the direction of rotation of the rotors in opposite directions to exclude any yawing moments. They only serve to get on and off the Macron and are not involved in the propulsion. "Flying car" MACRON, characterized in that the rotors are in a sheath / tunnel, here about 20 cm high, but basically variable. Thus, both a noise reduction is achieved as well as an increase in performance, wherein a covering of the rotors is carried out with a metal grid in order to avoid a possible sucking in birds. "Flugauto" MACRON, characterized in that for propulsion in flight a propeller unit of 2 propellers is folded up in the rear of the Macron hydraulically in the vertical. Other positions are also possible, such. B. at the front or immediately behind the passenger pulp plexi or similar material. The diameter of the propellers is here for the example calculations 90 cm, but is basically variable and also provided with a metal grid cover. "Flugauto" MACRON, characterized in that the speed of the propulsion propeller for the direction change respectively. Steering maneuver can be varied up to the reverse flight by reversing the direction of rotation. This regulation takes place via the flight computer by appropriate signals from the joystick position, the only necessary control for flight operations. "Aircraft" MACRON, characterized in that the flight computer, upon sensory detection of an obstacle on its course (eg another vehicle, a tower, a wind turbine, etc.) automatically performs an evasive maneuver or last-minute maneuver to avoid collisions , "Flugauto" MACRON, characterized in that there are two additional fixed and covered with metal mesh propeller on its front. Only here for the sample calculations with 50 cm diameter, but basically variable. They have the task to support changes of direction, as under point 11 listed maneuvers up to the direction reversal. They also help propel down faster and reduce aerodynamic drag on the front of the Macron. "Flugauto" MACRON, characterized in that its entire control for the flight operation via a so-called joystick takes place with central zero position, stick up = rise, stick down press = descend, stick forward = faster, stick backwards = backwards, Stick to the left = direction of travel to the left, stick to the right = direction of travel to the right. The entire operation is thus one-handed on the center console, in which at the same time the main drive motor is located. "Flugauto" MACRON, characterized in that the change from road operation to the flight operation by means of a simple ON / OFF switch takes place, which is automatically turned off computer after landing. Its activation automatically causes the processes: start-up of the rotors and at the same time folding the propulsion unit into the vertical in order to lift the vehicle off the road as quickly as possible, to switch off the driving mode and to switch on the flying lights when leaving all wheels off the road. The driving propellers are then activated by the driver via joystick, as described in more detail in section 13. "Flying car" MACRON, characterized in that the flight computer automatically keeps the vehicle at any altitude by fine control of the rotors in the horizontal. Manual intervention by the driver is not possible to avoid human error. "Aircraft" MACRON, characterized in that the flight computer when landing the vehicle first stops at a height of 5 m above the road and brings by GPS evaluation on the speed traveled on the road. Then the further descent begins, at which then takes place at a height of 2 m, the gearshift to the effect that all 4 wheels are brought to the appropriate speed / speed. This results in a definitely "smooth" landing and touching all 4 wheels of the ground, the rotors, the propulsion propeller and the flying lights are turned off, the propulsion unit hydraulically folded into the horizontal and then the flight computer turns off automatically, it then prevails the usual road mode Cars according to the prior art. "Flugauto" MACRON, characterized in that an activation of the flight computer in the flight mode for security reasons not is possible if the tank contents indicator is below 15 ltr. Indicates fuel supply. "Flugauto" MACRON, characterized in that bar displays the respective positions of the joystick to inform the driver are displayed, as well as other displays the respective altitude and position. "Aircraft" MACRON, characterized in that the airspeed is displayed on the normal Fahrachometer on appropriate devices / measuring sensors (eg, pressure gauge / GPS navigation device, etc.). "Aircraft" MACRON, characterized in that a high-quality GPS navigation device with outputs for the data altitude, speed, destination input for an automatic control, etc. unconditional design object.

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