Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
  • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
  • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
  • B22D11/1206—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for plastic shaping of strands
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
  • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
  • B22D11/128—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
  • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
  • B22D11/128—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
  • B22D11/1282—Vertical casting and curving the cast stock to the horizontal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
  • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
  • B22D11/128—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
  • B22D11/1287—Rolls; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use

Definitions

• the invention relates to a strand guide roller unit for guiding a metallic strand in a continuous casting machine, comprising a strand strand roll which can be raised against the strand, a roll support, an adjustment device and a crosshead, wherein the individually engageable strand guide roll with the roll support and the adjusting device at one end adjoin the strand Roller carrier and the other end is connected to the crosshead.
• a metallic melt is fed to a cooled mold, solidified therein at least in the edge zone and usually continuously - already in the form of a strand - fed from the mold to a strand guide of the continuous casting machine downstream of the mold and conveyed through the strand guide ,
• the strand guide usually has a plurality of strand guide segments with strand guiding rollers. At least some of these strand guide rollers are usually to several or individually by means of an adjusting device against the strand anstell- or pressed.
• an adjusting device against the strand anstell- or pressed.
• a strand guide segment with cassette-like arranged strand guide roller units is known.
• Each strand guide roller unit has an individually engageable strand guide roller, a crosshead, a roller carrier and an adjusting device, wherein the adjusting device is connected to the crosshead and to the roller carrier in a rotationally movable manner by means of rotary joints.
• This object is achieved by a Strangbowungsrollenhow of the aforementioned type, in which according to the invention the adjusting device is connected by means of at least one bearing translationally and rotationally rotatably movable with the crosshead or with the roller carrier.
• the invention is based on the consideration that a sufficiently movable mounting of the adjusting device on the crosshead and / or on the roller carrier, in particular for avoiding an undesired transverse force and / or a moment effect on the adjusting device, is necessary.
• the invention is further based on the recognition that the usual rotationally movable connection of the adjusting device with the crosshead and with the roller carrier, in particular by means of hinges arranged on either side of the adjusting device, can be disadvantageous.
• this connection which is pivotal on both sides, or mounting can be associated with increased design complexity.
• the equipment of the crosshead and the roller carrier each with at least one bearing element required for the pivotal connection - for example a transverse bore for receiving a bolt, a bearing seat or the like - can impair the mechanical properties of the strand guide roller unit.
• connection which is pivotal on both sides, can require a flexible tubing for supplying an active medium, for example a hydraulic fluid or the like, for adjusting the rotational movement.
• an active medium for example a hydraulic fluid or the like
• Such flexible, flexible hoses can, in particular especially under the environmental conditions prevailing in continuous casting, are easily damaged. As a result, leakage of the active medium from the hose may occur, resulting in undesirable contact of the strand with the active medium and ultimately a fire hazard.
• the invention enables a sufficiently movable mounting of the adjusting device. An undesirable transverse force and / or a moment effect on the adjusting device is thereby avoided. It is sufficient if the adjusting device is connected to either the crosshead or the roller carrier mounted in such a way. On a both sides rotatory movable connection of the adjusting device by means of hinges can therefore - overcoming the aforementioned disadvantages - be dispensed with.
• adjustable against the strand can mean that the strand guiding roller can be displaced, adjusted or delivered in order to apply a force to the strand in the direction of the strand
• the displacement and the displacement can be effected along an adjustment direction
• the adjustment direction can be a direction along a direction of action of the adjustment device, in particular a direction along a stroke direction of a hydraulic cylinder or the like
• the adjustment direction may be a direction transverse to a casting or a conveying direction of the strand through a strand guide segment.
• the adjusting device can then be connected in translation translationally by means of the storage, when the adjusting device relative to the means of her
• the storage connected component can perform a defined by a structural element direction and magnitude translational relative movement.
• the adjusting device can then be connected in a rotationally movable manner by means of the mounting, if the adjusting device can execute a rotational relative movement defined by direction and magnitude with respect to the component connected to it by means of the bearing.
• the adjusting device is translationally and rotationally fixed to the not connected by the storage crosshead or connected to the not connected by the storage roller carrier.
• the adjusting device is advantageously fixed translationally and rotationally at its end opposite the bearing, ie either at the crosshead or at the roller carrier, for example by means of a screw connection and / or a welded connection.
• the adjusting device can at one end be connected in a translationally and rotationally moveable manner with the roller carrier by means of the bearing, and at the other end the adjusting device can be connected in a translatory and rotationally fixed manner to the crosshead.
• the adjusting device can at one end be translationally and rotationally movably connected by means of the bearing with the crosshead and at the other end the adjusting device can be connected in a translatory and rotationally fixed manner to the roller carrier.
• connection By such a connection can be dispensed with a flexible flexible tubing between the crosshead and the adjusting device or between the roller carrier and the adjusting device for agent supply.
• structurally complex, space-consuming and the mechanical properties of the strand guide roller unit impairing bearing elements are avoided or reduced in number.
• an advantageously constructed strand guide roller unit is achieved.
• such a strand guide roller unit can be achieved with a comparatively reduced height and with reduced mass.
• the adjusting device can then be connected in a translationally fixed manner to a component if a translatory relative movement of the adjusting device and of the component relative to one another - as would be made possible, for example, by a guide, a slide rail or the like - is prevented by a constructive element.
• a translational relative movement due to an elastic deformation must or can not be prevented of course.
• the adjusting device can then be rotatably fixedly connected to a component, if a rotational relative movement of the adjusting device and the component against each other - as would be possible, for example, by a rotary joint, a linkage or the like - is prevented by a constructive element.
• a rotational relative movement as a result of an elastic deflection, an elastic shear deformation or the like need not of course be prevented.
• the bearing has a translational degree of freedom in the axial direction of the individually engageable strand guide roller.
• a translational degree of freedom can be understood to mean a kinematic possibility of movement along a direction predetermined by a constructive element. Due to the translatory degree of freedom of storage, a relative mobility of the adjusting device to the crosshead or the roller carrier - depending on whether the adjustment by means of storage with the Crosshead or connected to the roller carrier - can be achieved. In this way, it is possible to minimize the transmission of undesired transverse forces-which can lead to a jamming of the roller carrier in the course of a strand guide segment and / or to an impairment of the adjusting device-to the adjusting device.
• the bearing has a translationally movable sliding guide.
• the sliding guide is a linear sliding guide for
• the sliding guide has at least one sliding strip. It is advantageous if the sliding strip is arranged on the roller carrier or on the crosshead.
• the sliding guide has at least one sliding block, which is guided on the sliding strip, preferably between two sliding strips.
• the bearing has a rotational degree of freedom about an axis parallel to the strand longitudinal axis of rotation.
• the strand longitudinal direction can be the direction along which the strand can be guided by a tangential rolling of the strand guide roll in the continuous casting machine or its strand guide.
• a rotational degree of freedom can be understood to mean a kinematic possibility of movement about an axis of rotation predetermined by a constructive element. Due to the rotational degree of freedom of the bearing, a relative rotational mobility of the adjusting device to the crosshead or roller carrier - depending on whether the adjusting device means of storage with the crosshead or with the Roller carrier is connected - can be achieved. In this way, a transmission of an undesired torque - which can lead to a jamming of the roller carrier in the frame and / or to an impairment of the adjusting device - can be avoided on the adjusting device.
• the bearing has a rotationally movable bolt connection.
• Bolt connections have been tested many times, cost-effectively dimensioned using simple design rules, with conventional tools easily detachable and low maintenance.
• an advantageous construction of the strand guide roller unit can be achieved by this bolt connection.
• the adjusting device has a screw flange for screwing to the crosshead or to the roller carrier. SSflanschriven are tested many times and constructively dimensioned with little effort, so that an advantageous and alswandsgüns- term construction of the strand guide element can be achieved.
• the screw flange connection has at least one releasable connection means.
• the connecting means may be a screw, a nut, a threaded bolt or the like.
• the adjusting device has a bolt eye for bolting to the roller carrier or to the crosshead. It is expedient if the bolt eye and the screw flange are arranged at opposite ends of the adjusting device. Under a bolt eye can be understood a transverse bore for receiving a bolt. In this way, it is possible to achieve a particularly advantageous connection of the adjusting device with the crosshead or the roller carrier, which can be produced and released by simple means, and thus an advantageous construction of the strand guide roller unit. It is advantageous if the adjusting device is connected by means of the bearing with the roller carrier. In this case, it is expedient if the adjusting device is connected in a translatory and rotationally fixed manner to the crosshead.
• the adjusting device is a pressure medium cylinder.
• the adjusting device is a hydraulic cylinder.
• each individually adjustable strand guide roller is assigned two pressure medium cylinders, in particular two hydraulic cylinders, and connected to the roller carrier.
• a non-synchronous control of the two pressure medium cylinders with consequently uneven adjustment forces and / or adjustment paths, unequal leverage effect of the adjusting devices on the roller carrier or the like can or can cause an undesired tilting moment on the roller carrier. Consequently, tilting of the roller carrier in the strand guide, more precisely in a strand guide segment or its frame, can occur.
• the aforementioned translationally and rotationally movable connection between the adjusting device and the roller carrier is therefore particularly advantageous. geous. It is advantageous if each pressure medium cylinder is assigned a respective storage.
• the strand guiding segment has a pipe, which is fastened to the crosshead and to the adjusting device, for supplying a pressure medium to the adjusting device.
• a pipe Under a pipeline can be understood - in contrast to a hose - substantially rigid line for guiding an active medium.
• the individually engageable strand guide roller is at least one position monitoring device for monitoring a position of the strand guide roller, for example based on a volumetric flow measurement, and / or a displacement measuring device for measuring a setting position of the strand guide roller, in particular along its adjustment direction, assigned.
• the displacement measuring device is arranged structurally separated from the adjusting device between the crosshead and the roller carrier.
• "Structurally separate” may mean that the displacement measuring device is designed as a non-integral component of the adjusting device, for example outside the hydraulic cylinder. ⁇ br/> ⁇ br/>
• Such an "external" arrangement can achieve improved accessibility, for example for maintenance purposes, of the displacement measuring device. A disassembly of the adjusting device to the To be able to reach the path measuring device can be avoided in this way.
• the displacement measuring device is attached at one end to the crosshead and at the other end to the roller carrier. In this way it can be avoided by simple means that a possible bearing clearance of the storage is detected by the path measuring device and thus the distance measurement is impaired.
• the displacement measuring device has a magnetostrictive displacement transducer.
• Known magnetotrictive transducers are largely insensitive to environmental influences such as temperature, vibration and soiling and thus particularly suitable for use under the operating conditions of a continuous casting machine.
• the displacement measuring device has a protective housing.
• the displacement measuring device has a forming tube attached to the roller carrier and a bellows arranged between the protective cover and the forming tube.
• the protective housing in particular a cavity formed by the protective housing, is acted upon by a protective medium for receiving the displacement transducer.
• the protective medium is a pressurized gas, for example compressed air, which counteracts the introduction of dirt or dust particles into the interior of the protective housing. In this way, a particularly robust and low-maintenance displacement measuring device can be achieved.
• the invention is directed to a strand guiding segment for a strand guide of a continuous casting machine.
• the strand guide segment has at least one strand guide roller unit according to one of claims 1 to 13.
• the crosshead of the strand guide roller unit is detachably connected to a frame of the strand guide segment.
• the roller carrier of the strand guide roller unit is supported transversely to the adjustment direction, in particular by means of guide rails, on the frame of the strand guide segment.
• the guide rails can be designed as slide bearings, in particular as linear sliding bearings.
• a further strand guide roller is supported axially rotatably on the frame of the strand guide segment. Furthermore, it is advantageous if a plurality, for example, five to ten, strand guide roller units are arranged one behind the other in cassettes in the strand longitudinal direction as part of the strand guiding segment. Due to the cassettes arrangement of
• Strand guide roller units in the context of the strand guiding segment is a particularly simple assembly, disassembly and maintainability of the strand guide roller units or the
• the invention is directed to a strand guide for a continuous casting machine.
• the strand guide has at least one strand guide segment according to claim 14. It is expedient if a plurality of strand guide segments are arranged one behind the other in the strand longitudinal direction in the strand guide of the continuous casting machine.
• the strand guide segments are individually assembled and disassembled. so a particularly cost-effective maintenance and adaptable strand guide is achieved.
• FIG 1 shows a schematic representation of a continuous casting machine with a strand guide or strand guiding segments
• FIG 2 a detail detail of the strand guide
• FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the strand guide 2 with a plurality of strand guide rail units, a perspective view of one of the strand guide roller units of the strand guide segment of FIG. 3, a perspective view of a further strand guide roller unit, a perspective sectional view of a
• the continuous casting machine 2 has a ladle turret 4, a mold 6 and a strand guide 8 with several
• the continuous casting machine is located in a hall, which is supported on a foundation via a hall frame with several steel beams 12.
• the continuous casting machine 2 is supported on a support structure 14.
• the mold 6 is supplied with liquid steel via the ladle turret 4.
• the liquid steel is solidified at least in one edge zone and fed continuously - already in a partially solid strand form - from the mold 6 of the strand guide 8 of the continuous casting machine 2 and conveyed through it.
• FIG. 2 shows a fragmentary detail of the strand guide 8 from FIG. 1.
• the illustration shows the strand guide segments 10j, 10k and 101.
• the strand guide segments 10j and 10k are designed as so-called 4-axis segments.
• the strand guide segment 101 is designed in a cassette construction with a single role employment.
• a plurality, more precisely seven, essentially identical strand guide roller units 33 are arranged in a strand longitudinal direction L one after the other in the strand guide segment 101 in a strand longitudinal direction L. It is of course also conceivable and advantageous to perform all the strand guide segments of the strand guide 8 in cassette construction with Einzelrollenan ein.
• FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the strand guiding segment 101 from FIG. 2.
• the strand guiding segment 101 has a frame 16 which is joined by an upper frame 18, a lower frame 20 and a lateral supporting frame 22.
• the sub-frame 20 are associated with a plurality of strand guide rollers 24, which are designed as non-displaceable - ie immovable in the radial direction - strand guide rollers 24.
• Each of the radially immovable strand guide rollers 24 is rotatably supported by means of four bearings 42 on the subframe 20 about its longitudinal axis.
• Each of the individually engageable strand guide rollers 26 is assigned a respective roller carrier 28, at least one adjusting device 30 and a crosshead 32.
• Each of the individually arrangeable strand guide rollers 26 is axially rotatably supported by means of four bearings 40 on the roller carrier 28 assigned to it.
• Each roller carrier 28 is at its
• Each crosshead 32 is detachably connected to the upper frame 18.
• the strand guide segment 101 has seven such strand guide roller units 33, which are essentially identical in construction.
• the adjusting devices 30 are designed as pressure medium cylinders 34, more precisely as hydraulic cylinders. Furthermore, a respective pipe 36 is attached to each crosshead 32 and to each adjusting device 30 for supplying a pressure medium to each adjusting device 30.
• Each of the individually engageable strand guide rollers 26 is at least one path measuring device 38 - in the present embodiment, there are two - assigned to measure a Anstell- position of the respective strand guide roller 26.
• the displacement measuring device 38 is structurally separated from the adjusting device 30 - that is arranged outside of the pressure medium cylinder 34 - between a crosshead 32 and a roller carrier 28.
• the strand By means of individually engageable in the adjustment direction V to the strand strand guide rollers 26, the strand can be metallurgically treated according to a specification and thus influenced in its properties. For example, by adjusting the strand guide rollers 26 in the adjustment direction V, a linear and / or non-linear progression over the length of the strand along the length of the strand along the length of the strand can be achieved.
• direction L are caused by the strand guide segment 101 moving strand.
• a pressure medium is supplied to the respective pressure medium cylinders 34 via its associated pipe 36 and a stroke, ie an extension or retraction, the pressure medium cylinder 34 causes.
• the stroke of the pressure medium cylinder 34 in the adjustment direction V imparts a shift to the roller carrier 28 assigned to the strand guide roller 26 and to the strand guide roller 26.
• the roller carrier 28 is slidably guided in the lateral support frame 22 and supported in the axial direction A of the strand guide rollers 26, wherein the strand-guiding roller 26 is made to the strand.
• a reaction force acting counter to the adjustment direction V and impressing the strand guide roller 26 is ultimately diverted via the roller carrier 28, the pressure medium cylinder 34 and the crosshead 32 into the frame 16 of the strand guide segment 101 and further into the support structure 14 of the continuous casting machine 2 (see FIG. 1) - tet.
• FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a strand guide roller unit 33 from FIG.
• the adjusting device is connected in a translational and rotationally moveable manner to the roller carrier 28 by means of two bearings 43 (details see FIG. 6). It is also possible for the adjusting device 30 to be connected in a translatory and rotationally movable manner to the crosshead 32 by means of at least one mounting 43. That In general, the adjusting device 30 can be connected to the crosshead 32 or to the roller carrier 28 in a translationally and rotationally movable manner by means of at least one mounting 43.
• the adjusting device 30 is translationally and rotatably fixed - in simple terms "rigid” or “rotationally fixed” - connected to the not connected by means of the bearing 43 crosshead 32.
• the crosshead 32 By dispensing with an articulation of the adjusting device 30 or the pressure medium cylinder 34 on the crosshead 32, for example by means of a rotary joint, a bearing or the like, a particularly favorable power flow and a comparatively low overall height of the crosshead 32 can be achieved. It is also achieved that the crosshead 32 has a comparatively lower deflection under a load caused by the pressure medium cylinders 34, which can have a positive effect on the achievable properties of the strand.
• the adjusting device 30 would be connected by means of the bearings 43 with the crosshead 32 - that the adjusting device 30 is fixed translationally and rotatably fixed to the not connected by the bearing 43 roller carrier 28.
• the crosshead 32 is connected to the upper frame 18 and connected (see FIG 3).
• the individually engageable strand guide roller 26 is connected to the roller carrier 28 and the adjusting devices 30 at one end to the crosshead 32 and at the other end to the roller carrier 28.
• the crosshead has two screw flanges 44 for screwing to the adjusting device 30 or in each case one of the pressure medium cylinder 34.
• Each pressure medium cylinder 34 has a screw 46 for screwing to the crosshead 32.
• Screw flanges 46 of the pressure medium cylinders 34 are joined in pairs by means of connecting means 50 to a respective screw flange connection 48.
• the displacement measuring devices 38 are each attached to the crosshead 32 at one end and to the roller carrier 28 at the other end. In this way, a particularly precise distance measurement can be achieved because a possible bearing or connection play at the junctions between the pressure medium cylinders 34 and the crosshead 32 and the roller carrier 28 is not detected, but as for example in a built-in pressure medium cylinder displacement measuring the Case would be.
• FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a further, alternative strand guide roller unit 33a.
• the individually engageable rod guide roller 26 is assigned exactly one pressure medium cylinder 34 which is arranged in the axial direction A in the middle of the strand guide roller 26 and in the adjustment direction V between the crosshead 32a and the roller carrier 28a.
• the pressure medium cylinder 34 has a cylinder housing 52 and a sliding in the adjustment direction V cylinder piston 54. At one end, the pressure medium cylinder 34 - as described above - connected by means of the screw flange 46 and the connecting means 50 with the screw flange 44 of the crosshead 32 in a translatory and rotational fixed.
• the adjusting device 30 or the pressure medium cylinder 34 is connected to the roller carrier 28 in a translatory and rotationally movable manner by means of the bearing 43.
• the bearing 43 has a translational degree of freedom FT in the axial direction A of the strand guide roller 26, so that the adjusting device 30 is mounted in the axial direction by means of a translationally movable sliding guide 56 slidably mounted with the roller carrier 28.
• the bearing 43 has a rotational degree of freedom FR about an axis parallel to the longitudinal direction L rotational axis D, so that the adjusting device 30 and the pressure medium cylinder 34 is rotatably mounted by means of a rotatably movable pin connection 58 about the rotation axis D rotatably connected to the roller carrier 28.
• the cylinder piston 54 has a piston extension 60 with a bolt eye 62, the bolt eye 62 being designed as a circular-cylindrical bore for receiving a circular cylindrical bolt surface 64 of a bolt 66.
• the sliding guide 56 is formed of pairwise in the adjustment direction V opposite slide strips 68 and two each formed as a sliding block 70 front ends of the bolt 66.
• FIG. 7 shows a perspective sectional view of the path measuring device 38 of the strand guide roller unit 33 from FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.
• the displacement measuring device 38 has a magnetostrictive displacement transducer 72, which is sufficiently insensitive to environmental influences such as temperature, vibrations and fouling. tion and thus in a special way for use under the operating conditions of the continuous casting machine 2 is suitable.
• the magnetostrictive displacement transducer 72 has a waveguide 74, a signal converter 76 and a magnet 78, which is designed as a ring magnet.
• the relative arrangement of the waveguide 74 and the magnet 78 is prepared to perform a relative displacement between the crosshead 32 and the roller carrier 28 - as may occur in particular by a displacement of the slide 56 transversely to the adjustment V - without damage.
• the displacement measuring device 38 has a protective housing 80 with a molded tube attached to the roller carrier 28, a protective cover 84 attached to the crosshead 32, and a bellows 86 arranged between the forming tube 82 and the protective cover 84.
• a formed by the protective housing 80 cavity 90 for receiving the transducer 72 and the waveguide 74 is acted upon by a protective medium 92.
• the protective medium 92 is a pressurized gas - in the present embodiment compressed air - which is an introduction of
• the displacement measuring device 38 is structurally separated from the adjusting device 30 (see FIGS. 3 to 5) between the crosshead 32 and the roller carrier 28. "Separated by construction” means that the displacement measuring device 38 is formed as a non-integral component of the adjusting device 30, ie outside and separate from the pressure medium cylinder 34. Such an "external" arrangement of the displacement measuring device 38 can achieve improved accessibility for maintenance purposes. Disassembly of the adjusting device 30 (see FIG. 3 and FIG. 4) in order to be able to reach the path measuring device 38 is thus avoided.
• the displacement measuring device is fastened with connecting means 88 at one end to the crosshead 32 and at the other end to the roller carrier 28.

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• Continuous Casting (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-10-28 AT ATA50774/2014A patent/AT516412B1/de active
• 2015
  • 2015-09-23 WO PCT/EP2015/071847 patent/WO2016066337A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2015-09-23 CN CN201580059307.1A patent/CN107107176B/zh active Active
  • 2015-09-23 RU RU2017118146A patent/RU2675412C2/ru active
  • 2015-09-23 KR KR1020177013329A patent/KR102348004B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2015-09-23 EP EP15777636.0A patent/EP3212351B1/de active Active

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