WO2016065777A1 - 腔道内容物中微生物分离装置 - Google Patents

腔道内容物中微生物分离装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016065777A1
WO2016065777A1 PCT/CN2015/073084 CN2015073084W WO2016065777A1 WO 2016065777 A1 WO2016065777 A1 WO 2016065777A1 CN 2015073084 W CN2015073084 W CN 2015073084W WO 2016065777 A1 WO2016065777 A1 WO 2016065777A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid
bottle
tank
odor
outlet
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PCT/CN2015/073084
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张发明
赵友全
王慧泉
崔伯塔
李潘
季国忠
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南京法迈特科技发展有限公司
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Priority to US15/523,645 priority Critical patent/US11028360B2/en
Publication of WO2016065777A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016065777A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
    • C12M47/04—Cell isolation or sorting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C12M33/08—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus by vibration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C12M33/14—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus with filters, sieves or membranes

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and in particular relates to a microorganism separation device in a cavity content.
  • the contents of the human gastrointestinal tract include food residues, flora, parasite eggs and other various components, body fluid components produced by the intestinal secretion, foreign bodies and liquids entering the cavity for various reasons, and endoscopy. Finely divided tumor tissue that is excised but not easily removed directly. In the clinical and research process, to distinguish and obtain these components of interest, only rely on effective equipment to assist separation. The following is an example of the clinical background of preparing a fecal bacterial carrier solution and collecting a large amount of fecal eggs, and briefly describes the importance of the collection of the components of the human body cavity contents.
  • the flora in the normal human gut is already considered to be a special organ in the human body, and the fecal transplant is considered to be a special organ transplant.
  • modern medicine has increasingly recognized the important role of intestinal bacteria in the human body, and has maintained or reconstructed the normal intestinal flora as an important treatment for various diseases.
  • Commonly used probiotics drugs and foods are only one or several bacteria in the intestine, which are specially cultured in vitro and then packaged according to a certain amount. However, because the number and type of bacteria incorporated into the human gut are very limited, their therapeutic value is also limited.
  • fecal bacteria transplantation has gradually gained attention, especially for infection-related diseases that are not effective in the treatment of drugs such as antibiotics.
  • the therapeutic value is particularly important, such as treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, refractory inflammatory bowel disease, and difficulty. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, immune-related refractory diarrhea, obesity, food allergy, intestinal symptoms of depression, fatty liver and so on.
  • Finding intestinal eggs is the gold standard for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic diseases.
  • Parasitic diseases in western developed countries have been rare, and the clinical need to collect eggs has not been prominent.
  • parasitic diseases are still common in areas such as China, Southeast Asia, and Africa.
  • the classic method for finding eggs is to prepare a smear with a very small amount of feces, and then look for eggs under the microscope. Such an examination method has a low positive detection rate and is likely to cause missed diagnosis of parasitic infection.
  • Another clinical need is for endoscopically pumped gastrointestinal fluids for testing.
  • the main purpose is to obtain liquid components.
  • various solid components such as food residues are inevitably mixed during the aspiration process;
  • the pumped bladder fluid is used for laboratory tests.
  • the main purpose is to obtain the liquid and the exfoliated cells, etc., but the solid components such as large stones such as stones in the urine may be mixed during the pumping process;
  • the tracheal endocrine fluid and the lavage fluid are mainly used to obtain a liquid and a formed component such as exfoliated cells, but in which a prominent tissue block and a thick sputum are mixed. Filters that remove debris are important for the quality and quantity of liquid collection.
  • This clinical need can be met in the above instruments for fecal fluid collection.
  • an instrument for recovering target components of human body cavity contents in vitro is designed and widely used in various clinical needs.
  • the object of the invention can be achieved by the following measures:
  • a microbial separation device in a channel content comprising:
  • the original tank is provided with a liquid adding port and an odor outlet, and a stirring device is arranged inside the original tank, and a discharging port is provided at a lower portion or a bottom portion of the original tank, and the discharging port and the inlet of the grading filter device are Connected; and
  • a grading filter device is provided with a material inlet and a material outlet, the grading filter device material inlet is connected to the original tank discharge port, and the grading filter device is mainly composed of one or more grading filter bottles, the grading filter bottle Both ends There are respectively a feeding port and a discharging port, and at least one filter screen is arranged in the grading filter bottle; when the grading filter device comprises a plurality of grading filter bottles, the grading filter bottles are mixed in series, parallel or series and parallel Connecting; a part or all of the grading filter device is provided in the vibration device capable of shaking, shaking or fluctuating the liquid in the grading filter bottle;
  • a liquid storage tank which is provided with a liquid outlet, and the liquid inlet is connected with the liquid inlet of the original tank through a liquid addition pipeline, or the liquid outlet is simultaneously filled with the original tank and at least one step filtration
  • the feed port of the bottle is connected through a liquid addition pipe (to achieve multi-stage dosing), and a liquid addition drive device is provided on the liquid addition pipe and/or a water supply device for discharging water in the liquid storage tank;
  • a separator tank which is of a closed type, and has a odor outlet and a material inlet connected to the material outlet of the grading filter device at a top or an upper portion of the separation tank, and a bacterial liquid outlet is provided at a bottom or a lower portion of the separation tank; as well as
  • the dispensing device is composed of at least one sub-bottle, the top of the sub-bottle is provided with a bacterial liquid inlet and a bacterial liquid outlet, and the first sub-bottled bacterial liquid inlet of the dispensing device passes through the bacterial liquid pipeline and the a separator tank liquid outlet is connected, and a bacterial liquid driving device for introducing the bacterial liquid in the separating tank into the bottling bottle is provided on the bacterial liquid pipeline;
  • a deodorizing device which is provided with an odor inlet and an exhaust port, wherein the odor inlet is respectively connected to the original tank odor outlet and the separation tank odor outlet through an odor pipeline, and is disposed on the odor pipeline
  • the buffer bottle in the device is a tank body or a bottle structure in which a gas inlet and a gas outlet are respectively provided at the top or the upper portion, and the number of the buffer bottles is one, two or more.
  • the buffer bottle is a separation deodorization buffer bottle, and the gas inlet of the separation deodorization buffer bottle is connected to the separation tank odor outlet.
  • the outlet of the air pump is connected to the odor inlet of the deodorizing device.
  • odor line between the odorant inlet of the deodorizing device is provided with a gas pump 1 for introducing the odor in the original tank into the deodorizing device; between the odor outlet of the separating tank and the gas inlet of the separating and deodorizing buffer bottle; An odor line on the odor line or between the gas outlet of the deodorizing buffer bottle and the odor inlet of the deodorizing device is provided with a odor introducing the deodorizing device into the deodorizing device and forming a negative pressure in the separating tank. Air pump two.
  • the water in the liquid storage tank is respectively introduced into the original tank and the grading filter bottle by means of a switch with gravity self-flow or by means of a driving driving device to provide driving power; the liquid driving device and the dosing liquid
  • the driving devices are respectively liquid peristaltic pumps; the vibrating devices are mechanical vibration devices or ultrasonic vibration devices.
  • the inlet of the lysing liquid is provided with a bacterial liquid inlet connection short tube, and the sterilized bacterial liquid outlet
  • the bacterial liquid outlet connection short tube is arranged, and the lower opening of the bacterial liquid inlet connecting short tube and the bacterial liquid outlet connecting short tube respectively protrude into the inside of the dispensing bottle.
  • the top or upper part of the separation tank in the device is provided with a bacterial liquid return port; when the dispensing device comprises a partial bottle, the bacterial liquid outlet of the divided bottle and the bacterial liquid return port of the separating tank pass through the return pipe Road phase connection; when the dispensing device comprises a plurality of sub-bottles, each sub-bottle is connected by series, parallel or series-parallel mixing, and the last sub-bottle of the bacterial liquid outlet and the separation tank
  • the bacterial liquid reflux port is connected through a return line.
  • the grading filter device of the device comprises a plurality of grading filter bottles
  • the grading filter bottles are connected by a series connection manner of the discharge port of the previous grading filter bottle and the inlet port of the latter grading filter bottle;
  • each sub-bottle is connected by a series connection of the bacterial liquid outlet of the previous sub-bottle to the bacterial liquid inlet of the latter sub-bottle.
  • the original tank is provided with a channel content feed port or a feed cover; the inside of the original tank is provided with a filter under the stirring device, and the original tank discharge port is located under the filter.
  • the filter bottle is provided with more than one layer (especially two or more layers), and the filter screen is distributed in the filter bottle in a planar, convex, wavy, folded or U-shaped structure;
  • the diameter of the filter holes of each filter in the device gradually decreases in the range of 5.0 mm - 0.001 mm in the direction of water flow.
  • the liquid storage tank is a water storage tank body or a bottle body having at least one opening, or a tank body capable of replacing the original material tank with the same internal structure of the original material tank;
  • the liquid port is respectively connected to the original tank filling port and all or part of the grading filter bottle inlet through the liquid adding pipeline, and the water is added to the original tank and the grading filter bottle by the liquid adding driving device periodically or quantitatively.
  • the deodorizing device includes at least one deodorizing tank capable of removing odor in the gas, the deodorizing tank containing a material or substance capable of deodorizing by physical or chemical means; and the deodorizing apparatus including a plurality of deodorizing means
  • the deodorizing tanks are connected by series, parallel or series-parallel mixing.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the device can realize the automatic filling of the bacterial liquid through the organic combination of the parts, and automatically introduces the next sub-bottle after filling the sub-bottle, which saves manpower and operation steps.
  • the operation precision is improved; the device realizes the dilution and suspension of the fine particles through the grading and adding of the liquid storage tank, reduces the bacterial content in the impurities, improves the collection rate of the bacteria and the purity of the bacterial liquid, and finds that the filter is filtered into the bottle by the experiment.
  • Grading dosing can increase the bacterial extract by at least 5-10%.
  • the whole device and the processing space of the invention have no odor, high processing efficiency, time and labor saving, simple operation, more humanization and good application prospect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing another structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the original can in the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a dispensing bottle in the present invention.
  • the microorganism separation device in the channel contents of the present invention comprises an original tank 1, a staged filtration device, a liquid storage tank 2, a separation tank 4, a dispensing device, and a deodorizing device 8.
  • the upper part or the top part of the original tank 1 is provided with a liquid adding port and an odor outlet, and a stirring device 41 is arranged inside the original tank 1, and a discharging port is provided at a lower part or a bottom part of the original tank, and the discharging port and the grading
  • the inlets of the filter unit are connected.
  • the grading filter device has a material inlet and a material outlet, and the material inlet of the grading filter device communicates with the discharge port of the original tank.
  • the grading filter device is mainly composed of one or more grading filter bottles 3, the two ends of the grading filter bottle are respectively provided with a feed port and a discharge port, and the grading filter bottle 3 is provided with at least one layer of filter screen;
  • each of the grading filter bottles is connected by series, parallel or series-parallel mixing; part or all of the grading filter device is arranged to enable the liquid in the grading filter bottle to shake, sway or fluctuate. Vibration device 12.
  • the liquid storage tank 2 is provided with a liquid outlet, and the liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected with the liquid inlet of the original tank through the liquid adding pipeline 21, or the liquid outlet is simultaneously filled with the original tank and
  • the inlet of at least one of the grading filter bottles 3 is connected via a filling line 21, on which a switch and/or a dosing drive 7 for discharging the water in the reservoir is provided.
  • the separation tank 4 is of a closed type, and the top or upper portion of the separation tank is provided with an odor outlet and a material inlet connected to the material outlet of the grading filter device, and a bottom of the separation tank is provided with a bacterium liquid outlet. .
  • the dispensing device is composed of at least one sub-bottle 5, and the top of the sub-bottle 5 is provided with a bacterial liquid inlet and a bacterial liquid outlet, and the first sub-bottle of the dispensing device passes through the bacterial liquid pipeline
  • the outlet tank liquid outlet is connected to each other, and the bacterial liquid line is provided with a bacterial liquid driving device for introducing the bacterial liquid in the separation tank into the dispensing bottle.
  • the deodorizing device 8 is provided with an odor inlet and an exhaust port, and the odor inlet of the deodorizing device 8 communicates with the original tank odor outlet and the separation tank odor outlet through the odor pipeline 23, respectively, in the odor pipe
  • the road 12 is provided with at least one buffer bottle 10 for buffering and collecting the liquid in the odor, and at least one air pump 13 for introducing the odors in the original tank and the separation tank into the deodorizing device, respectively.
  • the buffer bottle 10 in the device mainly prevents the liquid or the micro-fixation contained in the odor from being directly introduced into the deodorizing device; a buffer bottle can buffer or collect a part of the liquid or the inside in the buffer bottle. If the defect is not present, the buffer bottle may not be included in the entire recovery unit.
  • a common buffer bottle structure is a tank or bottle structure in which a gas inlet and a gas outlet are respectively provided at the top or the upper portion.
  • the number of buffer bottles can be one, two or more (more of this includes more than two). As shown in FIG.
  • the buffer bottle 10 in the case of using only one buffer bottle, can be directly disposed before the deodorizing device 8, that is, the gas outlet of the buffer bottle 10 passes through the odor inlet of the deodorizing device 8, or
  • the gas outlet of the buffer bottle 8 is connected to the odor inlet of the deodorizing device 8 through a line and an air pump 13.
  • the buffer bottle can be set to two or more. As shown in FIG. 1, in one embodiment, there are at least two buffer bottles on the odor pipeline, one of which is a liquid-absorbent deodorizing buffer bottle 11, and the gas inlet of the liquid-absorbent deodorizing buffer bottle 11 is odorized with the original tank.
  • the gas outlet is connected through a pipeline or through a pipeline and an air pump; the other buffer bottle is a separation deodorization buffer bottle 14, the gas inlet of the separation deodorization buffer bottle 14 and the separation tank odor outlet through the pipeline or through the pipeline Connected to the air pump.
  • Other buffer bottles may be added to the deodorizing line 23 as needed.
  • a negative pressure is also formed in the sealed separator tank 4, and the negative pressure is
  • the liquid or suspension in the original tank 1 is introduced into the separation tank 4 through a grading filter device to provide power. It can also form a small amount of negative pressure in the unsealed original tank 1, so that the odor is all introduced into the deodorizing device without causing the odor to diffuse directly into the surrounding environment through the original tank.
  • the outlet of the air pump 13 is directly connected to the odor inlet of the deodorizing device 8; the air pump in the device can also be disposed at the air outlet of the deodorizing device. .
  • the air pump can be set to two or more. As shown in Fig. 1, in one embodiment, there are at least two air pumps, one of which is disposed on the odor line 23 between the odor outlet of the original tank 1 and the gas inlet of the liquid absorbing and deodorizing buffer bottle 11. Or it is provided in the odor line 23 between the gas outlet of the liquid absorption deodorizing buffer bottle 11 and the odor inlet of the deodorizing device 8, which introduces the odor in the original tank 1 into the deodorizing device 8.
  • Another air pump 2 is disposed between the separation tank odor outlet and the odor line 23 between the gas inlets of the separation and deodorization buffer bottle 14 or between the gas outlet of the separation deodorization buffer bottle 14 and the odor removal port of the deodorizing device.
  • the air pump introduces the odor in the separation tank into the deodorizing device and forms a negative pressure in the separation tank.
  • the original tank of the device is a device for dispersing the contents of the channel, the soil, the river, the lake or the sludge into a liquid or a suspension, and it can also function as a preliminary filtration by providing a filter.
  • the raw material tank is provided with a feeding port, a feeding cover or other feeding device for the contents of the channel, and the like;
  • the original tank is provided with a stirring device, and the stirring device may be a mechanical stirring device or a magnetic stirring device.
  • the inside of the original tank is provided with a filter screen 42 below the stirring device 41, and the original tank discharge port is located below the filter screen 42.
  • the bottom of the original tank 1 may have a flat structure.
  • the appearance of the original tank may be a drum, a flat barrel, a cube, a rectangular parallelepiped and an irregular shape, and is not sealed.
  • the original canister is upright when in working condition.
  • the liquid storage tank 2 in the apparatus may be a water storage tank body or a bottle body having at least one opening, which is simply used to supply water, physiological saline or other desired liquid; It can be shown that the liquid storage tank can also be the same tank internal structure as the original tank, so that it can be used to supply water or other liquid under normal conditions, when the original tank is unstable or damaged, Can be used directly in place of the original tank.
  • the liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank 2 is connected to the liquid inlet of the original tank 1 through the liquid adding pipeline, or the liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank 2 is respectively connected to the liquid inlet of the original tank 1 and all or part of the classified filter bottle 3 feed inlet.
  • the liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank is simultaneously connected to the original tank filling port and the partial graded filter bottle inlet port to realize the stepwise dosing.
  • the water or liquid in the liquid storage tank 2 can be added to the original tank 1 or the grading filter bottle 3 by means of a switch and gravity self-flow, or can be periodically or quantitatively fed to the original tank by the liquid adding driving device 7, respectively.
  • liquid such as physiological saline
  • adding liquid to all or part of the grading filter bottle according to specific conditions can dilute the material in the grading filter bottle, so that the target flora can more and more easily pass through the sieves of each level, thereby reducing the content of bacteria in the non-filtered impurities. Increase the collection rate of the flora.
  • the liquid addition driving device 7 in the apparatus can employ various liquid driving devices such as liquid peristaltic pumps and the like.
  • the grading filter device in the apparatus may comprise a grading filter bottle 3 or a plurality of (two or more) grading filter bottles 3.
  • the two ends of the grading filter bottle are respectively provided with an inlet port and a discharge port.
  • the inlet port and the discharge port are respectively located at the upper end (ie, top or upper portion) and the lower end of the grading filter bottle. (ie bottom or bottom), or the lower end and upper end of the grading filter bottle; when the grading filter bottle is horizontally set, the inlet and outlet are respectively located at the left or right end of the grading filter bottle.
  • the grading filter device comprises a plurality of grading filter bottles, wherein each of the grading filter bottles can be connected in series, in parallel or in series and parallel; in the scheme of Figures 1 and 2
  • the plurality of grading filter bottles are connected by a series connection manner of the discharge port of the previous grading filter bottle and the inlet port of the latter grading filter bottle.
  • More than one filter screen is provided in the grading filter bottle 3, and in a preferred embodiment, two or more sieves may be provided.
  • the filter screen in the grading filter bottle 3 may be distributed in the bottle in a flat, convex, wavy, folded or U-shaped structure; the shape of the filter mesh may also be an inverted trapezoidal strip groove with an upward opening, an inverted trapezoidal strip shape
  • the surface of the groove is a sieve structure; the upper side of the suspension container is open at one side for horizontal insertion of the inverted trapezoidal groove, and is formed by snapping or spiraling to form a closed structure.
  • This type of filter such as a "drawer"-like structure, can be easily inserted and removed, and can also be provided with a handle.
  • the bottom (or one end) of the grading filter bottle may be a flat surface or a convex curved surface.
  • the diameter of the filter holes of each filter in the grading filter device gradually decreases in the range of 5.0 mm - 0.001 mm in the direction of water flow.
  • This design meets the filter collection target for a specific filter hole diameter. Therefore, when the number of filter bottles in the staged filtration device is reduced, the number of screens in a single filter bottle can be increased accordingly.
  • the inlet port of the grading filter bottle is the material inlet of the grading filter device
  • the discharge port of the grading filter bottle is the material outlet of the grading filter device.
  • All or part of the grading filter bottle 3 in the grading filter device may be disposed on the vibrating device 12, so that the liquid in the grading filter bottle 3 is sufficiently vibrated during filtration to promote the filtering effect; the vibrating device 12 may be a mechanical vibrating device or ultrasonic Vibration device, etc.
  • the separator tank 4 in the apparatus is a closed container for temporarily storing the bacterial liquid obtained by layer filtration.
  • the top or upper portion of the separation tank 4 is provided with an odor outlet, a material inlet and a bacterial liquid return port; the inside of the separation tank 4 is in a negative pressure state via a gas pump, and the liquid is filtered through the layer to be introduced into the separation tank.
  • the dispensing device in the device consists of at least one partial bottling 5.
  • the bacterial liquid outlet of the sub-bottle is connected to the bacterial liquid return port of the separating tank through a return line;
  • each sub-bottle They are connected by series, parallel or series-parallel mixing, and the bacterial liquid outlet of the last divided bottle is connected to the bacterial liquid return port of the separating tank through a return line.
  • This connection allows the bacterial liquid to fill one or more sub-bottles and return excess bacteria liquid through the return line into the separation tank.
  • the bacterial liquid line is provided with a bacterial liquid driving device for introducing the bacterial liquid in the separating tank into the dispensing bottle, and the liquid driving device can be a plurality of conventional liquid driving devices such as a liquid peristaltic pump.
  • the plurality of sub-bottles in the dispensing device can be connected according to specific conditions. In the schemes of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the aliquots of the aliquots are passed through the aliquot of the lysing outlet and the next bottling.
  • the bacterial liquid inlets are connected in series connection.
  • the top of the partial bottling 5 is provided with a bacterial liquid inlet and a bacterial liquid outlet.
  • the dispensing bottle includes a dispensing body 56 and a dispensing bottle cap 55, which are provided on the bottle cap.
  • There is a bacterial liquid inlet and a bacterial liquid outlet wherein a bacterial liquid inlet connecting short tube 54 is arranged at the bacterial liquid inlet of the bottle cap, and a bacterial liquid outlet connecting short tube 53 is arranged at the bacterial liquid outlet of the bottling bottle, and the bacterial liquid inlet is connected.
  • the short opening 54 and the lower opening of the bacterial liquid outlet connecting short tube 53 respectively extend into the interior of the dispensing body. This structure can prevent the bacterial liquid in the dispensing bottle from being too full and affect the subsequent treatment of the bacterial liquid.
  • the deodorizing device 8 in the device comprises at least one deodorizing tank capable of removing odor in the gas, and the deodorizing tank is provided with a plurality of existing materials or substances capable of deodorizing by physical or chemical means; when the deodorizing device includes more In the case of deodorizing tanks, the deodorizing tanks are connected by series, parallel or series-parallel mixing.
  • the device collects the odor generated in the entire device through a buffer bottle, an air pump and an odor pipeline, and processes it in time to prevent odor generation.
  • FIG. 1 when the device is in operation, the contents of the channel are first placed in the original tank 1, and the water in the liquid storage tank 2 is quantitatively added to the original tank through the liquid adding pipe through the liquid adding driving device 7.
  • the contents of the channel are mixed into a liquid or a suspension under the mixing of the stirring device 41 in the original tank 1.
  • the gas pump 32 is turned on, and the air pump 2 is also turned on to generate a negative pressure in the separation tank 4 (some passages of the separation tank 4 can be closed first by some switch components), and the original is driven by the negative pressure.
  • the liquid or suspension in the tank 1 is initially filtered and introduced into the grading filter bottle 3, and separated from the last grading filter bottle 3 under the layered filter of the gradual reduction of the filter pore size in each of the grading filter bottles 3 connected in series.
  • the bacterial cell whose diameter is in accordance with the predetermined pores.
  • the vibrating device 12 sufficiently vibrates or shakes the liquid in the filtration to improve the filtering effect, and the dosing driving device 7 adds liquid to the different grading filter bottles 3 through the adding liquid line 21 to dilute the liquid. Further promote the filtration effect.
  • the fractionated filtered bacterial liquid is sucked into the separation tank 4 and collected.
  • the bacterial liquid driving device 6 is opened under the condition of starting or stopping the multi-stage filtration, and the bacterial liquid is introduced into the dispensing bottle 5 through the introduction of the bacterial liquid pipeline 22, and the respective dispensing is sequentially performed.
  • the bottle 5 is filled, and excess bacterial liquid is returned to the separation tank 4 through the return line 24.
  • each sub-bottle is taken out for subsequent processing.
  • the odor generated by the original tank 1 and the liquid which may be splashed during the stirring are sucked into the aspirating and deodorizing buffer bottle 11 to be removed by aspiration.
  • the odor After removing a small amount of liquid and solid in the odor buffer bottle 11, the odor is introduced into the deodorizing device for deodorization; and at the same time, the odor or the splattered liquid in the separating tank 4 is sucked and separated by the action of the air pump 2 In the odor buffer bottle 14, the odor removing the liquid is further introduced into the deodorizing device to perform deodorization.
  • the deodorizing device 8, the buffer bottle, the dispensing device, the liquid storage tank 2, the liquid addition line 21 for classifying the liquid addition, and the bacterial liquid driving device 6 in Fig. 1 are removed, and a simple recovery device for comparison is obtained.
  • the simple recovery device still has the function of separating a certain channel content, but the device is 10% lower than the cell extract of the device of Fig. 1 under the condition of the same channel content, and the collected bacteria liquid is Under the gastroscope, 20-30 black particles of impurities can be seen in a single field of view, while in this device, there are only 0-1 black particle impurities in a single field of view of the gastroscope.
  • the simple recycling equipment has a large amount of odor leakage during the recycling process.
  • the device has no odor leakage, and the separation and filling are convenient and time-saving.
  • the process saves an average of 15 minutes, which reduces the death of the flora in the aerobic environment in vitro, thereby improving the therapeutic effect.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种腔道内容物中微生物分离装置，其包括原物罐、分级过滤装置、储液罐、密闭式的分离物罐、分装装置、除臭装置以及连接各装置的管路等。

Description

腔道内容物中微生物分离装置 技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械技术领域，具体涉及一种腔道内容物中微生物分离装置。
背景技术
人体胃肠道内容物有食物残渣、菌群、寄生虫卵等多种有行成分，有肠道分泌生成的体液成分，有因为各种原因进入腔道内的异物和液体，还有通过内镜下切除但是不易直接取出的细碎肿瘤组织。在临床和研究过程中，要分辨和获得这些目的成分，只有依赖有效的器械辅助分离。下面以制备粪菌移植菌液与收集大量粪便虫卵的临床背景为例，简要说明人体腔道内容物目的成分收集的重要性。
正常人肠道中的菌群是已经被认为是人体内一个特殊的器官，粪菌移植被认为是一种特殊的器官移植。肠道的细菌约为1000至1050种，目前人类对其中绝大部分细菌的功能，以及不同细菌之间按照什么机制有机地工作，都尚不清楚。近来，现代医学已经越来越认识到肠道细菌在人体内的重要作用，已经将维持或者重建人体肠道正常菌群作为多种疾病的重要治疗手段。常用益生菌药物和食物只是将肠道的一种或者几种细菌，经过体外专门的培养，然后按照一定的量进行包装。然而，因为所纳入人体肠道的细菌数量和种类都非常有限，所以其治疗价值也很有限。最近5年，粪菌移植已经逐渐得到重视，尤其是对于常用抗生素等药物治疗无效的感染相关的疾病，其治疗价值显得尤为重要，比如治疗抗生素相关性腹泻、难治性炎症性肠病、难治性肠易激综合征、免疫相关性难治性腹泻、肥胖、食物过敏、抑郁症肠道症状、脂肪肝等。
科学发展至今，虽然已经有少数研究通过肠镜、胃镜、鼻胃管、空肠管、胶囊等将粪便悬浮液或者粪菌悬液输送到胃肠道内，实现粪菌移植，但是，这些方法都存在如下问题：(1)制备粪液的医务人员无论是从粪水的视觉还是心理上难受，甚至有人拒绝这些工作；(2)制备程序的非标准化会导致治疗程序对人力成本增加；(3)既往的研究均为涉及如何避免寄生虫肠道感染粪的可能性，这在粪菌移植的方法学上缺乏一种新的突破，即在获取菌液的同时，必须有效滤除虫卵预防寄生虫传染，同时还尽可能滤除其它杂质和臭味；(4)常规人工的过滤措施，难以确保粪菌标本的质量可靠、可控。国外有用咖啡机手动制备粪菌液体的临床报道。然而，这样的做法，不仅浪费匀浆和过滤设备，操作过程中耗 时费力，还对处理一桶大便的医务人员，在心理上是一种挑战性的考验。目前尚未见国内外论文和专利文献公开用于粪菌液制备的标准化器械。
还一种重要的临床需要就是从粪便中大量虫卵收集。找到肠道虫卵是诊断肠道寄生虫病的金标准。西方发达国家寄生虫病已经少见，收集虫卵的临床需要已经不突出。但是在中国、东南亚及非洲等欠发到地区，寄生虫病还很常见。经典的虫卵检查查找方法是用极其少许的粪便制备涂片，再在显微镜下找虫卵。这样的检查方法，阳性检出率低，容易导致寄生虫感染漏诊。
另一种临床需要，是经内镜下抽吸的胃肠液体用于化验，其主要目的是获得液体成分，但是，抽吸过程中必然混杂食物残渣等各种固体成分；经尿道内镜下抽吸的膀胱液体用于化验检查，其主要目的是获得液体和其中脱落细胞等有形成分，但是，抽吸过程中可能会混杂尿液中结石等较大残渣等固体成分；经过气管镜获取气管内分泌液体和灌洗液体，其主要目的是获得液体和其中脱落细胞等有形成分，但是，其中混杂明显的组织块和浓稠痰液等。过滤去除残渣的器械对液体收集质量和数量有重要作用。本临床需要可以在以上用于粪菌液收集的器械中得到满足。
基于诸如以上的临床需要，设计一种在体外回收人体腔道内容物目标成分的器械，广泛用于多种临床需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种分离内容物中微生物的装置，它可以安全有效地分析腔道内容物、土壤、江河湖泊或淤泥中的微生物，便于操作者实施和维护实施环境。它主要可以实现：(1)获取粪便中的菌群，并同时有效去除未消化食物残渣、虫卵、粪液中的黄色粘液、臭味，用于粪菌移植治疗；(2)分离并大量收集粪便悬液中的寄生虫卵，用于检查；(3)经过消化道内镜收集腔道内分泌液体和细胞成分，同时去除胃肠食物残渣，用于检查诊断；(4)经气管镜收集气管中的分泌液体，同时去除浓稠痰液等，用于检查诊断；(4)分离出特定土壤、江河湖泊或淤泥中的微生物，用于检测或研究。
本发明的目的可以通过以下措施达到：
一种腔道内容物中微生物分离装置，该装置包括：
原物罐，其设有加液口和臭气出口，在原物罐的内部设有搅拌装置，在原物罐的下部或底部设有出料口，该出料口与所述分级过滤装置的入口相连接；以及
分级过滤装置，它设有物料入口和物料出口，所述分级过滤装置物料入口与所述原物罐出料口相通，分级过滤装置主要由一个或多个分级过滤瓶组成，所述分级过滤瓶的两端 分别设有入料口和出料口，分级过滤瓶内设有至少一层滤网；分级过滤装置含有多个分级过滤瓶时，各分级过滤瓶之间通过串联、并联或串并联混合的方式连接；所述分级过滤装置的一部分或全部设于所述能够使分级过滤瓶内液体摇动、晃动或波动的震动装置；以及
储液罐，其设有出液口，该出液口与所述原物罐加液口通过加液管路相连通，或者该出液口同时与原物罐加液口和至少一个分级过滤瓶的入料口通过加液管路相连通(以实现多级加液)，在所述加液管路上设有开关和/或将储液罐内的水导出的加液驱动装置；以及
分离物罐，它为密闭式的，分离物罐的顶部或上部设有臭气出口和与所述分级过滤装置物料出口相连通的物料入口，分离物罐的底部或下部设有菌液出口；以及
分装装置，由至少一个分装瓶构成，所述分装瓶的顶部设有菌液入口和菌液出口，分装装置的首个分装瓶的菌液入口通过菌液管路与所述分离物罐菌液出口相连通，在所述菌液管路上设有将分离物罐内的菌液导入分装瓶的菌液驱动装置；以及
除臭装置，其设有臭气入口和排气口，该臭气入口通过臭气管路分别与所述原物罐臭气出口和分离物罐臭气出口相连通，在所述臭气管路上设有至少一个缓冲并收集臭气中液体的缓冲瓶和至少一个使原物罐和分离物罐内的臭气分别导入除臭装置的气泵。
本装置中的缓冲瓶为顶部或上部分别设有气体入口和气体出口的罐体或瓶体结构，缓冲瓶的数量有一个、两个或更多。
在一种方案中，臭气管路上的缓冲瓶有至少两个，其中一个为吸液除臭缓冲瓶，吸液除臭缓冲瓶的气体入口与所述原物罐臭气出口相连接；另一个缓冲瓶为分离除臭缓冲瓶，分离除臭缓冲瓶的气体入口与所述分离物罐臭气出口相连接。
当臭气管路上的气泵有一个时，该气泵的出口与所述除臭装置臭气入口相连接。
在一种方案中，当臭气管路上的气泵有两个以上时，在原物罐臭气出口与吸液除臭缓冲瓶的气体入口之间的臭气管路上或在吸液除臭缓冲瓶气体出口与除臭装置臭气入口之间的臭气管路上设有一个使原物罐内的臭气导入除臭装置的气泵一；在分离物罐臭气出口与分离除臭缓冲瓶气体入口之间的臭气管路上或在分离除臭缓冲瓶气体出口与除臭装置臭气入口之间的臭气管路上设有一个使分离物罐内的臭气导入除臭装置并使分离物罐内形成负压的气泵二。
在一种方案中，储液罐内的水通过开关配合重力自流的方式或通过加液驱动装置提供驱动动力的方式分别导入原物罐和分级过滤瓶中；所述菌液驱动装置和加液驱动装置分别为液体蠕动泵；所述震动装置为机械震动装置或超声震动装置。
在一种优选方案中，分装瓶的菌液入口处设有菌液入口连接短管，分装瓶的菌液出口 处设有菌液出口连接短管，所述菌液入口连接短管和菌液出口连接短管的下部开口分别伸入分装瓶内部。
本装置中的分离物罐的顶部或上部设有菌液回流口；当分装装置包括一个分装瓶时，该分装瓶的菌液出口与所述分离物罐的菌液回流口通过回流管路相连接；当分装装置包括多个分装瓶时，各分装瓶之间通过串联、并联或串并联混合的方式连接，且最后一个分装瓶的菌液出口与所述分离物罐的菌液回流口通过回流管路相连接。
本装置中分级过滤装置包含多个分级过滤瓶时，各分级过滤瓶之间通过前一分级过滤瓶的出料口与后一分级过滤瓶的入料口相连的串联连接方式相连接；分装装置包括多个分装瓶时，各分装瓶之间通过前一分装瓶的菌液出口与后一分装瓶的菌液入口相连的串联连接方式相连接。
在一种方案中，原物罐上设有腔道内容物投料口或投料盖；原物罐内部在搅拌装置之下设有过滤网，所述原物罐出料口位于过滤网之下。
在一种方案中，过滤瓶内设有一层以上(特别是两层以上)的滤网，滤网以平面、凸形、波浪形、折叠形或U型的结构分布于过滤瓶内；分级过滤装置内各滤网的滤孔直径沿水流方向在5.0mm–0.001mm范围内逐渐减少。
在一种方案中，储液罐为具有至少一个开口的储水罐体或瓶体，或者为与所述原物罐内部结构相同的能够替代原物罐使用的罐体；储液罐的出液口通过加液管路分别连通至原物罐加液口以及全部或部分分级过滤瓶入料口，通过加液驱动装置分别定时或定量地向原物罐及分级过滤瓶内加入水。
在一种方案中，除臭装置包括至少一个能够去除气体中臭味的除臭罐，除臭罐内装有能通过物理或化学方法除臭的材料或物质；当除臭装置包括多个除臭罐时，各除臭罐之间通过串联、并联或串并联混合的方式相连接。
本发明的有益效果：本装置通过各部分的有机结合，可以实现菌液的循环自动灌装，当一个分装瓶灌装满后自动导入下一个分装瓶，充分节省了人力和操作步骤，提高了操作精度；本装置通过储液罐的分级加液，实现细微颗粒的稀释悬浮，降低了杂质中细菌含量，提高了细菌收集率和菌液的纯度，实验发现，通过向分级过滤瓶内分级加液能够至少提高5-10％的菌群提取量。本发明整体装置和处理空间无臭味产生，处理效率高、省时省力，操作简便，更人性化，具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明装置的一种结构示意图。
图2是本发明装置的另一种结构示意图。
图3是本发明中原物罐的一种结构示意图。
图4是本发明中分装瓶的一种结构示意图。
图中，1-原物罐，2-储液罐，3-分级过滤瓶，4-分离物罐，5-分装瓶，6-菌液驱动装置，7-加液驱动装置，8-除臭装置，10-缓冲瓶，11-吸液除臭缓冲瓶，12-震动装置，13-气泵，14-分离除臭缓冲瓶，21-加液管路，22-菌液管路，23-臭气管路，24-回流管路，31-气泵二，32-气泵一，41-搅拌装置，42-过滤网，51-操作台，53-菌液出口连接短管，54-菌液入口连接短管，55-分装瓶盖，56-分装瓶体。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明的装置做进一步说明，但本发明的范围并不局限于下述各实施例。
如图1或图2所示，本发明的腔道内容物中微生物分离装置包括原物罐1、分级过滤装置、储液罐2、分离物罐4、分装装置和除臭装置8。其中原物罐1的上部或顶部设有加液口和臭气出口，在原物罐1的内部设有搅拌装置41，在原物罐的下部或底部设有出料口，该出料口与分级过滤装置的入口相连接。分级过滤装置具有物料入口和物料出口，分级过滤装置物料入口与原物罐出料口相通。分级过滤装置主要由一个或多个分级过滤瓶3组成，分级过滤瓶的两端分别设有入料口和出料口，分级过滤瓶3内设有至少一层滤网；分级过滤装置含有多个分级过滤瓶时，各分级过滤瓶之间通过串联、并联或串并联混合的方式连接；所述分级过滤装置的一部分或全部设于所述能够使分级过滤瓶内液体摇动、晃动或波动的震动装置12。储液罐2上设有出液口，该储液罐出液口与所述原物罐加液口通过加液管路21相连通，或者该出液口同时与原物罐加液口和至少一个分级过滤瓶3的入料口通过加液管路21相连通，在所述加液管路上设有开关和/或将储液罐内的水导出的加液驱动装置7。所述分离物罐4为密闭式的，分离物罐的顶部或上部设有臭气出口和与所述分级过滤装置物料出口相连通的物料入口，分离物罐的底部或下部设有菌液出口。所述分装装置由至少一个分装瓶5构成，分装瓶5的顶部设有菌液入口和菌液出口，分装装置的首个分装瓶的菌液入口通过菌液管路与所述分离物罐菌液出口相连通，在所述菌液管路上设有将分离物罐内的菌液导入分装瓶的菌液驱动装置。所述除臭装置8设有臭气入口和排气口，除臭装置8的臭气入口通过臭气管路23分别与原物罐臭气出口和分离物罐臭气出口相连通，在臭气管路12上设有至少一个缓冲并收集臭气中液体的缓冲瓶10和至少一个使原物罐和分离物罐内的臭气分别导入除臭装置的气泵13。
本装置中的缓冲瓶10主要是防止夹杂在臭气中的液体或微量固定直接被导入除臭装置中；利用缓冲瓶可以将部分液体或固定缓冲并收集在缓冲瓶内。如果不存在该缺陷时，也可以在整个回收装置中不包括缓冲瓶。一种常见的缓冲瓶结构为顶部或上部分别设有气体入口和气体出口的罐体或瓶体结构。缓冲瓶的数量可以有一个、两个或更多(这个的更多包括两个以上)。如图2所示，在只采用一个缓冲瓶的方案中，缓冲瓶10可直接设在除臭装置8之前，即缓冲瓶10的气体出口通过管路与除臭装置8的臭气入口，或者缓冲瓶8的气体出口通过管路和气泵13与除臭装置8的臭气入口相连接。为了达到更佳的除臭效果，缓冲瓶可以设置两个或更多。如图1所示，在一种方案中，臭气管路上的缓冲瓶有至少两个，其中一个为吸液除臭缓冲瓶11，该吸液除臭缓冲瓶11的气体入口与原物罐臭气出口通过管路或通过管路和气泵相连接；另一个缓冲瓶为分离除臭缓冲瓶14，该分离除臭缓冲瓶14的气体入口与分离物罐臭气出口通过管路或通过管路和气泵相连接。其他缓冲瓶可以视情况需要在除臭管路23上添加。
本装置中臭气管路23上的气泵在为将原物罐1和分离物罐4中的臭气导入除臭装置8外，还在密闭的分离物罐4中形成负压，该负压为原物罐1内的液体或悬浮液通过分级过滤装置导入分离物罐4中提供动力。它还可以在不密闭的原物罐1内形成微量负压，使臭气全部导入除臭装置而不会使臭气直接通过原物罐扩散到周围环境中。如图2所示，在一种只采用一个气泵的方案中，气泵13的出口直接与除臭装置8的臭气入口相连接；本装置中的气泵还可以设置在除臭装置的出气口处。
为了满足不同的条件以及达到最佳的除臭效果，气泵可以设置两个或更多。如图1所示，在一种方案中，气泵至少有两个，其中一个气泵一32设在原物罐1臭气出口与吸液除臭缓冲瓶11的气体入口之间的臭气管路23上或设在吸液除臭缓冲瓶11气体出口与除臭装置8臭气入口之间的臭气管路23上，它使原物罐1内的臭气导入除臭装置8。另一个气泵二31设在分离物罐臭气出口与分离除臭缓冲瓶14气体入口之间的臭气管路23上或设在分离除臭缓冲瓶14气体出口与除臭装置臭气入口之间的臭气管路23上，该气泵使分离物罐内的臭气导入除臭装置并使分离物罐内形成负压。
本装置的原物罐是将腔道内容物、土壤、江河湖泊或淤泥等分散成液体或悬浮液的装置，它还可以通过设置过滤网起到初步过滤的功能。在原物罐上设有腔道内容物等物料的投料口、投料盖或其他投料装置；原物罐内设有搅拌装置，该搅拌装置可以为机械搅拌装置，也可以为磁力搅拌装置。如图3所示，在一种方案中，原物罐内部在搅拌装置41之下设有过滤网42，而原物罐出料口位于过滤网42之下。原物罐1的底部可以为平面结构， 也可以为向下凹的斜面、弧面或台阶状结构，原物罐的外观可以是圆桶、扁桶、正方体、长方体及不规则形状，不密闭。原物罐在工作状态时为直立。
如图2所示，本装置中的储液罐2可以为具有至少一个开口的储水罐体或瓶体，它只是单纯地用于提供水、生理盐水或其他所需液体；如图1所示，储液罐也可以为与原物罐内部结构相同的能够替代原物罐使用的罐体，这样正常状态下它用于提供水或其他液体，当原物罐工作不稳定或损坏时，可直接替代原物罐使用。
储液罐2的出液口通过加液管路连通至原物罐1加液口，或者储液罐2的出液口分别连通至原物罐1加液口以及全部或部分分级过滤瓶3入料口。如图1和图2所示，在一种优选方案中，储液罐出液口同时连通至原物罐加液口以及部分分级过滤瓶入料口，以实现分级加液。储液罐2内的水或液体可以通过开关配合重力自流的方式别定时或定量地加入原物罐1或分级过滤瓶3中，也可以通过加液驱动装置7分别定时或定量地向原物罐1及分级过滤瓶3内加入液体(如生理盐水)。根据具体情况选择性地向全部或部分分级过滤瓶中加入液体可以稀释分级过滤瓶内的物料，使目标菌群更多且更容易地通过各级滤网，降低不滤杂质中的菌含量，提高菌群的收集率。本装置中的加液驱动装置7可以采用现有的多种液体驱动装置，如液体蠕动泵等。
本装置中的分级过滤装置可以包含一个分级过滤瓶3，也可以包含多个(两个及以上)分级过滤瓶3。分级过滤瓶的两端分别设有入料口和出料口，当分级过滤瓶竖直或倾斜设置时，入料口和出料口分别位于分级过滤瓶的上端(即顶部或上部)和下端(即底部或下部)，或者分级过滤瓶的下端和上端；当分级过滤瓶水平设置时，入料口和出料口分别位于分级过滤瓶的左端或右端。如图1和2所示，在一种优选方案中，分级过滤装置包含多个分级过滤瓶，此时各分级过滤瓶之间可以串联、并联或串并联混合连接；在图1和2的方案中，多个分级过滤瓶之间通过前一分级过滤瓶的出料口与后一分级过滤瓶的入料口相连的串联连接方式相连接。
分级过滤瓶3内设有一层以上的滤网，在一种优选方案中可设两层以上的滤网。分级过滤瓶3内的滤网可以以平面、凸形、波浪形、折叠形或U型的结构分布于瓶内；滤网的形状还可以为开口向上的倒梯形条状槽，倒梯形条状槽表面为滤网结构；所述悬浮液容器的上部侧面一侧开口供倒梯形条状槽水平插入，通过卡合或螺旋的方式定位形成密闭结构。这种形式的过滤网如“抽屉”样的结构可以方便插入和取出，还可设有手柄。分级过滤瓶的底部(或一端)可以为平面，也可以为向外凸起的弧面。
分级过滤装置内各滤网的滤孔直径沿水流方向在5.0mm–0.001mm范围内逐渐减少。 依据临床实际过滤的需求，优选将各级过滤部件大小、形状完全相同，仅滤网孔径不同，方便置换不同孔径的滤网，或者利用假体过滤部件(无过滤网或者无过滤意义的大直径过滤网)置换以减少过滤层次。该设计可以满足特定滤孔直径的滤网收集目的成分。故当分级过滤装置内过滤瓶的数目减少时，可相应地增加单个过滤瓶内的滤网数目。
当分级过滤装置只含一个分级过滤瓶时，该分级过滤瓶的入料口即为分级过滤装置的有物料入口，该分级过滤瓶的出料口即为分级过滤装置的物料出口。当分级过滤装置含有多个分级过滤瓶时，第一个分级过滤瓶(串联)或第一批分级过滤瓶(并联)的入料口即为分级过滤装置的有物料入口，最后一个分级过滤瓶(串联)或最后一批分级过滤瓶(串联)的出料口即为分级过滤装置的物料出口；当然，当多个分级过滤瓶以更复杂的方式连接时，其分级过滤装置的物料入口和物料出口可按本领域技术人员的普遍观点区分。
分级过滤装置中的全部或部分分级过滤瓶3可设置在震动装置12上，使分级过滤瓶3内的液体在过滤时充分震动，以促进过滤效果；该震动装置12可以为机械震动装置或超声震动装置等。
本装置中的分离物罐4是一个密闭的用以临时存储经过层层过滤而得到的菌液的容器。分离物罐4的顶部或上部设有臭气出口、物料入口和菌液回流口；分离物罐4内部经由气泵形成负压状态，使液体经过层层过滤而汇入分离物罐内。
本装置中的分装装置由至少一个分装瓶5构成。当分装装置包括一个分装瓶时，该分装瓶的菌液出口与分离物罐的菌液回流口通过回流管路相连接；当分装装置包括多个分装瓶时，各分装瓶之间通过串联、并联或串并联混合的方式连接，且最后一个分装瓶的菌液出口与分离物罐的菌液回流口通过回流管路相连接。这种连接方式可以使菌液装满一个或多个分装瓶且将多余的菌液通过回流管路回流入分离物罐内。在菌液管路上设有将分离物罐内的菌液导入分装瓶的菌液驱动装置，该菌液驱动装置可以采用现有的多种液体驱动装置，例如液体蠕动泵等。分装装置中的多个分装瓶可根据具体情况决定连接方式，在图1和图2的方案中，各分装瓶之间通过前一分装瓶的菌液出口与后一分装瓶的菌液入口相连的串联连接方式相连接。
分装瓶5的顶部设有菌液入口和菌液出口，如图4所示，在一种优选方案中，分装瓶包括分装瓶体56和分装瓶盖55，在瓶盖上设有菌液入口和菌液出口，其中在瓶盖的菌液入口处设有菌液入口连接短管54，分装瓶的菌液出口处设有菌液出口连接短管53，菌液入口连接短管54和菌液出口连接短管53的下部开口分别伸入分装瓶体内部。这种结构可以使分装瓶内的菌液不至于装得太满而影响后续对菌液的处理。
本装置中的除臭装置8包括至少一个能够去除气体中臭味的除臭罐，除臭罐内装有能通过物理或化学方法除臭的现有多种材料或物质；当除臭装置包括多个除臭罐时，各除臭罐之间通过串联、并联或串并联混合的方式相连接。本装置通过缓冲瓶、气泵和臭气管路收集整个装置中产生的臭气，并将其及时处理，防止臭味产生。
以图1为例，本装置在运行时，先将腔道内容物置于原物罐1内，通过加液驱动装置7将储液罐2内的水经由加液管路定量地加入原物罐1中，在原物罐1内搅拌装置41的混合下将腔道内容物混合成液体或悬浮液。同时打开气泵一32抽臭气，也打开气泵二31，使分离物罐4内产生负压(可通过一些开关部件先关闭分离物罐4的一些通路)，在该负压驱动下，原物罐1内的液体或悬浮液经过初步过滤后导入分级过滤瓶3中，在各串联的分级过滤瓶3内逐渐缩小的滤网孔径的层层过滤下，从最后一个分级过滤瓶3中分离出菌体直径符合所预定滤孔的菌液。在分级过滤的过程中，震动装置12使过滤中的液体充分震动或晃动，提高过滤效果，同时加液驱动装置7通过加液管路21向不同的分级过滤瓶3中加液以稀释液体，进一步促进过滤效果。分级过滤出的菌液被吸入分离物罐4并汇集。当已收集至一定的菌液时，在开动或停止多级过滤的条件下，打开菌液驱动装置6，将菌液通过导入菌液管路22导入分装瓶5中，依次将各分装瓶5装满，多余的菌液通过回流管路24回流至分离物罐4内。灌装完成后，将各分装瓶取出进行后续处理。在多级过滤和灌装的过程中，在气泵一32的作用下，将原物罐1产生的臭气以及搅拌时可能溅出的液体吸入吸液除臭缓冲瓶11中，在吸液除臭缓冲瓶11内去除了微量液体和固体后，将臭气导入除臭装置进行除臭；同时在气泵二31的作用下，将分离物罐4内的臭气或溅出的液体吸入分离除臭缓冲瓶14内，进一步将除去液体的臭气导入除臭装置进行除臭。
将图1中的除臭装置8、缓冲瓶、分装装置、储液罐2和用来分级加液的加液管路21以及菌液驱动装置6去除，得到用以对比的简易回收器械。该简易回收器械仍然具有分离出一定的腔道内容物的作用，但该器械在同等腔道内容物量的条件下，比图1的装置的菌体提取量低10％，收集到的菌液在胃镜下单个视野下可见20-30颗黑色颗料杂质，而本装置中则在胃镜单个视野下只有0-1颗黑色颗料杂质。简易回收器械在回收过程中有大量臭气外漏，分装菌液耗时长，操作过程难以满足人性化要求，而本装置则无臭气外漏，分离和灌装省时简便，每一次分离过程总计平均节省15分钟，减少了菌群在体外有氧环境的死亡，从而提高治疗效果。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种腔道内容物中微生物分离装置，其特征在于该装置包括：
    原物罐(1)，其设有加液口和臭气出口，在原物罐(1)的内部设有搅拌装置(41)，在原物罐(1)的下部或底部设有出料口，该出料口与所述分级过滤装置的入口相连接；
    分级过滤装置，它设有物料入口和物料出口，所述分级过滤装置物料入口与所述原物罐出料口相通，分级过滤装置主要由一个或多个分级过滤瓶(3)组成，所述分级过滤瓶(3)的两端分别设有入料口和出料口，分级过滤瓶(3)内设有至少一层滤网；分级过滤装置含有多个分级过滤瓶时，各分级过滤瓶之间通过串联、并联或串并联混合的方式连接；所述分级过滤装置的一部分或全部设于所述能够使分级过滤瓶内液体摇动、晃动或波动的震动装置(12)；
    储液罐(2)，其设有出液口，该出液口与所述原物罐加液口通过加液管路(21)相连通，或者该出液口同时与原物罐加液口和至少一个分级过滤瓶(3)的入料口通过加液管路(21)相连通，在所述加液管路(21)上设有开关和/或将储液罐(2)内的水导出的加液驱动装置(7)；
    分离物罐(4)，它为密闭式的，分离物罐的顶部或上部设有臭气出口和与所述分级过滤装置物料出口相连通的物料入口，分离物罐(4)的底部或下部设有菌液出口；
    分装装置，由至少一个分装瓶(5)构成，所述分装瓶的顶部设有菌液入口和菌液出口，分装装置的首个分装瓶的菌液入口通过菌液管路(22)与所述分离物罐菌液出口相连通，在所述菌液管路(22)上设有将分离物罐(4)内的菌液导入分装瓶的菌液驱动装置(6)；
    除臭装置(8)，其设有臭气入口和排气口，该臭气入口通过臭气管路(23)分别与所述原物罐臭气出口和分离物罐臭气出口相连通，在所述臭气管路(23)上设有至少一个缓冲并收集臭气中液体的缓冲瓶和至少一个使原物罐和分离物罐内的臭气分别导入除臭装置(8)的气泵。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的腔道内容物中微生物分离装置，其特征在于所述缓冲瓶为顶部或上部分别设有气体入口和气体出口的罐体或瓶体结构，缓冲瓶的数量有一个、两个或更多。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的腔道内容物中微生物分离装置，其特征在于所述臭气管路(23) 上的缓冲瓶有至少两个，其中一个为吸液除臭缓冲瓶(11)，吸液除臭缓冲瓶(11)的气体入口与所述原物罐臭气出口相连接；另一个缓冲瓶为分离除臭缓冲瓶(10)，分离除臭缓冲瓶(10)的气体入口与所述分离物罐臭气出口相连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的腔道内容物中微生物分离装置，其特征在于当臭气管路(23)上的气泵有一个时，该气泵的出口与所述除臭装置(8)臭气入口相连接；当臭气管路(23)上的气泵有两个以上时，在原物罐臭气出口与吸液除臭缓冲瓶(11)的气体入口之间的臭气管路上或在吸液除臭缓冲瓶(11)气体出口与除臭装置臭气入口之间的臭气管路上设有一个使原物罐内的臭气导入除臭装置的气泵一(32)；在分离物罐臭气出口与分离除臭缓冲瓶气体入口之间的臭气管路上或在分离除臭缓冲瓶气体出口与除臭装置臭气入口之间的臭气管路上设有一个使分离物罐内的臭气导入除臭装置并使分离物罐内形成负压的气泵二(31)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的腔道内容物中微生物分离装置，其特征在于储液罐(2)内的水通过开关配合重力自流的方式或通过加液驱动装置(7)提供驱动动力的方式分别导入原物罐和分级过滤瓶中；所述菌液驱动装置(6)和加液驱动装置(7)分别为液体蠕动泵；所述震动装置(12)为机械震动装置或超声震动装置。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的腔道内容物中微生物分离装置，其特征在于所述分装瓶的菌液入口处设有菌液入口连接短管，分装瓶的菌液出口处设有菌液出口连接短管，所述菌液入口连接短管和菌液出口连接短管的下部开口分别伸入分装瓶内部。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的腔道内容物中微生物分离装置，其特征在于所述分离物罐(4)的顶部或上部设有菌液回流口；当分装装置包括一个分装瓶时，该分装瓶的菌液出口与所述分离物罐的菌液回流口通过回流管路(24)相连接；当分装装置包括多个分装瓶时，各分装瓶之间通过串联、并联或串并联混合的方式连接，且最后一个分装瓶的菌液出口与所述分离物罐的菌液回流口通过回流管路(24)相连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1或7所述的腔道内容物中微生物分离装置，其特征在于分级过滤装置包含多个分级过滤瓶时，各分级过滤瓶之间通过前一分级过滤瓶的出料口与后一分级过滤瓶的入料口相连的串联连接方式相连接；分装装置包括多个分装瓶时，各分装瓶之间通过前一分装瓶的菌液出口与后一分装瓶的菌液入口相连的串联连接方式相连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的腔道内容物中微生物分离装置，其特征在于所述原物罐(1)上设有腔道内容物投料口或投料盖；原物罐(1)内部在搅拌装置(41)之下设有过滤网(42)，所述原物罐(1)出料口位于过滤网(42)之下。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的腔道内容物中微生物分离装置，其特征在于所述过滤瓶内设有两层以上的滤网，滤网以平面、凸形、波浪形、折叠形或U型的结构分布于过滤瓶内；分级过滤装置内各滤网的滤孔直径沿水流方向在5.0mm–0.001mm范围内逐渐减少。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的腔道内容物中微生物分离装置，其特征在于所述储液罐为具有至少一个开口的储水罐体或瓶体，或者为与所述原物罐内部结构相同的能够替代原物罐使用的罐体；储液罐的出液口通过加液管路(21)分别连通至原物罐加液口以及全部或部分分级过滤瓶入料口，通过加液驱动装置分别定时或定量地向原物罐及分级过滤瓶内加入水。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的腔道内容物中微生物分离装置，其特征在于所述除臭装置(8)包括至少一个能够去除气体中臭味的除臭罐，除臭罐内装有能通过物理或化学方法除臭的材料或物质；当除臭装置(8)包括多个除臭罐时，各除臭罐之间通过串联、并联或串并联混合的方式相连接。
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