Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
  • B01F31/20—Mixing the contents of independent containers, e.g. test tubes
  • B01F31/26—Mixing the contents of independent containers, e.g. test tubes the containers being submitted to a wobbling movement
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
  • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
  • G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
  • B01F33/25—Mixers with loose mixing elements, e.g. loose balls in a receptacle
  • B01F33/251—Mixers with loose mixing elements, e.g. loose balls in a receptacle using balls as loose mixing element
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
  • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
  • B01F33/83—Mixing plants specially adapted for mixing in combination with disintegrating operations
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
  • B01F35/92—Heating or cooling systems for heating the outside of the receptacle, e.g. heated jackets or burners
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
  • B02C17/04—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with unperforated container
  • B02C17/08—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with unperforated container with containers performing a planetary movement
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
  • B02C17/14—Mills in which the charge to be ground is turned over by movements of the container other than by rotating, e.g. by swinging, vibrating, tilting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
  • B02C17/18—Details
  • B02C17/1815—Cooling or heating devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
  • B01F2035/98—Cooling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
  • B01F2101/23—Mixing of laboratory samples e.g. in preparation of analysing or testing properties of materials
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
  • B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
  • B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
  • B01F2215/0418—Geometrical information
  • B01F2215/0431—Numerical size values, e.g. diameter of a hole or conduit, area, volume, length, width, or ratios thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
  • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
  • B01F33/836—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers combining mixing with other treatments
  • B01F33/8361—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers combining mixing with other treatments with disintegrating
  • B01F33/83613—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers combining mixing with other treatments with disintegrating by grinding or milling
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
  • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
  • G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
  • G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an assembly for grinding biological samples.
• WO-A-2004/012851 and FR-A-2,872,233 disclose a device for grinding biological samples, comprising a plate forming a tube support containing samples to be ground and means for driving the moving plate. precession, the plate having an axis whose position varies by describing a cone during the precession movement.
• Such a device comprises concentric bearings mounted one inside the other for the support and centering of the tube-carrying platform, these bearings being arranged between an elastically suspended part of the apparatus and a drive shaft. carrying the tray.
• the plate is immobilized in rotation around the drive shaft so that the tubes containing the samples are subjected to a high frequency curvilinear reciprocating motion and that the samples they contain are crushed and homogenized by microbeads, for example of glass or ceramic, contained with the samples in the tubes.
• the invention relates to an assembly for grinding biological samples, comprising
• each tube comprising an internal space having a height along the axis of the corresponding tube and intended to contain samples to be ground
• a grinding device comprising a support capable of supporting said at least two different tubes, means for driving the support in precession motion, the support having an axis whose position varies by describing a cone, each tube being subjected to a deflection defined by the projection, on the axis of said cone, of the distance between the extreme positions of the same point of the tube during the precession movement,
• the grinding device and the tubes being designed so that, for each tube, the d / h ratio is between 0.55 and 1, preferably between 0.6 and 0.8, even more preferably between 0, 6 and 0.7. Studies carried out by the Applicant have established that such a ratio ensures maximum grinding efficiency, regardless of the type of tube used.
• the efficiency is relatively constant on a plateau between 0.6 and 1.
• it is chosen to be placed at the beginning of the plateau, that is to say the minimum travel (and therefore the minimum d / h ratio to provide the maximum efficiency), namely close to 0.6. In this way, it reduces the energy required for grinding samples and avoids any degradation of the tubes and the device.
• Said at least two tubes may comprise at least a first tube whose internal volume is between 1 and 5 ml, preferably of the order of 2 ml.
• said at least two tubes may comprise at least one second tube whose internal volume is between 5 and 10 ml, preferably of the order of 7 ml.
• said at least two tubes may comprise at least one third tube whose internal volume is between 10 and 20 ml, preferably of the order of 14 ml.
• the tubes may be able to be mounted in orifices or housings of the support of the apparatus, the orifices or the housings being located along the same circumference centered on the axis of the support.
• the support may comprise at least two housings or holes of different diameters.
• At least two housings or holes of different diameters can be juxtaposed, at least in part.
• the support may comprise a fixed part and at least one removable part relative to the fixed part, the tubes being able to be held integral with the removable part in order to be able to be mounted or extracted from the fixed part by mounting or removal of the removable part relative to the fixed part.
• the support may comprise first and second removable parts, each being intended for the support of several identical tubes, the first removable part for supporting certain tubes and the second removable part for supporting different tubes.
• the grinding device may also comprise a locking member comprising at least one locking lug adapted to bear on one end of a tube mounted on the support, in the locking position of the locking member, so as to maintain a bearing surface of the tube against the support.
• Each tube may for example comprise a flange forming a bearing surface of the tube, the locking tab pressing on one end of the tube, for example on a cap of the tube, in order to keep the flange resting on the support.
• the grinding device may comprise suction means capable of holding the locking member in its locking position.
• suction means When the suction means are activated, then the locking member is in the locked position. Conversely, when the suction means are deactivated, then the locking member can be unlocked and removed from the support. This facilitates the locking or unlocking of the locking member.
• the grinding device may comprise a fixed frame on which the support is movably mounted, a cover being mounted on the frame and defining with said frame at least one enclosure in which are housed the support and the tubes mounted on the support, the device grinding further comprising means for supplying cold air inside said enclosure.
• the cover may comprise an inner wall and an outer wall between which is formed a volume of thermal insulation. Each wall may have an open bell shape towards the frame.
• the volume of thermal insulation may contain a gas, such as for example air.
• cover or the frame may comprise a seal ensuring at least partially the seal at the interface between the cover and the frame, said interface comprising at least one area without a seal so as to allow the output of a stream of air outside the enclosure.
• the air supply means may comprise an air intake nozzle mounted on the hood, said nozzle opening into the enclosure.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a grinding device of an assembly according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic side view illustrating the two extreme positions of the support and of a tube mounted on the support
• FIG. 3 is a view in axial section of a tube
• FIG. 4 is a perspective view, from above, of a hood according to the invention.
• FIG. 5 is a view in axial section of the cover of FIG. 4,
• FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a portion of the grinding device illustrating in particular the fixed part of the support
• FIG. 7 is a view corresponding to FIG. 6 in which a first removable part intended to support a first type of tube is mounted on the fixed part of the support
• FIG. 8 is a view corresponding to FIG. 7, in which the first tubes are mounted in the first removable part and in the first fixed part
• FIG. 9 is a view corresponding to FIG. 8, in which a first locking member is mounted on the first removable part and is in its locking position,
• FIGS. 10 to 12 are views respectively corresponding to FIGS. 7 to 9, illustrating the use of a second removable part of the support, a second type of tubes and a second locking member,
• FIGS. 13 to 15 are views respectively corresponding to FIGS. 7 to 9, illustrating the use of a third removable part of the support, a third type of tubes and a third locking member,
• FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the evolution of the grinding efficiency as a function of the abovementioned d / h ratio, for several deflections d.
• FIG. 1 represents a grinding device 1 which is similar to that described in document FR-A-2 872 233 and essentially comprises a support 2 carrying tubes 3 at its periphery and mounted at the end of a shaft 4 driven in such a way that to perform a precession.
• the shaft 4 is supported and centered on an elastically suspended part of the device 1 by means of a system of concentric bearings mounted inside one another, comprising a ball and ball bearing carried by the shaft and rotating inside two axially superimposed ball bearings as described in document FR-A-2 872 233.
• the device 1 further comprises a cover 5 carried by a frame or a fixed body 6, the cover 5 being pivotable between an open position in which it releases access to the support 2, in particular for the introduction of the tubes 3 on the support 2 or the withdrawal of said tubes 3, and a closed position in which the cover 5 defines with said frame 6 an enclosure 7 in which are housed the support 2 and the tubes 3 mounted on the support 2, for the purpose of grinding the samples contained in the tubes 3.
• Locking means allow to maintain the cover 5 in the closed position shown in Figure 1 during the grinding of the samples.
• the grinding device 1 furthermore comprises feed means. of cold air inside said enclosure 7.
• feed means comprise in particular a unit 8 for producing cold air connected to a cold air injection nozzle 9 inside the enclosure 7, by way of intermediate of a pipe 10 thermally insulated, for example by means of an outer sheath.
• the support 2 more particularly comprises a fixed part 1 1 (see in particular FIG. 6) forming a circular plate, from which a shaft 4 extends radially from the center of said plate 1 1, the shaft 4 extending according to FIG. X axis of the support 2 and the tray 1 1.
• FIG. 2 represents the extreme positions of the support 2 during its precession movement. During such a movement, the rotation of the support 2 around its axis X is prevented or limited. However, during such a precession movement, the shaft 4 or the X axis of the support 2 moves cyclically along a cone of axis Y. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. Y axis is horizontal but it could also be inclined relative to the horizontal.
• a point P of the tube 3 denotes by the displacement of the projection, on the Y axis of said cone, the distance between said extreme positions of the point P of the tube 3.
• FIG. 3 represents an embodiment of a tube 3 that can be used, the latter comprising a hollow body 12 substantially cylindrical, opening at one end and having a collar 13 extending radially outwardly on the side of the open end and located axially recessed relative to said open end.
• H denotes the height of the cylindrical internal volume of the tube 3, that is to say the axial dimension of said internal volume, of the bottom wall 15 of the tube 3 to the bottom wall 16 of the cap 14.
• Figures 4 and 5 show an embodiment of the cover 5, the latter having inner and outer walls 17, 18 in the form of bells, mounted concentrically in one another and delimiting between them a volume of closed insulation 19 filled with a gas such as for example air.
• each wall 17, 18 comprises a lateral annular surface 20, substantially cylindrical or frustoconical, and a bottom surface 21 extending generally radially or can be curved or dug.
• the free ends of the lateral surfaces 20 of the two walls 17, 18 are connected to one another in a sealed manner and form a lower edge 22.
• the cold air injection nozzle 9 is located in the center of the bottom surfaces 21 and passes through the inner 17 and outer 18 walls, said nozzle 9 being able to inject air in a homogeneous or multidirectional manner into the chamber 7 .
• a seal 23 extends along most of the lower edge 22. In the closed position of the cover 5, the lower edge
• the lower edge 22 and the seal 23 are supported on a support zone of the fixed frame 6.
• the lower edge 22 has a zone 24 without joint
• FIG. 6 represents the fixed part or plate 1 1 of the support 2, the said fixed part 1 1 having orifices at the outer periphery. More particularly, the fixed part comprises twelve orifices 25 of a first diameter and six orifices 26 whose section has a particular profile. Indeed, orifices 26 are formed by the juxtaposition or superposition of a central circular opening 26a of a second diameter and two lateral circular openings 26b of a third diameter. Each orifice 26 thus comprises a central portion 26a and two lateral portions 26b.
• Two orifices 25 are each circumferentially interposed between two orifices 26, the various orifices 25, 26 being offset from one another and regularly distributed over the entire circumference, substantially on the same diameter.
• the central portion 27 of the fixed part 1 1 of the support 2 comprises a suction nozzle 28 connected to a controlled suction pump, not shown, housed in the frame 6.
• FIG. 7 illustrates the positioning of a first part 29a of the support 2 on the fixed part 1 1.
• the first removable portion 29a is annular and has a radial surface 30a in which are formed orifices 31a, 24 in number and of a diameter substantially corresponding to the diameter of the body of a first type of tubes 3a, namely tubes 3a with a volume of between 1 and 5 ml, preferably of the order of 2 ml.
• the first removable portion 29a further comprises:
• FIG. 8 represents the tubes of the first type 3a mounted on the support 2, in particular inside the corresponding orifices 25, 26, 31a of the removable part 29a and of the fixed part 1 1.
• the assembly can be performed in the following manner.
• the first movable portion 29a can be placed on a horizontal surface, so that the free ends of the tabs 35a rest on said surface.
• the bodies 12 of the tubes 3a can then be engaged in the orifices 25, 26, 31a, until the flanges 13 rest on the radial surface 30a.
• the height of the tabs 35a is adapted so that the tubes 3a are suspended by their collars 13 during this step.
• the assembly formed by the first mobile part 29a and the tubes 3a of the first type can then be mounted on the fixed part 1 1 of the support 2, in the position illustrated in FIG.
• a first locking member 36a is then positioned on the first removable portion 29a and on the tubes 3a. More particularly, the first locking member 36a has a circular central portion 37a from which tabs 38a extend radially outwardly. Some of the tabs 38a delimit between them notches of greater width, for the introduction of foolproof pins 32a. In this way, after positioning of the first locking member 36a, it is ensured that the tabs 38a are located facing the tubes 3a, more particularly facing the caps 14 of the tubes 3a.
• the central portion 37a of the first locking member 36a is located facing the central portion 27 of the fixed part 1 1 of the support 2, and more particularly facing the suction nozzle 28.
• the suction pump can be started, which has the effect of pressing the lugs 38a of the first locking member 36a onto the caps 14 of the tubes 3a so that the tubes 3a are held in abutment by their flanges 14 on the radial surface 30a.
• some of the tabs 38a of the locking member 36a bear on the studs 33a, so as to lock the removable portion 29a of the support 2.
• the tubes 3a are thus effectively maintained in position during the precession movement support 2, without risk of degradation of the tubes 3a.
• FIGS. 10 to 12 illustrate the mounting of a second type of tubes 3b, namely tubes 3b with a volume of between 5 and 10 ml, preferably of the order of 7 ml, with the aid of a second movable portion 29b of the support 2 and a second locking member 36b.
• the second movable portion 29b differs from the first movable portion 29a by the number and size of the orifices 31b.
• the second movable portion 29b thus comprises 12 orifices 31b, the diameter of the orifices 31b being adapted to the outer diameter of the body 12 of the tubes 3b of the second type.
• the orifices 31b of the second movable portion 29b are disposed opposite the orifices 25 of the fixed part 1 1 and have the same diameter as the latter.
• the positions of the tabs 38b of the second locking member 36b are therefore adapted accordingly, in order to be located opposite the tubes 3b of the second type and the pads 33b of the second removable member 29b, in the position illustrated in FIG. 12.
• FIGS. 13 to 15 illustrate the mounting of a third type of tubes 3c, namely tubes with a volume of between 10 and 20 ml, preferably of the order of 14 ml, with the aid of a third mobile part 29c of the support 2 and a third locking member 36c.
• the third movable portion 29c differs from the first movable portion 29a by the number and size of the orifices 31c.
• the third movable portion 29c thus has 6 orifices 31c, the diameter of the orifices 31c being adapted to the outer diameter of the body 12 of the tubes 3c of the third type.
• the orifices 31c of the third mobile part 29c are arranged facing central openings 26a orifices 26 of the fixed part 1 1.
• the Applicant has carried out a series of tests with the objective of analyzing the influence of the deflection ratio d on the height h of the tube 3 (d and h having been defined above), denoted hereinafter as the d / h ratio, on the efficiency of grinding.
• the diagram of FIG. 16 thus illustrates the grinding efficiency as a function of the d / h ratio, each point of the diagram being the result of a test.
• the various tests were carried out while maintaining the parameters other than the ratio d / h substantially identical (size and material of the balls, material of the tube 3, temperature, speed of movement of the support 2, etc.).
• the efficiency is relatively constant on a plateau between 0.6 and 1.
• it is chosen to be placed at the beginning of the plateau, that is to say the minimum travel (and therefore the minimum d / h ratio to provide the maximum efficiency), namely close to 0.6. In this way, it reduces the energy required for grinding samples and avoids any degradation of the tubes and the device.
• tubes 3a, 3b, 3c having the same height h.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
• Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-09-17 FR FR1458774A patent/FR3025729B1/fr active Active
• 2015
  • 2015-09-15 EP EP15775764.2A patent/EP3194075B1/fr active Active
  • 2015-09-15 JP JP2017514876A patent/JP6686005B2/ja active Active
  • 2015-09-15 ES ES15775764T patent/ES2772303T3/es active Active
  • 2015-09-15 US US15/511,077 patent/US10677692B2/en active Active
  • 2015-09-15 KR KR1020177010300A patent/KR102452263B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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