WO2016038672A1 - 発電システムおよび発電方法 - Google Patents
発電システムおよび発電方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016038672A1 WO2016038672A1 PCT/JP2014/073756 JP2014073756W WO2016038672A1 WO 2016038672 A1 WO2016038672 A1 WO 2016038672A1 JP 2014073756 W JP2014073756 W JP 2014073756W WO 2016038672 A1 WO2016038672 A1 WO 2016038672A1
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- output
- generator
- power generation
- pressure turbine
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
- F02C3/10—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor with another turbine driving an output shaft but not driving the compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/04—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/057—Control or regulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/36—Power transmission arrangements between the different shafts of the gas turbine plant, or between the gas-turbine plant and the power user
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/16—Control of working fluid flow
- F02C9/20—Control of working fluid flow by throttling; by adjusting vanes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00001—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by the display of information or by user interaction, e.g. supervisory control and data acquisition systems [SCADA] or graphical user interfaces [GUI]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
- F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05B2220/704—Application in combination with the other apparatus being a gas turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/06—Purpose of the control system to match engine to driven device
- F05D2270/061—Purpose of the control system to match engine to driven device in particular the electrical frequency of driven generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/40—Type of control system
- F05D2270/44—Type of control system active, predictive, or anticipative
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/70—Type of control algorithm
- F05D2270/71—Type of control algorithm synthesized, i.e. parameter computed by a mathematical model
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
- Y04S10/123—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/40—Display of information, e.g. of data or controls
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
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- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/20—Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power generation system.
- a thermal power plant is a power generation device that generates power by driving a power generation device based on combustion heat extracted from fossil fuel by combustion, and there are various power generation devices depending on the combination of fuel and power generation device. For example, coal or heavy oil is burned in a boiler, steam is generated by the combustion heat, a steam turbine power generator that drives a steam turbine to generate electricity, or the atmosphere is compressed by a compressor and fuel and compressed air are compressed by a combustor.
- a gas turbine power generator that generates power by driving a gas turbine with the combustion air, or using exhaust gas burned in the gas turbine, generating steam in an exhaust heat recovery boiler, and using the steam in the steam turbine There is a combined cycle power generation device that drives.
- Patent Document 1 in a power system in which a plurality of power sources having different capacities such as gas engines and gas turbine generators and thermoelectric loads are connected to an unstable power source of wind power generation or solar power generation, a power generation command corresponding to the system load is provided. And a control device that adjusts the amount of exhaust heat recovery and the amount of heat stored in the thermoelectric load.
- Patent Document 2 describes a combined plant that supplies surplus power from wind power generation equipment and gas turbine equipment to heavy oil reforming equipment.
- Patent Document 3 describes a system in which an auxiliary generator / motor is connected to a multi-shaft gas turbine engine having a plurality of spools, and partial load efficiency is improved by injecting power into the spool or extracting power from the spool.
- renewable energy especially wind power generation and solar power generation, affects the stabilization of the grid because the power output is affected by climate change.
- the increase in the introduction of renewable energy will accelerate further from the viewpoint of the environment and the diversification of energy sources, and the impact on the system will become noticeable.
- the gas turbine inlet temperature may exceed the limit value due to the power generation of the auxiliary generator / motor applied to the gas turbine power generation device.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for improving the follow-up performance of a power generation facility against load fluctuations and improving the reliability of the power generation facility.
- a power generation system includes a high-pressure turbine shaft, a compressor that generates compressed air according to the rotation of the high-pressure turbine shaft, and the compressed air and fuel.
- a combustor that generates combustion gas by burning, a high-pressure turbine that receives and rotates the combustion gas and drives the high-pressure turbine shaft, a low-pressure turbine shaft, and a gas that is discharged from the high-pressure turbine and rotates.
- a low-pressure turbine that drives the low-pressure turbine shaft, and a first generator that is connected to an electric power system, generates electric power using rotation of the low-pressure turbine shaft, and outputs the generated electric power to the electric power system.
- a gas turbine ; a second generator for accelerating and decelerating the high-pressure turbine shaft according to power input / output; a frequency converter connected to a terminal of the second generator; and the frequency converter And a transformer connected between the terminals of the first generator and an output target value that is a time-series target value of the output of the power generation system, and simulates dynamic characteristics of the multi-shaft gas turbine.
- the predicted value of the output of the first generator when the combustor is controlled to match the output of the first generator with the output target value is calculated, and the output target value and the output
- the first generator output command value that is the command value of the output from the first generator to the power system
- the second generator to the power system A second generator output command value that is an output command value is calculated, the combustor is controlled based on the first generator output command value, and the frequency conversion is performed based on the second generator output command value
- a control unit for controlling the device is
- the frequency converter frequency-converts the output of the second generator based on an instruction from the control unit and outputs the frequency to the power system.
- the second generator outputs electric power obtained by decelerating the high-pressure turbine shaft to the frequency converter, and the transformer boosts the output of the frequency converter and outputs it to the power system.
- the frequency converter performs frequency conversion on a part of the output of the first generator based on an instruction from the control unit.
- the transformer steps down a part of the output of the first generator and outputs it to the frequency converter, and the second generator uses the output of the frequency converter. And accelerating the high-pressure turbine shaft.
- FIG. 1 shows a two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the output of the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 with respect to demand fluctuation is shown.
- the structure of the electric power generation system of Example 1 is shown.
- the contents of the related information database 300 are shown.
- the contents of the driving information database 600 are shown.
- the structure of a wind power generation model is shown.
- the gas turbine control processing is shown.
- the relationship between the atmospheric temperature and the power generation output when M / G6 is not used is shown.
- the relationship between M / G input and power generation output is shown.
- the relationship between M / G input and power generation efficiency is shown.
- the modification of gas turbine control processing is shown.
- the initial screen is shown.
- the operation status display screen is shown.
- the trend display setting screen is shown.
- the trend graph screen is shown.
- the structure of the electric power generation system of Example 2 is shown.
- the configuration of the solar power generation model is shown.
- FIG. 1 shows a two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 includes a gas generator 15, a power turbine 16, a GT (Gas Turbine) controller (controller) 7a, and a frequency converter 10.
- the power turbine 16 includes a low-pressure turbine 2b, a low-pressure turbine shaft 12b that is a shaft thereof, and a generator 5 that converts the rotational force of the low-pressure turbine shaft 12b into electric power.
- the power turbine 16 rotates at a substantially constant low-pressure turbine rotational speed, thereby driving the generator 5 at a substantially constant low-pressure turbine rotational speed.
- the electric power generated by the generator 5 is transmitted to the electric power consumer through the electric power cable.
- the gas generator 15 is configured to include a compressor 1, a combustor 20, a high-pressure turbine 2a, an electric motor / sub-generator (M / G) 6, and a high-pressure turbine shaft 12a.
- the M / G 6, the compressor 1, and the high pressure turbine 2a share the high pressure turbine shaft 12a.
- the gas generator 15 Since the gas generator 15 has a structure mechanically separated from the power turbine 16, the gas generator 15 can rotate at a high-pressure turbine speed different from the low-pressure turbine speed.
- the compressor 1 generates compressed air 21 by sucking and compressing the atmosphere.
- an IGV (Inlet Guide Vane: inlet guide vane) 9 is provided at the intake inlet (intake port) of the compressor 1.
- the IGV 9 changes its opening area by rotating itself.
- the amount of air flowing into the compressor 1 can be changed by changing the opening degree CIGV of the IGV 9 by the GT control device 7a.
- the other governor which adjusts high-pressure turbine rotation speed may be used.
- the amount of air flowing into the compressor 1 can be changed by the M / G 6 adjusting the high-pressure turbine rotational speed.
- the combustor 20 mixes the compressed air 21 generated by the compressor 1 and the fuel from the fuel pipe at a substantially constant air-fuel ratio (mass ratio), and burns it in the burner 18 to generate the combustion gas 22.
- the combustion gas 22 first flows into the high-pressure turbine 2 a through the combustor liner 19.
- the fuel burned in the burner 18 is adjusted by a fuel flow control valve 8 provided in the fuel pipe.
- the GT control device 7 a controls the fuel flow rate control valve 8.
- the high-pressure turbine 2 a obtains a rotational force by the kinetic energy of the high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas 22.
- the rotational force is transmitted to the compressor 1 through the high-pressure turbine shaft 12a, and the compressor 1 is rotationally driven.
- the combustion gas 22 flows into the low-pressure turbine 2b of the power turbine 16 after a part of the kinetic energy is extracted by the high-pressure turbine 2a.
- the low-pressure turbine 2b obtains a rotational force from the kinetic energy of the combustion gas 22, transmits the rotational force to the generator 5 through the low-pressure turbine shaft 12b, and drives the generator 5 to rotate.
- the combustion gas 22 that has passed through the low-pressure turbine 2 b is discharged as the exhaust 14.
- a part of the compressed air 21 generated by the compressor 1 is extracted as the turbine cooling air 23 and supplied to the turbine 2 including the high pressure turbine 2 a and the low pressure turbine 2 b without passing through the combustor 20.
- a part of the turbine cooling air 23 is used for cooling the stationary blades 24 and the moving blades 25 constituting the turbine 2.
- the terminal of the M / G 6 that rotates together with the high-pressure turbine shaft 12a is connected to the system (power system) via the frequency converter 10 and the transformer 50, and the high-pressure turbine shaft is exchanged with the system.
- the operation of 12a can be adjusted. Specifically, by supplying power to the M / G 6 by the frequency converter 10, the M / G 6 operates as a motor and supplies energy to the high-pressure turbine shaft 12a. Conversely, by extracting electric power from the M / G 6 by the frequency converter 10, the M / G 6 operates as a generator and reduces the energy of the high-pressure turbine shaft 12a.
- the GT control device 7a includes a high pressure turbine rotational speed detected by the high pressure turbine rotational speed detector 26a, a low pressure turbine rotational speed detected by the low pressure turbine rotational speed detector 26b, and a target value of output power from the generator 5 to the system.
- An FFD signal for receiving the input including the generator output command value (MWD) indicating the output and the sub-generator output command value (IMWD) indicating the target value of the output power from the M / G 6 to the system and controlling the fuel flow control valve 8
- the CIGV signal for controlling the opening degree of the IGV 9 and the frequency converter control signal for controlling the frequency converter 10 are generated and transmitted.
- the GT control device 7a may include a protection function for preventing an excessive temperature rise of each part, propagation of an accident, and the like. Further, the GT control device 7a obtains measurement values from sensors that measure the atmospheric temperature, the exhaust temperature that is the temperature of the exhaust 14 of the low-pressure turbine 2b, the transformer cooling water temperature that is the temperature of the cooling water of the transformer 50, and the like. . The exhaust temperature changes according to the gas turbine inlet temperature, which is the temperature of the combustion gas 22 at the inlet of the high-pressure turbine 2a.
- ⁇ Two-shaft gas turbines without M / G6 are difficult to follow abrupt power generation requirements due to mechanical delays.
- the high-speed turbine shaft 12a is set to a variable speed, and the fluctuation is absorbed by the change in the high-pressure turbine rotational speed due to M / G6.
- improvement of atmospheric temperature characteristics and improvement of efficiency at the time of partial load are realized.
- the GT control device 7a controls the output power of the two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100 by controlling the high-pressure turbine rotational speed using the M / G 6 in addition to the control of the fuel flow rate. For example, when it is desired to increase the output, the GT control device 7a decreases the high-pressure turbine rotational speed by M / G6, releases the rotational energy of the shaft as electric power, and decreases the output by M / G6 to increase the high-pressure turbine. The number of revolutions can be increased and power can be stored as the rotational energy of the shaft. By performing the output change not depending on the fuel flow rate, it is possible to obtain a high output change rate while avoiding a decrease in life due to thermal fatigue of the turbine 2 or the like.
- the capacity of the frequency converter 10 of this embodiment can be made smaller than the capacity of the generator 5.
- the low-pressure turbine 2b that bears most of the output rotates at a constant speed.
- the frequency converter 10 is required only on the side of the high-pressure turbine 2a that performs variable speed operation, and thus the capacity of the frequency converter 10 can be reduced.
- it can be handled by using the frequency converter 10 having a capacity of 10% of the rated output. Thereby, the cost of the frequency converter 10 can be reduced.
- the GT control device 7a performs control so that the energy recovered by the high-pressure turbine and the energy consumed by the compressor 1 are balanced.
- this control method includes changing the compressor intake air flow rate by adjusting the opening of the IGV 9. For example, when the high-pressure turbine rotational speed is higher than the set value, the GT control device 7a increases the opening of the IGV 9 and increases the compressor intake air flow rate, thereby increasing the kinetic energy consumed by the compressor 1. High-speed turbine speed decreases. Conversely, when the high-pressure turbine rotational speed is lower than the set value, the GT control device 7a decreases the opening of the IGV 9, thereby increasing the high-pressure turbine rotational speed.
- the GT control device 7a changes the output of the generator 5 by changing the fuel flow rate.
- the GT control device 7a calculates a fuel flow rate command value (FFD) indicating a required fuel flow rate according to a generator output command value (MWD) instructed from the outside, and sends it to the fuel flow rate control valve 8.
- FFD fuel flow rate command value
- MWD generator output command value
- the GT control device 7a balances the energy recovered from the combustion gas 22 by the high-pressure turbine 2a with the energy necessary for driving the compressor 1 so that the high-pressure turbine rotational speed becomes equal to the set value.
- the opening degree of IGV9 is controlled.
- the high-pressure turbine rotational speed is not uniquely determined with respect to the output, but can be changed.
- FIG. 2 shows the output of the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 with respect to demand fluctuation.
- the demand increases in the two-shaft gas turbine power generator of the comparative example not including M / G6 and the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 of the present embodiment will be described.
- the first column on the left represents the operation when the demand fluctuation rate is small (demand gradually increases) in the gas turbine of the comparative example.
- the row represents the operation when the demand fluctuation speed is large (the demand suddenly increases) in the gas turbine of the comparative example
- the third column on the right side shows the demand fluctuation speed in the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 of the present embodiment. It represents the operation when it is large.
- the top row of the first row represents the power fluctuation over time (demand fluctuation).
- the graph in the second row below represents the time variation of the gas turbine output.
- the graph in the third row below represents the time change of the system frequency.
- the graph in the fourth row below represents the time change of the high-pressure turbine rotational speed.
- the graph in the lowermost fifth row represents the time change of the low-pressure turbine speed.
- the horizontal axis of these five-line graphs is a common time axis.
- the fluctuation in demand can be absorbed by the output control based on the fuel flow rate.
- the demand fluctuation becomes large, the output change with respect to the target value according to the demand fluctuation.
- the low-pressure turbine rotational speed decreases and the system frequency also decreases.
- the low-pressure turbine rotational speed increases and the system frequency also increases.
- the frequency converter 10 is used to extract the shortage of the output change due to the control of the fuel flow rate from the M / G 6.
- the frequency converter 10 controls to reduce the high-pressure turbine rotational speed, and the rotational energy is converted into electric power to compensate for the shortage.
- the opening degree of the IGV 9 is determined so that the energy consumed by the compressor 1 and the recovered energy by the high-pressure turbine 2a are balanced even with the reduced high-pressure turbine rotational speed.
- the output frequency of the M / G 6 corresponding to the high-pressure turbine rotational speed is converted into a reference frequency by the frequency converter 10.
- the frequency converter 10 converts AC power input from one terminal into DC power, and further converts the AC power into AC power having a designated frequency and outputs the AC power to the other terminal.
- the control device 200 increases the fuel flow rate of the combustor 20 by controlling the combustor 20 and also controls the frequency converter 10 to control the high-pressure turbine shaft using the M / G 6.
- the control device 200 reduces the fuel flow rate by controlling the combustor 20, and controls the frequency converter 10 to control the high-pressure turbine using the M / G6.
- the axis 12a is accelerated. Since the response of the output by the control of the frequency converter 10 is faster than the response of the output by the control of the combustor 20, the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 of the present embodiment can follow a sudden change in demand.
- the GT control device 7a opens the opening of the IGV 9 so that the kinetic energy consumed by the compressor 1 and the kinetic energy received by the high-pressure turbine 2a from the combustion gas 22 are balanced. To decide. Specifically, the GT control device 7a opens the IGV 9 when the high-pressure turbine rotational speed decreases, and closes the IGV 9 when the high-pressure turbine rotational speed increases, thereby making the compressor intake air flow rate substantially constant. keep. Thereby, the output of the generator 5 which maintains an air fuel ratio with respect to a fuel flow rate can be maintained at a command value.
- the efficiency of the compressor 1 is improved when the IGV 9 is opened.
- the GT control device 7a increases the output by increasing the fuel and the M / G 6 reduces the high-pressure turbine rotation speed by braking the compressor 1, the IGV 9 is opened.
- the efficiency of the compressor 1 is improved, the discharge air temperature of the compressor 1 is lowered, and the energy consumed by the compressor 1 is reduced. Therefore, in addition to the increase in output due to the increase in fuel, the output also increases due to the decrease in energy consumption by the compressor 1.
- the temperature of the combustion gas 22 decreases due to a decrease in the discharge air temperature
- the amount of increase in the temperature of the combustion gas 22 due to the increase in fuel can be reduced, and the reliability can be improved.
- the GT control device 7a decreases the output by reducing the fuel and the M / G 6 increases the high-pressure turbine rotation speed by assisting the compressor 1, the IGV 9 is closed.
- compressor efficiency falls, the discharge air temperature of the compressor 1 increases, and the energy consumption by the compressor 1 increases. Therefore, in addition to a decrease in output due to a decrease in fuel, an increase in energy consumption by the compressor 1 also decreases the output.
- the temperature of the combustion gas 22 increases due to the increase in the discharge air temperature
- the amount of decrease in the temperature of the combustion gas 22 due to the fuel decrease can be reduced, and the reliability can be improved. Such a beneficial synergistic effect can be obtained.
- the operating point may be set so that the compressor efficiency increases when the high-pressure turbine rotational speed decreases and the compressor efficiency decreases when the high-pressure turbine rotational speed increases.
- FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the power generation system of the first embodiment.
- This power generation system includes a wind power generation device 30, a two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100, a control device 200, a support tool 910, an input device 900, and an image display device 950.
- the wind power generator 30 includes a plurality of wind power generators 31.
- the wind power generator 30 includes an anemometer for measuring the wind condition, and controls the blade pitch and the windmill direction (yaw) according to the wind condition.
- the wind power generator 30 generates power by receiving a wind speed of a certain level or more, and changes the pitch so that the wind is not received by the blade when the wind is strong.
- the characteristic of the power generation output with respect to the wind speed depends on the design of the wind power generator 30.
- the wind condition information obtained by the wind power generator 30 and the measurement signal 120 necessary for control and the control signal 130 for controlling the wind power generator 30 are accumulated in the control device 200.
- the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 is controlled to a desired state in response to the control signal 150 from the controller 200.
- the control signal 150 (output command) includes an MWD for controlling the combustor 20 and an IMWD for controlling the frequency converter 10.
- the state quantity of each part of the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 is taken into the control device 200 as a measurement signal 140.
- the control device 200 operates various operation ends so as to be in an appropriate operation state with respect to the power generation request based on the measurement signal 140 from the two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100.
- the related information database 300 stores information for predicting wind power generation and grasping the current situation.
- the operation information database 600 stores measurement signals 120 and 140 obtained from the wind power generator 30 and the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100, respectively. The form of these data will be described in detail later.
- the model calculation unit 400 calculates a predicted value of the wind power generation output that is the output of the wind power generator 30 based on information obtained from the measurement signals 120 and 140, and outputs a signal that cancels the fluctuation of the wind power generation as a biaxial type.
- the output value at the time of inputting to the gas turbine power generator 100 is calculated.
- examples of data necessary for calculating a predicted value of wind power generation output include atmospheric information such as outside air (atmosphere) temperature and humidity, wind speed, output of the wind power generator 31, and the like. The form of these data will be described in detail later.
- the control unit 500 receives the result of the model calculation unit 400 and calculates and outputs an appropriate control signal 130. Based on the control signal 130, the air amount and fuel flow rate of the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 are manipulated to control the output. The same applies to the control signal of the frequency converter 10. The signals and information generated by these control devices 200 are also output to the support tool 910 as necessary. The algorithm for obtaining the control signal 130 will be described in detail later.
- a user such as an operator related to the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 can use the support tool 910 to view various information regarding the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100.
- the support tool 910 is connected to an input device 900 including a keyboard 901 and a mouse 902, and an image display device 950. Further, the support tool 910 can access information in the control device 200.
- the support tool 910 includes an external input interface 920, a data transmission / reception processing unit 930, and an external output interface 940.
- the support tool 910 may be a computer including a memory and a microprocessor.
- the input signal 800 generated by the input device 900 is taken into the support tool 910 via the external input interface 920.
- information from the control device 200 is taken into the support tool 910 via the external input interface 920.
- the data transmission / reception processing unit 930 processes the input signal 801 received by the external input interface 920 and transmits it as an output signal 802 to the external output interface 940.
- the output signal 803 is displayed on the image display device 950.
- FIG. 4 shows the contents of the related information database 300.
- the related information database 300 includes climate state information.
- the climate state information here includes not only items related to wind power generation but also items related to solar power generation.
- the climate state information is information periodically measured by an external sensor or the wind power generator 30 and has an entry for each time. An entry at a certain time includes time, weather, temperature, wind direction, wind speed, humidity, and solar radiation. The period of time is determined by the measurable time width.
- the weather is expressed using 15 types sent to the general public by the Japan Meteorological Agency.
- As for the wind direction 16 directions are generally used in Japan.
- 360 directions expressed by dividing 360 degrees in the clockwise direction with reference to true north are used. In the figure, 360 azimuths are represented, but even in 16 azimuths, if a ratio of 22.5 degrees is given to each azimuth, it can be numerically expressed in degrees as well.
- the related information database 300 also stores design information of the wind power generator 30, design information of the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100, information such as system connection regulations and rules.
- FIG. 5 shows the contents of the operation information database 600.
- the operation information database 600 stores information periodically measured by the wind power generator 30 and the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 for each measured time. Each time entry has an item for each measurement value.
- the PID number is a unique number assigned to each measured value so that the data stored in the driving information database 600 can be easily used.
- the alphabet below the PID number is a symbol indicating the measurement target.
- the flow rate value F, the temperature value T, the pressure value P, the power generation output value E, and the concentration value D is stored at a cycle of 1 second, but the sampling cycle of data collection differs depending on the target two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100.
- the temperature value T is an atmospheric temperature, an exhaust temperature, a transformer cooling water temperature, or the like.
- the model calculation unit 400 creates a wind power generation model for obtaining the future wind power generation output from the wind condition and the current wind power output, and inputs the measured value to the wind power generation model, thereby obtaining the output of the wind power generation model. Calculated as the predicted value of renewable energy output.
- FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the wind power generation model.
- the wind power generation model has an input layer, an intermediate layer, and an output layer, and each layer includes a plurality of nodes. These nodes are linked from the input layer to the output layer, and a weighting coefficient representing the strength of the link is set. That is, there are as many weighting coefficients as the number of connections between nodes.
- the wind power generation model is called a neural network, which simulates a human cranial nerve network. By giving an input value to the wind power generation model and adjusting the weighting coefficient so that a desired output value for the input value is output, the correlation of the input value can be expressed as a model. This adjustment is called learning.
- the input value is the temperature, wind speed, humidity, or the operation information stored in the related information database 300 past the target time.
- the output of the wind power generator 30 and the like stored in the database 600, and the output value is the output of the wind power generator 30 at the target time.
- the function set for each node generally uses an exponential function called a sigmoid function, but is not limited thereto.
- many algorithms have been devised that appropriately adjust the weighting factor during learning. In general, the back propagation method is used.
- the model calculation unit 400 learns parameters in the wind power generation model based on data or design data accumulated in the past to construct the wind power generation model. After the start of operation, the model calculation unit 400 performs prediction based on the parameters obtained by learning. If the magnitude of the difference between the predicted value and the actually measured value becomes larger than a predetermined set value, Based on the data accumulated in, learn again and build a wind power generation model.
- the predicted time which is the length of time for which the predicted value is calculated, is determined by the characteristics of the power generation output of the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100. That is, it is necessary to predict in advance the delay from when the MWD is given to the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 until the output of the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 actually becomes equal to the MWD. This will be described later.
- model calculation unit 400 uses a gas turbine model that represents the two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100 for MWD to the two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100, and outputs a target value and a measured value to the gas turbine model. Is input, the output of the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 is predicted.
- a gas turbine model is set in advance.
- a dynamic characteristic model based on a mass balance of pressure and flow rate is generally used, but modeling using a neural network is also possible in the same manner as a wind power generation model.
- the amount of power that the two-shaft gas turbine power generation apparatus 100 should cover is the output that offsets the wind power generation output, that is, the system output target value (total output target value) that is the target of the power generation system output. Value.
- This value is referred to as a gas turbine output target value that is an output target value of the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100.
- a delay due to a mechanical element occurs, so that the output of the generator 5 is delayed with respect to the input MWD change.
- the model calculation unit 400 uses the gas turbine model to calculate the output of the generator 5 when the system output target value is given as the MWD to the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 when the M / G 6 is not used.
- the maximum load change rate of the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 when the M / G 6 is not used may be set. In this case, the gas turbine model behaves so as to follow the system output command value within the maximum load change rate.
- the control unit 500 sets the output of the gas turbine model as MWD to the two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100, and sets the difference that cannot be followed by the gas turbine model as IMWD that is given to the frequency converter 10.
- the gas turbine model may use a transfer function that has a lighter calculation load than the dynamic characteristic model.
- the transfer function in this case takes into account the first-order delay or dead time so that the mechanical delay of the gas turbine can be simulated.
- FIG. 7 shows the gas turbine control process
- step 501 the control unit 500 determines a system output target value from the connection conditions of the system.
- System connection conditions indicate conditions for the power generation system to be connected (connected) to the system, and vary depending on countries and regions. Many connection conditions specify a load fluctuation tolerance and a frequency fluctuation tolerance. If the system is such that several power sources are connected in addition to the power generation system of the present embodiment, the system can absorb frequency fluctuations even if the output of the two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100 is rapidly changed. . Therefore, the control unit 500 calculates the system output target value in consideration of the load fluctuation allowable width.
- the system output target value may be a power supply command value issued from the central power supply command station and instructing the output of the power generation system.
- step 502 the control unit 500 measures the renewable energy output that is the predicted value of the renewable energy output obtained by the model calculation unit 400 and the current measured value of the wind power generator 30 obtained from the operation information database 600.
- the error is calculated by subtracting the measured value of the renewable energy output from the predicted value of the renewable energy output, and it is determined whether or not the magnitude of the error is equal to or less than a preset allowable error value.
- control unit 500 shifts the process to step 503. Otherwise (No), the control unit 500 shifts the process to step 504.
- step 503 the control unit 500 calculates the gas turbine output target value by subtracting the wind power generation output predicted value from the system output target value, and shifts the processing to step 506.
- the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 can absorb the output fluctuation of the renewable energy power generator such as the wind power generator 30.
- the control unit 500 determines the power supply and demand of the grid based on the demand for power in the power grid in the grid and information on other generators. A predicted value of fluctuation may be calculated, and a gas turbine output target value may be calculated based on the predicted value of power supply and demand fluctuation. As a result, it is possible to predict power supply and demand fluctuations using information acquired from the outside, and to calculate a gas turbine output target value.
- step 504 the control unit 500 re-learns the wind power generation model. Thereafter, in step 505, the gas turbine output target value is calculated by subtracting the renewable energy output measurement value from the system output target value, and the process proceeds to step 506. That is, in this case, the control unit 500 does not use the renewable energy output predicted value.
- step 506 the control unit 500 inputs the gas turbine output target value to the model calculation unit 400 to calculate the predicted generator output value.
- the model calculation unit 400 calculates the generator output prediction value by inputting the gas turbine output target value and the measurement value to the gas turbine model.
- control unit 500 calculates the output difference value by subtracting the generator output predicted value from the gas turbine output target value. Thereafter, in step 508, control unit 500 sets the generator output prediction value to MWD, and sets the output difference value to IMWD.
- control unit 500 sets the generator output prediction value to MWD, and sets the output difference value to IMWD.
- step 509 the control unit 500 performs an atmospheric temperature correction process for correcting IMWD based on the atmospheric temperature.
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the atmospheric temperature and the power generation output when M / G6 is not used.
- the power generation output is 100% (rated) until the atmospheric temperature reaches a certain design temperature (atmospheric temperature threshold), but the output decreases as the atmospheric temperature rises above the design temperature.
- the M / G 6 connected to the compressor 1 serves as an electric motor by being supplied with electric energy from the frequency converter 10, and the motion of the compressor 1. It receives energy and outputs electrical energy to the frequency converter 10 to act as a generator.
- the output can be improved even when the atmospheric temperature is higher than the design temperature by assisting the compressor 1 by the M / G 6 supplied with electricity from the frequency converter 10.
- the power input from the frequency converter 10 to the M / G 6 is referred to as an M / G input.
- IMWD represents the power output from the M / G 6 to the frequency converter 10
- the sign of the M / G input is opposite to the sign of the IMWD.
- FIG. 9 shows the relationship between M / G input and power generation output.
- the atmospheric temperature is higher than the design temperature and the M / G input is 0, that is, the power generation output is lower than 100%.
- the kinetic energy of the compressor 1 is increased by the M / G 6, and even if the IGV opening is fully open, the compressor 1 Therefore, the mass flow rate of the compressed air 21 increases, and the compressed air 21 that reacts with the mass flow rate of the fuel set according to the MWD increases.
- the output can be increased.
- the output of the generator 5 cannot be increased indefinitely.
- the compressed air 21 increases, the fuel that reacts increases, so that the combustion temperature rises and the exhaust gas temperature is set in advance. When the value is reached, the fuel is squeezed, so it decreases. That is, there is a limit to M / G input.
- FIG. 10 shows the relationship between M / G input and power generation efficiency.
- the power generation efficiency is the same as the power generation output.
- the efficiency is lowered. This is because the compressor 1 is designed to be most efficient at the rated point.
- the ambient temperature is higher than the design temperature and the M / G input is 0, the operating point of the compressor 1 approaches the rated point when electric energy is input to the M / G 6 by increasing the M / G input. The efficiency of the compressor 1 increases.
- the control unit 500 determines the M / G input (assist amount) so as to be optimal in the atmospheric temperature state and the partial load state, and the IMWD.
- the IMWD is corrected by subtracting the M / G input from.
- the control unit 500 determines the M / G input that maximizes the total value of the increase amount of the power generation output and the increase amount of the power generation efficiency with respect to the increase of the M / G input.
- the controller 500 may select an M / G input that maximizes either the amount of increase in power generation output or the amount of increase in power generation efficiency.
- control unit 500 may set a value obtained by inverting the sign of the M / G input to IMWD without using the IMWD set in step 508.
- the output of the generator 5 can be brought close to the MWD when the atmospheric temperature is higher than the design temperature.
- the controller 500 determines whether or not the state of the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 satisfies a predetermined M / G restriction condition (frequency converter restriction condition).
- the M / G limit condition is, for example, that IMWD is outside a predetermined IMWD limit range, or that the coolant temperature of the transformer 50 exceeds a preset coolant temperature limit value.
- the control unit 500 outputs an output command including MWD and IMWD to the two-shaft type. It outputs to the gas turbine power generator 100, and this flow is complete
- step 511 when it is determined in step 511 that the state of the two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100 satisfies the M / G restriction condition (Yes), the control unit 500 restricts IMWD in step 512 and proceeds to step 511. Transition.
- IMWD limit range when M / G6 increases or decreases the torque of compressor 1 according to the amount of assist by IMWD (when M / G6 operates as a motor) or the amount of brake (when M / G6 operates as a generator) (Command value range) exists.
- IMWD when M / G6 operates as a motor
- brake when M / G6 operates as a generator
- Common value range exists.
- the M / G input when the atmospheric temperature is high, if the M / G input is increased, the kinetic energy of the compressor 1 is increased, and if the amount of air taken in is increased, the fuel can be increased and the output is increased. .
- Increasing the M / G input indefinitely does not increase the output indefinitely.
- the gas turbine inlet temperature and the exhaust temperature rise in proportion to the amount of fuel input, and the exhaust temperature reaches the exhaust temperature limit value.
- the IMWD at this time is set as the lower limit value of the IMWD restriction range.
- the IMWD at this time is set as the upper limit value of the IMWD restriction range.
- the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the IMWD limit range are desirably about 10% or less of the rated output of the generator 5, and there is a considerable difference between the voltage of the generator 5 and the voltage of the frequency converter 10. Therefore, the transformer 50 is required between the generator 5 and the frequency converter 10.
- the technique of Patent Document 3 since the main generator and the inverter device are not connected by a transformer, the technique cannot be applied to a use where a voltage difference occurs.
- the capacity of the frequency converter is desirably 10% or less of the rated output of the gas turbine power generator. This is because the gas turbine inlet temperature may exceed the limit value at higher inputs.
- the control unit 500 changes the IMWD to the upper limit value of the IMWD limit range in step 512.
- the control unit 500 changes IMWD to the lower limit value of the IMWD limit range.
- step 512 when it is determined in step 511 that the cooling water temperature exceeds the cooling water temperature upper limit value, in step 512, the control unit 500 sets IMWD to 0 so that M / G6, the frequency converter 10, and the transformer 50 are set. Stop the operation. Thereby, the control part 500 is controlled so that an electric current may not be sent through the transformer 50 until a cooling water temperature becomes below a cooling water temperature limit value.
- the output of the two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100 follows the gas turbine output target value at high speed by using M / G6, the electric power travels back and forth in the frequency converter 10 in a short time. Therefore, the voltage applied to both ends of the transformer 50 between the frequency converter 10 and the system changes suddenly. Thereby, since the cooling water temperature of the transformer 50 changes suddenly, the state quantity of the transformer 50 such as the cooling water temperature is constantly monitored, and the condition of the cooling water temperature is included in the M / G restriction condition.
- steps 507 and 508 and step 509 can be interchanged.
- control part 500 may give a restriction
- the frequency converter 10 converts the output of the M / G 6 based on an instruction from the control device 200 and outputs it to the system.
- the M / G 6 outputs power obtained by decelerating the high-pressure turbine shaft 12a to the frequency converter 10, and the transformer 50 boosts the output of the frequency converter 10 and outputs it to the system.
- the frequency converter 10 converts a part of the output of the generator 5 based on an instruction from the control device 200 to M / G6.
- the transformer 50 steps down a part of the output of the generator 5 and outputs it to the frequency converter 10, and the M / G 6 accelerates the high-pressure turbine shaft 12 a using the output of the frequency converter 10.
- the output of the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 can be made to follow at high speed with respect to the fluctuation in the demand of the system and the output fluctuation of the renewable energy power generator.
- the generator 5 in the case where the combustor 50 is controlled to match the output of the generator 5 with the gas turbine output target value using a dynamic characteristic model that simulates the dynamic characteristic of the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100.
- the output delay of the generator 5 due to the control of the combustor 20 is calculated. This can be reflected in the control, and the gas turbine output target value can be appropriately distributed to the generator 5 and the M / G 6. Further, by using the transformer 50 to suppress the output of the M / G 6 to be lower than the output of the generator 5, it is possible to prevent an excessive increase in the gas turbine inlet temperature and the like. Reliability can be improved.
- the reliability of the two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100 can be improved by restricting the operation of the frequency converter 10.
- the cooling water temperature exceeds the cooling water temperature limit value
- an excessive increase in the cooling water temperature of the transformer 50 can be prevented by stopping the operation of the frequency converter 10.
- IMWD is outside the IMWD limit range
- an excessive increase in the gas turbine inlet temperature or the like can be prevented by changing IMWD to a value within the IMWD limit range.
- FIG. 11 shows a modification of the gas turbine control process.
- step 520 the control unit 500 generates a system output target value from the connection conditions of the system. Thereafter, in step 521, the control unit 500 calculates the gas turbine output target value by subtracting the renewable energy output measurement value from the system output target value.
- control unit 500 executes Steps 522 to 533 similar to Steps 506 to 513 described above.
- the operator of the power generation system can use the support tool 910 to monitor the state of the power generation system.
- the support tool 910 causes the image display device 950 to display a screen showing information on the measurement signal 120, the control signal 130, the related information database 300, the set value, and the driving information database 600.
- the operator performs an operation such as inputting a parameter value in an input field in the screen using the keyboard 901 and the mouse 902.
- FIG. 12 shows the initial screen.
- the initial screen includes an operation state display button 951 and a trend display button 952.
- the operator selects a necessary button from the operation state display button 951 and the trend display button 952, moves the cursor 953 using the mouse 902, and clicks the mouse 902 to display a desired screen.
- the data transmission / reception processing unit 930 causes the image display device 950 to display an operation state display screen.
- the trend display button 952 is clicked, the data transmission / reception processing unit 930 causes the image display device 950 to display a trend display setting screen.
- FIG. 13 shows an operation state display screen.
- the operation state display screen includes a system information display field 961, a time input field 962, a display button 963, a characteristic state display field 964, a setting condition display field 965, a related information display field 966, a display button 967, and a return button 968.
- the data transmission / reception processing unit 930 causes the image display device 950 to display an initial screen.
- the system information display column 961 shows a system diagram of the power generation system.
- the operator inputs the time of information to be displayed on the image display device 950 in the time input field 962 and clicks the display button 963, so that the data transmission / reception processing unit 930 designates each part in the system information display field 961.
- the status of the specified time is displayed.
- the system information display column 961 displays state quantities such as temperature and pressure at the currently measured location at corresponding locations in the system diagram.
- the characteristic state display column 964 displays characteristic states such as a power generation prediction error and a power generation output delay calculated based on values obtained by the gas turbine control process.
- the controller 500 calculates a power generation prediction error by subtracting the actual measurement value from the predicted value of the output of the power generation system. Further, the control unit 500 compares the gas turbine output target value with the measured value of the output of the two-shaft gas turbine power generation apparatus 100, thereby giving an output command based on the gas turbine output target value to the two-shaft gas turbine power generation. The time from the time of transmission to the apparatus 100 to the time when the output of the two-shaft gas turbine power generation apparatus 100 reaches the gas turbine output target value is calculated as a power generation output delay.
- the setting condition display field 965 displays various setting conditions for the gas turbine control process.
- the setting conditions are, for example, the above-described prediction allowable error, load fluctuation allowable width [%], and frequency fluctuation allowable width [%].
- the setting condition may include an IWMD restriction range.
- the related information display field 966 shows options for items such as weather, temperature, wind direction, wind speed, humidity, and solar radiation.
- the data transmission / reception processing unit 930 displays the information on the selected item as related.
- the information is searched from the information database 300 and displayed on the image display device 950.
- the operator selects items to be displayed for the gas turbine (GT) inlet temperature, the GT exhaust temperature, and the transformer cooling water temperature, which are the restrictions, and clicks the display button 967, so that the data transmission / reception processing unit
- GT gas turbine
- the controller 500 may estimate the GT inlet temperature based on the GT exhaust temperature.
- FIG. 14 shows a trend display setting screen.
- the trend display setting screen includes a measurement signal display field 981, a time input field 982, a display button 983, a related information display field 984, a time input field 985, a display button 986, and a return button 989.
- the data transmission / reception processing unit 930 causes the image display device 950 to display an initial screen.
- the operator selects a measurement signal or an operation signal to be displayed on the image display device 950 in the measurement signal display field 981, and inputs a range (upper limit / lower limit) of the value of the selected signal.
- the signals include system output target value, renewable energy output predicted value, renewable energy output measurement value, gas turbine output target value, MWD, IMWD, FFD, generator 5 output, M / G6 output, 2-axis This is the output of the gas turbine power generator 100.
- the operator inputs the time range of the selected signal in the time input field 982.
- the data transmission / reception processing unit 930 searches the related information database 300 for the selected signal, and displays the trend graph display screen including the trend graph of the obtained signal as an image. It is displayed on the display device 950.
- the related information display column 984 shows the same items as the related information display column 966 as options.
- the operator selects any item from the weather, temperature, wind direction, wind speed, humidity, and solar radiation amount in the related information display field 984, inputs the time range into the time input field 985, and clicks the display button 986.
- the data transmission / reception processing unit 930 searches the related information database 300 for information on the selected item, and causes the image display device 950 to display a trend graph display screen including the obtained information.
- the trend graph about weather is expressed using 15 types which the Meteorological Agency has transmitted to the general public as mentioned above.
- the data transmission / reception processing unit 930 assigns a number to each type, and uses this as a trend graph. That is, the data transmission / reception processing unit 930 sequentially assigns numbers up to 14, such as 0 for clear weather, 1 for clear weather, and 2 for light cloudiness.
- the operator selects an arbitrary item from the GT inlet temperature, the GT exhaust temperature, and the transformer coolant temperature, which are restrictions, in the related information display field 984, and inputs the time range in the time input field 985.
- the display button 986 is clicked, the data transmission / reception processing unit 930 searches the related information database 300 for information on the selected item, and displays a trend graph display screen including the obtained information on the image display device 950. Display.
- FIG. 15 shows a trend graph screen.
- the trend graph screen includes a trend graph 992 for each item selected on the trend display setting screen and a return button 991.
- the range of the horizontal axis of the trend graph 992 is the time range specified on the trend display setting screen.
- the range of the vertical axis of the trend graph 992 is a range designated on the trend display setting screen.
- the trend graph 992 may display a time change such as a measured value of the output of the two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100 and a gas turbine output target value, or may display a trend graph comparing them. .
- the data transmission / reception processing unit 930 causes the image display device 950 to display a trend display setting screen.
- the operator can monitor the state of the power generation system together with the environment and the climate. Further, the support tool 910 compares the gas turbine output target value, the gas turbine output measured value that is the measured value of the output of the two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100, and the comparison result of the gas turbine output measured value and the gas turbine output target value. Etc. are displayed on the image display device 950, the operator can monitor whether or not the two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100 is following the demand. Moreover, the support tool 910 can monitor the abnormality due to the operation of the M / G 6 by displaying the cooling water temperature or the like on the image display device 950.
- FIG. 16 shows the configuration of the power generation system of the second embodiment.
- the power generation system of the present embodiment includes a solar power generation apparatus 1000 instead of the wind power generation apparatus 30 as a renewable energy power generation apparatus.
- the solar power generation apparatus 1000 is a combination of a plurality of solar panels 1100.
- the control device 200 predicts the output of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 1000 using a photovoltaic power generation model that is a model of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 1000 instead of the model calculation unit 400, and predicts a renewable energy output predicted value.
- a model calculation unit 401 is included.
- FIG. 17 shows the configuration of the photovoltaic power generation model.
- This solar power generation model is represented by a neural network similar to the wind power generation model, and is a model for predicting the future power generation output of the solar power generation apparatus 1000 from input values of past temperature, humidity, solar radiation amount, and power generation output. .
- the database is described in the format included in the control device 200, but the database may be a device outside the control device 200.
- the output to the system is supplied to the renewable energy power generation device.
- twin-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 is used, but the present invention can also be applied to a combined cycle plant. In the present embodiment, differences from the first embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 18 shows the configuration of the power generation system of the third embodiment.
- the power generation system of the present embodiment includes a steam turbine power generation device 710 instead of the wind power generation device 30.
- a power generation device that combines the two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100 and the steam turbine power generation device 710 is referred to as a combined cycle plant 700.
- the steam turbine power generation device 710 includes an exhaust heat recovery boiler 720, a steam turbine 730, a generator 740, a condenser 750, a feed water pump 760, and a stack 770.
- the exhaust heat recovery boiler 720 uses the exhaust heat of the exhaust 14 of the two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100 to drive the steam turbine 730 by generating steam by heat exchange.
- the control unit 500 uses the M / G 6 as a brake of the compressor 1 in normal operation, so that the air in the combustor 20 is reduced. Since the exhaust gas temperature rises, steam generation is promoted by an increase in the amount of heat in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 720 connected to the rear stage of the gas turbine, and the efficiency of the entire power generation system is improved. Since the efficiency of the two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100 alone is reduced, it is not normally performed, so the operation is specific to the combined cycle plant 700.
- the control unit 500 executes the same process as the modified example of the gas turbine control process, but does not use the wind power generation output and sets the system output target value as the gas turbine output target value.
- the model calculation unit 400 uses the dynamic characteristic model of the combined cycle plant 700 as a gas turbine model instead of the dynamic characteristic model of the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100.
- the present invention can be applied to a plurality of combined cycle plants.
- differences from the third embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 19 shows the configuration of the power generation system of the fourth embodiment.
- the power generation system of this embodiment includes a plurality of combined cycle plants.
- any one, any plurality, or all are the two-shaft gas turbine power generation devices 100 similar to those in the third embodiment. is there.
- a combined cycle plant including a two-shaft gas turbine power generator that does not include M / G 6 is referred to as a normal combined cycle plant 701
- a control device of the normal combined cycle plant 701 is referred to as a normal control device 201.
- the control unit 500 uses the M / G 6 as a brake for the compressor 1 during normal operation.
- the number of the two-shaft gas turbine power generation devices 100 among the plurality of gas turbine power generation devices increases, the amount of change in power that can follow the system load fluctuation or the system output target value increases. Distributes the system output target value to the gas turbine output target values in a range not exceeding the amount of change for a plurality of gas turbine power generators.
- the control unit 500 may equally distribute the system output target value to the plurality of two-shaft gas turbine power generators 100, or one biaxial gas from the plurality of two-shaft gas turbine power generators 100 sequentially.
- the turbine power generation device 100 may be selected and distributed such that the maximum change amount that can be followed with respect to the selected two-shaft gas turbine power generation device 100 may be obtained.
- the control unit 500 takes into account the influence of the change in the exhaust temperature of the two-shaft gas turbine power generator 100 on the thermal stress of the exhaust heat recovery boiler 720, and the change in the exhaust temperature is determined in advance. Control may be performed within an appropriate range, or an operator may monitor as a monitoring item and may set an M / G restriction condition using the support tool 910 when determined to be necessary. For example, by including the exhaust temperature condition in the M / G restriction condition, the control unit 500 may apply a restriction such as setting IMWD to 0 (does not transmit IMWD) when the change in the exhaust temperature exceeds the appropriate range. Good.
- the cost and size of the power generation system can be suppressed.
- the mechanical delay of the gas turbine can be compensated by absorbing / releasing the kinetic energy of the compressor 1 to follow the power generation request, and the frequency fluctuation of the system can be suppressed.
- IMWD can be determined in consideration of output delay of the two-shaft gas turbine power generator.
- the gas turbine can be optimally operated according to the atmospheric temperature and the load zone with the assistance of the compressor 1 by the M / G 6.
- the high-pressure turbine shaft the high-pressure turbine shaft 12a or the like may be used.
- the compressor 1 etc. may be used as a compressor.
- the combustor the combustor 20 or the like may be used.
- the high-pressure turbine the high-pressure turbine 2a or the like may be used.
- the low-pressure turbine shaft 12b or the like may be used as the low-pressure turbine shaft.
- the low pressure turbine the low pressure turbine 2b or the like may be used.
- the generator 5 or the like may be used as the first generator.
- the multi-shaft gas turbine the gas generator 15 and the power turbine 16 may be used.
- M / G6 etc. may be used as a 2nd generator.
- a frequency converter 10 or the like may be used as the frequency converter.
- the transformer the transformer 50 or the like may be used.
- the control unit the GT control device 7a, the control device 200, and the like may be used.
- a gas turbine output target value may be used as the output target value.
- a generator output command value (MWD) or the like may be used as the first generator output command value.
- An auxiliary generator output command value (IMWD) or the like may be used as the second generator output command value.
- IGV9 etc. may be used as an inlet guide vane.
- a support tool 910, an image display device 950, or the like may be used.
- the renewable energy generator the wind power generator 30 or the solar power generator 1000 may be used.
- a system output target value or the like may be used as the total output target value.
- An exhaust heat recovery boiler 720 or the like may be used as the exhaust heat recovery boiler.
- a steam turbine 730 or the like may be used as the steam turbine.
- a generator 740 or the like may be used as the steam turbine generator.
- a combined cycle plant 700 or the like may be used as the combined cycle plant.
- Operation information database 700 ... Combined cycle plant 710 ... Steam turbine power generation device 720 ... Waste heat recovery boiler 730 ... Steam Turbine 740 ... Generator 750 ... Condenser 60 ... the water supply pump 770 ... stack 1000 ... solar power generation apparatus 1100 ... solar panel
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Abstract
Description
について説明する。
Claims (14)
- 発電システムであって、
高圧タービン軸と、
前記高圧タービン軸の回転に応じて圧縮空気を生成する圧縮機と、
前記圧縮空気及び燃料を混合して燃焼させることにより燃焼ガスを生成する燃焼器と、
前記燃焼ガスを受けて回転し前記高圧タービン軸を駆動する高圧タービンと、
低圧タービン軸と、
前記高圧タービンから排出されるガスを受けて回転し前記低圧タービン軸を駆動する低圧タービンと、
電力系統に接続され、前記低圧タービン軸の回転を用いて発電し、発電した電力を前記電力系統へ出力する第一発電機と、
を含む多軸ガスタービンと、
電力の入出力に応じて前記高圧タービン軸の加減速を行う第二発電機と、
前記第二発電機の端子に接続される周波数変換器と、
前記周波数変換器及び前記第一発電機の端子の間に接続される変圧器と、
前記発電システムの出力の時系列の目標値である出力目標値を記憶し、前記多軸ガスタービンの動特性を模擬する動特性モデルを用いて、前記第一発電機の出力を前記出力目標値に合わせるように前記燃焼器を制御した場合の前記第一発電機の出力の予測値を算出し、前記出力目標値及び前記第一発電機の出力の予測値に基づいて、前記第一発電機から前記電力系統への出力の指令値である第一発電機出力指令値と、前記第二発電機から前記電力系統への出力の指令値である第二発電機出力指令値とを算出し、前記第一発電機出力指令値に基づいて前記燃焼器を制御し、前記第二発電機出力指令値に基づいて前記周波数変換器を制御する制御部と、
を備え、
前記第一発電機出力指令値が前記出力目標値より小さい場合、前記周波数変換器は、前記制御部からの指示に基づいて前記第二発電機の出力を周波数変換して前記電力系統へ出力することにより、前記第二発電機は、前記高圧タービン軸を減速させて得られる電力を前記周波数変換器へ出力し、前記変圧器は、前記周波数変換器の出力を昇圧して前記電力系統へ出力し、
前記第一発電機出力指令値が前記出力目標値より大きい場合、前記周波数変換器は、前記制御部からの指示に基づいて前記第一発電機の出力の一部を周波数変換して前記第二発電機へ出力することにより、前記変圧器は、前記第一発電機の出力の一部を降圧して前記周波数変換器へ出力し、前記第二発電機は、前記周波数変換器の出力を用いて前記高圧タービン軸を加速させる、
発電システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記周波数変換器の動作を制限する条件である周波数変換器制限条件を記憶し、前記発電システムの状態が前記周波数変換器制限条件を満たすと判定した場合、前記周波数変換器の動作を制限する、
請求項1に記載の発電システム。 - 前記周波数変換器制限条件は、前記変圧器の冷却水温度の限界値である冷却水温度限界値を含み、
前記制御部は、前記冷却水温度を取得し、前記冷却水温度が前記冷却水温度限界値を上回ると判定された場合、前記周波数変換器の動作を停止させる、
請求項2に記載の発電システム。 - 前記周波数変換器制限条件は、前記第二発電機出力指令値の範囲である指令値範囲を含み、
前記制御部は、前記第二発電機出力指令値が前記指令値範囲外であると判定された場合、前記第二発電機出力指令値を前記指令値範囲内の値に変更する、
請求項3に記載の発電システム。 - 前記出力目標値が増加した場合、前記制御部は、前記燃焼器を制御することにより、前記燃焼器の燃料流量を増加させると共に、前記周波数変換器を制御することにより、前記第二発電機を用いて前記高圧タービン軸を減速させ、
前記出力目標値が減少した場合、前記制御部は、前記燃焼器を制御することにより、前記燃料流量を減少させると共に、前記周波数変換器を制御することにより、前記第二発電機を用いて前記高圧タービン軸を加速させる、
請求項4に記載の発電システム。 - 前記圧縮機への空気の入口に設けられた入口案内翼を更に備え、
前記制御部は、前記高圧タービン軸の回転数に応じて前記入口案内翼の開度を制御することにより、前記圧縮空気の流量を略一定に保つ、
請求項5に記載の発電システム。 - 前記高圧タービン軸の回転数が減少すると、前記圧縮機の効率が向上し、
前記高圧タービン軸の回転数が増加すると、前記圧縮機の効率が低下する、
請求項6に記載の発電システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記第一発電機の出力の予測値を前記第一発電機出力指令値として算出し、前記出力目標値から前記第一発電機出力指令値を減ずることにより前記第二発電機出力指令値を算出する、
請求項7に記載の発電システム。 - 前記出力目標値と、前記発電システムから前記電力系統への出力の計測値である出力計測値と、前記出力目標値及び前記出力計測値の比較結果と、前記冷却水温度との、少なくとも何れかを表示する表示部を更に備える、
請求項8に記載の発電システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記電力系統における電力の需要と、他の発電機に関する情報とに基づいて、前記電力系統の電力需給変動の予測値を算出し、前記電力需給変動の予測値に基づいて、前記出力目標値を算出する、
請求項9に記載の発電システム。 - 再生可能エネルギーを用いて発電し前記電力系統へ出力する再生可能エネルギー発電機を更に備え、
前記制御部は、前記再生可能エネルギー発電機及び前記発電システムの出力の合計の目標値である合計出力目標値を記憶し、前記再生可能エネルギー発電機の出力の予測値を算出し、前記合計出力目標値から前記再生可能エネルギー発電機の出力の予測値を減ずることにより、前記出力目標値を算出する、
請求項10に記載の発電システム。 - 前記ガスタービンの排熱を用いて水を加熱して蒸気を発生させる排熱回収ボイラと、
前記蒸気を受けて回転する蒸気タービンと、
前記蒸気タービンの回転を用いて発電し、発電した電力を前記電力系統へ出力する蒸気タービン発電機と、
を更に備え、
前記動特性モデルは、前記ガスタービンと前記排熱回収ボイラと前記蒸気タービンと前記蒸気タービン発電機とを含むコンバインドサイクルプラントの動特性を示す、
請求項9に記載の発電システム。 - 前記制御部は、大気温度を取得し、前記大気温度が予め定められた大気温度閾値より高い場合、前記周波数変換器を制御することにより前記第二発電機に前記高圧タービン軸を加速させ、前記圧縮空気の流量を増加させることにより、前記第一発電機の出力を増加させる、
請求項9に記載の発電システム。 - 高圧タービン軸と、前記高圧タービン軸の回転に応じて圧縮空気を生成する圧縮機と、前記圧縮空気及び燃料を混合して燃焼させることにより燃焼ガスを生成する燃焼器と、前記燃焼ガスを受けて回転し前記高圧タービン軸を駆動する高圧タービンと、低圧タービン軸と、前記高圧タービンから排出されるガスを受けて回転し前記低圧タービン軸を駆動する低圧タービンと、電力系統に接続され、前記低圧タービン軸の回転を用いて発電し、発電した電力を前記電力系統へ出力する第一発電機と、を含む多軸ガスタービンと、電力の入出力に応じて前記高圧タービン軸の加減速を行う第二発電機と、前記第二発電機の端子に接続される周波数変換器と、前記周波数変換器及び前記第一発電機の端子の間に接続される変圧器と、を用いる発電方法であって、
前記発電システムの出力の時系列の目標値である出力目標値を記憶し、
前記多軸ガスタービンの動特性を模擬する動特性モデルを用いて、前記第一発電機の出力を前記出力目標値に合わせるように前記燃焼器を制御した場合の前記第一発電機の出力の予測値を算出し、
前記出力目標値及び前記第一発電機の出力の予測値に基づいて、前記第一発電機から前記電力系統への出力の指令値である第一発電機出力指令値と、前記第二発電機から前記電力系統への出力の指令値である第二発電機出力指令値とを算出し、
前記第一発電機出力指令値に基づいて前記燃焼器を制御し、前記第二発電機出力指令値に基づいて前記周波数変換器を制御し、
前記第一発電機出力指令値が前記出力目標値より小さい場合、前記周波数変換器により、前記制御部からの指示に基づいて前記第二発電機の出力を周波数変換して前記電力系統へ出力することにより、前記第二発電機により、前記高圧タービン軸を減速させて得られる電力を前記周波数変換器へ出力し、前記変圧器により、前記周波数変換器の出力を昇圧して前記電力系統へ出力し、
前記第一発電機出力指令値が前記出力目標値より大きい場合、前記周波数変換器により、前記制御部からの指示に基づいて前記第一発電機の出力の一部を周波数変換して前記第二発電機へ出力することにより、前記変圧器により、前記第一発電機の出力の一部を降圧して前記周波数変換器へ出力し、前記第二発電機により、前記周波数変換器の出力を用いて前記高圧タービン軸を加速させる、
ことを備える発電方法。
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