WO2016033983A1 - 一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱及施工方法 - Google Patents

一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱及施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016033983A1
WO2016033983A1 PCT/CN2015/077758 CN2015077758W WO2016033983A1 WO 2016033983 A1 WO2016033983 A1 WO 2016033983A1 CN 2015077758 W CN2015077758 W CN 2015077758W WO 2016033983 A1 WO2016033983 A1 WO 2016033983A1
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Prior art keywords
tool string
string
coiled tubing
joint
bottom packer
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PCT/CN2015/077758
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宁世品
梅鹏
韩滔
孟凡超
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杰瑞能源服务有限公司
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Publication of WO2016033983A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016033983A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/114—Perforators using direct fluid action on the wall to be perforated, e.g. abrasive jets

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field construction, and more particularly to a multi-stage fracturing tool string of a coiled tubing and a construction method thereof, and is particularly suitable for fracturing acidification construction of oil and gas wells, and is a tight sandstone oil and gas reservoir and shale gas reservoir.
  • Such effective transformation methods as unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.
  • Dragging and fracturing is applied to wells with casing completions, and there are many methods at home and abroad.
  • One is to use a coiled tubing to enter the tool string with hydraulic spray. After the perforated perforation from the coiled tubing, the annulus is sanded and fractured. After the fracture is completed, a section of sand plug is placed in the casing for isolation, and the pipe string is dragged to the next section for sandblasting perforation and fracturing.
  • This method uses casing annulus fracturing to achieve larger scale sand fracturing.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that the segmentation with a sand plug requires a long horizontal section, and the sand plug needs to be flushed out of the wellbore after the fracturing is completed.
  • the process has a long construction period, the fracturing fluid returning does not pollute the oil layer in time, the sand filling requires a long horizontal section, and the sand plug is difficult to flush.
  • the other is to use a common tubing to drive the packer to form a crack.
  • the pressure of the formation is the pressure of stopping the pump.
  • the wellhead is open.
  • the pipe string will cause the formation to be sanded. Therefore, it is necessary to control the discharge pressure through the oil nozzle until the pressure drop of the formation is zero, then the pipe string can be dragged to the lower layer section, resulting in a long construction period, low construction efficiency, and the fracturing fluid returning to the discharge layer will not pollute the oil layer in time. Since the diameter of the tubing is much smaller than that of the casing, the fracturing scale is small.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a coiled tubing multi-stage fracturing tool string to achieve the purpose of shortening the time of fracturing acidification; a second object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage pressure of coiled tubing. Split tool column construction method.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a coiled tubing multi-stage fracturing tool string comprising a joint, a lost hand, a centralizer, a spray gun, a balancing valve, a bottom packer, a friction nip, a collar locator and a shoe, wherein the joint, the The hand, the centralizer, the spray gun, the balance valve, the bottom packer, the friction nipple, the collar locator, and the shoe connection constitute a tool string, wherein the joint is connected to the connecting oil pipe and is located at the most of the entire tool string a top end, the spray gun and the balance valve are located above the bottom packer; the balance valve seals the upper and lower columns of the bottom packer when the tool string is set An internal passage; the balance valve communicates with an internal passage of the upper and lower tubular columns of the bottom packer when the tool string is lifted up.
  • the friction short segment comprises a first body, a plurality of friction blocks and a first spring
  • the friction block is mounted on the first body, and in the A spring acts against the inner wall of the sleeve, and the length of the largest outer diameter of the friction block is greater than 1 inch.
  • the collar locator comprises a second body, a plurality of blocks and a second spring, the block being disposed on the second body and in the The two springs abut against the inner wall of the sleeve, and the length of the maximum outer diameter of the block is no more than 1 inch.
  • the joint is a CT joint.
  • the throwing hand is a mechanical throwing hand
  • the mechanical throwing hand includes an upper joint, a plurality of shearing nails and a lower joint, wherein the upper joint and the lower joint
  • the shear pin connection when the axial load applied to the shear pin reaches a rated value, the shear pin is sheared and the upper joint and the lower joint are separated.
  • the centralizer has at least two central strips whose outer diameter is at least 3 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the sleeve.
  • the spray gun comprises a third body and a plurality of nozzles, wherein the nozzle is mounted on the third body at a certain phase angle, and the third The inner cavity of the body is connected.
  • the balancing valve comprises an outer cylinder, a sealing member and a lower tubular string, and the sealing member can reciprocate under the axial load, when the sealing member is in the open position,
  • the outer cylinder is electrically connected to the lower tubular string; when the sealing member is in the sealing position, the outer cylinder and the lower tubular string are non-conductive.
  • the bottom packer is a compression packer
  • the compression packer comprises an upper pipe string, a cone, a seal, an anchoring device, and a center a tube, a pin ring, a guide pin and a lower pipe string, wherein the upper pipe string, the cone, the seal, the anchoring device, the pin ring, the guide pin and the lower pipe string are sequentially disposed on the center pipe
  • the seal is compressed, the cone is in contact with the anchoring device, and the outer passage of the upper tubular string and the lower tubular string is sealed; when the tool string is lifted
  • the seal is shrunk, the anchoring device is un anchored, the seal is retracted, and the upper tubular string is in communication with the outer passage of the lower tubular string.
  • the balance valve and the bottom packer are provided, when the repair of a target layer is completed, when the fracturing tool string is raised, the sealing member of the balance valve is at In the open position, the upper column and the lower column of the bottom packer are connected to each other, and the pressure is balanced; therefore, compared with the prior art, since the internal pressure of the tool string is not required to be adjusted in the present invention, the construction time is shortened.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a coiled tubing multi-stage fracturing tool string column construction method, characterized in that the coiled tubing multi-stage fracturing tool string according to any one of the above technical solutions is used, and the construction method comprises:
  • the tool string enters the well. After the pump is tested, the tool string is lowered into the depth of the target layer. Then, the coiled tubing is lifted up to observe the signal fluctuation generated when the coupling locator in the tool string passes through the coupling. Calibrate the bottom packer to set the depth of the seal;
  • the sanding liquid is pumped through the coiled tubing to perforate the target layer and shoot through the casing.
  • the perforating time depends on the mesh number and concentration of the perforated sand;
  • the fracturing fluid is pumped from the large displacement of the annulus to transform the target layer;
  • the construction method using the above-mentioned coiled tubing multi-stage fracturing tool string also has a corresponding effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic front view showing the structure of a multi-stage fracturing tool string of a coiled tubing according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic front view showing the structure of a multi-stage fracturing tool string of a coiled tubing according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for constructing a multi-stage fracturing tool string of a coiled tubing according to the present invention.
  • 601 upper pipe column 602 center pipe, 604 seal, 605 cone, 606 anchoring device, 609 pin ring, 610 guide pin, 611 lower pipe column.
  • the first core of the present invention is to disclose a coiled tubing multi-stage fracturing tool string to achieve the purpose of shortening the time of fracturing acidification; the second core of the present invention is to disclose a coiled tubing multi-stage fracturing tool string Construction method.
  • the coiled tubing multi-stage fracturing tool string includes a joint 1, a lost hand 2, a centralizer 3, a spray gun 4, a balancing valve 5, a bottom packer 6, a friction short joint 7, and a connection.
  • Hoop locator 8 and shoe 9 in which the hand 1, the hand 2, the centralizer 3, the spray gun 4, the balancing valve 5, the bottom packer 6, the friction nipple 7, the collar locator 8 and the shoe 9 are connected
  • the joint 1 is connected to the connecting oil pipe and located at the top end of the entire tool string, the spray gun 4 and the balancing valve 5 are located above the bottom packer 6; when the tool string is set, the balancing valve 5 is sealed An internal passage of the upper tubular string 601 and the lower tubular string 611 of the bottom packer 6; when the tool string is lifted, the balancing valve 5 communicates with the internal passage of the upper tubular string 601 and the lower tubular string 611 of the bottom packer 6 .
  • the coiled tubing multi-stage fracturing tool string in the present invention is provided with a balancing valve 5 and a bottom packer 6, so that when the modification of a target layer is completed, when the fracturing tool string is raised, the balancing valve 5 is The sealing member is in an open position, and the upper column packer 6 is connected to the lower column 611 and the pressure is balanced; therefore, compared with the prior art, since the internal pressure of the tool string is not required to be adjusted in the present invention, Shortened construction time.
  • the joint 1, the mechanical hand lost 2, the centralizer 3, the spray gun 4, the balancing valve 5, the bottom packer 6, the friction nipple 7, the collar locator 8 and the shoe 9 are sequentially connected to form a plurality of coiled tubing segments. Fracturing tool string. It is also possible not to connect in this order, as long as the gun 4 and the balancing valve 5 are ensured to be above the bottom packer 6, the CT joint 1 needs to be at the uppermost end of the column, and the lost hand 2 needs to be connected to the spray gun. The top of 4.
  • the joint 1 of the coiled tubing multi-stage fracturing tool column shown in Fig. 1 is at the uppermost end of the tool string, and functions to connect the coiled tubing 0 and the lower tubing string; the throwing hand 2 is disposed under the joint 1 to achieve the rated load. Lose your hand, especially when the tool string meets the card, the hand can be removed by applying an axial load; the centralizer 3 is placed under the lost hand 2 to center the entire tool string; the spray gun 4 is placed under the centralizer 3 It has good erosion resistance and splash resistance. It can shoot through the casing and inject the construction liquid into the formation by spraying high-speed sand carrying fluid.
  • the balancing valve 5 is arranged under the spray gun 4, and the bottom of the tool string is sealed when it is set.
  • the inner passage of the upper column 601 and the lower column 611 of the packer 6; the inner and outer channels of the upper and lower tube 611 of the packer are connected when the tool string is lifted, and the pressure of the bottom packer 6 is balanced to facilitate the bottom isolation.
  • the device 6 is unsealed.
  • the balancing valve 5 also provides a reverse circulation passage for the tool string to have a self-cleaning function.
  • the bottom packer 6 is disposed under the balancing valve 5, and the bottom tool pack 6 can be set by the lowering of the tool string, and the bottom packer can unseal the bottom packer 6 to seal the production layer for construction.
  • the friction nipple 7 is disposed below the bottom packer 6 to provide a reliable friction to assist the bottom packer 6 in reversing the setting.
  • the collar locator 8 is disposed below the friction nipple 7 to accurately determine the depth of the perforation interval by significant signal fluctuations during the casing coupling.
  • the shoe 9 is placed at the lowermost end of the pipe string to guide the pipe string into the well.
  • the friction nipple 7 includes a first body, a plurality of friction blocks and a first spring.
  • the friction block is mounted on the first body and is in close contact with the inner wall of the sleeve under the action of the first spring, and the length of the friction block is greater than 1 inch.
  • the surface of the friction block of the friction nipple 7 in the embodiment of the present invention is specially treated, and the friction surface is inlaid with cemented carbide or other similar high wear-resistant material, and the wear resistance is extremely strong, and the bottom packer 6 can be provided. The required stable friction.
  • the collar locator 8 includes a second body, a plurality of blocks and a second spring.
  • the block is disposed on the second body and abuts against the inner wall of the sleeve under the action of the second spring, the length of the block being greater than 1 inch.
  • the jaws of the collar locator 8 are specially treated, and the friction surface is inlaid with cemented carbide or other similar high wear-resistant material, and the wear resistance is extremely strong, which not only assists the bottom packer 6 to be set, but also passes There is a significant signal fluctuation during the casing coupling, which can accurately detect the depth of the position of the perforation layer.
  • the invention is precisely positioned by the collar locator 8 and perforated by the spray gun 4, so that fine fracturing of the horizontal thin mutual reservoir can be achieved. After the tubing is sandblasted, the main casing is fractured, which can achieve large-scale fracturing.
  • the joint 1 is the CT joint 1.
  • the CT joint 1 configured in the invention can effectively connect the coiled tubing 0 and the tool string, has a slip design, has a self-locking function, is reliable in connection, and has high load bearing capacity.
  • the lost hand 2 in the present invention may be a mechanical lost hand 2 or a hydraulic lost hand 2, and when the lost hand 2 is a mechanical lost hand, the mechanical lost hand includes an upper joint, a plurality of shearing nails and a lower joint, wherein the upper joint and the lower joint are When the axial load applied to the shear pin reaches the rated value, the shear pin is sheared and the upper joint and the lower joint are separated.
  • the mechanical lost hand disposed in the present invention can disengage the lower tubular string from the coiled tubing 0 by applying an axial load when the tubular string encounters the card, thereby reducing the loss, and the load of the lost hand 2 is flexibly adjustable.
  • the centralizer 3 has at least two central strips whose outer diameter is at least 3 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the sleeve.
  • the centralizer 3 configured in the present invention can ensure that the tool string is centered, so that the spray gun 4 perforates the hole.
  • the maximum over-flow area is designed to meet the maximum displacement sand fracturing requirements.
  • the spray gun 4 includes a third body and a plurality of nozzles, wherein the nozzles are mounted on the third body at a certain phase angle and communicate with the interior of the third body.
  • the spray gun 4 disposed in the present invention is throttled by a nozzle, and the high pressure perforating liquid in the oil pipe can be converted into a high velocity jet to perforate the sleeve.
  • a carbide plate or other similar high wear resistant material is embedded on the body of the spray gun 4.
  • the balancing valve 5 includes an outer cylinder, a sealing member and a lower tubular column, the sealing member reciprocally movable under an axial load, and when the sealing member is in the open position, the outer cylinder and the lower tubular string are electrically connected; when the sealing member is in the sealing position When the outer cylinder and the lower tubular string are non-conductive.
  • the balancing valve 5 configured in the present invention blocks the internal passage of the upper column packer 6 on the upper column packer 601 and the lower tubular string 611 when the bottom packer 6 is set, and connects the packer when lifting the tool string.
  • the inner and outer passages of the upper tubular string 601 and the lower tubular string 611 balance the up and down pressure of the bottom packer 6.
  • the bottom packer 6 is a compression packer comprising an upper column 601, a cone 605, a seal 604, an anchoring device 606, a center tube 602, a pin ring 609, a guide pin 610 and a down tube Column 611, wherein upper tubular string 601, cone 605, seal 604, anchoring device 606, pin ring 609, guide pin 610, and lower tubular string 611 are sequentially disposed on central tube 602 when the tool string is set
  • the seal 604 is compressed, the cone 605 is in contact with the anchoring device 606, and the outer passage of the upper tubular string 601 and the lower tubular string 611 is sealed; when the tool tubular string is lifted, the sealing member 604 is contracted, and the anchoring device 606 is removed.
  • the anchor, the seal 604 is contracted, and the upper column 601 is electrically connected to the outer passage of the lower column 611.
  • the central tube 602 has a long and short track groove.
  • the sealing member 604 can be reciprocally compressed multiple times.
  • the cone 605 can be brought into contact with the anchoring device 606 by mechanically pressing the tubular string, thereby anchoring the anchoring device 606 and continuing to increase.
  • the lower pressure can compress the seal 604 to seal the outer passage of the upper tubular string 601 and the lower tubular string 611; and the lifting of the workpiece can cause the seal 604 to contract, the anchoring device 606 to be anchored, the seal 604 to contract, and the upper tube to be connected
  • the guide pin 610 mounted on the pin ring 609 can be cyclically switched between the long and short track grooves.
  • a hole or a groove is formed in the long and short track groove to discharge the grit to the inner cavity of the center pipe 602 or the outside of the tool pipe string.
  • the bottom packer 6 configured in the present invention is flexible in reversing, and can be repeatedly unsealed and unsealed by lifting up and down.
  • the high pressure and high wear resistant seal 604 ensures reliable setting.
  • the central tube 602's unique sand control card design has a strong ability to discharge sand.
  • the invention can drag the tool string through the coiled tubing 0, and the bottom packer 6 can be repeatedly set and unsealed, and can realize multiple movements of the well into the well to separate and seal different layers, and complete the multi-stage transformation of the tool string. Fast and efficient.
  • the shoe 9 guides the tool string into the well, which is streamlined and has good guiding properties.
  • the invention also discloses a coiled tubing multi-stage fracturing tool string column construction method, which adopts the coiled tubing multi-stage fracturing tool string column according to any one of the above technical solutions, wherein the construction method comprises:
  • Step 10 Through-diameter through-well, scraper scraper casing inner wall, wash well, clean the wellbore;
  • Step 11 Install the coiled tubing 0;
  • Step 12 The tool string enters the well, and after the test pressure is passed, the tool string is lowered into the depth of the target layer, and then the coiled tubing 0 is lifted, and the coupling positioner 8 in the tool string is observed to pass through the coupling. Signal fluctuations, calibrating the bottom packer 6 to set the depth;
  • Step 13 Lifting the lowering tool string to set the bottom packer 6, at which point the balancing valve 5 closes the internal passage of the lower tubular string, and the spray gun 4 at the upper portion of the bottom packer 6 is aligned with the layer to be modified. , the bottom packer 6 is sealed and sealed;
  • Step 14 After the seal is qualified, the sand carrying liquid is pumped through the coiled tubing 0, and the target layer perforation is shot through the casing, and the perforating time is determined according to the mesh number and concentration of the perforated sand;
  • Step 15 After the perforation is completed, stop adding sand, pump the fracturing base liquid, and replace the residual sand carrying liquid in the coiled tubing 0 into the annulus;
  • Step 16 pumping liquid into the low-volume of the annulus and the coiled tubing respectively, and performing the trial extrusion to squeeze the formation; if the trial fails, pumping a certain amount of acid through the coiled tubing to corrode the target layer and reduce the fracture pressure of the formation. ;
  • Step 17 After the formation is squeezed out, the fracturing fluid is pumped from the large displacement of the annulus to transform the target layer;
  • Step 18 After the transformation is completed, the pipe string is lifted up, at which time the sealing member of the balance valve is in the open position, the bottom packer is connected to the upper and lower pipe columns, the pressure is balanced, the bottom packer anchoring device is un-anchored, the seal is contracted, and the bottom is closed. The packer is unblocked;
  • Step 19 Lift the column to the next target layer and repeat steps 10 through 18 above until the modification of multiple target layers of one oil and gas well is completed.
  • the construction method using the above-mentioned coiled tubing multi-stage fracturing tool string also has a corresponding effect. I will not repeat them here.

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Abstract

一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱以及施工方法，接头（1）、丢手（2）、扶正器（3）、喷枪（4）、平衡阀（5）、底部封隔器（6）、摩擦短节（7）、接箍定位器（8）、引鞋（9）连接组成工具管柱，接头（1）与连接油管相连并位于整个工具管柱的最顶端，喷枪（4）和平衡阀（5）位于底部封隔器（6）之上；当工具管柱坐封时，平衡阀（5）封隔底部封隔器（6）的上管柱（601）和下管柱（611）的内部通道；当工具管柱上提时，平衡阀（5）连通底部封隔器（6）的上管柱（601）和下管柱（611）的内部通道。由于设置有平衡阀（5）和底部封隔器（6），当完成一个目的层的改造后，上提压裂工具管柱时，平衡阀（5）的密封构件处于打开位置，底部封隔器（6）上管柱（601）和下管柱（611）连通，压力平衡，缩短了施工的时间。

Description

一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱及施工方法
本申请要求于2014年09月04日提交中国专利局、申请号为201410449746.0、发明名称为“一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱及施工方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及油气田施工技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱及其施工方法，特别适用于油气井的压裂酸化施工，是致密砂岩油气藏、页岩气藏等非常规油气藏行之有效的改造手段。
背景技术
由于我国很多油气藏在纵向上存在多个产层，且较多为薄互层，要取得可观的油气产量，通常实施压裂酸化是实现油气井增产的重要改造措施。
对采用套管完井的井实施拖动压裂，国内外方法很多。一种是采用连续油管下入带水力喷射的工具管柱，从连续油管加砂喷砂射孔后，环空加砂压裂。压裂完一段后，在套管内留置一段砂塞作为隔离，拖动管柱到下一段进行喷砂射孔及压裂施工。这种方法采用套管环空压裂，可以实现较大规模的加砂压裂。此种方法的弊端是，用砂塞分段隔离，需要较长的水平段，压裂完成后需要将砂塞冲洗出井筒。该工艺存在着施工周期较长，压裂液返排不及时污染油层，填砂需要较长水平段，砂塞冲洗困难等问题。
另一种是采用普通油管拖动封隔器逐层压裂，压裂完一段后地层压力为停泵的压力，起油管时井口是敞开的，这时候起管柱，会造成地层出砂，因此，需要通过油嘴控制放喷压力，直至地层压力降为零后，才可以拖动管柱至下层段，造成施工周期长，施工效率低，压裂液返排不及时会污染油层。由于油管内通径较套管小的多，压裂规模较小。
综上所述，如何缩短施工时间，成为本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，以实现缩短压裂酸化的时间的目的；本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱施工方法。
为实现上述第一个目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，包括接头、丢手、扶正器、喷枪、平衡阀、底部封隔器、摩擦短节、接箍定位器和引鞋，其中，所述接头、所述丢手、扶正器、喷枪、平衡阀、底部封隔器、摩擦短节、接箍定位器、引鞋连接组成工具管柱，其中，所述接头与连接油管相连并位于整个工具管柱的最顶端，所述喷枪和所述平衡阀位于所述底部封隔器之上；当所述工具管柱坐封时，所述平衡阀封隔所述底部封隔器的上管柱和下管柱的内部通道；当所述工具管柱上提时，所述平衡阀连通所述底部封隔器的上管柱和下管柱的内部通道。
优选地，上述连续油管多段压裂工具管柱中，所述摩擦短节包括第一本体、若干摩擦块和第一弹簧，所述摩擦块安装在所述第一本体上，并在所述第一弹簧的作用下紧贴套管内壁，所述摩擦块最大外径处的长度大于1英寸。
优选地，上述连续油管多段压裂工具管柱中，所述接箍定位器包括第二本体、若干卡块和第二弹簧，所述卡块设置在所述第二本体上并在所述第二弹簧的作用下紧贴套管内壁，所述卡块最大外径处的长度不大于1英寸。
优选地，上述连续油管多段压裂工具管柱中，所述接头为CT接头。
优选地，上述连续油管多段压裂工具管柱中，所述丢手为机械丢手，所述机械丢手包括上接头、若干剪钉和下接头，其中，所述上接头和所述下接头之间通过所述剪钉连接，当施加给所述剪钉的轴向载荷达到额定值时，所述剪钉剪断，并使所述上接头和所述下接头分离。
优选地，上述连续油管多段压裂工具管柱中，所述的扶正器有至少2个扶正条，其外径比套管内径至少小3mm。
优选地，上述连续油管多段压裂工具管柱中，所述喷枪包括第三本体和若干喷嘴，其中，所述喷嘴以一定的相位角度安装在所述第三本体上，并与所述第三本体的内腔连通。
优选地，上述连续油管多段压裂工具管柱中，所述平衡阀包括外筒、密封构件和下部管柱，该密封构件在轴向载荷作用下可往复运动，当密封构件处于打开位置时，所述外筒与所述下部管柱导通；当密封构件处于密封位置时，所述外筒与所述下部管柱非导通。
优选地，上述连续油管多段压裂工具管柱中，所述底部封隔器为压缩式封隔器，所述压缩式封隔器包括上管柱、锥体、密封件、锚定装置、中心管，销钉环、导向销和下管柱，其中，所述上管柱、锥体、密封件、锚定装置、销钉环、导向销和下管柱顺序设置在所述中心管上，当所述工具管柱坐封时，所述密封件压缩，所述锥体与锚定装置接触，并封隔所述上管柱与所述下管柱的外部通道；当所述工具管柱上提时，所述密封件收缩，所述锚定装置脱锚，密封件收缩，所述上管柱与所述下管柱的外部通道导通。
本发明中的连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，由于设置有平衡阀和底部封隔器，因此，当完成一个目的层的改造后，上提压裂工具管柱时，平衡阀的密封构件处于打开位置，底部封隔器上管柱和下管柱连通，压力平衡；因此，与现有技术相比，由于本发明中不需要调节工具管柱的内部压力，因此，缩短了施工的时间。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱施工方法，其特征在于，采用上述任一技术方案所述的连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，所述施工方法包括：
A、通径规通井、刮管器刮套管内壁、洗井，清洁井筒；
B、安装连续油管；
C、工具管柱入井，走泵试压合格后将工具管柱下入到目的层深度以下，然后上提连续油管，观察工具管柱中的接箍定位器经过接箍时产生的信号波动，校准底部封隔器坐封深度；
D、上提下放工具管柱坐封底部封隔器，此时平衡阀关闭了其下部管柱的内部通道，而底部封隔器上部的喷枪对准了要改造的层位，底部封隔器坐封后打压验封；
E、验封合格后，通过连续油管泵入携砂液，对目的层位射孔，射穿套管，射孔时间依据射孔砂的目数和浓度而定；
F、射孔完成后，停止加砂，泵入压裂基液，将连续油管内残留的携砂液替入环空；
G、分别向环空和连续油管低排量泵入液体，进行试挤，挤开地层；若试挤失败，通过连续油管泵入一定量的酸液，对目的层腐蚀，降低地层破裂压力；
H、地层挤开后，从环空大排量泵入压裂液，对目的层进行改造；
I、改造完毕后，上提管柱，此时平衡阀的密封构件处于打开位置，底部封隔器上下管柱连通，压力平衡，底部封隔器锚定装置脱锚，密封件收缩，底部封隔器解除封隔；
J、上提管柱到下一目的层，重复上述步骤A至I，直到完成对一口油气井的多个目的层的改造。
由于上述连续油管多段压裂工具管柱具有上述有益效果，采用上述连续油管多段压裂工具管柱的施工方法也具有相应的效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明所提供的一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱的主视结构示意图；
图2为本发明所提供的一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱的主视结构示意图；
图3为本发明所提供的一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱施工方法流程示意图。
其中：
0连续油管、1接头、2丢手、3扶正器、4喷枪、5平衡阀、6底部封隔器、7摩擦短节、8接箍定位器、9引鞋；
601上管柱，602中心管，604密封件，605锥体，606锚定装置，609销钉环，610导向销，611下管柱。
具体实施方式
本发明的第一个核心就是公开一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，以实现缩短压裂酸化的时间的目的；本发明的第二个核心就是公开一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱施工方法。以下，参照附图对实施例进行说明。此外，下面所示的 实施例不对权利要求所记载的发明内容起任何限定作用。另外，下面实施例所表示的构成的全部内容不限于作为权利要求所记载的发明的解决方案所必需的。
如图1和图2所示，该连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，包括接头1、丢手2、扶正器3、喷枪4、平衡阀5、底部封隔器6、摩擦短节7、接箍定位器8和引鞋9，其中，接手1、丢手2、扶正器3、喷枪4、平衡阀5、底部封隔器6、摩擦短节7、接箍定位器8和引鞋9连接组成工具管柱，其中，接头1与连接油管相连并位于整个工具管柱的最顶端，喷枪4和平衡阀5位于底部封隔器6之上；当工具管柱坐封时，平衡阀5封隔底部封隔器6的上管柱601和下管柱611的内部通道；当工具管柱上提时，平衡阀5连通底部封隔器6的上管柱601和下管柱611的内部通道。
本发明中的连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，由于设置有平衡阀5和底部封隔器6，因此，当完成一个目的层的改造后，上提压裂工具管柱时，平衡阀5的密封构件处于打开位置，底部封隔器6上管柱601和下管柱611连通，压力平衡；因此，与现有技术相比，由于本发明中不需要调节工具管柱的内部压力，因此，缩短了施工的时间。
需要说明的是，接头1、机械丢手2、扶正器3、喷枪4、平衡阀5、底部封隔器6、摩擦短节7、接箍定位器8和引鞋9顺序连接组成连续油管多段压裂工具管柱。也可以不按照此顺序连接，只要保证喷枪4和平衡阀5在底部封隔器6以上即可实现该管柱功能，但是CT接头1需在管柱的最上端，丢手2需要接在喷枪4的上面。
图1所示的连续油管多段压裂工具管柱中接头1处在工具管柱最上端，起着连接连续油管0和下部管柱的作用；丢手2配置在接头1下面，能实现额定负荷丢手，特别是当工具管柱遇卡时，可通过施加轴向载荷使丢手2脱手；扶正器3配置在丢手2下面，使整个工具管柱居中；喷枪4配置在扶正器3下面，具有良好的抗冲蚀和反溅性，能通过喷射高速携砂流体射穿套管并向地层注入施工液体；平衡阀5配置在喷枪4下面，在工具管柱坐封时封隔了底部封隔器6上管柱601和下管柱611的内部通道；在上提工具管柱时连通了封隔器上下管柱611内外通道，平衡了底部封隔器6上下压力，便于底部封隔器6解封。同时平衡阀5还提供了反循环通道，使工具管柱具备自清洁功能。底部封隔器6配置在平衡阀5下面，下放工具管柱可使底部封隔器6坐封，上提管柱可使底部封隔器6解封，从而封隔产层进行施工。摩擦短节7布置在底部封隔器6下面，能提供可靠的摩擦力来辅助底部封隔器6换向坐封。接箍定位器8布置在摩擦短节7下面，能通过套管接箍时明显的信号波动来准确判断射孔层段位置深度。引鞋9布置在管柱的最下端，引导管柱入井。
为了优化上述方案，摩擦短节7包括第一本体、若干摩擦块和第一弹簧，摩擦块安装在第一本体上，并在第一弹簧的作用下紧贴套管内壁，摩擦块的长度大于1英寸。本发明中实施例中的摩擦短节7的摩擦块表面通过特殊处理，而且摩擦面镶嵌硬质合金或其他类似的高耐磨材料，耐磨性极强，能提供底部封隔器6坐封所需的稳定摩擦力。
接箍定位器8包括第二本体、若干卡块和第二弹簧，卡块设置在第二本体上并在第二弹簧的作用下紧贴套管内壁，卡块的长度大于1英寸。本发明实施 例中的接箍定位器8的卡爪通过特殊处理，而且摩擦面镶嵌硬质合金或其他类似的高耐磨材料，耐磨性极强，不仅能辅助底部封隔器6坐封，而且通过套管接箍时有明显的信号波动，能准确检测到射孔层位段位置的深度。本发明通过接箍定位器8精确定位和喷枪4射孔，可实现对水平薄互储层的精细压裂。油管喷砂射孔后套管主压裂，可以实现较大规模压裂。
为了优化上述方案，上述连续油管多段压裂工具管柱中，接头1为CT接头1。本发明中配置的CT接头1能有效连接连续油管0和工具管柱，卡瓦式设计，具有自锁功能，连接可靠，承载负荷高。
本发明中的丢手2可以为机械丢手2或者液压丢手2，当丢手2为机械丢手，机械丢手包括上接头、若干剪钉和下接头，其中，上接头和下接头之间通过剪钉连接，当施加给剪钉的轴向载荷达到额定值时，剪钉剪断，并使上接头和下接头分离。本发明中配置的机械丢手可以在管柱遇卡时，通过施加轴向载荷，使下部管柱与连续油管0脱开分离，减少损失，丢手2载荷灵活可调。
扶正器3有至少2个扶正条，其外径比套管内径至少小3mm。本发明中配置的扶正器3能保证工具管柱居中，使喷枪4射孔孔眼规则。同时最大过流面积设计，满足最大排量加砂压裂要求。
喷枪4包括第三本体和若干喷嘴，其中，喷嘴以一定的相位角度安装在第三本体上，并与第三本体的内腔连通。本发明中配置的喷枪4通过喷嘴节流，能将油管内的高压射孔液变换成高速射流将套管射穿。为了延长工具管柱的使用寿命在喷枪4本体上镶嵌硬质合金板或其他类似高耐磨材料。
平衡阀5包括外筒、密封构件和下部管柱，该密封构件在轴向载荷作用下可往复运动，当密封构件处于打开位置时，外筒与下部管柱导通；当密封构件处于密封位置时，外筒与下部管柱非导通。本发明中配置的平衡阀5在底部封隔器6坐封时封隔了底部封隔器6上管柱601和下管柱611的内部通道，在上提工具管柱时连通了封隔器上管柱601和下管柱611的内外通道，平衡了底部封隔器6上下压力。
底部封隔器6为压缩式封隔器，压缩式封隔器包括上管柱601、锥体605、密封件604、锚定装置606、中心管602，销钉环609、导向销610和下管柱611，其中，上管柱601、锥体605、密封件604、锚定装置606、销钉环609、导向销610和下管柱611顺序设置在中心管602上，当工具管柱坐封时，密封件604压缩，锥体605与锚定装置606接触，并封隔上管柱601与下管柱611的外部通道；当工具管柱上提时，密封件604收缩，锚定装置606脱锚，密封件604收缩，上管柱601与下管柱611的外部通道导通。
中心管602带有长短轨道槽，该密封件604可往复多次压缩，通过机械力下压管柱可使锥体605与锚定装置606接触，从而使锚定装置606锚定，继续加大下压力可使密封件604压缩，封隔上管柱601和下管柱611的外部通道；而上提工件可使密封件604收缩，锚定装置606脱锚，密封件604收缩，连通上管柱601和下管柱611的外部通道。通过施加轴向载荷，安装在销钉环609上的导向销610可在长短轨道槽间循环切换。长短轨道槽内开有孔或槽，可使沉砂排放到中心管602内腔或工具管柱外面。
本发明中配置的底部封隔器6换向灵活，上提下放即可实现多次反复坐封解封，高耐压高耐磨的密封件604保证了坐封可靠。尤其是中心管602独特的防砂卡设计，有极强的排砂能力。本发明通过连续油管0拖动工具管柱，底部封隔器6可反复坐封解封的特点，可实现一次入井多次移动定位封隔不同层位，一趟工具管柱完成多段改造，施工快速高效。
引鞋9在工具管柱入井过程中起引导作用，其为流线型设计，具备良好的引导性。
本发明还公开了一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱施工方法，采用上述任一技术方案所述的连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，所述施工方法包括：
步骤10：通径规通井、刮管器刮套管内壁、洗井，清洁井筒；
步骤11：安装连续油管0；
步骤12：工具管柱入井，走泵试压合格后将工具管柱下入到目的层深度以下，然后上提连续油管0，观察工具管柱中的接箍定位器8经过接箍时产生的信号波动，校准底部封隔器6坐封深度；
步骤13：上提下放工具管柱坐封底部封隔器6，此时平衡阀5关闭了其下部管柱的内部通道，而底部封隔器6上部的喷枪4对准了要改造的层位，底部封隔器6坐封后打压验封；
步骤14：验封合格后，通过连续油管0泵入携砂液，对目的层位射孔，射穿套管，射孔时间依据射孔砂的目数和浓度而定；
步骤15：射孔完成后，停止加砂，泵入压裂基液，将连续油管0内残留的携砂液替入环空；
步骤16：分别向环空和连续油管低排量泵入液体，进行试挤，挤开地层；若试挤失败，通过连续油管泵入一定量的酸液，对目的层腐蚀，降低地层破裂压力；
步骤17：地层挤开后，从环空大排量泵入压裂液，对目的层进行改造；
步骤18：改造完毕后，上提管柱，此时平衡阀的密封构件处于打开位置，底部封隔器上下管柱连通，压力平衡，底部封隔器锚定装置脱锚，密封件收缩，底部封隔器解除封隔；
步骤19：上提管柱到下一目的层，重复上述步骤10至18，直到完成对一口油气井的多个目的层的改造。
由于上述连续油管多段压裂工具管柱具有上述有益效果，采用上述连续油管多段压裂工具管柱的施工方法也具有相应的效果。此处不再赘述。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，其特征在于，包括接头、丢手、扶正器、喷枪、平衡阀、底部封隔器、摩擦短节、接箍定位器和引鞋，所述接头、丢手、扶正器、喷枪、平衡阀、底部封隔器、摩擦短节、接箍定位器、引鞋连接组成工具管柱，其中，所述接头与连接油管相连并位于整个工具管柱的最顶端，所述喷枪和所述平衡阀位于所述底部封隔器之上；当所述工具管柱坐封时，所述平衡阀封隔所述底部封隔器的上管柱和下管柱的内部通道；当所述工具管柱上提时，所述平衡阀连通所述底部封隔器的上管柱和下管柱的内部通道。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，其特征在于，所述摩擦短节包括第一本体、若干摩擦块和第一弹簧，所述摩擦块安装在所述第一本体上，并在所述第一弹簧的作用下紧贴套管内壁，所述摩擦块最大外径处的长度大于1英寸。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，其特征在于，所述接箍定位器包括第二本体、若干卡块和第二弹簧，所述卡块设置在所述第二本体上并在所述第二弹簧的作用下紧贴套管内壁，所述卡块最大外径处的长度不大于1英寸。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，其特征在于，所述接头为CT接头。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，其特征在于，所述丢手为机械丢手，所述机械丢手包括上接头、若干剪钉和下接头，其中，所述上 接头和所述下接头之间通过所述剪钉连接，当施加给所述剪钉的轴向载荷达到额定值时，所述剪钉剪断，并使所述上接头和所述下接头分离。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，其特征在于，所述的扶正器有至少2个扶正条，其外径比套管内径至少小3mm。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，其特征在于，所述喷枪包括第三本体和若干喷嘴，其中，所述喷嘴以一定的相位角度安装在所述第三本体上，并与所述第三本体的内腔连通。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，其特征在于，所述平衡阀包括外筒、密封构件和下部管柱，该密封构件在轴向载荷作用下可往复运动，当密封构件处于打开位置时，所述外筒与所述下部管柱导通；当密封构件处于密封位置时，所述外筒与所述下部管柱非导通。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，其特征在于，所述底部封隔器为压缩式封隔器，所述压缩式封隔器包括上管柱、锥体、密封件、锚定装置、中心管，销钉环、导向销和下管柱，其中，所述上管柱、锥体、密封件、锚定装置、销钉环、导向销和下管柱顺序设置在所述中心管上，当所述工具管柱坐封时，所述密封件压缩，所述锥体与锚定装置接触，并封隔所述上管柱与所述下管柱的外部通道；当所述工具管柱上提时，所述密封件收缩，所述锚定装置脱锚，密封件收缩，所述上管柱与所述下管柱的外部通道导通。
  10. 一种连续油管多段压裂工具管柱施工方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求1至9中任一项所述的连续油管多段压裂工具管柱，所述施工方法包括：
    A、通径规通井、刮管器刮套管内壁、洗井，清洁井筒；
    B、安装连续油管；
    C、工具管柱入井，走泵试压合格后将工具管柱下入到目的层深度以下，然后上提连续油管，观察工具管柱中的接箍定位器经过接箍时产生的信号波动，校准底部封隔器坐封深度；
    D、上提下放工具管柱坐封底部封隔器，此时平衡阀关闭了其下部管柱的内部通道，而底部封隔器上部的喷枪对准了要改造的层位，底部封隔器坐封后打压验封；
    E、验封合格后，通过连续油管泵入携砂液，对目的层位射孔，射穿套管，射孔时间依据射孔砂的目数和浓度而定；
    F、射孔完成后，停止加砂，泵入压裂基液，将连续油管内残留的携砂液替入环空；
    G、分别向环空和连续油管低排量泵入液体，进行试挤，挤开地层；若试挤失败，通过连续油管泵入一定量的酸液，对目的层腐蚀，降低地层破裂压力；
    H、地层挤开后，从环空大排量泵入压裂液，对目的层进行改造；
    I、改造完毕后，上提管柱，此时平衡阀的密封构件处于打开位置，底部封隔器上下管柱连通，压力平衡，底部封隔器锚定装置脱锚，密封件收缩，底部封隔器解除封隔；
    J、上提管柱到下一目的层，重复上述步骤A至I，直到完成对一口油气井的多个目的层的改造。
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