WO2016033893A1 - 一种模块化自动化弦乐器 - Google Patents

一种模块化自动化弦乐器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016033893A1
WO2016033893A1 PCT/CN2014/093074 CN2014093074W WO2016033893A1 WO 2016033893 A1 WO2016033893 A1 WO 2016033893A1 CN 2014093074 W CN2014093074 W CN 2014093074W WO 2016033893 A1 WO2016033893 A1 WO 2016033893A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
string
module
lock
strings
track
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PCT/CN2014/093074
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐杰
Original Assignee
徐杰
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Publication of WO2016033893A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016033893A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
    • G10D3/06—Necks; Fingerboards, e.g. fret boards
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D1/00—General design of stringed musical instruments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars

Definitions

  • Stringed instruments are an important branch of the instrument family. In classical music and even modern light music, almost all lyric melody is played by the string part. The tone of the stringed instrument is unified, with multiple levels of expressiveness, the ensemble is full of excitement, the solo is gentle and graceful; and because of the rich and varied bowing and fingering, it has a vibrant color.
  • Stringed instruments are pronounced by mechanical force to make the tensioned strings vibrate, so the volume of the pronunciation is limited. Therefore, it is often necessary to add a resonance box on the side of the strings to increase the volume and improve the sound quality.
  • Stringed instruments usually use different strings to play different sounds. If you have a string, you must use your finger to press the string to change the length of the string to achieve the purpose of changing the pitch.
  • the invention is characterized in that an electromechanical coupling device mounted on the neck is designed, which generally has a plurality of independent action mechanisms corresponding to different strings and timbres, which are electrically Signal control, which can drive the action unit to move and compress the strings.
  • the technical problems to be solved by the present invention are as follows: Firstly, the playing method of the stringed instrument is simplified, the automatic string control is realized, and the fingering such as the sliding string and the string is realized, and secondly, according to the principle of the stringed instrument, a generalized stringed instrument is realized.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem thereof is: Inventing a modular automatic stringed instrument, which is composed of a head module, a track module, a string control module, a body module, a piano box module and a string,
  • the feature is: the head module and the track module, the track module and the body module are respectively connected to each other, the control string module is mounted on the track module, the piano box module is mounted on the body module, and the head module is replaceable
  • the string pillow, the body module or the box module is equipped with a replaceable string bridge, the string is tensioned between the string pillow and the string bridge, and the control string module is composed of a control string base, a lock string module and a base lock connector.
  • chord base is mounted on and slidable on the track module
  • lock chord module is mounted on the chord base via a base lock connector
  • the lock string module is driven by the lock string
  • the lock rail is connected with the base lock connector
  • the lock string drive drives the lock string mechanism to slide along the lock string slide rail.
  • the lock string mechanism contacts the string when the lock string is closed and the string is stationary relative to the body at the contact point. Change the piano The length of the vibrating portion.
  • the track module is composed of a track module guide rail and a track module, and the track module drive drives the control string module to slide on the track module guide rail and control its position.
  • the position and distribution of the strings in space is determined by the shape of the chord and the bridge, and the strings are always parallel to each other in three dimensions.
  • the lock string action unit can still lock the string It is slid relative to the strings under the drive of the lock string drive or the track module drive, and the length of the vibrating portion of the strings can be changed after the strings vibrate.
  • the body module and the box module can also be designed as a one-piece module.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: replacing the pitch of the string with the finger by pressing the string with the finger of the mechanical structure, and simultaneously changing the length of the vibrating portion of the string in the vibration of the string It realizes high-level fingering such as sliding string and chord, which fully automates the string control of string instruments.
  • different string instruments can be created or simulated to make the string instruments universal.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a head module.
  • FIG. 3 and B are respectively schematic diagrams of two implementation examples of the track module.
  • FIG. 4 is a general schematic diagram of one embodiment of a chord control module.
  • FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of an embodiment of a chord control module
  • FIG. 6 is a top plan view of an embodiment of a chord control module.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a lock string module.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the structural principle of an empty chord of an embodiment of the chord mechanism.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the structural principle of the lock string mechanism of one embodiment of the lock string mechanism.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of two embodiments of the spatial distribution of the strings.
  • Fig. 1 is a head module
  • 2 is a track module
  • 3 is a string control module
  • 4 is a body module
  • 5 is a piano module
  • 6 is a string.
  • 101 is a head module body
  • 102 is a replaceable string pillow
  • 103 is a string-string device.
  • A is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a linear motor-driven track module, 211 is a track, 212 is a face connecting the head module, 213 is a face connecting the body module; B is a double-rail screw A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a driven track module, 221 is a track module guide rail, 222 is a track module drive screw, 223 is a face for connecting the head module, and 224 is a face for connecting the body module.
  • the A direction view is a front view
  • the B direction view is a top view
  • 211 is a track module guide rail
  • 3 The display area is an embodiment of the chord control module, and the area indicated by 6 is 6 strings.
  • 211 is a rail module rail
  • 31 is a chord base
  • 32 is a base lock connector
  • 33 is a lock string module
  • 6 is a string.
  • 331-336 shows six lock string modules.
  • 34 is a lock string slide
  • 35 is a lock string drive
  • 36 is a lock string mechanism
  • 61 is a string.
  • 361 is a moving slide
  • 362 is a lock motor
  • 363 is an inner ring
  • 364-367 is a lock handle
  • FIG. 9 Each of the numeral mark indicating portions in FIG. 9 is identical to that in FIG.
  • Fig. 10 In Fig. 10, 421 and 422 are two examples of the implementation of a bridge, and 61-66 are strings.
  • a modular automated stringed instrument designed in accordance with the present invention is hereinafter referred to simply as a string.
  • a conventional method of changing a stringed string by a conventional stringed instrument is to press the string onto the scoreboard or neck.
  • the harpsichord discards the structure such as the timbre board or the neck, and the string is locked at a different distance from the chord by the chord mechanism, thereby realizing the function of adjusting the chord length of each string to change the string sound.
  • the action of locking the string by the lock mechanism means that the mechanical structure (such as the connecting rod, the push rod, etc.) is close to the string and pressed in contact with the string in several planes perpendicular to the plane of the string.
  • the strings cause the strings to rest at the point of contact relative to the locking mechanism, i.e., stationary relative to the body.
  • the string locking mechanism locks the strings
  • the length of the vibrating portion of the strings changes, and the string sound changes. Since the locking mechanisms are independent of each other, a chord-like function can be realized on a plurality of strings by adjusting the relative position and the locking state of the stringing mechanism; moreover, the locking string device can still be moved along the piano after locking the strings The axis of the string slides, so that the length of the vibrating portion of the string can be continuously changed even if the string vibrates, so that the effect of fingering such as a sliding string, a string, and the like can be achieved.
  • the harpsichord is a modular structure consisting of a head module, a track module, a chord module, a body module, a box module, and a string from the head to the end of the piano.
  • the head module and the track module, the track module and the body module are respectively connected to each other, and the piano module is mounted on the body module, and the head module, the body module or the piano module are divided. Do not install the string pillow and string bridge for positioning the strings.
  • the string control module is mounted on the rail module and can slide on it.
  • FIG. 1 of the specification wherein 1 is a head module, 2 is a track module, 3 is a string control module, 4 is a body module, and 5 is a box module. 6 is the string.
  • a stringer device and a string pillow for adjusting the tension of the strings are mounted on the head module.
  • the string pillow can be replaced.
  • the track module is connected to the head module and the body module, and is composed of a track module guide and a track module.
  • a slidable string control module is mounted on the rail module rail, and the rail module drives the position of the control string module on the track.
  • the control string module is a core module for completing automatic string control, and is composed of a control string base, a lock string module and a base lock connector.
  • the control string base is mounted on the track module and can slide thereon, and the string is locked.
  • the module is mounted on the chord base via a base lock connection.
  • the lock string module is composed of a lock string slide rail, a lock string drive and a lock string mechanism, the lock string slide rail is connected with the base lock connection piece, the lock string drive drives the lock string mechanism to slide along the lock string slide rail, and the lock string mechanism locks the string ⁇ Contacts the strings and causes the strings to rest at the contact point relative to the body to change the length of the vibrating portion of the strings
  • the locking mechanism has a one-to-one correspondence with the strings, and the sliding direction of the locking mechanism is parallel to the strings, and the locking mechanism corresponding to each string locks the strings at different distances from the strings, thereby realizing the adjustment of the strings.
  • the length of the string is used to change the function of the string.
  • the invention subverts the structure of the sound plate and the neck of most conventional stringed instruments, and controls the strings with the track module and the control string module.
  • the body module is connected to the track module, and the box module is installed on one side of the body module, and the sound can be amplified to improve the tone.
  • a tail post and a string bridge for fixing and positioning the strings are mounted on the body module or the box module, and the bridge can be replaced.
  • the strings are tensioned between the stringing device and the tail column, and are positioned by the string pillow and the string bridge.
  • the relative position of the strings in the space can be changed, thereby creating A variety of stringed instruments with different numbers of strings and plucking or bowing.
  • the strings are always parallel to maintain the same direction as the locking mechanism.
  • Head module [0043] Head module. [0044] Conventional tight string devices (such as string buttons, etc.) are mature, reliable, and effective, and will not be described here. It should be noted that a replaceable string pillow is mounted on the head module.
  • 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a head module, wherein 101 is a head body having a string tensioning device 103, 102 being a replaceable string pillow having a small groove for fixing the piano The position of the string, 104 is the mating mounting surface of the head module and the track module.
  • a track module [0045] A track module.
  • the track module is mainly composed of a track module guide rail and a track module to complete the function of supporting the body, the function of carrying the string control module and the function of positioning the string control module.
  • the structure of the track module can be varied. It can be designed as a main beam or as a combination of multiple beams; the shape can be straight and bendable or irregular; the track form can also be varied; it can be mechanically marked, screw, rack and pinion, timing belt, linear motor, etc. Realize the positioning of the control string module.
  • Figure 3 shows two examples of the implementation of the track module:
  • Figure A shows the track module driven by the linear motor on both sides of the single beam.
  • the track module guide and the track module drive are integrated, 211 is the guide rail structure, 212 And 213 are the docking mounting faces of the track module and the head module and the body module respectively; B shows a double column beam screw driven track module, wherein 221 is two supporting beams, and the same as the track module
  • the guide rails, 222 are screw rods driven by the track module, and can be driven by a servo motor or the like, and 223 and 224 are respectively abutting mounting faces of the track module and the head module and the body module.
  • Control string module [0047]
  • the chord module is mounted on the track module and consists of a chord base, a lock chord module and a base lock connection between the two.
  • the chord base is mounted on the rail module guide rail, so that the chord module can slide on the track.
  • different cooperation modes such as sliding type, rolling type and bearing type, are adopted.
  • the lock string module is mounted on the control base via a base lock connector that slides with the track base relative to the track module.
  • FIG. 4 is an axial side view of one embodiment of a chord control module.
  • the A direction view is a front view
  • the B direction view is a top view
  • 211 is a track module guide rail
  • the area shown in Fig. 3 is an embodiment of the control string module
  • the area indicated by 6 is 6 strings.
  • FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of one embodiment of a chord control module, that is, a view in the direction A of FIG.
  • 211 is a track module guide rail
  • 31 is a chord base
  • 32 is a base lock connector
  • the portion shown at 33 is a lock string module
  • the 32 base lock connector is passed through Connected to the chord base 31
  • 6 is a string.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of one embodiment of a chord control module, that is, a view in the B direction of FIG. 331-336 shows six lock string modules, which correspond one-to-one with the six strings shown in 6 of FIG.
  • the lock string module is also a modular structure, one-to-one correspondence with the strings.
  • the lock string module consists of a lock string slide, a lock string drive and a lock string structure.
  • the locking mechanism can slide relative to the lock rail in a certain range, and the lock string drive drives the lock mechanism to slide on the lock rail and control its position.
  • the lock drive also has various forms, such as a screw rod and a rack and pinion. , linear motors, etc.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a lock string module having 34 lock string slides, 35 lock string drive, 36 lock string mechanism, 61 strings, passing through the center hole of the lock string mechanism
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the working principle of the empty string state ⁇ of an embodiment of the lock string mechanism.
  • the lock string mechanism is moved by the slide table 361, the lock motor 362,
  • the moving ring 363 and the four locking chords 364-367 are formed.
  • the bottom of the moving slide table 361 has a threaded hole, which can be matched with the screw driven by the lock string to realize the position control of the lock string mechanism.
  • the upper part of the moving slide is a ring structure, and an inner movable ring 363 is fitted therein, and the inner moving ring can be rotated relative to the moving slide by the locking motor 362.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the working principle of the lock string state ⁇ of an embodiment of the lock string mechanism.
  • the lock string handles 364-367 press the strings 61, which limits the vibration of the strings in the position where the lock strings are in contact. .
  • the base lock connector connects the base portion and the lock string mechanism together.
  • the base lock connector of different shapes can be selected to make the lock string mechanism and the string always coaxial, to adapt to different number of strings and relative position of the string space.
  • choosing a shape of a string pillow and a string bridge can make the arrangement of the strings in space have a certain degree of curvature, so that the string can be used to pull the strings and realize the same playing method as a stringed instrument.
  • Figure 10 shows two examples of the implementation of the bridge. 61-66 is the string (section), 421 is the bridge with the strings in the plane, and 422 is the bridge with the strings in the arc.
  • the body module is a hollow structure corresponding to the sound hole of the cabinet.
  • a tail post and a replaceable bridge are mounted on the body module or the box module.
  • the body structure and the case can also be designed as a one-piece module.

Abstract

一种模块化自动化弦乐器，由琴头模块（1）、琴轨模块（2）、控弦模块（3）、琴身模块（4）、琴箱模块（5）以及琴弦（6）组成，以机械结构的锁紧动作代替演奏者以手指按压琴弦，来改变琴弦的音高，同时，可以在琴弦振动时改变琴弦振动部分的长度，实现滑弦、揉弦等高级指法，使弦乐器演奏的控弦完全自动化，此外，通过模块化地组合即可创造或模拟出不同的弦乐器，使弦乐器通用化。

Description

说明书 发明名称：一种模块化自动化弦乐器 技术领域
[0001] 弦乐器。
背景技术
[0002] 弦乐器是乐器家族内的一个重要分支， 在古典音乐乃至现代轻音乐中， 几乎所 有的抒情旋律都由弦乐声部来演奏。 弦乐器的音色统一， 有多层次的表现力， 合奏吋澎湃激昂， 独奏吋温柔婉约； 又因为丰富多变的弓法和指法而具有灵动 的色彩。
[0003] 弦乐器的发音方式是依靠机械力量使张紧的弦线振动发音， 故发音音量受到一 定限制， 因而常常需要在琴弦一侧加装共鸣箱以增大音量与改善音质。 弦乐器 通常用不同的弦演奏不同的音， 有吋则须运用手指按弦来改变弦长， 从而达到 改变音高的目的。
[0004] 因此， 通常弦乐器的演奏皆需要双手配合， 演奏难度较大。 特别是对于弓弦乐 器和拨弦乐器， 比如提琴和吉他， 须一只手控弦 （比如按压吉他的和弦） ， 另 一只手拉弓或拨弦。 一般地， 拉弓或拨弦的动作比较容易完成， 但是控弦往往 难度很大。 比如， 吉他有数千种和弦指法， 演奏吋需要快速切换， 此外还有滑 弦、 揉弦等等指法， 演奏难度很大。 所以， 熟练掌握此类弦乐器的演奏技法往 往需要花费大量的吋间。 此外， 以手指控制琴弦会给手指带来痛感， 这也是很 多初学者最终放弃学习演奏弦乐器的原因。 而且， 此类精巧的技法对存在肢体 障碍的人来说， 是不可能完成的。
[0005] 对于弦乐器演奏难度大的问题， 也曾有人提出了解决方案。 这些解决方案的基 本原理有两种， 一是机械式的， 二是机电结合式的。 对于第一种机械式的， 可 参考发明专利 CN103839536, 发明专利 US7812233 , 此类发明的特征是， 设计一 种可安装在琴颈上的机械装置， 具有多个按键， 按下按键吋通过机械传递， 按 下对应的琴弦， 这样不需要手指与琴弦的直接接触。 对于第二种机电结合式的 ， 可参考发明专利 CN102163424, 发明专利 US6753466, 发明专利 US7812233 , 发明专利 US4228718 , 此类发明的特征是， 设计了一种安装在琴颈上的机电结合 装置， 一般地这种装置具有相互独立的对应于不同琴弦和音品的众多动作机构 ， 这些机构受电气信号控制， 可以驱动动作单元运动进而压紧琴弦。
[0006] 对于以上第一种机械式的解决方案， 显然地， 结构过于复杂， 而且能够实现的 和弦指法有限， 体积、 重量较大； 对于以上第二种的解决方案， 其最大的缺陷 在于， 由于机构是固定在琴颈上的， 所以无法实现在琴弦振动的吋候连续地改 变琴弦振动部分的长度， 也就是无法实现滑弦、 揉弦等指法。
[0007] 此外， 众多的弦乐器虽然具有相同或相似的发声原理、 琴体结构， 但至今仍未 有一种通用化的集成的弦乐器。
技术问题
[0008] 本发明所要解决的技术问题为： 首先， 简化弦乐器的演奏方法， 实现自动控弦 ， 并能实现滑弦、 揉弦等指法， 其次， 根据弦乐器的原理， 实现一种通用化的 弦乐器。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0009] 本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是： 发明一种模块化自动化弦乐器， 由琴头模块、 琴轨模块、 控弦模块、 琴身模块、 琴箱模块以及琴弦组成， 其特 征是： 琴头模块与琴轨模块、 琴轨模块与琴身模块分别对接安装， 控弦模块安 装在琴轨模块上， 琴箱模块安装在琴身模块上， 琴头模块上安装有可更换的弦 枕， 琴身模块或琴箱模块上安装有可更换的弦桥， 琴弦张紧于弦枕和弦桥之间 ， 控弦模块由控弦基座、 锁弦模块和基锁连接件组成， 控弦基座安装在琴轨模 块上并可在其上滑动， 锁弦模块通过基锁连接件安装在控弦基座上， 锁弦模块 由锁弦滑轨、 锁弦驱动和锁弦机构组成， 锁弦滑轨连接基锁连接件， 锁弦驱动 驱动锁弦机构沿锁弦滑轨滑动， 锁弦机构在锁紧琴弦吋与琴弦接触并使琴弦在 接触点相对琴体静止进而改变琴弦振动部分的长度。
[0010] 琴轨模块由琴轨模块导轨和琴轨模块驱动构成， 琴轨模块驱动驱动控弦模块在 琴轨模块导轨上滑动并控制其位置。 琴弦在空间的位置和分布由弦枕和弦桥的 形状决定， 各琴弦在三维空间始终相互平行。 锁弦动作单元在锁紧琴弦吋仍可 在锁弦驱动或琴轨模块驱动的驱动下相对琴弦滑动， 并可在琴弦振动吋改变琴 弦振动部分的长度。 琴身模块与琴箱模块也可设计成一个整体式的模块。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0011] 本发明的有益效果是： 以机械结构的锁紧动作代替演奏者以手指按压琴弦， 来 改变琴弦的音高， 同吋， 可以在琴弦振动吋改变琴弦振动部分的长度， 实现滑 弦、 揉弦等高级指法， 使弦乐器演奏的控弦完全自动化， 此外， 通过模块化地 组合即可创造或模拟出不同的弦乐器， 使弦乐器通用化。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0012] 图 1是本发明的一种实施实例的总体结构示意图。
[0013] 图 2是琴头模块的一种实施实例的示意图。
[0014] 图 3中 、 B分别是琴轨模块的 2个实施实例示意图。
[0015] 图 4是控弦模块的一个实施实例的总体示意图。
[0016] 图 5是控弦模块的一 实施实例的正视图
[0017] 图 6是控弦模块的一 实施实例的俯视图。
[0018] 图 7是锁弦模块的一 - 实施实例的示意图。
[0019] 图 8是锁弦机构的一 实施实例空弦吋的结构原理示意图。
[0020] 图 9是锁弦机构的一 -个实施实例锁弦吋的结构原理示意图。
[0021] 图 10是琴弦空间分布的两种实施实例的示意图。
[0022] 图 1中， 1为琴头模块， 2为琴轨模块， 3为控弦模块， 4为琴身模块， 5为琴箱模 块， 6为琴弦。
[0023] 图 2中， 101为琴头模块主体， 102为可更换的弦枕， 103为一种紧弦装置。
[0024] 图 3中， A为直线电机驱动式琴轨模块的一个实施实例示意图， 211为轨道， 212 为连接琴头模块的面， 213为连接琴体模块的面； B为双导轨丝杆驱动式琴轨模 块的一个实施实例示意图， 221为琴轨模块导轨， 222为琴轨模块驱动丝杆， 223 为连接琴头模块的面， 224为连接琴体模块的面。
[0025] 图 4中， A方向视图为正视图， B方向视图为俯视图， 211为琴轨模块导轨， 3所 示区域为控弦模块的一个实施实例， 6所示区域为 6根琴弦。
[0026] 图 5中， 211为琴轨模块导轨， 31为控弦基座， 32为基锁连接件， 33所示部分为 锁弦模块， 6为琴弦。
[0027] 图 6中， 331-336所示为 6个锁弦模块。
[0028] 图 7中， 34为锁弦滑轨， 35为锁弦驱动， 36为锁弦机构， 61为琴弦。
[0029] 图 8中， 361为移动滑台， 362为锁紧电机， 363为内动环， 364-367为锁弦柄， 6
1为琴弦。
[0030] 图 9中各数字标记指示部分与图 8中一致。
[0031] 图 10中， 421和 422为弦桥的两种实施实例， 61-66为琴弦。
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0032] 以下说明本发明的最佳实施方式。 本发明设计的一种模块化自动化弦乐器， 为 作简洁地说明， 以下简称为弦琴。
[0033] 首先， 描述弦琴的琴弦变音原理。
[0034] 传统的弦乐器改变弦音的一般方法是将琴弦压在音品板或琴颈上。 弦琴则摒弃 了音品板或琴颈等结构， 而通过锁弦机构将琴弦在与弦枕不同距离的位置上锁 紧， 从而实现调节各弦的弦长以改变弦音的功能。 锁弦机构锁紧琴弦的动作指 的是， 通过机械结构 （比如连杆、 推杆等） 在垂直于琴弦的平面内， 从数个方 向上向琴弦靠近并与琴弦接触压紧琴弦， 使得琴弦在接触点相对于锁弦机构静 止， 也即相对于琴身静止。 锁弦机构锁紧琴弦后， 琴弦可振动部分的长度改变 ， 进而其弦音也发生改变。 由于锁紧机构彼此独立， 所以通过调整紧弦机构的 相对位置和锁紧状态， 就可以在数根琴弦上实现类似和弦的功能； 而且， 锁弦 装置在锁紧琴弦吋仍可沿琴弦轴线滑动， 于是琴弦振动部分的长度即使在琴弦 振动吋也可连续变化， 这样就可以实现诸如滑弦、 揉弦等指法的效果。
[0035] 以下结合实施实例和附图， 简述弦琴的各组成部分的功能结构特征。
[0036] 弦琴为模块化结构， 从琴头至琴尾由琴头模块、 琴轨模块、 控弦模块、 琴身模 块、 琴箱模块以及琴弦组成。 琴头模块与琴轨模块、 琴轨模块与琴身模块分别 对接安装， 琴箱模块安装在琴身模块上， 琴头模块、 琴身模块或琴箱模块上分 别安装定位琴弦的弦枕和弦桥， 控弦模块安装在琴轨模块上并可在其上滑动。 弦琴的一种实施实例的总体结构示意图如说明书附图 1所示， 其中 1为琴头模块 ， 2为琴轨模块， 3为控弦模块， 4为琴身模块， 5为琴箱模块， 6为琴弦。
[0037] 琴头模块上安装有调节琴弦张紧力的紧弦装置和弦枕。 弦枕可以更换。
[0038] 琴轨模块连接琴头模块和琴身模块， 由琴轨模块导轨和琴轨模块驱动组成。 琴 轨模块导轨上安装有可滑动的控弦模块， 琴轨模块驱动控制控弦模块在琴轨上 的位置。
[0039] 控弦模块是完成自动控弦的核心模块， 由控弦基座、 锁弦模块和基锁连接件组 成， 控弦基座安装在琴轨模块上并可在其上滑动， 锁弦模块通过基锁连接件安 装在控弦基座上。 锁弦模块由锁弦滑轨、 锁弦驱动和锁弦机构组成， 锁弦滑轨 连接基锁连接件， 锁弦驱动驱动锁弦机构沿锁弦滑轨滑动， 锁弦机构在锁紧琴 弦吋与琴弦接触并使琴弦在接触点相对琴体静止进而改变琴弦振动部分的长度
。 锁弦机构与琴弦一一对应， 锁弦机构的滑动方向与琴弦平行， 各琴弦所对应 的锁弦机构在与弦枕不同距离的位置上锁紧琴弦， 从而实现调节各弦的弦长以 改变弦音的功能。 本发明颠覆传统多数弦乐器的音品板与琴颈的结构， 以琴轨 模块和控弦模块实现控弦。
[0040] 琴身模块与琴轨模块连接， 琴箱模块安装在琴身模块的一侧， 可以放大琴音改 善音色。 琴身模块或琴箱模块上安装有固定和定位琴弦的尾柱和弦桥， 弦桥可 以更换。
[0041] 琴弦张紧于紧弦装置和尾柱之间， 并由弦枕和弦桥定位， 通过更换不同形状的 弦枕和弦桥可以改变琴弦在空间中的相对位置， 从而可以创造出具有不同琴弦 数目的以及可弹拨或弓拉的多种弦乐器。 但是， 琴弦之间始终保持平行， 以保 持与锁弦机构的滑动方向一致。
本发明的实施方式
[0042] 以下结合具体实施实例， 对弦琴的各部分结构组成、 功能特征和可能的变形改 进作详细说明。
[0043] 琴头模块。 [0044] 传统的紧弦装置 （如弦钮等） 成熟可靠有效， 在此不作说明。 需要说明的是， 琴头模块上安装有可更换的弦枕。 图 2为琴头模块的一个实施实例的示意图， 其 中 101为琴头主体， 其上有琴弦张紧装置 103， 102为可更换的弦枕， 其上幵有小 凹槽， 用来固定琴弦的位置， 104为琴头模块、 琴轨模块的对接安装面。
[0045] 琴轨模块。
[0046] 琴轨模块， 主要由琴轨模块导轨和琴轨模块驱动构成， 以完成支撑琴体的功能 、 承载控弦模块的功能和定位控弦模块的功能。 在实现以上三种功能前提下， 琴轨模块的结构形式可以千变万化。 可以设计成一根主梁， 也可以设计成多根 梁组合； 形状可直可弯甚至不规则； 轨道形式也可千变万化； 可以通过机械标 记、 丝杆、 齿轮齿条、 同步带、 直线电机等原理实现对控弦模块的定位。 图 3为 琴轨模块的 2种实施实例： A图所示为单梁两侧凹槽直线电机驱动的琴轨模块， 琴轨模块导轨和琴轨模块驱动集成在一起， 211为导轨结构， 212和 213分别为琴 轨模块与琴头模块和琴身模块的对接安装面； B图所示为双柱梁丝杆驱动式琴轨 模块， 其中 221为两根支撑梁， 同吋作为琴轨模块导轨， 222为琴轨模块驱动的 丝杆， 可通过伺服电机等驱动， 223和 224分别为琴轨模块与琴头模块和琴身模 块的对接安装面。
[0047] 控弦模块。
[0048] 控弦模块安装在琴轨模块之上， 由控弦基座、 锁弦模块和二者之间的基锁连接 件组成。 控弦基座安装在琴轨模块导轨上， 使控弦模块可在琴轨上滑动， 根据 琴轨模块形式的不同， 采用不同的配合方式， 如滑动式， 滚动式和轴承式等等 。 锁弦模块通过基锁连接件安装在控弦基座上， 锁弦模块可随控弦基座相对琴 轨模块滑动。
[0049] 图 4为控弦模块的一个实施实例的轴侧视图。 A方向视图为正视图， B方向视图 为俯视图， 211为琴轨模块导轨， 3所示区域为控弦模块的一个实施实例， 6所示 区域为 6根琴弦。
[0050] 图 5为控弦模块的一个实施实例的正视图， 即图 4中 A方向的视图。 图中 211为琴 轨模块导轨， 31为控弦基座， 安装在导轨 211上并可在其上滑动， 32为基锁连接 件， 33所示部分为锁弦模块， 通过 32基锁连接件与控弦基座 31连接， 6为琴弦。 [0051] 图 6为控弦模块的一个实施实例的俯视图， 即图 4中 B方向的视图。 331-336所示 为 6个锁弦模块， 与图 4中 6所示的 6根琴弦一一对应。
[0052] 锁弦模块也是模块化结构， 与琴弦一一对应。 锁弦模块由锁弦滑轨、 锁弦驱动 和锁弦结构组成。 锁弦机构可相对于锁弦滑轨在一定范围内滑动， 锁弦驱动驱 动锁弦机构在锁弦滑轨上滑动并控制其位置， 锁弦驱动也有多种形式， 如丝杆 、 齿轮齿条、 直线电机等等。 图 7为锁弦模块的一种实施实例的示意图， 它具有 34锁弦滑轨， 35锁弦驱动， 36锁弦机构， 61为琴弦， 从锁弦机构的中心孔穿过
[0053] 锁弦机构也是模块化的结构， 图 8所示为锁弦机构一种实施实例的空弦状态吋 的工作原理示意图， 该锁弦机构由移动滑台 361， 锁紧电机 362， 内动环 363、 和 4个锁弦柄 364-367构成。 移动滑台 361底部有螺纹孔， 可与锁弦驱动的丝杆配合 ， 实现锁弦机构的位置控制。 移动滑台上部为圆环结构， 内置一个与其配合的 内动环 363， 该内动环在锁紧电机 362驱动下可相对移动滑台旋转。 内环与移动 滑台的一侧的端面上， 各有四个与锁弦柄 364-367配合的安装柱。 锁弦柄一侧有 孔， 与移动滑台端面上的安装柱配合， 可绕其旋转， 锁弦柄有长槽结构， 内动 环上的安装柱可在其中滑动， 于是， 内动环旋转可以驱动锁弦柄的摆动， 锁弦 柄的同吋摆动实现幵合进而实现锁弦和空弦的控制。 图 9所示为锁弦机构一种实 施实例的锁弦状态吋的工作原理示意图， 图中锁弦柄 364-367压紧琴弦 61， 即限 制了琴弦在于锁弦柄接触的位置的振动。
[0054] 基锁连接件将基座部分和锁弦机构连接在一起。 根据弦枕和弦桥的形式， 选择 不同形状的基锁连接件， 可以使锁弦机构与琴弦始终同轴， 以适应不同的琴弦 数目和琴弦空间相对位置。 比如， 选择一定形状的弦枕和弦桥， 可以使琴弦在 空间中的排列具有一定的弧度， 这样可以使用弦弓拉响琴弦， 实现如弓弦乐器 一样的演奏方法。 图 10所示为弦桥的两种实施实例， 61-66为琴弦 （截面） ， 421 为琴弦处于平面分布吋的弦桥， 422为琴弦在空间处于弧面分布吋的弦桥。
[0055] 琴身模块和琴箱模块。
[0056] 琴身模块为中空结构， 与琴箱的音孔对应。 琴身模块或琴箱模块上安装有尾柱 和可更换的弦桥。 琴身结构体与琴箱也可设计成一个整体式的模块。 [0057] 以上为本发明所设计的弦琴的原理、 结构和组成的基本说明。
[0058] 为清楚地说明本发明的结构功能， 本说明只列举了有限的结构形式。 但是， 在 本发明之原理基础上衍伸出的任何类似结构， 均应视作本发明之可能情形， 而 包括在本发明的范围之中。 使用了本发明的设计原理和思想的相似装置， 应在 本发明的保护范围内。 比如， 通过在吉他、 贝斯、 提琴等乐器琴颈处加装导轨 ， 而后在导轨上布置类似本发明中的控弦模块， 以实现自动按弦等。

Claims

权利要求书
一种模块化自动化弦乐器， 由琴头模块、 琴轨模块、 控弦模块、 琴身模块、 琴箱模块以及琴弦组成， 其特征是： 琴头模块与琴轨 模块、 琴轨模块与琴身模块分别对接安装， 控弦模块安装在琴轨 模块上， 琴箱模块安装在琴身模块上， 琴头模块上安装有可更换 的弦枕， 琴身模块或琴箱模块上安装有可更换的弦桥， 琴弦张紧 于弦枕和弦桥之间， 控弦模块由控弦基座、 锁弦模块和基锁连接 件组成， 控弦基座安装在琴轨模块上并可在其上滑动， 锁弦模块 通过基锁连接件安装在控弦基座上， 锁弦模块由锁弦滑轨、 锁弦 驱动和锁弦机构组成， 锁弦滑轨连接基锁连接件， 锁弦驱动驱动 锁弦机构沿锁弦滑轨滑动， 锁弦机构在锁紧琴弦吋与琴弦接触并 使琴弦在接触点相对琴体静止进而改变琴弦振动部分的长度。 根据权利要求 1所述的模块化自动化弦乐器， 其特征是： 琴轨模块 由琴轨模块导轨和琴轨模块驱动构成， 琴轨模块驱动驱动控弦模 块在琴轨模块导轨上滑动并控制其位置。
根据权利要求 1所述的模块化自动化弦乐器， 其特征是： 琴弦在空 间的位置和分布由弦枕和弦桥的形状决定， 各琴弦在三维空间始 终相互平行。
根据权利要求 1所述的模块化自动化弦乐器， 其特征是： 锁弦动作 单元在锁紧琴弦吋仍可在锁弦驱动或琴轨模块驱动的驱动下相对 琴弦滑动， 并可在琴弦振动吋改变琴弦振动部分的长度。
根据权利要求 1所述的模块化自动化弦乐器， 其特征是： 琴身模块 与琴箱模块可以设计成一个整体式的模块。
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