WO2016027012A1 - Cylinder housing of a heat engine - Google Patents
Cylinder housing of a heat engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016027012A1 WO2016027012A1 PCT/FR2015/051544 FR2015051544W WO2016027012A1 WO 2016027012 A1 WO2016027012 A1 WO 2016027012A1 FR 2015051544 W FR2015051544 W FR 2015051544W WO 2016027012 A1 WO2016027012 A1 WO 2016027012A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- cylinder
- cylinder block
- chambers
- heat transfer
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/02—Cylinders; Cylinder heads having cooling means
- F02F1/10—Cylinders; Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
- F01P3/02—Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads
- F01P2003/021—Cooling cylinders
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cylinder block of a heat engine and a cylinder block and cylinder head assembly.
- the invention also relates to a heat engine comprising the cylinder block and cylinder head assembly and a vehicle comprising such a heat engine.
- the invention also relates to a thermal engine cooling system and a method of cooling the engine.
- the engines are formed of castings such as a cylinder head and a cylinder block or cylinder block and include a cooling system which aims to regulate their temperature to ensure reliability and improve the fuel efficiency of combustion and reduce the proportion of toxic gases escaping from the vehicle.
- the cylinder head comprising moving valves and fuel injectors, and the casing including pistons moving in cylinders, are generally subjected to significant thermal stresses produced during combustion carried out in the enclosure of these cylinders.
- the cooling systems comprise chambers, otherwise called water core, in which circulates a cooling fluid such as water.
- chambers are defined in the cylinder head and the cylinder block.
- the cylinder head comprises one or more chambers and the cylinder block a single chamber. These chambers are defined to surround in the case of the cylinder head the tops of each cylinder of the engine and in the case of the casing the side wall of each cylinder over their entire height.
- the invention makes it possible to improve the cooling of the thermal engines by rendering them more efficient at the levels of the different parts of the cylinder block, in particular the parts which are thermally loaded.
- the invention relates to a crankcase of a heat engine, particularly for a motor vehicle, comprising cylinders and a first chamber and a second crankcase chamber configured so as to allow the exchange of heat between the cylinders and a heat transfer fluid, the first chamber and the second cylinder chamber being located on either side of a plane perpendicular to the axes of the cylinders.
- the plane is defined by the position of the sealing segments of the head of a piston, in particular of the first segment, when the piston is in the so-called top dead center position;
- first and second crankcase chambers are able to surround all or part of a side wall of each cylinder, and / or
- the first casing chamber is arranged at the level of all or part of an upper side wall of each cylinder, in particular at a first part of an enclosure of each cylinder forming a combustion chamber when a piston is in the so-called top dead center position in each cylinder, and / or
- the second crankcase chamber is arranged at the level of all or part of a lower side wall of each cylinder, in particular at a second part of an enclosure of each cylinder in which a piston head moves on a race distance, and / or
- the first crankcase chamber has a cross section whose surface is substantially smaller than a surface of a cross section of the second crankcase chamber, these transverse sections being parallel to the axis of each cylinder of the crankcase.
- the invention also relates to a cylinder block and cylinder head assembly comprising such a cylinder block.
- the breech includes a single breech chamber or first and second breech chambers.
- the invention also relates to a heat engine comprising such a cylinder block and cylinder head assembly.
- the invention also relates to a cooling system of a heat engine comprising a cooling circuit comprising such a cylinder housing.
- the cooling circuit comprises the following components interconnected by portions of said circuit:
- a heat exchanger in particular a radiator
- the fluid circulation pump and the fluid outlet housing are respectively connected upstream and downstream of the cylinder block and cylinder head assembly:
- the closing / opening element is included at each portion of the circuit located between the second chamber of casing cylinder, and the circulation pump and / or the fluid outlet housing, and / or
- the first crankcase chamber is connected by at least one channel to the single breech chamber or to the first breech chamber, and / or
- the second cylinder chamber is connected by at least one channel to the second cylinder chamber.
- the invention also relates to a method of cooling a heat engine comprising a step of circulating a heat transfer fluid in a cooling circuit of an engine cooling system, the method comprising a step of management different from the circulation of the engine.
- this heat transfer fluid in first and second cylinder housing chambers located on either side of a plane perpendicular to the axes of the cylinders of a cylinder block.
- the management step comprises a substep of controlling the circulation of the coolant in the second cylinder chamber to allow / prohibit the circulation of the coolant in this second chamber and / or in that the circulation of the fluid coolant in the first chamber is permanent, and / or
- the coolant is able to circulate between the first cylinder chamber, and a single breech chamber or a first breech chamber, and / or
- the coolant is able to flow between the second cylinder chamber and a second cylinder chamber.
- FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C are different views of the first and second crankcase chambers according to the embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 shows a sectional view A-A of the cylinder block illustrated in Figure 1, according to the embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 represents a schematic view of a cooling system of a heat engine according to the embodiment of the invention
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic views of variants of the cooling system comprising the cylinder block provided with the first and second cylinder housing chambers and a cylinder head comprising a single cylinder head chamber according to the embodiment of the invention;
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic views of variants of the cooling system comprising the cylinder block provided with the first and second cylinder chamber chambers and a cylinder head comprising a single cylinder head chamber, in which the first cylinder chamber is connected. to the only breech chamber according to the embodiment of the invention;
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic views of variants of the cooling system comprising the cylinder block provided with the first and second cylinder housing chambers and a cylinder head comprising first and second cylinder head chambers according to the embodiment of the invention: FIGS.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrammatic views of variants of the cooling system comprising the cylinder block provided with the first and second crankcase chambers and a cylinder head comprising the first and second cylinder chambers, in which the first and second chambers of cylinder casing are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder head chambers according to the embodiment of the invention, and
- Figure 9 is a flow chart relating to a cooling method of a heat engine according to the embodiment of the invention.
- upstream and downstream are defined according to the direction of the flow of a heat transfer fluid in the cooling system 1 of the heat engine, which flows through different components of this system and is represented by the arrows shown in Figures 4, 5A to 8B.
- the cylinder block January 1 according to an embodiment of the invention, visible in Figure 1, comprises barrels forming cylinders 12 having side walls 17 capable of translating a piston in a chamber of each cylinder 12. These side walls 17 are generally constituted by a reported element called shirt.
- This cylinder block 1 1 has a first and second cylinder chamber visible in Figures 1, 2A to 2C, through which a heat transfer fluid is circulated to ensure cooling of the corresponding parts A, B of the cylinder block 1 1a at which these two chambers 2, 3 are arranged. These corresponding parts are the upper parts A and lower B of the cylinder block 1 1 a.
- the first chamber 2 and the second chamber 3 of the cylinder housing 1 1 a are configured to allow the exchange of heat between the cylinders 12 and the heat transfer fluid.
- the first chamber 2 and the second chamber 3 of the cylinder block are on either side of a plane P perpendicular to the axes A1 of the cylinders 12 (visible in Figures 2A and 3) or substantially on both sides of the cylinder.
- This plane P can be defined by the position of the sealing segments 28a, 28b, 28c of the head of a piston 19, when the piston is in the so-called neutral position high 18a. It is preferably defined at the first segment 28a.
- This plane P divides the cylinder block 1 1 a two upper and lower parts A, B of this cylinder housing 1 1 a.
- the first chamber is in an upper part of the cylinder block and the second chamber is in a lower part of the cylinder block.
- the terms “lower” and “higher” are relative to the direction of the axes of the cylinders.
- first and second chambers 2, 3 of the cylinder block are each formed of a set of components which contributes to guide the heat transfer fluid uniformly through the cylinder housing 1 1 a.
- the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 are able to surround all or part of the side wall 17 of each cylinder 12 formed of the upper and lower walls 17a, 17b, visible in particular in FIG. 2C.
- These upper and lower walls 17a, 17b are defined with respect to the plane P which separates the wall 17 of each cylinder 12 in two parts.
- Such an arrangement of these first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3 makes it possible in particular for a part of each of these to be arranged between the cylinders 12 of the casing 11, that is to say at level of interferences 13 visible in Figure 2B.
- These interferences 13 are part of the hottest areas of the crankcase 11a.
- the first casing chamber 2 is arranged at all or part of the upper side wall 17a of each cylinder 12, that is to say above the plane P. More precisely, this first casing chamber 2 is defined to surround the upper sidewalls 17a of the cylinders 12, which walls 17a being located for each cylinder 12 at a first portion of the chamber D of each cylinder 12 said combustion chamber.
- this first casing chamber 2 is situated at the level of the first part of the enclosure D formed in each cylinder 12 corresponding to the volume between: the upper lateral wall 17a of this cylinder 12, the head of the piston 19 when it is in the position of the top dead center 18a and the cylinder head 1 1b closing the top of the cylinder block 1 1a at the upper face C of the latter. It is actually in this first part of the enclosure D that the gases are hottest, just before the combustion is initiated and at the moment when the energy of the gases begins to be released. It will be noted that the volume of this first part of the enclosure D varies according to the characteristics of the heat engine.
- the first cylinder chamber 2 has for example a cross section and parallel to the axis A1 of each cylinder, having the following dimensions:
- a height H1 which is between 5 and 20 mm, and preferably 10 mm;
- a width L1 which is between 5 and 15 mm, and preferably 10 mm, and a surface (flow section) which is between 25 and 300 mm 2 , and preferably 100 mm 2 .
- the height H1 of the first cylinder chamber 2 substantially corresponds to the height of the first part of the enclosure D that is to say that of the combustion chamber of the cylinders 12.
- the dimensions of the cross section of this first cylinder chamber 2 are defined so that the heat transfer fluid circulates rapidly in the first chamber 2 to ensure a very good cooling at the upper portion of the cylinder housing 1 1 a where there is a strong thermal stress. Indeed, for the same flow of heat transfer fluid flowing in the first and second chambers 2, 3 of the cylinder block, the dimensions of the cross section of the first cylinder chamber 2 are smaller, the flow velocity of the coolant is important which has the effect of ensuring rapid and efficient cooling of the upper side wall 17a of each cylinder 12 and therefore the upper portion of the housing 1 1 a.
- the first chamber 2 of the crankcase has a cross section whose surface is substantially smaller than the cross-sectional area of the second chamber 3 of the crankcase.
- the second crank chamber 3 is arranged at all or part of the lower side wall 17b of each cylinder 12, ie below the plane P. More precisely, this second crank chamber 3 is defined to surround the lower sidewalls 17b of the cylinders 12, which walls 17b are located at a second portion of the chamber E of each cylinder in which the piston head 19 moves over a stroke distance d.
- This stroke distance d which depends on the characteristics of the engine and in particular the displacement and the power of the latter, may be between 60 and 120 mm, and preferably 80 mm.
- this second part of the enclosure E in each cylinder 12 are defined by the positions of the piston head 19, especially when it is respectively in the positions of the top dead center 18a and the point low death 18b.
- the height of this chamber is a function of the stroke of the piston head 19 in the cylinders 12.
- This second cylinder chamber 3 has for example a section having the following dimensions:
- a height H2 which is between 50 and 100% of the stroke distance d of the piston head 19, and preferably 70%;
- a width L 2 which is between 8 and 15 mm, and preferably 10 mm, and
- this second chamber 3 of the crankcase is able to contribute to the cooling of the lower portion B of the crankcase 11a and in particular the lower side wall 17b of each cylinder 12 located at the second part of the enclosure E of the cylinder where the stroke of the piston head 19 is performed.
- the lower side wall 17b of each cylinder 12 located at this second part of the enclosure E is the one that experiences friction with the piston head 19 and at which the gases generate significant thermal stresses.
- the cylinder block 1 1 a visible in Figure 1, may be assembled with a cylinder head 1 1b so as to form a set 1 1 sump cylinder and cylinder head visible in Figure 4.
- the cylinder head 1 1b includes distribution (valves), ignition (spark plug) and supply of the engine.
- a cylinder head gasket 1 1 c seals between the cylinder block 1 1 a and the cylinder head 1 1b in this assembly 1 1 cylinder block and cylinder head.
- the first and second crankcase chambers 2, 3 which surround the sidewalls 17 of the cylinders 12 are formed during the manufacturing process of the crankcase 11a, in particular from molding processes.
- the chambers 2 and 3 are obtained by permanent mold (metallic) or by a destructible mold (sand mold or resorbable salt). It will be noted, for example, that when the cylinder block 11a is of the "open deck” type in English or "open tablature" as in FIG. 1, the first cylinder chamber 2 is arranged at the upper face C of this casing 1 1a and is hermetically closed by the assembly, at this upper face C, the cylinder head gasket 1 1 c and the cylinder head 1 1b on the cylinder block 1 1 a.
- the separation between the chamber 2 and the chamber 3 of the crankcase can be an insert which is assembled (inserted) at the altitude of the plane P of the crankcase 11a.
- Such first and second cylinder chamber 2, 3 contribute to achieve a more homogeneous cooling of the cylinders, limiting deformation at the cylinders.
- these first and second crankcase chambers 2, 3 are independent of one another, that is to say that they are not connected to one another in the crankcase 1 1 a and thus make it possible to ensure a separate cooling of the cylinder block 1 1 a.
- these first and second chambers 2, 3 of the cylinder block are configured to achieve a different circulation of the coolant in the parts corresponding A, B of the crankcase 1 1a of the engine.
- these first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 constitute a double-stage cooling of the cylinder housing 11a.
- This cylinder block 1 1 has been part of a cooling system of a heat engine comprising the assembly 1 1 cylinder block and cylinder head.
- this cooling system 1 comprises a cooling circuit, in a closed circuit, capable of ensuring the circulation of the coolant in the engine.
- This coolant is selected from fluids having optimum physicochemical properties, especially in terms of viscosity, heat capacity, thermal conductivity and anticorrosive properties.
- heat transfer fluid may be for example water or a mixture of water and ethylene glycol.
- the cooling system 1 comprises in a nonlimiting and non-exhaustive manner, the following components which are interconnected by portions of said cooling circuit:
- the cylinder block 1 1 provided with the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3;
- a heat exchanger 9 in particular a radiator
- the cylinder head 1 1 b of this cooling system 1 comprises at least one cylinder chamber 4, 5 which is capable of surrounding peaks of each of the cylinders 12 of the engine.
- This cylinder head 1 1 b can comprise a single breech chamber 4 or first and second breech chambers 4, 5.
- the fluid circulation pump 6 and the fluid outlet box 8 are respectively arranged upstream and downstream of the heat engine.
- the fluid circulation pump 6 may for example be a centrifugal pump, a particularity of which lies in the fact that it is able to rotate in a closed circuit without generating flow. It is connected to the various cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and cylinder head 4, 5 of the cooling system 1 by outlet pipes 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d.
- the system 1 may comprise several fluid circulation pumps, for example a first pump for the cylinder block chambers 2, 3 and a second pump for the cylinder head chamber or chambers 4, 5, or a pump for each of the cylinder chamber 2, 3 and cylinder head chambers 4, 5.
- the fluid outlet housing 8 is connected upstream to the various cylinder housing chambers 2, 3 and cylinder head 4, 5, and downstream to the exchanger 9. More specifically, the fluid outlet housing 8 comprises upstream of the inlet ducts 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d separated and connected to the cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and cylinder head 4, 5 This outlet housing 8 is adapted to converge the heat transfer fluid resulting from these chambers 2, 3, 4, 5 towards the heat exchanger 9 through an outlet pipe 22 connecting it to the latter.
- This fluid outlet box 8 comprises valves 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, in particular solenoid valves or thermostatic valves which can be activated / deactivated depending on the temperature of the coolant from the chambers of crankcase 2, 3 and cylinder head 4, 5.
- these valves 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d can be arranged on each of the inlet pipes 21a, 21b, 21c , 21d of the fluid outlet box 8.
- the fluid outlet box 8 can thus from its valves 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d regulate the temperature of the heat transfer fluid of the cooling system 1.
- the cooling system 1 also comprises the closure / opening element 7 of the coolant flow corresponding for example to solenoid valves or thermostatic valves.
- This closing / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second chamber 3 of the cylinder block upstream of the engine, that is to say between the fluid circulation pump 6 and the assembly 1 1 cylinder block and cylinder head, or downstream of this assembly January 1, especially between this set January 1 and the outlet housing 8 of fluid.
- this closing element / opening 7 of heat transfer fluid flow is arranged upstream of the assembly 1 1 because when it is downstream of the latter, there may be spurious micromouvements of the heat transfer fluid included in the second cylinder chamber 3 resulting from the fact that the pump 6 turns on itself and brews the heat transfer fluid which will then contribute to ensure parasitic cooling.
- FIGS. 5A to 8B eight variants of the cooling system 1 are shown diagrammatically, comprising the cylinder block 1 1 provided with the cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3, the cylinder head 1 1b including the cylinder head chamber or chambers 4, 5, the fluid circulation pump 6, the fluid outlet box 8 and the heat exchanger 9.
- the first and second variants of the cooling system 1 are illustrated respectively in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- These variants of the cooling system 1 comprise the cylinder block 1 1 provided with first and second cylinder chamber 2, 3 and the cylinder head 1 1b comprising a single cylinder chamber 4.
- these chambers 2, 3, 4 are independent of each other in the assembly 1 1 cylinder block and breech.
- the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder chamber 4 are supplied with heat transfer fluid by the circulation pump 6 which is connected to each of them by the portions of the cooling circuit forming the first, second and third outlet ducts 20a, 20b, 20c of the pump 6. More specifically, the first, second and third outlet ducts 20a, 20b, 20c of the pump 6 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and to the breech chamber 4. The heat transfer fluid from these first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder chamber 4 is discharged to the fluid outlet housing 8 from the portions of the cooling circuit forming the first, second and third inlet ducts 21a, 21b, 21c of the outlet housing 8.
- first, second and third inlet ducts 21 a, 21 b, 21 c of the output housing 8 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and to the breech chamber 4.
- each inlet pipe 21 a, 21 b 21c is provided with the valve 10a, 10b, 10c.
- the closing / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second outlet pipe 20b of the circulation pump 6 of the fluid.
- the closing / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second inlet pipe 21b of the fluid outlet box 8.
- the third and fourth variants of the cooling system 1 are illustrated respectively in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
- These variants of the cooling system 1 comprise the cylinder block January 1 provided with the first and second cylinder chamber 2, 3 and the cylinder head 1 1b comprising a single cylinder head chamber 4.
- the first cylinder block chamber 2 is connected to the breech chamber 4 by at least one channel 23a, 23b, here two channels which pass through the cylinder head gasket 1 1c.
- the first and second casing chamber 2, 3 are supplied with heat transfer fluid by the circulation pump 6 which is connected to each of them by the portions of the cooling circuit forming respectively the first and second outlet ducts 20a, 20b of the pump 6. More specifically, the first and second outlet ducts of the pump 6 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3. Alternatively, a portion of the cooling circuit, in dotted lines in the figures 6A and 6B, forming a third outlet pipe 20c, can connect the circulation pump 6 to the yoke chamber 4.
- the heat transfer fluid from these first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder chamber 4 is evacuated to the outlet housing 8 of fluid from the portions of the cooling circuit forming the first and second pipes of ent 21a, 21b of the output housing 8.
- the first and second inlet ducts 21a, 21b of the outlet housing 8 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3. this outlet housing 8 each inlet pipe 21a, 21b is provided with the valve 10a, 10b.
- a portion of the cooling circuit, in dashed lines in FIGS. 6A and 6B, forming a third inlet duct 21c can connect the breech chamber 4:
- the output box 8 comprises the valve 10c which is arranged on this third inlet pipe 21c of the housing 8, and / or
- the closure / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second outlet pipe 20b of the circulation pump 6 of the fluid.
- the closing / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second inlet pipe 21b of the fluid outlet box 8.
- the fifth and sixth variants of the cooling system 1 are illustrated respectively in Figs. 7A and 7B.
- These variants of the cooling system 1 comprise the cylinder block 1 1 has the first and second cylinder chamber 2, 3 and the cylinder head 1 1b comprising the first and second cylinder chamber 4, 5.
- These chambers 2, 3, 4, 5 are independent and separated from each other in the assembly 1 1 cylinder block and cylinder head.
- the first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3 and the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5 are supplied with heat transfer fluid by the circulation pump 6 which is connected to each of they by the portions of the cooling circuit forming the first, second, third and fourth outlet pipes 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d of the pump 6. More specifically, the first and second outlet pipes 20a, 20b of the pump 6 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3 and the third and fourth outlet pipes 20c, 20d to the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5.
- the heat transfer fluid from these first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5, is discharged to the fluid outlet box 8 from the portions of the cooling circuit forming the first, second, third and fourth inlet ducts 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d of the outlet casing 8.
- the first and second inlet ducts 21a, 21b of the outlet casing 8 are respectively connected at the first and second casing chamber 2, 3 and the third and fourth inlet ducts 21c, 21d to the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5.
- each inlet duct 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d is provided with the valve 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d.
- the closure / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second outlet pipe 20b of the circulation pump 6 of the fluid.
- the closing / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second inlet pipe 21b of the fluid outlet box 8.
- the seventh and eighth variants of the cooling system 1 are illustrated respectively in FIGS. 8A and 8B.
- These variants of the cooling system 1 comprise the crankcase 11a having the first and second crankcase chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder head 1 1b provided with the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5.
- the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder chamber 4, 5, by at least one channel 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, here four channels passing through the cylinder head gasket 1 1 c.
- the first and second casing chamber 2, 3 are supplied with heat transfer fluid by the circulation pump 6 which is connected to each of them by the portions of the cooling circuit forming respectively the first and second outlet ducts 20a, 20b of the pump 6. More specifically, the first and second outlet pipes 20a, 20b of the pump 6 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3. Alternatively, portions of the cooling circuit, in dotted lines FIGS. 8A and 8B, forming third and fourth outlet ducts 20c, 20d, can connect the circulation pump 6 respectively to the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5.
- the first and second inlet ducts 21a, 21b of the outlet housing 8 are respectively connected to the first and second crankcase chambers 2, 3.
- each inlet pipe 21a, 21b is provided with the valve 10a, 10b.
- portions of the cooling circuit, dashed in FIGS. 8A and 8B, forming a third and fourth input duct 21c, 21d can connect the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5 respectively:
- the output housing 8 comprises the valve 10c, 10d which is arranged on each of the third and fourth inlet ducts 21c, 21d of the housing 8, and / or
- closure / opening member 7 is arranged at the second outlet pipe 20b of the circulation pump 6 of the fluid.
- the closure / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second inlet pipe 21b of the fluid outlet box 8.
- the cooling system 1 comprising a cylinder block January 1 provided with the first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder head January 1 comprising the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5, only the first cylinder chamber 2 is connected to the first cylinder chamber 4 by at least one channel 23a, 23b which passes through the cylinder head gasket 1 1c.
- the cooling system 1 is able to implement a method of cooling the engine.
- FIG. 9 illustrates this cooling process, which comprises a step 24 for circulating the coolant in the cooling circuit of the cooling system 1 of the engine.
- This step is performed by the fluid circulation pump 6.
- This heat transfer fluid is circulated in this circuit and therefore in the different cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and cylinder head 4, 5 according to a configurable flow rate which is defined by the pump 6.
- This circulation step 24 comprises a substep of configuration of the flow rate of the fluid in the cooling circuit and in particular in the first and second cylinder chamber 2, 3 and cylinder head chambers 4, 5.
- Such a sub-step optimally manages the thermal cylinders 12 of the engine.
- the method provides a step of management different from the circulation of the fluid in the crankcase chambers 2, 3.
- This different management results in particular from the particular and distinct configuration of the first and second crankcase chambers 2, 3, more precisely the different dimensions than their cross section.
- this different management makes it possible to achieve separate cooling at the upper parts A and lower B of the casing January 1, where these two chambers 2, 3 are respectively arranged.
- the fluid circulating in the first cylinder chamber 2 is able to evacuate more calories than when it circulates in the second cylinder chamber 3 in particular because the fluid flows faster in the first chamber 2 that in the second 3.
- this management step 25 comprises a substep of control of the circulation of the coolant in the second cylinder chamber 3.
- This substep of fluid flow control is performed by the closure element / opening 7 which is able to allow / prohibit the circulation of this fluid in the second chamber 3.
- Such a control of the heat transfer fluid passage allows to enable / disable the cooling of the lower portion B of the housing and more precisely lower side walls 17b of the cylinders 12 of this housing 1 1 a.
- Such a sub-step of controlling the circulation of the fluid contributes to promoting the rapid rise in temperature of the cylinders 12 of the casing January 1 in cold weather at the start of the vehicle. More specifically, the closing / opening element 7 can be controlled to prevent the circulation of heat transfer fluid in the second cylinder chamber 3, which has the effect of stopping the cooling of the lower portion B of the housing 1 1 a.
- the higher the temperature of the cylinders 12 increases the more the oil in the crankcase will heat and its viscosity decrease, resulting in a reduction of friction, especially between the piston head 19 and the jacket of each of the cylinders 12.
- the efficiency of the engine is increased and its consumption and its CO2 emissions, decreased.
- This temperature threshold may be between 70 and 110 ° C, and is preferably 90 ° C.
- the heat transfer fluid circulates continuously to ensure the reliability of the cylinder tops 12, and sealing segments 28a to 28c so as to avoid in particular the scrubbing of these segments 28a to 28c .
- the management step 25 also limits the temperature difference amplitude between the upper 17a and lower 17b walls of each cylinder 12 of the housing.
- the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 can be managed independently so as to allow different cooling of the upper parts A and lower B of the cylinder block January 1 in different configurations.
- the method then provides a step 26 for evacuating the heat transfer fluid from the cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder head 4, 5 to the outlet housing 8.
- This outlet housing 8 comprises the valves 10a to 10d which are capable of a reference temperature to allow the flow of fluid from each of these chambers 2, 3, 4, 5 to the heat exchanger 9.
- the heat exchanger 9 performs the cooling of the heat transfer fluid which has been heated by circulating in the cylinder chamber 2, 3 and cylinder head chambers 4, 5.
- the cooled coolant is then circulated by the pump 6 in the circuit of the cooling system 1.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cylinder housing (11a) of a heat engine, particularly for motor vehicle. Said housing includes cylinders (12) and a first cylinder housing chamber (2) and a second cylinder housing chamber (3) that are configured so as to enable heat exchange between the cylinders (12) and a heat-transfer fluid. The first (2) and second (3) cylinder housing chambers are located on either sides of a plane (P) perpendicular to the axes (A1) of the cylinders (12).
Description
CARTER CYLINDRE D'UN MOTEUR THERMIQUE CYLINDER HOUSING OF A THERMAL ENGINE
La présente invention concerne un carter cylindre d'un moteur thermique ainsi qu'un ensemble carter cylindre et culasse. The present invention relates to a cylinder block of a heat engine and a cylinder block and cylinder head assembly.
L'invention concerne également un moteur thermique comprenant l'ensemble carter cylindre et culasse ainsi qu'un véhicule comprenant un tel moteur thermique. L'invention concerne aussi un système de refroidissement du moteur thermique ainsi qu'un procédé de refroidissement de ce moteur. The invention also relates to a heat engine comprising the cylinder block and cylinder head assembly and a vehicle comprising such a heat engine. The invention also relates to a thermal engine cooling system and a method of cooling the engine.
Dans l'état de l'art, les moteurs thermiques sont formés de pièces de fonderie telles qu'une culasse et un carter cylindre ou bloc-cylindres et comprennent un système de refroidissement qui vise à réguler leur température afin d'en assurer la fiabilité et d'améliorer le rendement énergétique de la combustion et de réduire la proportion de gaz toxiques s'échappant du véhicule. La culasse en comportant des soupapes en mouvement et des injecteurs de carburant, et le carter en comprenant des pistons en déplacement dans des cylindres, font généralement l'objet de sollicitations thermiques importantes produites lors de la combustion réalisée dans l'enceinte de ces cylindres. In the state of the art, the engines are formed of castings such as a cylinder head and a cylinder block or cylinder block and include a cooling system which aims to regulate their temperature to ensure reliability and improve the fuel efficiency of combustion and reduce the proportion of toxic gases escaping from the vehicle. The cylinder head comprising moving valves and fuel injectors, and the casing including pistons moving in cylinders, are generally subjected to significant thermal stresses produced during combustion carried out in the enclosure of these cylinders.
Afin de réguler la température de ces moteurs, les systèmes de refroidissement comprennent des chambres, autrement appelés noyau d'eau, dans lesquelles circule un fluide de refroidissement tel que de l'eau. De telles chambres sont définies dans la culasse et le carter cylindre.
Dans ces moteurs thermiques, la culasse comprend une ou plusieurs chambres et le carter cylindre une seule chambre. Ces chambres sont définies pour entourer dans le cas de la culasse les sommets de chacun des cylindres du moteur et dans le cas du carter la paroi latérale de chaque cylindre sur toute leur hauteur. In order to regulate the temperature of these engines, the cooling systems comprise chambers, otherwise called water core, in which circulates a cooling fluid such as water. Such chambers are defined in the cylinder head and the cylinder block. In these engines, the cylinder head comprises one or more chambers and the cylinder block a single chamber. These chambers are defined to surround in the case of the cylinder head the tops of each cylinder of the engine and in the case of the casing the side wall of each cylinder over their entire height.
Cependant, de tels systèmes de refroidissement ont pour inconvénient majeur de réaliser un refroidissement de même nature sur toutes les parties du carter cylindre alors que les sollicitations thermiques ne sont pas les mêmes pendant la combustion sur toute la hauteur d'un cylindre, notamment lorsque le piston dans chacun de ces cylindres est en position haute, autrement connu sous l'acronyme PMH (Point Mort Haut) ou en position basse, également désignée par l'acronyme PMB (Point Mort Bas). However, such cooling systems have the major disadvantage of performing a similar cooling on all parts of the cylinder block while the thermal stresses are not the same during combustion over the entire height of a cylinder, especially when the piston in each of these cylinders is in the up position, otherwise known by the acronym PMH (High Dead Point) or in the low position, also referred to by the acronym PMB (Dead Point Low).
De ce fait, de tels systèmes de refroidissement contribuent souvent à la génération de déformations hétérogènes sur toute la hauteur des cylindres par dilatation thermique. De telles déformations induisent alors une augmentation de la consommation d'huile et de gaz de combustion du fait que l'étanchéité entre les pistons et les cylindres n'est plus assurée, notamment par une usure prématurée des segments qui sont susceptibles d'assurer cette étanchéité. La présente invention a pour objet de remédier en tout ou partie aux différents inconvénients cités précédemment. As a result, such cooling systems often contribute to the generation of heterogeneous deformations over the entire height of the cylinders by thermal expansion. Such deformations then induce an increase in the consumption of oil and combustion gas because the seal between the pistons and the cylinders is no longer ensured, in particular by premature wear of the segments that are likely to ensure this. seal. The present invention aims to remedy all or part of the various disadvantages mentioned above.
Avantageusement, l'invention permet d'améliorer le refroidissement des moteurs thermiques en les rendant plus efficaces aux niveaux des différentes parties du carter cylindre, notamment les parties qui sont chargées thermiquement.
Dans ce dessein, l'invention concerne un carter cylindre d'un moteur thermique, notamment pour véhicule automobile, comprenant des cylindres et une première chambre et une deuxième chambre de carter cylindre configurées de sorte à permettre l'échange de chaleur entre les cylindres et un fluide caloporteur, la première chambre et la deuxième chambre de carter cylindre se trouvant de part et d'autre d'un plan perpendiculaire aux axes des cylindres. Advantageously, the invention makes it possible to improve the cooling of the thermal engines by rendering them more efficient at the levels of the different parts of the cylinder block, in particular the parts which are thermally loaded. With this aim, the invention relates to a crankcase of a heat engine, particularly for a motor vehicle, comprising cylinders and a first chamber and a second crankcase chamber configured so as to allow the exchange of heat between the cylinders and a heat transfer fluid, the first chamber and the second cylinder chamber being located on either side of a plane perpendicular to the axes of the cylinders.
Dans d'autres modes de réalisation : In other embodiments:
- le plan est défini par la position des segments d'étanchéité de la tête d'un piston, notamment du premier segment, lorsque le piston est en position dite de point mort haut ; the plane is defined by the position of the sealing segments of the head of a piston, in particular of the first segment, when the piston is in the so-called top dead center position;
- les première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre sont aptes à entourer tout ou partie d'une paroi latérale de chaque cylindre, et/ou the first and second crankcase chambers are able to surround all or part of a side wall of each cylinder, and / or
- la première chambre de carter cylindre est agencée au niveau de tout ou partie d'une paroi latérale supérieure de chaque cylindre, notamment au niveau d'une première partie d'une enceinte de chaque cylindre formant une chambre de combustion lorsqu'un piston est en position dite de point mort haut dans chaque cylindre, et/ou the first casing chamber is arranged at the level of all or part of an upper side wall of each cylinder, in particular at a first part of an enclosure of each cylinder forming a combustion chamber when a piston is in the so-called top dead center position in each cylinder, and / or
- la deuxième chambre de carter cylindre est agencée au niveau de tout ou partie d'une paroi latérale inférieure de chaque cylindre, notamment au niveau d'une deuxième partie d'une enceinte de chaque cylindre dans laquelle une tête de piston se déplace sur une distance de course, et/ou the second crankcase chamber is arranged at the level of all or part of a lower side wall of each cylinder, in particular at a second part of an enclosure of each cylinder in which a piston head moves on a race distance, and / or
- la première chambre de carter cylindre présente une section transversale dont la surface est sensiblement inférieure à une surface d'une section transversale de la deuxième chambre de carter cylindre, ces sections transversales étant parallèles à l'axe de chaque cylindre du carter.
L'invention concerne également un ensemble carter cylindre et culasse comprenant un tel carter cylindre. the first crankcase chamber has a cross section whose surface is substantially smaller than a surface of a cross section of the second crankcase chamber, these transverse sections being parallel to the axis of each cylinder of the crankcase. The invention also relates to a cylinder block and cylinder head assembly comprising such a cylinder block.
Avantageusement, la culasse comprend une seule chambre de culasse ou des première et deuxième chambres de culasse. Advantageously, the breech includes a single breech chamber or first and second breech chambers.
L'invention concerne aussi un moteur thermique comprenant un tel ensemble carter cylindre et culasse. L'invention concerne aussi un système de refroidissement d'un moteur thermique comprenant un circuit de refroidissement comportant un tel carter cylindre. The invention also relates to a heat engine comprising such a cylinder block and cylinder head assembly. The invention also relates to a cooling system of a heat engine comprising a cooling circuit comprising such a cylinder housing.
Dans d'autres modes de réalisation : In other embodiments:
- le circuit de refroidissement comprend les composants suivants reliés entre eux par des portions dudit circuit : the cooling circuit comprises the following components interconnected by portions of said circuit:
une culasse ; a breech;
un échangeur de chaleur, notamment un radiateur ; a heat exchanger, in particular a radiator;
une pompe de circulation du fluide caloporteur ; un élément de fermeture/ouverture, et a coolant circulation pump; a closure / opening element, and
un boîtier de sortie de fluide caloporteur, et/ou a heat transfer fluid outlet housing, and / or
- la pompe de circulation de fluide et le boîtier de sortie de fluide sont reliés respectivement en amont et en aval de l'ensemble carter cylindre et culasse : the fluid circulation pump and the fluid outlet housing are respectively connected upstream and downstream of the cylinder block and cylinder head assembly:
aux première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre, et/ou at the first and second crankcase chambers, and / or
■ à une seule chambre de culasse ou aux première et deuxième chambres de culasse, et/ou ■ a single breech chamber or the first and second breech chambers, and / or
- l'élément de fermeture/ouverture est compris au niveau de chaque portion du circuit localisée entre la deuxième chambre de carter
cylindre, et la pompe de circulation et/ou le boîtier de sortie de fluide, et/ou the closing / opening element is included at each portion of the circuit located between the second chamber of casing cylinder, and the circulation pump and / or the fluid outlet housing, and / or
- la première chambre de carter cylindre est reliée par au moins un canal à la seule chambre de culasse ou à la première chambre de culasse, et/ou the first crankcase chamber is connected by at least one channel to the single breech chamber or to the first breech chamber, and / or
- la deuxième chambre de carter cylindre est reliée par au moins un canal à la deuxième chambre de culasse. - The second cylinder chamber is connected by at least one channel to the second cylinder chamber.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de refroidissement d'un moteur thermique comprenant une étape de circulation d'un fluide caloporteur dans un circuit de refroidissement d'un système de refroidissement du moteur, le procédé comprenant une étape de gestion différente de la circulation de ce fluide caloporteur dans des première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre se trouvant de part et d'autre d'un plan perpendiculaire aux axes des cylindres d'un carter cylindre. The invention also relates to a method of cooling a heat engine comprising a step of circulating a heat transfer fluid in a cooling circuit of an engine cooling system, the method comprising a step of management different from the circulation of the engine. this heat transfer fluid in first and second cylinder housing chambers located on either side of a plane perpendicular to the axes of the cylinders of a cylinder block.
En particulier, dans ce procédé : In particular, in this process:
- l'étape de gestion comprend une sous-étape de contrôle de la circulation du fluide caloporteur dans la deuxième chambre de carter cylindre visant à autoriser/interdire la circulation du fluide caloporteur dans cette deuxième chambre et/ou en ce que la circulation du fluide caloporteur dans la première chambre est permanente, et/ou the management step comprises a substep of controlling the circulation of the coolant in the second cylinder chamber to allow / prohibit the circulation of the coolant in this second chamber and / or in that the circulation of the fluid coolant in the first chamber is permanent, and / or
- le fluide caloporteur est apte à circuler entre la première chambre de carter cylindre, et une seule chambre de culasse ou une première chambre de culasse, et/ou the coolant is able to circulate between the first cylinder chamber, and a single breech chamber or a first breech chamber, and / or
- le fluide caloporteur est apte à circuler entre la deuxième chambre de carter cylindre et une deuxième chambre de culasse. - The coolant is able to flow between the second cylinder chamber and a second cylinder chamber.
L'invention concerne aussi un véhicule comprenant un tel moteur thermique.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description d'un mode de réalisation préféré qui va suivre, en référence aux figures, réalisé à titre d'exemple indicatif et non limitatif : la figure 1 représente une vue d'un carter cylindre comprenant des première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre selon le mode de réalisation de l'invention The invention also relates to a vehicle comprising such a heat engine. Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear better on reading the description of a preferred embodiment which will follow, with reference to the figures, made by way of indicative and nonlimiting example: FIG. view of a cylinder block comprising first and second crankcase chambers according to the embodiment of the invention
les figures 2A, 2B et 2C sont des vues différentes des première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre selon le mode de réalisation de l'invention ; FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C are different views of the first and second crankcase chambers according to the embodiment of the invention;
la figure 3 représente une vue en coupe A-A du carter cylindre illustré sur la figure 1 , selon le mode de réalisation de l'invention ; la figure 4 représente une vue schématique d'un système de refroidissement d'un moteur thermique selon le mode de réalisation de l'invention ; Figure 3 shows a sectional view A-A of the cylinder block illustrated in Figure 1, according to the embodiment of the invention; FIG. 4 represents a schematic view of a cooling system of a heat engine according to the embodiment of the invention;
les figures 5A et 5B sont des vues schématiques de variantes du système de refroidissement comprenant le carter cylindre pourvu des première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre et d'une culasse comprenant une seule chambre de culasse selon le mode réalisation de l'invention ; FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic views of variants of the cooling system comprising the cylinder block provided with the first and second cylinder housing chambers and a cylinder head comprising a single cylinder head chamber according to the embodiment of the invention;
les figures 6A et 6B sont des vues schématiques de variantes du système de refroidissement comprenant le carter cylindre pourvu des première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre et d'une culasse comprenant une seule chambre de culasse, dans lequel la première chambre de carter cylindre est reliée à la seule chambre de culasse selon le mode réalisation de l'invention ; les figures 7A et 7B sont des vues schématiques de variantes du système de refroidissement comprenant le carter cylindre pourvu des première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre et d'une culasse comprenant des première et deuxième chambres de culasse selon le mode réalisation de l'invention :
les figures 8A et 8B sont des vues schématiques de variantes du système de refroidissement comprenant le carter cylindre pourvu des première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre et d'une culasse comprenant les première et deuxième chambres de culasse, dans lequel les première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre sont reliées respectivement aux première et deuxième chambres de culasse selon le mode réalisation de l'invention, et FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic views of variants of the cooling system comprising the cylinder block provided with the first and second cylinder chamber chambers and a cylinder head comprising a single cylinder head chamber, in which the first cylinder chamber is connected. to the only breech chamber according to the embodiment of the invention; FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic views of variants of the cooling system comprising the cylinder block provided with the first and second cylinder housing chambers and a cylinder head comprising first and second cylinder head chambers according to the embodiment of the invention: FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrammatic views of variants of the cooling system comprising the cylinder block provided with the first and second crankcase chambers and a cylinder head comprising the first and second cylinder chambers, in which the first and second chambers of cylinder casing are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder head chambers according to the embodiment of the invention, and
la figure 9 est un logigramme relatif à un procédé de refroidissement d'un moteur thermique selon le mode de réalisation de l'invention. Figure 9 is a flow chart relating to a cooling method of a heat engine according to the embodiment of the invention.
Dans la description, les termes « amont » et « aval » sont définis en fonction du sens du flux de circulation d'un fluide caloporteur dans le système de refroidissement 1 du moteur thermique, lequel flux parcourt différents composants de ce système et est représenté par les flèches figurant sur les figures 4, 5A à 8B. In the description, the terms "upstream" and "downstream" are defined according to the direction of the flow of a heat transfer fluid in the cooling system 1 of the heat engine, which flows through different components of this system and is represented by the arrows shown in Figures 4, 5A to 8B.
Le carter cylindre 1 1 a selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, visible sur la figure 1 , comprend des fûts formant des cylindres 12 comportant des parois latérales 17 susceptibles de guider en translation un piston dans une enceinte de chaque cylindre 12. Ces parois latérales 17 sont généralement constituées par un élément rapporté appelé chemise. Ce carter cylindre 1 1 a comporte des première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre visibles sur les figures 1 , 2A à 2C, au travers desquels un fluide caloporteur est susceptible de circuler afin d'assurer le refroidissement des parties correspondantes A, B du carter cylindre 1 1 a au niveau desquelles ces deux chambres 2, 3 sont agencés. Ces parties correspondantes sont les parties supérieure A et inférieure B du carter cylindre 1 1 a.
Dans ce carter cylindre 1 1 a, la première chambre 2 et la deuxième chambre 3 de carter cylindre 1 1 a sont configurées de sorte à permettre l'échange de chaleur entre les cylindres 12 et le fluide caloporteur. La première chambre 2 et la deuxième chambre 3 de carter cylindre se trouvent de part et d'autre d'un plan P perpendiculaire aux axes A1 des cylindres 12 (visibles sur les figures 2A et 3) ou sensiblement de part et d'autre d'un plan P perpendiculaire aux axes A1 des cylindres 12. Ce plan P peut être défini par la position des segments d'étanchéité 28a, 28b, 28c de la tête d'un piston 19, lorsque le piston est en position dite de point mort haut 18a. Il est de préférence défini au niveau du premier segment 28a. Ce plan P partage le carter cylindre 1 1 a en deux parties supérieure et inférieure A, B de ce carter cylindre 1 1 a. Autrement dit, la première chambre se trouve dans une partie supérieure du carter cylindre et la deuxième chambre se trouve dans une partie inférieure du carter cylindre. Les termes « inférieur » et « supérieur » sont relatifs à la direction des axes des cylindres. The cylinder block January 1 according to an embodiment of the invention, visible in Figure 1, comprises barrels forming cylinders 12 having side walls 17 capable of translating a piston in a chamber of each cylinder 12. These side walls 17 are generally constituted by a reported element called shirt. This cylinder block 1 1 has a first and second cylinder chamber visible in Figures 1, 2A to 2C, through which a heat transfer fluid is circulated to ensure cooling of the corresponding parts A, B of the cylinder block 1 1a at which these two chambers 2, 3 are arranged. These corresponding parts are the upper parts A and lower B of the cylinder block 1 1 a. In this cylinder housing 1 1 a, the first chamber 2 and the second chamber 3 of the cylinder housing 1 1 a are configured to allow the exchange of heat between the cylinders 12 and the heat transfer fluid. The first chamber 2 and the second chamber 3 of the cylinder block are on either side of a plane P perpendicular to the axes A1 of the cylinders 12 (visible in Figures 2A and 3) or substantially on both sides of the cylinder. a plane P perpendicular to the axes A1 of the cylinders 12. This plane P can be defined by the position of the sealing segments 28a, 28b, 28c of the head of a piston 19, when the piston is in the so-called neutral position high 18a. It is preferably defined at the first segment 28a. This plane P divides the cylinder block 1 1 a two upper and lower parts A, B of this cylinder housing 1 1 a. In other words, the first chamber is in an upper part of the cylinder block and the second chamber is in a lower part of the cylinder block. The terms "lower" and "higher" are relative to the direction of the axes of the cylinders.
Ces première et deuxième chambres 2, 3 de carter cylindre sont chacune formées d'un ensemble de composantes qui contribue à guider le fluide caloporteur de manière uniforme à travers le carter cylindre 1 1 a. These first and second chambers 2, 3 of the cylinder block are each formed of a set of components which contributes to guide the heat transfer fluid uniformly through the cylinder housing 1 1 a.
Sur les figures 2B et 2C, les première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3, sont aptes à entourer tout ou partie de la paroi latérale 17 de chaque cylindre 12 formée des parois supérieure et inférieure 17a, 17b, visibles notamment sur la figure 2C. Ces parois supérieure et inférieure 17a, 17b sont définies par rapport au plan P qui sépare la paroi 17 de chaque cylindre 12 en deux parties. On notera qu'une telle disposition de ces première et deuxième chambres 2, 3 de carter cylindre, permet notamment qu'une partie de chacune de ces dernières soit agencée entre les cylindres 12 du carter 1 1 a c'est-à-dire au niveau des interfûts 13
visible sur la figure 2B. Ces interfûts 13 font parties des zones les plus chaudes du carter cylindre 1 1 a. In FIGS. 2B and 2C, the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 are able to surround all or part of the side wall 17 of each cylinder 12 formed of the upper and lower walls 17a, 17b, visible in particular in FIG. 2C. These upper and lower walls 17a, 17b are defined with respect to the plane P which separates the wall 17 of each cylinder 12 in two parts. It will be noted that such an arrangement of these first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3 makes it possible in particular for a part of each of these to be arranged between the cylinders 12 of the casing 11, that is to say at level of interferences 13 visible in Figure 2B. These interferences 13 are part of the hottest areas of the crankcase 11a.
La première chambre de carter cylindre 2 est agencée au niveau de tout ou partie de la paroi latérale supérieure 17a de chaque cylindre 12, c'est- à-dire au dessus du plan P. Plus précisément, cette première chambre de carter cylindre 2 est définie pour entourer les parois latérales supérieures 17a des cylindres 12, lesquelles parois 17a étant situées pour chaque cylindre 12 au niveau d'une première partie de l'enceinte D de chaque cylindre 12 dite chambre de combustion. The first casing chamber 2 is arranged at all or part of the upper side wall 17a of each cylinder 12, that is to say above the plane P. More precisely, this first casing chamber 2 is defined to surround the upper sidewalls 17a of the cylinders 12, which walls 17a being located for each cylinder 12 at a first portion of the chamber D of each cylinder 12 said combustion chamber.
En effet sur la figure 3, cette première chambre de carter cylindre 2 est située au niveau de la première partie de l'enceinte D formée dans chaque cylindre 12 correspondant au volume compris entre : la paroi latérale supérieure 17a de ce cylindre 12, la tête du piston 19 lorsque celui-ci est en position dite du point mort haut 18a et la culasse 1 1 b fermant le haut du carter cylindre 1 1 a au niveau de la face supérieure C de ce dernier. C'est effectivement dans cette première partie de l'enceinte D que les gaz sont les plus chauds, juste avant que la combustion soit initiée et au moment ou l'énergie des gaz commence à être dégagée. On notera que le volume de cette première partie de l'enceinte D varie selon les caractéristiques du moteur thermique. In fact in FIG. 3, this first casing chamber 2 is situated at the level of the first part of the enclosure D formed in each cylinder 12 corresponding to the volume between: the upper lateral wall 17a of this cylinder 12, the head of the piston 19 when it is in the position of the top dead center 18a and the cylinder head 1 1b closing the top of the cylinder block 1 1a at the upper face C of the latter. It is actually in this first part of the enclosure D that the gases are hottest, just before the combustion is initiated and at the moment when the energy of the gases begins to be released. It will be noted that the volume of this first part of the enclosure D varies according to the characteristics of the heat engine.
La première chambre de carter cylindre 2 présente par exemple une section transversale et parallèle à l'axe A1 de chaque cylindre, ayant les dimensions suivantes : The first cylinder chamber 2 has for example a cross section and parallel to the axis A1 of each cylinder, having the following dimensions:
- une hauteur H1 qui est comprise entre 5 et 20mm, et de préférence 10mm ; a height H1 which is between 5 and 20 mm, and preferably 10 mm;
- une largeur L1 qui est comprise entre 5 et 15 mm, et de préférence 10 mm, et
- une surface (section débitante) qui est comprise entre 25 et 300 mm2, et de préférence 100 mm2. a width L1 which is between 5 and 15 mm, and preferably 10 mm, and a surface (flow section) which is between 25 and 300 mm 2 , and preferably 100 mm 2 .
On notera que la hauteur H1 de la première chambre de carter cylindre 2 correspond sensiblement à la hauteur de la première partie de l'enceinte D c'est-à-dire à celle de la chambre de combustion des cylindres 12. Note that the height H1 of the first cylinder chamber 2 substantially corresponds to the height of the first part of the enclosure D that is to say that of the combustion chamber of the cylinders 12.
Les dimensions de la section transversale de cette première chambre de carter cylindre 2 sont définies pour que le fluide caloporteur circule rapidement dans cette première chambre 2 afin d'assurer un très bon refroidissement au niveau de la partie supérieure A du carter cylindre 1 1 a où il y a une forte sollicitation thermique. En effet, pour un même débit de fluide caloporteur circulant dans les première et deuxième chambres 2, 3 de carter cylindre, plus les dimensions de la section transversale de cette première chambre de carter cylindre 2 sont petites plus la vitesse de circulation du fluide caloporteur est importante ce qui a pour conséquence d'assurer un refroidissement rapide et efficace de la paroi latérale supérieure 17a de chaque cylindre 12 et donc de la partie supérieure A du carter 1 1 a. Par exemple, la première chambre 2 de carter cylindre présente une section transversale dont la surface est sensiblement inférieure à la surface de la section transversale de la deuxième chambre 3 de carter cylindre. The dimensions of the cross section of this first cylinder chamber 2 are defined so that the heat transfer fluid circulates rapidly in the first chamber 2 to ensure a very good cooling at the upper portion of the cylinder housing 1 1 a where there is a strong thermal stress. Indeed, for the same flow of heat transfer fluid flowing in the first and second chambers 2, 3 of the cylinder block, the dimensions of the cross section of the first cylinder chamber 2 are smaller, the flow velocity of the coolant is important which has the effect of ensuring rapid and efficient cooling of the upper side wall 17a of each cylinder 12 and therefore the upper portion of the housing 1 1 a. For example, the first chamber 2 of the crankcase has a cross section whose surface is substantially smaller than the cross-sectional area of the second chamber 3 of the crankcase.
Le deuxième chambre de carter cylindre 3 est agencé au niveau de tout ou partie de la paroi latérale inférieure 17b de chaque cylindre 12, c'est-à- dire en dessous du plan P. Plus précisément, cette deuxième chambre de carter cylindre 3 est définie pour entourer les parois latérales inférieures 17b des cylindres 12, lesquelles parois 17b étant situées au niveau d'une deuxième partie de l'enceinte E de chaque cylindre dans laquelle la tête du piston 19 se déplace sur une distance de course d. Cette distance de course d qui dépend des caractéristiques du moteur et en particulier de la
cylindrée et la puissance de ce dernier, peut être comprise entre 60 et 120 mm, et de préférence 80 mm. The second crank chamber 3 is arranged at all or part of the lower side wall 17b of each cylinder 12, ie below the plane P. More precisely, this second crank chamber 3 is defined to surround the lower sidewalls 17b of the cylinders 12, which walls 17b are located at a second portion of the chamber E of each cylinder in which the piston head 19 moves over a stroke distance d. This stroke distance d which depends on the characteristics of the engine and in particular the displacement and the power of the latter, may be between 60 and 120 mm, and preferably 80 mm.
En particulier, les limites supérieure et inférieure de cette deuxième partie de l'enceinte E dans chaque cylindre 12 sont définies par les positions de la tête du piston 19 notamment lorsque celui-ci est respectivement dans les positions du point mort haut 18a et du point mort bas 18b. Autrement dit, la hauteur de cette enceinte est fonction de la course de la tête du piston 19 dans les cylindres 12. In particular, the upper and lower limits of this second part of the enclosure E in each cylinder 12 are defined by the positions of the piston head 19, especially when it is respectively in the positions of the top dead center 18a and the point low death 18b. In other words, the height of this chamber is a function of the stroke of the piston head 19 in the cylinders 12.
Cette deuxième chambre de carter cylindre 3 présente par exemple une section ayant les dimensions suivantes : This second cylinder chamber 3 has for example a section having the following dimensions:
- une hauteur H2 qui est comprise entre 50 et 100% de la distance d de course de la tête du piston 19, et de préférence 70 % ; a height H2 which is between 50 and 100% of the stroke distance d of the piston head 19, and preferably 70%;
- une largeur L2 qui est comprise entre 8 et 15 mm, et de préférence 10 mm, et a width L 2 which is between 8 and 15 mm, and preferably 10 mm, and
- une surface qui est comprise entre 300 et 1000 mm2, et de préférence 500 mm2. Ainsi, cette deuxième chambre 3 de carter cylindre est apte à contribuer au refroidissement de la partie inférieure B du carter cylindre 1 1 a et en particulier de la paroi latérale inférieure 17b de chaque cylindre 12 située au niveau de la deuxième partie de l'enceinte E du cylindre où la course de la tête du piston 19 est effectuée. On notera que la paroi latérale inférieure 17b de chaque cylindre 12 localisée au niveau de cette deuxième partie de l'enceinte E est celle qui connaît des frottements avec la tête du piston 19 et au niveau de laquelle les gaz engendrent d'importantes sollicitations thermiques. Le carter cylindre 1 1 a, visible sur la figure 1 , est susceptible d'être assemblé avec une culasse 1 1 b de sorte à former un ensemble 1 1 carter
cylindre et culasse visible sur la figure 4. La culasse 1 1 b comprend notamment des organes de distribution (soupapes), d'allumage (bougie) et d'alimentation du moteur thermique. Un joint de culasse 1 1 c assure l'étanchéité entre le carter cylindre 1 1 a et la culasse 1 1 b dans cet ensemble 1 1 carter cylindre et culasse. a surface which is between 300 and 1000 mm 2 , and preferably 500 mm 2 . Thus, this second chamber 3 of the crankcase is able to contribute to the cooling of the lower portion B of the crankcase 11a and in particular the lower side wall 17b of each cylinder 12 located at the second part of the enclosure E of the cylinder where the stroke of the piston head 19 is performed. It will be noted that the lower side wall 17b of each cylinder 12 located at this second part of the enclosure E is the one that experiences friction with the piston head 19 and at which the gases generate significant thermal stresses. The cylinder block 1 1 a, visible in Figure 1, may be assembled with a cylinder head 1 1b so as to form a set 1 1 sump cylinder and cylinder head visible in Figure 4. The cylinder head 1 1b includes distribution (valves), ignition (spark plug) and supply of the engine. A cylinder head gasket 1 1 c seals between the cylinder block 1 1 a and the cylinder head 1 1b in this assembly 1 1 cylinder block and cylinder head.
Les première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 qui entourent les parois latérales 17 des cylindres 12, sont réalisées lors du processus de fabrication du carter cylindre 1 1 a, à partir notamment de procédés de moulage. Les chambres 2 et 3 sont obtenues par moule permanent (métallique) ou par un moule destructible (moule en sable ou en sel résorbable). On notera par exemple que lorsque le carter cylindre 1 1 a est du type « open deck » en anglais ou « à tablature ouverte » comme sur la figure 1 , la première chambre carter cylindre 2 est aménagée au niveau de la face supérieure C de ce carter 1 1 a et est hermétiquement fermée par l'assemblage, au niveau de cette face supérieure C, du joint de culasse 1 1 c et de la culasse 1 1 b sur le carter cylindre 1 1 a. The first and second crankcase chambers 2, 3 which surround the sidewalls 17 of the cylinders 12 are formed during the manufacturing process of the crankcase 11a, in particular from molding processes. The chambers 2 and 3 are obtained by permanent mold (metallic) or by a destructible mold (sand mold or resorbable salt). It will be noted, for example, that when the cylinder block 11a is of the "open deck" type in English or "open tablature" as in FIG. 1, the first cylinder chamber 2 is arranged at the upper face C of this casing 1 1a and is hermetically closed by the assembly, at this upper face C, the cylinder head gasket 1 1 c and the cylinder head 1 1b on the cylinder block 1 1 a.
De manière alternative, on notera que la séparation entre la chambre 2 et la chambre 3 de carter cylindre peut être une pièce rapportée qui est assemblée (insérée) à l'altitude du plan P du carter cylindre 1 1 a. Alternatively, it will be noted that the separation between the chamber 2 and the chamber 3 of the crankcase can be an insert which is assembled (inserted) at the altitude of the plane P of the crankcase 11a.
De telles première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 contribuent à réaliser un refroidissement plus homogène des cylindres, en limitant les déformations au niveau des cylindres. De plus, ces première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 sont indépendantes l'une de l'autre c'est-à-dire qu'elles ne sont pas reliées l'une à l'autre dans le carter cylindre 1 1 a et permettent ainsi d'assurer un refroidissement séparé du carter cylindre 1 1 a. De plus ces première et deuxième chambres 2, 3 de carter cylindre sont configurées pour réaliser une circulation différente du fluide caloporteur dans les parties
correspondantes A, B du carter cylindre 1 1 a du moteur. Ainsi ces première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 constituent un refroidissement à double étage du carter cylindre 1 1 a. Ce carter cylindre 1 1 a fait partie d'un système de refroidissement d'un moteur thermique comprenant l'ensemble 1 1 carter cylindre et culasse. Such first and second cylinder chamber 2, 3 contribute to achieve a more homogeneous cooling of the cylinders, limiting deformation at the cylinders. In addition, these first and second crankcase chambers 2, 3 are independent of one another, that is to say that they are not connected to one another in the crankcase 1 1 a and thus make it possible to ensure a separate cooling of the cylinder block 1 1 a. In addition these first and second chambers 2, 3 of the cylinder block are configured to achieve a different circulation of the coolant in the parts corresponding A, B of the crankcase 1 1a of the engine. Thus, these first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 constitute a double-stage cooling of the cylinder housing 11a. This cylinder block 1 1 has been part of a cooling system of a heat engine comprising the assembly 1 1 cylinder block and cylinder head.
Sur la figure 4, ce système de refroidissement 1 comprend un circuit de refroidissement, en circuit fermé, apte à assurer la circulation du fluide caloporteur dans le moteur. Ce fluide caloporteur est choisi parmi des fluides présentant des propriétés physico-chimiques optimales, notamment au niveau de la viscosité, de la capacité thermique volumique, de la conductivité thermique et des propriétés anticorrosives. Un tel fluide caloporteur peut être par exemple de l'eau ou encore un mélange d'eau et d'éthylène glycol. In FIG. 4, this cooling system 1 comprises a cooling circuit, in a closed circuit, capable of ensuring the circulation of the coolant in the engine. This coolant is selected from fluids having optimum physicochemical properties, especially in terms of viscosity, heat capacity, thermal conductivity and anticorrosive properties. Such heat transfer fluid may be for example water or a mixture of water and ethylene glycol.
Le système de refroidissement 1 comprend de manière non limitative et non exhaustive, les composants suivants qui sont reliés entre eux par des portions du dit circuit de refroidissement : The cooling system 1 comprises in a nonlimiting and non-exhaustive manner, the following components which are interconnected by portions of said cooling circuit:
- le carter cylindre 1 1 a pourvu des première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 ; the cylinder block 1 1 provided with the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3;
- la culasse 1 1 b; - the cylinder head 1 1 b;
- une pompe de circulation 6 du fluide caloporteur ; - A circulation pump 6 of the heat transfer fluid;
- un échangeur de chaleur 9, notamment un radiateur ; a heat exchanger 9, in particular a radiator;
- un élément de fermeture/ouverture 7 de flux de fluide caloporteur, et a closure / opening element 7 of heat transfer fluid flow, and
- un boîtier de sortie 8 de fluide caloporteur. an outlet housing 8 for heat transfer fluid.
La culasse 1 1 b de ce système de refroidissement 1 comprend au moins une chambre de culasse 4, 5 qui est susceptible d'entourer des sommets de chacun des cylindres 12 du moteur. Cette culasse 1 1 b peut
comprendre une seule chambre de culasse 4 ou encore des première et deuxième chambres de culasse 4, 5. The cylinder head 1 1 b of this cooling system 1 comprises at least one cylinder chamber 4, 5 which is capable of surrounding peaks of each of the cylinders 12 of the engine. This cylinder head 1 1 b can comprise a single breech chamber 4 or first and second breech chambers 4, 5.
Dans ce système de refroidissement 1 , la pompe de circulation 6 de fluide et le boîtier de sortie 8 de fluide sont respectivement agencés en amont et en aval du moteur thermique. In this cooling system 1, the fluid circulation pump 6 and the fluid outlet box 8 are respectively arranged upstream and downstream of the heat engine.
La pompe de circulation 6 de fluide peut être par exemple une pompe centrifuge dont une particularité réside dans le fait qu'elle est apte à tourner dans un circuit fermé sans générer du débit. Elle est reliée aux différentes chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et de culasse 4, 5 du système de refroidissement 1 par des canalisations de sortie 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d. The fluid circulation pump 6 may for example be a centrifugal pump, a particularity of which lies in the fact that it is able to rotate in a closed circuit without generating flow. It is connected to the various cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and cylinder head 4, 5 of the cooling system 1 by outlet pipes 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d.
De manière alternative, le système 1 peut comprendre plusieurs pompes de circulation de fluide, par exemple une première pompe pour les chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et une deuxième pompe pour le ou les chambres de culasse 4, 5, ou encore une pompe pour chacune des chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et de culasse 4, 5. Le boîtier de sortie 8 de fluide est relié en amont aux différentes chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et de culasse 4, 5, et en aval à l'échangeur de chaleur 9. Plus précisément, le boîtier de sortie 8 de fluide comprend en amont des canalisations d'entrée 21 a, 21 b, 21 c, 21 d séparées et connectées aux chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et de culasse 4, 5. Ce boîtier de sortie 8 est apte à faire converger le fluide caloporteur résultant de ces chambres 2, 3, 4, 5 vers l'échangeur de chaleur 9 au travers d'une canalisation de sortie 22 la reliant à ce dernier. Alternatively, the system 1 may comprise several fluid circulation pumps, for example a first pump for the cylinder block chambers 2, 3 and a second pump for the cylinder head chamber or chambers 4, 5, or a pump for each of the cylinder chamber 2, 3 and cylinder head chambers 4, 5. The fluid outlet housing 8 is connected upstream to the various cylinder housing chambers 2, 3 and cylinder head 4, 5, and downstream to the exchanger 9. More specifically, the fluid outlet housing 8 comprises upstream of the inlet ducts 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d separated and connected to the cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and cylinder head 4, 5 This outlet housing 8 is adapted to converge the heat transfer fluid resulting from these chambers 2, 3, 4, 5 towards the heat exchanger 9 through an outlet pipe 22 connecting it to the latter.
Ce boîtier de sortie 8 de fluide comprend des vannes 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, notamment des électrovannes ou encore des vannes thermostatiques qui sont susceptibles d'être activées/désactivées en fonction de la
température du fluide caloporteur provenant des chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et de culasse 4, 5. En particulier, ces vannes 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d peuvent être agencées sur chacune des canalisations d'entrée 21 a, 21 b, 21 c, 21d du boîtier de sortie 8 de fluide. Ainsi, le boîtier de sortie 8 de fluide peut ainsi à partir de ses vannes 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d réguler la température du fluide caloporteur du système de refroidissement 1 . This fluid outlet box 8 comprises valves 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, in particular solenoid valves or thermostatic valves which can be activated / deactivated depending on the temperature of the coolant from the chambers of crankcase 2, 3 and cylinder head 4, 5. In particular, these valves 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d can be arranged on each of the inlet pipes 21a, 21b, 21c , 21d of the fluid outlet box 8. Thus, the fluid outlet box 8 can thus from its valves 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d regulate the temperature of the heat transfer fluid of the cooling system 1.
Par ailleurs, le système de refroidissement 1 comprend également l'élément de fermeture/ouverture 7 du flux de fluide caloporteur correspondant par exemple à des électrovannes ou encore des vannes thermostatiques. Cet élément de fermeture/ouverture 7 est agencé au niveau de la deuxième chambre 3 de carter cylindre en amont du moteur, c'est-à-dire entre la pompe de circulation 6 de fluide et l'ensemble 1 1 carter cylindre et culasse, ou en aval de cet ensemble 1 1 , notamment entre cet ensemble 1 1 et le boîtier de sortie 8 de fluide. De préférence, cet élément de fermeture/ouverture 7 de flux de fluide caloporteur est agencé en amont de l'ensemble 1 1 car lorsqu'il est en aval de ce dernier, il peut y avoir des micromouvements parasites du fluide caloporteur compris dans le deuxième chambre carter cylindre 3 résultant du fait que la pompe 6 tourne sur elle même et brasse le fluide caloporteur qui va alors contribuer à assurer un refroidissement parasite. Furthermore, the cooling system 1 also comprises the closure / opening element 7 of the coolant flow corresponding for example to solenoid valves or thermostatic valves. This closing / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second chamber 3 of the cylinder block upstream of the engine, that is to say between the fluid circulation pump 6 and the assembly 1 1 cylinder block and cylinder head, or downstream of this assembly January 1, especially between this set January 1 and the outlet housing 8 of fluid. Preferably, this closing element / opening 7 of heat transfer fluid flow is arranged upstream of the assembly 1 1 because when it is downstream of the latter, there may be spurious micromouvements of the heat transfer fluid included in the second cylinder chamber 3 resulting from the fact that the pump 6 turns on itself and brews the heat transfer fluid which will then contribute to ensure parasitic cooling.
Sur les figures 5A à 8B, huit variantes du système de refroidissement 1 sont représentées schématiquement comprenant le carter cylindre 1 1 a pourvu des chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3, la culasse 1 1 b comprenant le ou les chambres de culasse 4, 5, la pompe de circulation 6 de fluide, le boîtier de sortie 8 de fluide et l'échangeur de chaleur 9. In FIGS. 5A to 8B, eight variants of the cooling system 1 are shown diagrammatically, comprising the cylinder block 1 1 provided with the cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3, the cylinder head 1 1b including the cylinder head chamber or chambers 4, 5, the fluid circulation pump 6, the fluid outlet box 8 and the heat exchanger 9.
Les première et deuxième variantes du système de refroidissement 1 sont illustrées respectivement sur les figures 5A et 5B. Ces variantes du système de refroidissement 1 comprennent le carter cylindre 1 1 a pourvu
des première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et la culasse 1 1 b comprenant une seule chambre de culasse 4. Dans ces variantes, ces chambres 2, 3, 4 sont indépendantes les unes des autres dans l'ensemble 1 1 carter cylindre et culasse. The first and second variants of the cooling system 1 are illustrated respectively in FIGS. 5A and 5B. These variants of the cooling system 1 comprise the cylinder block 1 1 provided with first and second cylinder chamber 2, 3 and the cylinder head 1 1b comprising a single cylinder chamber 4. In these variants, these chambers 2, 3, 4 are independent of each other in the assembly 1 1 cylinder block and breech.
Les première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et la chambre de culasse 4 sont alimentées en fluide caloporteur par la pompe de circulation 6 qui est reliée à chacune d'entre elles par les portions du circuit de refroidissement formant les première, deuxième et troisième canalisations de sortie 20a, 20b, 20c de la pompe 6. Plus précisément, les première, deuxième et troisième canalisations de sortie 20a, 20b, 20c de la pompe 6 sont respectivement reliées aux première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et à la chambre de culasse 4. Le fluide caloporteur provenant de ces première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et de la chambre de culasse 4 est évacué vers le boîtier de sortie 8 de fluide à partir des portions du circuit de refroidissement formant les première, deuxième et troisième canalisations d'entrée 21 a, 21 b, 21 c du boîtier de sortie 8. En particulier, les première, deuxième et troisième canalisations d'entrée 21 a, 21 b, 21 c du boîtier de sortie 8 sont respectivement reliées aux première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et à la chambre de culasse 4. Dans ce boîtier de sortie 8 chaque canalisation d'entrée 21 a, 21 b, 21 c est pourvue de la vanne 10a, 10b, 10c. The first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder chamber 4 are supplied with heat transfer fluid by the circulation pump 6 which is connected to each of them by the portions of the cooling circuit forming the first, second and third outlet ducts 20a, 20b, 20c of the pump 6. More specifically, the first, second and third outlet ducts 20a, 20b, 20c of the pump 6 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and to the breech chamber 4. The heat transfer fluid from these first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder chamber 4 is discharged to the fluid outlet housing 8 from the portions of the cooling circuit forming the first, second and third inlet ducts 21a, 21b, 21c of the outlet housing 8. In particular, the first, second and third inlet ducts 21 a, 21 b, 21 c of the output housing 8 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and to the breech chamber 4. In this outlet housing 8 each inlet pipe 21 a, 21 b 21c is provided with the valve 10a, 10b, 10c.
Dans la première variante du système de refroidissement 1 illustrée sur la figure 5A, l'élément de fermeture/ouverture 7 est agencé au niveau de la deuxième canalisation de sortie 20b de la pompe de circulation 6 du fluide. Dans la deuxième variante du système de refroidissement 1 illustrée sur la figure 5B, l'élément de fermeture/ouverture 7 est agencé
au niveau de la deuxième canalisation d'entrée 21 b de la boîte de sortie 8 de fluide. In the first variant of the cooling system 1 illustrated in FIG. 5A, the closing / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second outlet pipe 20b of the circulation pump 6 of the fluid. In the second variant of the cooling system 1 illustrated in FIG. 5B, the closing / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second inlet pipe 21b of the fluid outlet box 8.
Les troisième et quatrième variantes du système de refroidissement 1 sont illustrées respectivement sur les figures 6A et 6B. Ces variantes du système de refroidissement 1 comprennent le carter cylindre 1 1 a pourvu des première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et la culasse 1 1 b comprenant une seule chambre de culasse 4. Dans ces variantes, la première chambre de carter cylindre 2 est reliée à la chambre de culasse 4 par au moins un canal 23a, 23b, ici deux canaux qui traversent le joint de culasse 1 1 c. The third and fourth variants of the cooling system 1 are illustrated respectively in FIGS. 6A and 6B. These variants of the cooling system 1 comprise the cylinder block January 1 provided with the first and second cylinder chamber 2, 3 and the cylinder head 1 1b comprising a single cylinder head chamber 4. In these variants, the first cylinder block chamber 2 is connected to the breech chamber 4 by at least one channel 23a, 23b, here two channels which pass through the cylinder head gasket 1 1c.
Les première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 sont alimentées en fluide caloporteur par la pompe de circulation 6 qui est reliée à chacune d'entre elles par les portions du circuit de refroidissement formant respectivement les première et deuxième canalisations de sortie 20a, 20b de la pompe 6. Plus précisément, les première et deuxième canalisations de sortie de la pompe 6 sont respectivement reliées aux première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3. De manière alternative, une portion du circuit de refroidissement, en pointillés sur les figures 6A et 6B, formant une troisième canalisation de sortie 20c, peut relier la pompe de circulation 6 à la chambre de culasse 4. Le fluide caloporteur provenant de ces première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et de la chambre de culasse 4 est évacué vers le boîtier de sortie 8 de fluide à partir des portions du circuit de refroidissement formant les première et deuxième canalisations d'entrée 21 a, 21 b du boîtier de sortie 8. En particulier, les première, et deuxième canalisations d'entrée 21 a, 21 b du boîtier de sortie 8 sont respectivement reliées aux première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3. Dans
ce boîtier de sortie 8 chaque canalisation d'entrée 21 a, 21 b est pourvue de la vanne 10a, 10b. The first and second casing chamber 2, 3 are supplied with heat transfer fluid by the circulation pump 6 which is connected to each of them by the portions of the cooling circuit forming respectively the first and second outlet ducts 20a, 20b of the pump 6. More specifically, the first and second outlet ducts of the pump 6 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3. Alternatively, a portion of the cooling circuit, in dotted lines in the figures 6A and 6B, forming a third outlet pipe 20c, can connect the circulation pump 6 to the yoke chamber 4. The heat transfer fluid from these first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder chamber 4 is evacuated to the outlet housing 8 of fluid from the portions of the cooling circuit forming the first and second pipes of ent 21a, 21b of the output housing 8. In particular, the first and second inlet ducts 21a, 21b of the outlet housing 8 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3. this outlet housing 8 each inlet pipe 21a, 21b is provided with the valve 10a, 10b.
De manière alternative, une portion du circuit de refroidissement, en pointillés sur les figures 6A et 6B, formant une troisième canalisation d'entrée 21 c peut relier la chambre de culasse 4 : Alternatively, a portion of the cooling circuit, in dashed lines in FIGS. 6A and 6B, forming a third inlet duct 21c can connect the breech chamber 4:
- au boîtier de sortie 8, dans ce cas le boîtier de sortie 8 comprend la vanne 10c qui est agencée sur cette troisième canalisation d'entrée 21 c du boîtier 8, et/ou to the output box 8, in this case the output box 8 comprises the valve 10c which is arranged on this third inlet pipe 21c of the housing 8, and / or
- à la première canalisation d'entrée 21 a reliant la première chambre de carter cylindre 2 au boîtier de sortie 8. at the first inlet duct 21 a linking the first casing chamber 2 to the outlet casing 8.
Dans la troisième variante du système de refroidissement 1 illustrée sur la figure 6A, l'élément de fermeture/ouverture 7 est agencé au niveau de la deuxième canalisation de sortie 20b de la pompe de circulation 6 du fluide. Dans la quatrième variante du système de refroidissement 1 illustrée sur la figure 6B, l'élément de fermeture/ouverture 7 est agencé au niveau de la deuxième canalisation d'entrée 21 b de la boîte de sortie 8 de fluide. In the third variant of the cooling system 1 illustrated in FIG. 6A, the closure / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second outlet pipe 20b of the circulation pump 6 of the fluid. In the fourth variant of the cooling system 1 illustrated in FIG. 6B, the closing / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second inlet pipe 21b of the fluid outlet box 8.
Les cinquième et sixième variantes du système de refroidissement 1 sont illustrées respectivement sur les figures 7A et 7B. Ces variantes du système de refroidissement 1 comprennent le carter cylindre 1 1 a pourvu des première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et la culasse 1 1 b comprenant les première et deuxième chambres de culasse 4, 5. Ces chambres 2, 3, 4, 5 sont indépendantes et séparées les unes des autres dans l'ensemble 1 1 carter cylindre et culasse. The fifth and sixth variants of the cooling system 1 are illustrated respectively in Figs. 7A and 7B. These variants of the cooling system 1 comprise the cylinder block 1 1 has the first and second cylinder chamber 2, 3 and the cylinder head 1 1b comprising the first and second cylinder chamber 4, 5. These chambers 2, 3, 4, 5 are independent and separated from each other in the assembly 1 1 cylinder block and cylinder head.
Les première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et les première et deuxième chambres de culasse 4, 5 sont alimentées en fluide caloporteur par la pompe de circulation 6 qui est reliée à chacune d'entre
elles par les portions du circuit de refroidissement formant les première, deuxième, troisième et quatrième canalisations de sortie 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d de la pompe 6. Plus précisément, les première et deuxième canalisations de sortie 20a, 20b de la pompe 6 sont respectivement reliées aux première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et les troisième et quatrième canalisations de sortie 20c, 20d aux première et deuxième chambres de culasse 4, 5. The first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3 and the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5 are supplied with heat transfer fluid by the circulation pump 6 which is connected to each of they by the portions of the cooling circuit forming the first, second, third and fourth outlet pipes 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d of the pump 6. More specifically, the first and second outlet pipes 20a, 20b of the pump 6 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3 and the third and fourth outlet pipes 20c, 20d to the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5.
Le fluide caloporteur provenant de ces première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et des première et deuxième chambres de culasse 4, 5, est évacué vers le boîtier de sortie 8 de fluide à partir des portions du circuit de refroidissement formant les première, deuxième, troisième et quatrième canalisations d'entrée 21 a, 21 b, 21 c, 21 d du boîtier de sortie 8. En particulier, les première et deuxième canalisations d'entrée 21 a, 21 b du boîtier de sortie 8 sont respectivement reliées aux première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et les troisième et quatrième canalisations d'entrée 21 c, 21 d aux première et deuxième chambres de culasse 4, 5. Dans ce boîtier de sortie 8 chaque canalisation d'entrée 21 a, 21 b, 21 c, 21 d est pourvue de la vanne 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d. The heat transfer fluid from these first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5, is discharged to the fluid outlet box 8 from the portions of the cooling circuit forming the first, second, third and fourth inlet ducts 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d of the outlet casing 8. In particular, the first and second inlet ducts 21a, 21b of the outlet casing 8 are respectively connected at the first and second casing chamber 2, 3 and the third and fourth inlet ducts 21c, 21d to the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5. In this outlet housing 8 each inlet duct 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d is provided with the valve 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d.
Dans la cinquième variante du système de refroidissement 1 illustrée sur la figure 7A, l'élément de fermeture/ouverture 7 est agencé au niveau de la deuxième canalisation de sortie 20b de la pompe de circulation 6 du fluide. Dans la sixième variante du système de refroidissement 1 illustrée sur la figure 7B, l'élément de fermeture/ouverture 7 est agencé au niveau de la deuxième canalisation d'entrée 21 b de la boîte de sortie 8 de fluide. In the fifth variant of the cooling system 1 illustrated in FIG. 7A, the closure / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second outlet pipe 20b of the circulation pump 6 of the fluid. In the sixth variant of the cooling system 1 illustrated in FIG. 7B, the closing / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second inlet pipe 21b of the fluid outlet box 8.
Les septième et huitième variantes du système de refroidissement 1 sont illustrées respectivement sur les figures 8A et 8B. Ces variantes du système de refroidissement 1 comprennent le carter cylindre 1 1 a comprenant les première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et
la culasse 1 1 b pourvue des première et deuxième chambres de culasse 4, 5. Dans ces variantes, les première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 sont respectivement reliées aux première et deuxième chambres de culasse 4, 5, par au moins un canal 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, ici quatre canaux qui traversent le joint de culasse 1 1 c. The seventh and eighth variants of the cooling system 1 are illustrated respectively in FIGS. 8A and 8B. These variants of the cooling system 1 comprise the crankcase 11a having the first and second crankcase chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder head 1 1b provided with the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5. In these variants, the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder chamber 4, 5, by at least one channel 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, here four channels passing through the cylinder head gasket 1 1 c.
Les première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 sont alimentées en fluide caloporteur par la pompe de circulation 6 qui est reliée à chacune d'entre elles par les portions du circuit de refroidissement formant respectivement les première et deuxième canalisations de sortie 20a, 20b de la pompe 6. Plus précisément, les première et deuxième canalisations de sortie 20a, 20b de la pompe 6 sont respectivement reliées aux première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3. De manière alternative, des portions du circuit de refroidissement, en pointillés sur les figures 8A et 8B, formant des troisième et quatrième canalisations de sortie 20c, 20d, peuvent relier la pompe de circulation 6 respectivement aux première et deuxième chambres de culasse 4, 5. Le fluide caloporteur provenant de ces première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et des première et deuxième chambres de culasse 4, 5, est évacué vers le boîtier de sortie 8 de fluide à partir des portions du circuit de refroidissement formant les première et deuxième canalisations d'entrée 21 a, 21 b du boîtier de sortie 8. En particulier, les première, et deuxième canalisations d'entrée 21 a, 21 b du boîtier de sortie 8 sont respectivement reliées aux première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3. Dans ce boîtier de sortie 8 chaque canalisation d'entrée 21 a, 21 b est pourvue de la vanne 10a, 10b. De manière alternative, des portions du circuit de refroidissement, en pointillés sur les figures 8A et 8B, formant une troisième et quatrième
canalisation d'entrée 21 c, 21 d peuvent relier respectivement les première et deuxième chambres de culasse 4, 5 : The first and second casing chamber 2, 3 are supplied with heat transfer fluid by the circulation pump 6 which is connected to each of them by the portions of the cooling circuit forming respectively the first and second outlet ducts 20a, 20b of the pump 6. More specifically, the first and second outlet pipes 20a, 20b of the pump 6 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3. Alternatively, portions of the cooling circuit, in dotted lines FIGS. 8A and 8B, forming third and fourth outlet ducts 20c, 20d, can connect the circulation pump 6 respectively to the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5. The heat transfer fluid from these first and second casing chambers cylinder 2, 3 and first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5, is discharged to the outlet housing 8 fluid to party r portions of the cooling circuit forming the first and second inlet ducts 21a, 21b of the outlet housing 8. In particular, the first and second inlet ducts 21a, 21b of the outlet housing 8 are respectively connected to the first and second crankcase chambers 2, 3. In this outlet housing 8 each inlet pipe 21a, 21b is provided with the valve 10a, 10b. Alternatively, portions of the cooling circuit, dashed in FIGS. 8A and 8B, forming a third and fourth input duct 21c, 21d can connect the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5 respectively:
- au boîtier de sortie 8, dans ce cas le boîtier de sortie 8 comprend la vanne 10c, 10d qui est agencée sur chacune des troisième et quatrième canalisations d'entrée 21 c, 21 d du boîtier 8, et/ou to the output housing 8, in this case the output housing 8 comprises the valve 10c, 10d which is arranged on each of the third and fourth inlet ducts 21c, 21d of the housing 8, and / or
- aux première et deuxième canalisations d'entrée 21 a, 21 b reliant respectivement les première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 au boîtier de sortie 8. Dans la septième variante du système de refroidissement 1 illustrée sur la figure 8A, l'élément de fermeture/ouverture 7 est agencé au niveau de la deuxième canalisation de sortie 20b de la pompe de circulation 6 du fluide. Dans la huitième variante du système de refroidissement 1 illustrée sur la figure 8B, l'élément de fermeture/ouverture 7 est agencé au niveau de la deuxième canalisation d'entrée 21 b de la boîte de sortie 8 de fluide. the first and second inlet ducts 21a, 21b respectively connecting the first and second casing chambers 2, 3 to the outlet casing 8. In the seventh variant of the cooling system 1 illustrated in FIG. 8A, closure / opening member 7 is arranged at the second outlet pipe 20b of the circulation pump 6 of the fluid. In the eighth variant of the cooling system 1 illustrated in FIG. 8B, the closure / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second inlet pipe 21b of the fluid outlet box 8.
On notera que dans d'autres variantes (non représentées) du système de refroidissement 1 comprenant un carter cylindre 1 1 a pourvu des première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et la culasse 1 1 b comprenant les première et deuxième chambres de culasse 4, 5, seul la première chambre de carter cylindre 2 est reliée à la première chambre de culasse 4 par au moins un canal 23a, 23b qui traverse le joint de culasse 1 1 c. Le système de refroidissement 1 est apte à mettre en œuvre un procédé de refroidissement du moteur. It will be noted that in other variants (not shown) of the cooling system 1 comprising a cylinder block January 1 provided with the first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder head January 1 comprising the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5, only the first cylinder chamber 2 is connected to the first cylinder chamber 4 by at least one channel 23a, 23b which passes through the cylinder head gasket 1 1c. The cooling system 1 is able to implement a method of cooling the engine.
Sur la figure 9 est illustré ce procédé de refroidissement qui comprend une étape de mise en circulation 24 du fluide caloporteur dans le circuit de refroidissement du système de refroidissement 1 du moteur. Cette étape est réalisée par la pompe de circulation du fluide 6.
Ce fluide caloporteur est mis en circulation dans ce circuit et donc dans les différents chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et de culasse 4, 5 selon un débit de circulation configurable qui est défini par la pompe 6. Cette étape de mise en circulation 24 comprend une sous-étape de configuration du débit de circulation du fluide dans le circuit de refroidissement et en particulier dans les premier et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et de culasse 4, 5. Une telle sous-étape permet de gérer de manière optimale la thermique des cylindres 12 du moteur. FIG. 9 illustrates this cooling process, which comprises a step 24 for circulating the coolant in the cooling circuit of the cooling system 1 of the engine. This step is performed by the fluid circulation pump 6. This heat transfer fluid is circulated in this circuit and therefore in the different cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and cylinder head 4, 5 according to a configurable flow rate which is defined by the pump 6. This circulation step 24 comprises a substep of configuration of the flow rate of the fluid in the cooling circuit and in particular in the first and second cylinder chamber 2, 3 and cylinder head chambers 4, 5. Such a sub-step optimally manages the thermal cylinders 12 of the engine.
Le procédé prévoit une étape de gestion 25 différente de la circulation du fluide dans les chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3. Cette gestion différente résulte notamment de la configuration particulière et distincte des première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3, plus précisément des dimensions différentes que présente leur section transversale. Ainsi cette gestion différente permet de réaliser un refroidissement distinct au niveau des parties supérieure A et inférieure B du carter 1 1 a, où ces deux chambres 2, 3 sont respectivement agencées. En effet, le fluide en circulant dans la première chambre de carter cylindre 2 est apte à évacuer plus de calories que lorsqu'il circule dans la deuxième chambre de carter cylindre 3 notamment du fait que le fluide circule plus rapidement dans la première chambre 2 que dans la deuxième 3. The method provides a step of management different from the circulation of the fluid in the crankcase chambers 2, 3. This different management results in particular from the particular and distinct configuration of the first and second crankcase chambers 2, 3, more precisely the different dimensions than their cross section. Thus, this different management makes it possible to achieve separate cooling at the upper parts A and lower B of the casing January 1, where these two chambers 2, 3 are respectively arranged. Indeed, the fluid circulating in the first cylinder chamber 2 is able to evacuate more calories than when it circulates in the second cylinder chamber 3 in particular because the fluid flows faster in the first chamber 2 that in the second 3.
De plus, cette étape de gestion 25 comprend une sous étape de contrôle de la circulation du fluide caloporteur dans le deuxième chambre de carter cylindre 3. Cette sous-étape de contrôle de la circulation du fluide est réalisée par l'élément de fermeture/ouverture 7 qui est apte à autoriser/interdire la circulation de ce fluide dans le deuxième chambre 3. Un tel contrôle du passage du fluide caloporteur permet d'activer/désactiver le refroidissement de la partie inférieure B du carter et
plus précisément des parois latérales inférieures 17b des cylindres 12 de ce carter 1 1 a. In addition, this management step 25 comprises a substep of control of the circulation of the coolant in the second cylinder chamber 3. This substep of fluid flow control is performed by the closure element / opening 7 which is able to allow / prohibit the circulation of this fluid in the second chamber 3. Such a control of the heat transfer fluid passage allows to enable / disable the cooling of the lower portion B of the housing and more precisely lower side walls 17b of the cylinders 12 of this housing 1 1 a.
Une telle sous étape de contrôle de la circulation du fluide contribue à favoriser la montée rapide en température des cylindres 12 du carter 1 1 a par temps froid au démarrage du véhicule. Plus précisément, l'élément de fermeture/ouverture 7 est susceptible d'être contrôlé pour interdire la circulation du fluide caloporteur dans la deuxième chambre de carter cylindre 3, ce qui a pour effet d'arrêter le refroidissement de la partie inférieure B du carter 1 1 a. Effectivement, plus la température des cylindres 12 augmente rapidement, plus l'huile dans le carter va chauffer et sa viscosité diminuer, entraînant alors une réduction des frottements, notamment entre la tête du piston 19 et la chemise de chacun des cylindres 12. Ainsi, avec des frottements réduits au démarrage à froid du moteur thermique ce dernier va utiliser moins d'énergie pour ses mouvements. Le rendement du moteur s'en trouve augmenté et sa consommation et ses rejets de CO2, diminués. Such a sub-step of controlling the circulation of the fluid contributes to promoting the rapid rise in temperature of the cylinders 12 of the casing January 1 in cold weather at the start of the vehicle. More specifically, the closing / opening element 7 can be controlled to prevent the circulation of heat transfer fluid in the second cylinder chamber 3, which has the effect of stopping the cooling of the lower portion B of the housing 1 1 a. Indeed, the higher the temperature of the cylinders 12 increases, the more the oil in the crankcase will heat and its viscosity decrease, resulting in a reduction of friction, especially between the piston head 19 and the jacket of each of the cylinders 12. Thus, with reduced friction at cold start of the engine it will use less energy for its movements. The efficiency of the engine is increased and its consumption and its CO2 emissions, decreased.
Dès lors que la température du fluide caloporteur dans la deuxième chambre de carter cylindre 3 a atteint un seuil de température, l'élément de fermeture/ouverture 7 est alors contrôlé pour autoriser la circulation du fluide dans cette deuxième chambre 3 de carter cylindre. Ce seuil de température peut être compris entre 70 et 1 10°C, et est de préférence 90°C. As soon as the temperature of the coolant in the second crankcase chamber 3 has reached a temperature threshold, the closure / opening element 7 is then controlled to allow the circulation of the fluid in the second crankcase chamber 3. This temperature threshold may be between 70 and 110 ° C, and is preferably 90 ° C.
On notera que dans la première chambre de carter cylindre 2, le fluide caloporteur circule en permanence pour assurer la fiabilité des hauts de cylindres 12, et des segments d'étanchéité 28a à 28c de sorte à éviter notamment le gommage de ces segments 28a à 28c.
L'étape de gestion 25 permet également de limiter l'amplitude d'écart de température entre les parois supérieure 17a et inférieure 17b de chaque cylindre 12 du carter. Ainsi les première et deuxième chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 peuvent être gérées indépendamment de sorte à permettre un refroidissement différent des parties supérieure A et inférieure B du carter cylindre 1 1 a selon différentes configurations. It will be noted that in the first cylinder chamber 2, the heat transfer fluid circulates continuously to ensure the reliability of the cylinder tops 12, and sealing segments 28a to 28c so as to avoid in particular the scrubbing of these segments 28a to 28c . The management step 25 also limits the temperature difference amplitude between the upper 17a and lower 17b walls of each cylinder 12 of the housing. Thus, the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 can be managed independently so as to allow different cooling of the upper parts A and lower B of the cylinder block January 1 in different configurations.
Le procédé prévoit ensuite une étape d'évacuation 26 du fluide caloporteur des chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et de culasse 4, 5 vers le boîtier de sortie 8. Ce boîtier de sortie 8 comprend les vannes 10a à 10d qui sont aptes en fonction d'une température de référence à autoriser la circulation du fluide provenant de chacun de ces chambres 2, 3, 4, 5 vers l'échangeur de chaleur 9. Lors d'une étape de refroidissement 27, l'échangeur de chaleur 9 réalise le refroidissement du fluide caloporteur qui a été chauffé en circulant dans les chambres de carter cylindre 2, 3 et de culasse 4, 5. Le fluide caloporteur refroidi est alors mis en circulation par la pompe 6 dans le circuit du système de refroidissement 1 . The method then provides a step 26 for evacuating the heat transfer fluid from the cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder head 4, 5 to the outlet housing 8. This outlet housing 8 comprises the valves 10a to 10d which are capable of a reference temperature to allow the flow of fluid from each of these chambers 2, 3, 4, 5 to the heat exchanger 9. During a cooling step 27, the heat exchanger 9 performs the cooling of the heat transfer fluid which has been heated by circulating in the cylinder chamber 2, 3 and cylinder head chambers 4, 5. The cooled coolant is then circulated by the pump 6 in the circuit of the cooling system 1.
La présente invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation qui a été explicitement décrit, mais elle en inclut les diverses variantes et généralisations contenues dans le domaine des revendications ci-après.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment which has been explicitly described, but it includes the various variants and generalizations thereof within the scope of the claims below.
Claims
1 . Carter cylindre (1 1 a) d'un moteur thermique, notamment pour véhicule automobile, comprenant des cylindres (12) et une première chambre (2) et une deuxième chambre (3) de carter cylindre configurées de sorte à permettre l'échange de chaleur entre les cylindres (12) et un fluide caloporteur, la première chambre (2) et la deuxième chambre (3) de carter cylindre se trouvant de part et d'autre d'un plan (P) perpendiculaire aux axes (A1 ) des cylindres (12). 1. Cylinder casing (1 1 a) of a heat engine, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising cylinders (12) and a first chamber (2) and a second chamber (3) of a cylinder block configured so as to allow the exchange of heat between the cylinders (12) and a heat transfer fluid, the first chamber (2) and the second chamber (3) of the cylinder block being on either side of a plane (P) perpendicular to the axes (A1) of cylinders (12).
2. Carter cylindre (1 1 a) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le plan (P) est défini par la position des segments d'étanchéité (28a, 28b, 28c) de la tête d'un piston (19), notamment du premier segment (28a), lorsque le piston est en position dite de point mort haut (18a). 2. Crankcase (1 1 a) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the plane (P) is defined by the position of the sealing rings (28a, 28b, 28c) of the head of a piston (19) , in particular of the first segment (28a), when the piston is in the so-called top dead center (18a) position.
3. Carter cylindre (1 1 a) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que : 3. Crankcase (1 1 a) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that:
- les première et deuxième chambres (2, 3) de carter cylindre sont aptes à entourer tout ou partie d'une paroi latérale (17) de chaque cylindre (12), et/ou the first and second chambers (2, 3) of the cylinder block are able to surround all or part of a side wall (17) of each cylinder (12), and / or
- la première chambre (2) de carter cylindre est agencée au niveau de tout ou partie d'une paroi latérale supérieure (17a) de chaque cylindre (12), notamment au niveau d'une première partie d'une enceinte (D) de chaque cylindre (12) formant une chambre de combustion lorsqu'un piston est en position dite de point mort haut (18a) dans chaque cylindre (12), et/ou the first casing chamber (2) is arranged at the level of all or part of an upper lateral wall (17a) of each cylinder (12), in particular at a first part of a chamber (D) of each cylinder (12) forming a combustion chamber when a piston is in the so-called top dead center (18a) position in each cylinder (12), and / or
- la deuxième chambre (3) de carter cylindre est agencée au niveau de tout ou partie d'une paroi latérale inférieure (17b) de chaque cylindre (12), notamment au niveau d'une deuxième partie d'une enceinte (E) de chaque cylindre (12) dans laquelle une tête de
piston (19) se déplace sur une distance de course (d), et/ou the second casing chamber (3) is arranged at the level of all or part of a lower side wall (17b) of each cylinder (12), in particular at a second portion of an enclosure (E) of each cylinder (12) in which a head of piston (19) moves over a stroke distance (d), and / or
- la première chambre (2) de carter cylindre présente une section transversale dont la surface est sensiblement inférieure à une surface d'une section transversale de la deuxième chambre (3) de carter cylindre, ces sections transversales étant parallèles à l'axe the first casing chamber (2) has a cross-section whose surface is substantially smaller than a surface of a cross-section of the second casing chamber (3), these transverse sections being parallel to the axis;
(A1 ) de chaque cylindre (12) du carter (1 1 a). (A1) of each cylinder (12) of the housing (1 1 a).
4. Ensemble (1 1 ) carter cylindre et culasse comprenant un carter cylindre (1 1 a) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes. 4. Set (1 1) cylinder block and cylinder head comprising a cylinder block (1 1 a) according to any one of the preceding claims.
5. Ensemble (1 1 ) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la culasse (1 1 b) comprend 5. Assembly (1 1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the yoke (1 1 b) comprises
- une seule chambre de culasse (4), ou - only one breech chamber (4), or
- des première et deuxième chambres de culasse (4, 5). first and second breech chambers (4, 5).
6. Moteur thermique comprenant un ensemble (1 1 ) carter cylindre et culasse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 et 5. 6. A heat engine comprising an assembly (1 1) cylinder block and cylinder head according to any one of claims 4 and 5.
7. Système de refroidissement d'un moteur thermique selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un circuit de refroidissement comportant un carter cylindre (1 1 a) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3. 7. Cooling system of a heat engine according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a cooling circuit comprising a cylinder block (1 1 a) according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
8. Système selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en que : 8. System according to the preceding claim, characterized in that:
- le circuit de refroidissement comprend les composants suivants reliés entre eux par des portions dudit circuit : the cooling circuit comprises the following components interconnected by portions of said circuit:
une culasse (1 1 b) ;
■ un échangeur de chaleur (9), notamment un radiateur ; une pompe de circulation (6) du fluide caloporteur ; a cylinder head (11 b); ■ a heat exchanger (9) including a radiator; a circulation pump (6) for the coolant;
■ un élément de fermeture/ouverture (7), et un boîtier de sortie (8) de fluide caloporteur, et/ou ■ a closure / opening (7), and an outlet housing (8) of heat transfer fluid, and / or
- la pompe de circulation (6) de fluide et le boîtier de sortie (8) de fluide sont reliés respectivement en amont et en aval de l'ensemble (1 1 ) carter cylindre et culasse : - The circulation pump (6) of fluid and the fluid outlet housing (8) are connected respectively upstream and downstream of the assembly (1 1) cylinder block and cylinder head:
■ aux première et deuxième chambres (2, 3) de carter cylindre (1 1 a), et/ou ■ the first and second chambers (2, 3) of the crankcase (1 1 a), and / or
■ à une seule chambre de culasse (4) ou aux première et deuxième chambres de culasse (4, 5), et/ou ■ a single breech chamber (4) or the first and second breech chambers (4, 5), and / or
- l'élément de fermeture/ouverture (7) est compris au niveau de chaque portion du circuit localisée entre la deuxième chambre (3) de carter cylindre, et la pompe de circulation (6) et/ou le boîtier de sortie (8) de fluide, et/ou - the closure / opening element (7) is included at each portion of the circuit located between the second chamber (3) of the cylinder block, and the circulation pump (6) and / or the outlet housing (8) of fluid, and / or
- la première chambre (2) de carter cylindre est reliée par au moins un canal (23a, 23b) à la seule chambre de culasse (4) ou à la première chambre de culasse (4), et/ou - the first chamber (2) of the cylinder block is connected by at least one channel (23a, 23b) to the single breech chamber (4) or to the first breech chamber (4), and / or
- la deuxième chambre (3) de carter cylindre est reliée par au moins un canal (23c, 23d) à la deuxième chambre de culasse (5). - The second chamber (3) of the cylinder block is connected by at least one channel (23c, 23d) to the second chamber of the cylinder head (5).
9. Procédé de refroidissement d'un moteur thermique comprenant une étape de circulation (24) d'un fluide caloporteur dans un circuit de refroidissement d'un système de refroidissement (1 ) du moteur caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape de gestion (25) différente de la circulation de ce fluide caloporteur dans des première et deuxième chambres (2, 3) de carter cylindre se trouvant de part et d'autre d'un plan (P) perpendiculaire aux axes (A1 ) des cylindres (12) d'un carter cylindre.
9. A method of cooling a heat engine comprising a step of circulating (24) a heat transfer fluid in a cooling circuit of a cooling system (1) of the engine characterized in that it comprises a management step (25) different from the circulation of this heat transfer fluid in first and second chambers (2, 3) of the cylinder block lying on either side of a plane (P) perpendicular to the axes (A1) of the cylinders (12). ) a cylinder block.
10. Procédé selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que : 10. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that:
- l'étape de gestion (25) comprend une sous-étape de contrôle de la circulation du fluide caloporteur dans la deuxième chambre (3) de carter cylindre visant à autoriser/interdire la circulation du fluide caloporteur dans cette deuxième chambre (3) et/ou en ce que la circulation du fluide caloporteur dans la première chambre est permanente, et/ou - The management step (25) comprises a substep of control of the circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the second chamber (3) of the cylinder housing to allow / prohibit the circulation of heat transfer fluid in the second chamber (3) and / or in that the circulation of the coolant in the first chamber is permanent, and / or
- le fluide caloporteur est apte à circuler entre la première chambre (2) de carter cylindre, et une seule chambre de culasse (4) ou une première chambre de culasse (4), et/ou the heat transfer fluid is able to circulate between the first chamber (2) of the cylinder block, and only one breech chamber (4) or a first breech chamber (4), and / or
- le fluide caloporteur est apte à circuler entre la deuxième chambre (3) de carter cylindre et une deuxième chambre de culasse (5). the heat transfer fluid is able to flow between the second chamber (3) of the cylinder block and a second chamber of the cylinder head (5).
1 1 . Véhicule comprenant un moteur thermique selon la revendication 6.
1 1. Vehicle comprising a heat engine according to claim 6.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP15732858.4A EP3183444A1 (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2015-06-11 | Cylinder housing of a heat engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1457852 | 2014-08-18 | ||
FR1457852A FR3024886B1 (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2014-08-18 | CYLINDER HOUSING OF A THERMAL ENGINE |
Publications (1)
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WO2016027012A1 true WO2016027012A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
Family
ID=52016735
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PCT/FR2015/051544 WO2016027012A1 (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2015-06-11 | Cylinder housing of a heat engine |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP3183444A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3024886B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016027012A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3093758A1 (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2020-09-18 | Renault S.A.S. | "Cylinder block incorporating a heat transfer fluid transit line separated from a water chamber" |
DE102019123878B3 (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-11 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Crankcase for an internal combustion engine, internal combustion engine |
WO2021163743A1 (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2021-08-26 | Avl List Gmbh | Cooling system for an internal combustion engine |
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DE3226880A1 (en) * | 1982-07-17 | 1984-01-19 | Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Cooling system for a piston-type internal combustion engine |
EP0671552A1 (en) * | 1994-03-10 | 1995-09-13 | Adam Opel Ag | Cooling system for an internal combustion engine |
DE10247122A1 (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2004-04-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Cylinder crankcase with cooling jacket for internal combustion engine has jacket forming two or more coolant channels in region of upper case sector |
FR2848248A1 (en) * | 2002-12-06 | 2004-06-11 | Renault Sa | Cooling circuit for motor vehicle internal combustion engine includes water pump that enables circulation of cooling water, with water bypassing radiator and circulating in lower water chamber during cold-starting |
FR2855555A1 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2004-12-03 | Renault Sa | Internal combustion engine cooling circuit, has upper cylinder head water chamber connected upstream from cooling pump whose outlet is connected to lower cylinder head water chamber, to prevent coolant from circulating in radiator |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT8553976V0 (en) * | 1985-10-25 | 1985-10-25 | Fiat Ricerche | INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH CYLINDER COOLING ONLY IN CORRESPONDENCE OF THE DEAD POINTS OF THE STROKE STROKE |
JP2736665B2 (en) * | 1988-12-06 | 1998-04-02 | ヤンマーディーゼル株式会社 | Cylinder block cooling mechanism for internal combustion engine |
DE10210693B4 (en) * | 2002-03-12 | 2004-12-09 | Man B&W Diesel A/S | reciprocating internal combustion engine |
JP5300285B2 (en) * | 2008-03-04 | 2013-09-25 | ヤンマー株式会社 | Semi-open deck engine cylinder block |
-
2014
- 2014-08-18 FR FR1457852A patent/FR3024886B1/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-06-11 WO PCT/FR2015/051544 patent/WO2016027012A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-06-11 EP EP15732858.4A patent/EP3183444A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3226880A1 (en) * | 1982-07-17 | 1984-01-19 | Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Cooling system for a piston-type internal combustion engine |
EP0671552A1 (en) * | 1994-03-10 | 1995-09-13 | Adam Opel Ag | Cooling system for an internal combustion engine |
DE10247122A1 (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2004-04-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Cylinder crankcase with cooling jacket for internal combustion engine has jacket forming two or more coolant channels in region of upper case sector |
FR2848248A1 (en) * | 2002-12-06 | 2004-06-11 | Renault Sa | Cooling circuit for motor vehicle internal combustion engine includes water pump that enables circulation of cooling water, with water bypassing radiator and circulating in lower water chamber during cold-starting |
FR2855555A1 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2004-12-03 | Renault Sa | Internal combustion engine cooling circuit, has upper cylinder head water chamber connected upstream from cooling pump whose outlet is connected to lower cylinder head water chamber, to prevent coolant from circulating in radiator |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3093758A1 (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2020-09-18 | Renault S.A.S. | "Cylinder block incorporating a heat transfer fluid transit line separated from a water chamber" |
DE102019123878B3 (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-11 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Crankcase for an internal combustion engine, internal combustion engine |
WO2021163743A1 (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2021-08-26 | Avl List Gmbh | Cooling system for an internal combustion engine |
CN115135862A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2022-09-30 | Avl李斯特有限公司 | Cooling system for internal combustion engine |
CN115135862B (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2023-09-29 | Avl李斯特有限公司 | Cooling system for an internal combustion engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3024886B1 (en) | 2018-04-27 |
EP3183444A1 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
FR3024886A1 (en) | 2016-02-19 |
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