EP3183444A1

EP3183444A1 - Cylinder housing of a heat engine

Info

Publication number: EP3183444A1
Application number: EP15732858.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Idir Riadh BENSAID
Original assignee: Renault SAS
Current assignee: Renault SAS
Priority date: 2014-08-18
Filing date: 2015-06-11
Publication date: 2017-06-28
Also published as: WO2016027012A1; FR3024886B1; FR3024886A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a cylinder housing (11a) of a heat engine, particularly for motor vehicle. Said housing includes cylinders (12) and a first cylinder housing chamber (2) and a second cylinder housing chamber (3) that are configured so as to enable heat exchange between the cylinders (12) and a heat-transfer fluid. The first (2) and second (3) cylinder housing chambers are located on either sides of a plane (P) perpendicular to the axes (A1) of the cylinders (12).

Description

CYLINDER HOUSING OF A THERMAL ENGINE

The present invention relates to a cylinder block of a heat engine and a cylinder block and cylinder head assembly.

The invention also relates to a heat engine comprising the cylinder block and cylinder head assembly and a vehicle comprising such a heat engine. The invention also relates to a thermal engine cooling system and a method of cooling the engine.

In the state of the art, the engines are formed of castings such as a cylinder head and a cylinder block or cylinder block and include a cooling system which aims to regulate their temperature to ensure reliability and improve the fuel efficiency of combustion and reduce the proportion of toxic gases escaping from the vehicle. The cylinder head comprising moving valves and fuel injectors, and the casing including pistons moving in cylinders, are generally subjected to significant thermal stresses produced during combustion carried out in the enclosure of these cylinders.

In order to regulate the temperature of these engines, the cooling systems comprise chambers, otherwise called water core, in which circulates a cooling fluid such as water. Such chambers are defined in the cylinder head and the cylinder block. In these engines, the cylinder head comprises one or more chambers and the cylinder block a single chamber. These chambers are defined to surround in the case of the cylinder head the tops of each cylinder of the engine and in the case of the casing the side wall of each cylinder over their entire height.

However, such cooling systems have the major disadvantage of performing a similar cooling on all parts of the cylinder block while the thermal stresses are not the same during combustion over the entire height of a cylinder, especially when the piston in each of these cylinders is in the up position, otherwise known by the acronym PMH (High Dead Point) or in the low position, also referred to by the acronym PMB (Dead Point Low).

As a result, such cooling systems often contribute to the generation of heterogeneous deformations over the entire height of the cylinders by thermal expansion. Such deformations then induce an increase in the consumption of oil and combustion gas because the seal between the pistons and the cylinders is no longer ensured, in particular by premature wear of the segments that are likely to ensure this. seal. The present invention aims to remedy all or part of the various disadvantages mentioned above.

Advantageously, the invention makes it possible to improve the cooling of the thermal engines by rendering them more efficient at the levels of the different parts of the cylinder block, in particular the parts which are thermally loaded. With this aim, the invention relates to a crankcase of a heat engine, particularly for a motor vehicle, comprising cylinders and a first chamber and a second crankcase chamber configured so as to allow the exchange of heat between the cylinders and a heat transfer fluid, the first chamber and the second cylinder chamber being located on either side of a plane perpendicular to the axes of the cylinders.

In other embodiments:

the plane is defined by the position of the sealing segments of the head of a piston, in particular of the first segment, when the piston is in the so-called top dead center position;

the first and second crankcase chambers are able to surround all or part of a side wall of each cylinder, and / or

the first casing chamber is arranged at the level of all or part of an upper side wall of each cylinder, in particular at a first part of an enclosure of each cylinder forming a combustion chamber when a piston is in the so-called top dead center position in each cylinder, and / or

the second crankcase chamber is arranged at the level of all or part of a lower side wall of each cylinder, in particular at a second part of an enclosure of each cylinder in which a piston head moves on a race distance, and / or

the first crankcase chamber has a cross section whose surface is substantially smaller than a surface of a cross section of the second crankcase chamber, these transverse sections being parallel to the axis of each cylinder of the crankcase. The invention also relates to a cylinder block and cylinder head assembly comprising such a cylinder block.

Advantageously, the breech includes a single breech chamber or first and second breech chambers.

The invention also relates to a heat engine comprising such a cylinder block and cylinder head assembly. The invention also relates to a cooling system of a heat engine comprising a cooling circuit comprising such a cylinder housing.

In other embodiments:

the cooling circuit comprises the following components interconnected by portions of said circuit:

a breech;

a heat exchanger, in particular a radiator;

a coolant circulation pump; a closure / opening element, and

a heat transfer fluid outlet housing, and / or

the fluid circulation pump and the fluid outlet housing are respectively connected upstream and downstream of the cylinder block and cylinder head assembly:

at the first and second crankcase chambers, and / or

^■ a single breech chamber or the first and second breech chambers, and / or

the closing / opening element is included at each portion of the circuit located between the second chamber of casing cylinder, and the circulation pump and / or the fluid outlet housing, and / or

the first crankcase chamber is connected by at least one channel to the single breech chamber or to the first breech chamber, and / or

- The second cylinder chamber is connected by at least one channel to the second cylinder chamber.

The invention also relates to a method of cooling a heat engine comprising a step of circulating a heat transfer fluid in a cooling circuit of an engine cooling system, the method comprising a step of management different from the circulation of the engine. this heat transfer fluid in first and second cylinder housing chambers located on either side of a plane perpendicular to the axes of the cylinders of a cylinder block.

In particular, in this process:

the management step comprises a substep of controlling the circulation of the coolant in the second cylinder chamber to allow / prohibit the circulation of the coolant in this second chamber and / or in that the circulation of the fluid coolant in the first chamber is permanent, and / or

the coolant is able to circulate between the first cylinder chamber, and a single breech chamber or a first breech chamber, and / or

- The coolant is able to flow between the second cylinder chamber and a second cylinder chamber.

The invention also relates to a vehicle comprising such a heat engine. Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear better on reading the description of a preferred embodiment which will follow, with reference to the figures, made by way of indicative and nonlimiting example: FIG. view of a cylinder block comprising first and second crankcase chambers according to the embodiment of the invention

FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C are different views of the first and second crankcase chambers according to the embodiment of the invention;

Figure 3 shows a sectional view A-A of the cylinder block illustrated in Figure 1, according to the embodiment of the invention; FIG. 4 represents a schematic view of a cooling system of a heat engine according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic views of variants of the cooling system comprising the cylinder block provided with the first and second cylinder housing chambers and a cylinder head comprising a single cylinder head chamber according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic views of variants of the cooling system comprising the cylinder block provided with the first and second cylinder chamber chambers and a cylinder head comprising a single cylinder head chamber, in which the first cylinder chamber is connected. to the only breech chamber according to the embodiment of the invention; FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic views of variants of the cooling system comprising the cylinder block provided with the first and second cylinder housing chambers and a cylinder head comprising first and second cylinder head chambers according to the embodiment of the invention: FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrammatic views of variants of the cooling system comprising the cylinder block provided with the first and second crankcase chambers and a cylinder head comprising the first and second cylinder chambers, in which the first and second chambers of cylinder casing are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder head chambers according to the embodiment of the invention, and

Figure 9 is a flow chart relating to a cooling method of a heat engine according to the embodiment of the invention.

In the description, the terms "upstream" and "downstream" are defined according to the direction of the flow of a heat transfer fluid in the cooling system 1 of the heat engine, which flows through different components of this system and is represented by the arrows shown in Figures 4, 5A to 8B.

The cylinder block January 1 according to an embodiment of the invention, visible in Figure 1, comprises barrels forming cylinders 12 having side walls 17 capable of translating a piston in a chamber of each cylinder 12. These side walls 17 are generally constituted by a reported element called shirt. This cylinder block 1 1 has a first and second cylinder chamber visible in Figures 1, 2A to 2C, through which a heat transfer fluid is circulated to ensure cooling of the corresponding parts A, B of the cylinder block 1 1a at which these two chambers 2, 3 are arranged. These corresponding parts are the upper parts A and lower B of the cylinder block 1 1 a. In this cylinder housing 1 1 a, the first chamber 2 and the second chamber 3 of the cylinder housing 1 1 a are configured to allow the exchange of heat between the cylinders 12 and the heat transfer fluid. The first chamber 2 and the second chamber 3 of the cylinder block are on either side of a plane P perpendicular to the axes A1 of the cylinders 12 (visible in Figures 2A and 3) or substantially on both sides of the cylinder. a plane P perpendicular to the axes A1 of the cylinders 12. This plane P can be defined by the position of the sealing segments 28a, 28b, 28c of the head of a piston 19, when the piston is in the so-called neutral position high 18a. It is preferably defined at the first segment 28a. This plane P divides the cylinder block 1 1 a two upper and lower parts A, B of this cylinder housing 1 1 a. In other words, the first chamber is in an upper part of the cylinder block and the second chamber is in a lower part of the cylinder block. The terms "lower" and "higher" are relative to the direction of the axes of the cylinders.

These first and second chambers 2, 3 of the cylinder block are each formed of a set of components which contributes to guide the heat transfer fluid uniformly through the cylinder housing 1 1 a.

In FIGS. 2B and 2C, the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 are able to surround all or part of the side wall 17 of each cylinder 12 formed of the upper and lower walls 17a, 17b, visible in particular in FIG. 2C. These upper and lower walls 17a, 17b are defined with respect to the plane P which separates the wall 17 of each cylinder 12 in two parts. It will be noted that such an arrangement of these first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3 makes it possible in particular for a part of each of these to be arranged between the cylinders 12 of the casing 11, that is to say at level of interferences 13 visible in Figure 2B. These interferences 13 are part of the hottest areas of the crankcase 11a.

The first casing chamber 2 is arranged at all or part of the upper side wall 17a of each cylinder 12, that is to say above the plane P. More precisely, this first casing chamber 2 is defined to surround the upper sidewalls 17a of the cylinders 12, which walls 17a being located for each cylinder 12 at a first portion of the chamber D of each cylinder 12 said combustion chamber.

In fact in FIG. 3, this first casing chamber 2 is situated at the level of the first part of the enclosure D formed in each cylinder 12 corresponding to the volume between: the upper lateral wall 17a of this cylinder 12, the head of the piston 19 when it is in the position of the top dead center 18a and the cylinder head 1 1b closing the top of the cylinder block 1 1a at the upper face C of the latter. It is actually in this first part of the enclosure D that the gases are hottest, just before the combustion is initiated and at the moment when the energy of the gases begins to be released. It will be noted that the volume of this first part of the enclosure D varies according to the characteristics of the heat engine.

The first cylinder chamber 2 has for example a cross section and parallel to the axis A1 of each cylinder, having the following dimensions:

a height H1 which is between 5 and 20 mm, and preferably 10 mm;

a width L1 which is between 5 and 15 mm, and preferably 10 mm, and a surface (flow section) which is between 25 and 300 mm ² , and preferably 100 mm ² .

Note that the height H1 of the first cylinder chamber 2 substantially corresponds to the height of the first part of the enclosure D that is to say that of the combustion chamber of the cylinders 12.

The dimensions of the cross section of this first cylinder chamber 2 are defined so that the heat transfer fluid circulates rapidly in the first chamber 2 to ensure a very good cooling at the upper portion of the cylinder housing 1 1 a where there is a strong thermal stress. Indeed, for the same flow of heat transfer fluid flowing in the first and second chambers 2, 3 of the cylinder block, the dimensions of the cross section of the first cylinder chamber 2 are smaller, the flow velocity of the coolant is important which has the effect of ensuring rapid and efficient cooling of the upper side wall 17a of each cylinder 12 and therefore the upper portion of the housing 1 1 a. For example, the first chamber 2 of the crankcase has a cross section whose surface is substantially smaller than the cross-sectional area of the second chamber 3 of the crankcase.

The second crank chamber 3 is arranged at all or part of the lower side wall 17b of each cylinder 12, ie below the plane P. More precisely, this second crank chamber 3 is defined to surround the lower sidewalls 17b of the cylinders 12, which walls 17b are located at a second portion of the chamber E of each cylinder in which the piston head 19 moves over a stroke distance d. This stroke distance d which depends on the characteristics of the engine and in particular the displacement and the power of the latter, may be between 60 and 120 mm, and preferably 80 mm.

In particular, the upper and lower limits of this second part of the enclosure E in each cylinder 12 are defined by the positions of the piston head 19, especially when it is respectively in the positions of the top dead center 18a and the point low death 18b. In other words, the height of this chamber is a function of the stroke of the piston head 19 in the cylinders 12.

This second cylinder chamber 3 has for example a section having the following dimensions:

a height H2 which is between 50 and 100% of the stroke distance d of the piston head 19, and preferably 70%;

a width L 2 which is between 8 and 15 mm, and preferably 10 mm, and

a surface which is between 300 and 1000 mm ² , and preferably 500 mm ² . Thus, this second chamber 3 of the crankcase is able to contribute to the cooling of the lower portion B of the crankcase 11a and in particular the lower side wall 17b of each cylinder 12 located at the second part of the enclosure E of the cylinder where the stroke of the piston head 19 is performed. It will be noted that the lower side wall 17b of each cylinder 12 located at this second part of the enclosure E is the one that experiences friction with the piston head 19 and at which the gases generate significant thermal stresses. The cylinder block 1 1 a, visible in Figure 1, may be assembled with a cylinder head 1 1b so as to form a set 1 1 sump cylinder and cylinder head visible in Figure 4. The cylinder head 1 1b includes distribution (valves), ignition (spark plug) and supply of the engine. A cylinder head gasket 1 1 c seals between the cylinder block 1 1 a and the cylinder head 1 1b in this assembly 1 1 cylinder block and cylinder head.

The first and second crankcase chambers 2, 3 which surround the sidewalls 17 of the cylinders 12 are formed during the manufacturing process of the crankcase 11a, in particular from molding processes. The chambers 2 and 3 are obtained by permanent mold (metallic) or by a destructible mold (sand mold or resorbable salt). It will be noted, for example, that when the cylinder block 11a is of the "open deck" type in English or "open tablature" as in FIG. 1, the first cylinder chamber 2 is arranged at the upper face C of this casing 1 1a and is hermetically closed by the assembly, at this upper face C, the cylinder head gasket 1 1 c and the cylinder head 1 1b on the cylinder block 1 1 a.

Alternatively, it will be noted that the separation between the chamber 2 and the chamber 3 of the crankcase can be an insert which is assembled (inserted) at the altitude of the plane P of the crankcase 11a.

Such first and second cylinder chamber 2, 3 contribute to achieve a more homogeneous cooling of the cylinders, limiting deformation at the cylinders. In addition, these first and second crankcase chambers 2, 3 are independent of one another, that is to say that they are not connected to one another in the crankcase 1 1 a and thus make it possible to ensure a separate cooling of the cylinder block 1 1 a. In addition these first and second chambers 2, 3 of the cylinder block are configured to achieve a different circulation of the coolant in the parts corresponding A, B of the crankcase 1 1a of the engine. Thus, these first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 constitute a double-stage cooling of the cylinder housing 11a. This cylinder block 1 1 has been part of a cooling system of a heat engine comprising the assembly 1 1 cylinder block and cylinder head.

In FIG. 4, this cooling system 1 comprises a cooling circuit, in a closed circuit, capable of ensuring the circulation of the coolant in the engine. This coolant is selected from fluids having optimum physicochemical properties, especially in terms of viscosity, heat capacity, thermal conductivity and anticorrosive properties. Such heat transfer fluid may be for example water or a mixture of water and ethylene glycol.

The cooling system 1 comprises in a nonlimiting and non-exhaustive manner, the following components which are interconnected by portions of said cooling circuit:

the cylinder block 1 1 provided with the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3;

- the cylinder head 1 1 b;

- A circulation pump 6 of the heat transfer fluid;

a heat exchanger 9, in particular a radiator;

a closure / opening element 7 of heat transfer fluid flow, and

an outlet housing 8 for heat transfer fluid.

The cylinder head 1 1 b of this cooling system 1 comprises at least one cylinder chamber 4, 5 which is capable of surrounding peaks of each of the cylinders 12 of the engine. This cylinder head 1 1 b can comprise a single breech chamber 4 or first and second breech chambers 4, 5.

In this cooling system 1, the fluid circulation pump 6 and the fluid outlet box 8 are respectively arranged upstream and downstream of the heat engine.

The fluid circulation pump 6 may for example be a centrifugal pump, a particularity of which lies in the fact that it is able to rotate in a closed circuit without generating flow. It is connected to the various cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and cylinder head 4, 5 of the cooling system 1 by outlet pipes 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d.

Alternatively, the system 1 may comprise several fluid circulation pumps, for example a first pump for the cylinder block chambers 2, 3 and a second pump for the cylinder head chamber or chambers 4, 5, or a pump for each of the cylinder chamber 2, 3 and cylinder head chambers 4, 5. The fluid outlet housing 8 is connected upstream to the various cylinder housing chambers 2, 3 and cylinder head 4, 5, and downstream to the exchanger 9. More specifically, the fluid outlet housing 8 comprises upstream of the inlet ducts 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d separated and connected to the cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and cylinder head 4, 5 This outlet housing 8 is adapted to converge the heat transfer fluid resulting from these chambers 2, 3, 4, 5 towards the heat exchanger 9 through an outlet pipe 22 connecting it to the latter.

This fluid outlet box 8 comprises valves 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, in particular solenoid valves or thermostatic valves which can be activated / deactivated depending on the temperature of the coolant from the chambers of crankcase 2, 3 and cylinder head 4, 5. In particular, these valves 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d can be arranged on each of the inlet pipes 21a, 21b, 21c , 21d of the fluid outlet box 8. Thus, the fluid outlet box 8 can thus from its valves 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d regulate the temperature of the heat transfer fluid of the cooling system 1.

Furthermore, the cooling system 1 also comprises the closure / opening element 7 of the coolant flow corresponding for example to solenoid valves or thermostatic valves. This closing / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second chamber 3 of the cylinder block upstream of the engine, that is to say between the fluid circulation pump 6 and the assembly 1 1 cylinder block and cylinder head, or downstream of this assembly January 1, especially between this set January 1 and the outlet housing 8 of fluid. Preferably, this closing element / opening 7 of heat transfer fluid flow is arranged upstream of the assembly 1 1 because when it is downstream of the latter, there may be spurious micromouvements of the heat transfer fluid included in the second cylinder chamber 3 resulting from the fact that the pump 6 turns on itself and brews the heat transfer fluid which will then contribute to ensure parasitic cooling.

In FIGS. 5A to 8B, eight variants of the cooling system 1 are shown diagrammatically, comprising the cylinder block 1 1 provided with the cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3, the cylinder head 1 1b including the cylinder head chamber or chambers 4, 5, the fluid circulation pump 6, the fluid outlet box 8 and the heat exchanger 9.

The first and second variants of the cooling system 1 are illustrated respectively in FIGS. 5A and 5B. These variants of the cooling system 1 comprise the cylinder block 1 1 provided with first and second cylinder chamber 2, 3 and the cylinder head 1 1b comprising a single cylinder chamber 4. In these variants, these chambers 2, 3, 4 are independent of each other in the assembly 1 1 cylinder block and breech.

The first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder chamber 4 are supplied with heat transfer fluid by the circulation pump 6 which is connected to each of them by the portions of the cooling circuit forming the first, second and third outlet ducts 20a, 20b, 20c of the pump 6. More specifically, the first, second and third outlet ducts 20a, 20b, 20c of the pump 6 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and to the breech chamber 4. The heat transfer fluid from these first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder chamber 4 is discharged to the fluid outlet housing 8 from the portions of the cooling circuit forming the first, second and third inlet ducts 21a, 21b, 21c of the outlet housing 8. In particular, the first, second and third inlet ducts 21 a, 21 b, 21 c of the output housing 8 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and to the breech chamber 4. In this outlet housing 8 each inlet pipe 21 a, 21 b 21c is provided with the valve 10a, 10b, 10c.

In the first variant of the cooling system 1 illustrated in FIG. 5A, the closing / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second outlet pipe 20b of the circulation pump 6 of the fluid. In the second variant of the cooling system 1 illustrated in FIG. 5B, the closing / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second inlet pipe 21b of the fluid outlet box 8.

The third and fourth variants of the cooling system 1 are illustrated respectively in FIGS. 6A and 6B. These variants of the cooling system 1 comprise the cylinder block January 1 provided with the first and second cylinder chamber 2, 3 and the cylinder head 1 1b comprising a single cylinder head chamber 4. In these variants, the first cylinder block chamber 2 is connected to the breech chamber 4 by at least one channel 23a, 23b, here two channels which pass through the cylinder head gasket 1 1c.

The first and second casing chamber 2, 3 are supplied with heat transfer fluid by the circulation pump 6 which is connected to each of them by the portions of the cooling circuit forming respectively the first and second outlet ducts 20a, 20b of the pump 6. More specifically, the first and second outlet ducts of the pump 6 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3. Alternatively, a portion of the cooling circuit, in dotted lines in the figures 6A and 6B, forming a third outlet pipe 20c, can connect the circulation pump 6 to the yoke chamber 4. The heat transfer fluid from these first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder chamber 4 is evacuated to the outlet housing 8 of fluid from the portions of the cooling circuit forming the first and second pipes of ent 21a, 21b of the output housing 8. In particular, the first and second inlet ducts 21a, 21b of the outlet housing 8 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3. this outlet housing 8 each inlet pipe 21a, 21b is provided with the valve 10a, 10b.

Alternatively, a portion of the cooling circuit, in dashed lines in FIGS. 6A and 6B, forming a third inlet duct 21c can connect the breech chamber 4:

to the output box 8, in this case the output box 8 comprises the valve 10c which is arranged on this third inlet pipe 21c of the housing 8, and / or

at the first inlet duct 21 a linking the first casing chamber 2 to the outlet casing 8.

In the third variant of the cooling system 1 illustrated in FIG. 6A, the closure / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second outlet pipe 20b of the circulation pump 6 of the fluid. In the fourth variant of the cooling system 1 illustrated in FIG. 6B, the closing / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second inlet pipe 21b of the fluid outlet box 8.

The fifth and sixth variants of the cooling system 1 are illustrated respectively in Figs. 7A and 7B. These variants of the cooling system 1 comprise the cylinder block 1 1 has the first and second cylinder chamber 2, 3 and the cylinder head 1 1b comprising the first and second cylinder chamber 4, 5. These chambers 2, 3, 4, 5 are independent and separated from each other in the assembly 1 1 cylinder block and cylinder head.

The first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3 and the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5 are supplied with heat transfer fluid by the circulation pump 6 which is connected to each of they by the portions of the cooling circuit forming the first, second, third and fourth outlet pipes 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d of the pump 6. More specifically, the first and second outlet pipes 20a, 20b of the pump 6 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3 and the third and fourth outlet pipes 20c, 20d to the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5.

The heat transfer fluid from these first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5, is discharged to the fluid outlet box 8 from the portions of the cooling circuit forming the first, second, third and fourth inlet ducts 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d of the outlet casing 8. In particular, the first and second inlet ducts 21a, 21b of the outlet casing 8 are respectively connected at the first and second casing chamber 2, 3 and the third and fourth inlet ducts 21c, 21d to the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5. In this outlet housing 8 each inlet duct 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d is provided with the valve 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d.

In the fifth variant of the cooling system 1 illustrated in FIG. 7A, the closure / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second outlet pipe 20b of the circulation pump 6 of the fluid. In the sixth variant of the cooling system 1 illustrated in FIG. 7B, the closing / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second inlet pipe 21b of the fluid outlet box 8.

The seventh and eighth variants of the cooling system 1 are illustrated respectively in FIGS. 8A and 8B. These variants of the cooling system 1 comprise the crankcase 11a having the first and second crankcase chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder head 1 1b provided with the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5. In these variants, the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder chamber 4, 5, by at least one channel 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, here four channels passing through the cylinder head gasket 1 1 c.

The first and second casing chamber 2, 3 are supplied with heat transfer fluid by the circulation pump 6 which is connected to each of them by the portions of the cooling circuit forming respectively the first and second outlet ducts 20a, 20b of the pump 6. More specifically, the first and second outlet pipes 20a, 20b of the pump 6 are respectively connected to the first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3. Alternatively, portions of the cooling circuit, in dotted lines FIGS. 8A and 8B, forming third and fourth outlet ducts 20c, 20d, can connect the circulation pump 6 respectively to the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5. The heat transfer fluid from these first and second casing chambers cylinder 2, 3 and first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5, is discharged to the outlet housing 8 fluid to party r portions of the cooling circuit forming the first and second inlet ducts 21a, 21b of the outlet housing 8. In particular, the first and second inlet ducts 21a, 21b of the outlet housing 8 are respectively connected to the first and second crankcase chambers 2, 3. In this outlet housing 8 each inlet pipe 21a, 21b is provided with the valve 10a, 10b. Alternatively, portions of the cooling circuit, dashed in FIGS. 8A and 8B, forming a third and fourth input duct 21c, 21d can connect the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5 respectively:

to the output housing 8, in this case the output housing 8 comprises the valve 10c, 10d which is arranged on each of the third and fourth inlet ducts 21c, 21d of the housing 8, and / or

the first and second inlet ducts 21a, 21b respectively connecting the first and second casing chambers 2, 3 to the outlet casing 8. In the seventh variant of the cooling system 1 illustrated in FIG. 8A, closure / opening member 7 is arranged at the second outlet pipe 20b of the circulation pump 6 of the fluid. In the eighth variant of the cooling system 1 illustrated in FIG. 8B, the closure / opening element 7 is arranged at the level of the second inlet pipe 21b of the fluid outlet box 8.

It will be noted that in other variants (not shown) of the cooling system 1 comprising a cylinder block January 1 provided with the first and second cylinder housing chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder head January 1 comprising the first and second cylinder chambers 4, 5, only the first cylinder chamber 2 is connected to the first cylinder chamber 4 by at least one channel 23a, 23b which passes through the cylinder head gasket 1 1c. The cooling system 1 is able to implement a method of cooling the engine.

FIG. 9 illustrates this cooling process, which comprises a step 24 for circulating the coolant in the cooling circuit of the cooling system 1 of the engine. This step is performed by the fluid circulation pump 6. This heat transfer fluid is circulated in this circuit and therefore in the different cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and cylinder head 4, 5 according to a configurable flow rate which is defined by the pump 6. This circulation step 24 comprises a substep of configuration of the flow rate of the fluid in the cooling circuit and in particular in the first and second cylinder chamber 2, 3 and cylinder head chambers 4, 5. Such a sub-step optimally manages the thermal cylinders 12 of the engine.

The method provides a step of management different from the circulation of the fluid in the crankcase chambers 2, 3. This different management results in particular from the particular and distinct configuration of the first and second crankcase chambers 2, 3, more precisely the different dimensions than their cross section. Thus, this different management makes it possible to achieve separate cooling at the upper parts A and lower B of the casing January 1, where these two chambers 2, 3 are respectively arranged. Indeed, the fluid circulating in the first cylinder chamber 2 is able to evacuate more calories than when it circulates in the second cylinder chamber 3 in particular because the fluid flows faster in the first chamber 2 that in the second 3.

In addition, this management step 25 comprises a substep of control of the circulation of the coolant in the second cylinder chamber 3. This substep of fluid flow control is performed by the closure element / opening 7 which is able to allow / prohibit the circulation of this fluid in the second chamber 3. Such a control of the heat transfer fluid passage allows to enable / disable the cooling of the lower portion B of the housing and more precisely lower side walls 17b of the cylinders 12 of this housing 1 1 a.

Such a sub-step of controlling the circulation of the fluid contributes to promoting the rapid rise in temperature of the cylinders 12 of the casing January 1 in cold weather at the start of the vehicle. More specifically, the closing / opening element 7 can be controlled to prevent the circulation of heat transfer fluid in the second cylinder chamber 3, which has the effect of stopping the cooling of the lower portion B of the housing 1 1 a. Indeed, the higher the temperature of the cylinders 12 increases, the more the oil in the crankcase will heat and its viscosity decrease, resulting in a reduction of friction, especially between the piston head 19 and the jacket of each of the cylinders 12. Thus, with reduced friction at cold start of the engine it will use less energy for its movements. The efficiency of the engine is increased and its consumption and its CO2 emissions, decreased.

As soon as the temperature of the coolant in the second crankcase chamber 3 has reached a temperature threshold, the closure / opening element 7 is then controlled to allow the circulation of the fluid in the second crankcase chamber 3. This temperature threshold may be between 70 and 110 ° C, and is preferably 90 ° C.

It will be noted that in the first cylinder chamber 2, the heat transfer fluid circulates continuously to ensure the reliability of the cylinder tops 12, and sealing segments 28a to 28c so as to avoid in particular the scrubbing of these segments 28a to 28c . The management step 25 also limits the temperature difference amplitude between the upper 17a and lower 17b walls of each cylinder 12 of the housing. Thus, the first and second cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 can be managed independently so as to allow different cooling of the upper parts A and lower B of the cylinder block January 1 in different configurations.

The method then provides a step 26 for evacuating the heat transfer fluid from the cylinder chamber chambers 2, 3 and the cylinder head 4, 5 to the outlet housing 8. This outlet housing 8 comprises the valves 10a to 10d which are capable of a reference temperature to allow the flow of fluid from each of these chambers 2, 3, 4, 5 to the heat exchanger 9. During a cooling step 27, the heat exchanger 9 performs the cooling of the heat transfer fluid which has been heated by circulating in the cylinder chamber 2, 3 and cylinder head chambers 4, 5. The cooled coolant is then circulated by the pump 6 in the circuit of the cooling system 1.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiment which has been explicitly described, but it includes the various variants and generalizations thereof within the scope of the claims below.

Claims

1. Cylinder casing (1 1 a) of a heat engine, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising cylinders (12) and a first chamber (2) and a second chamber (3) of a cylinder block configured so as to allow the exchange of heat between the cylinders (12) and a heat transfer fluid, the first chamber (2) and the second chamber (3) of the cylinder block being on either side of a plane (P) perpendicular to the axes (A1) of cylinders (12).

2. Crankcase (1 1 a) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the plane (P) is defined by the position of the sealing rings (28a, 28b, 28c) of the head of a piston (19) , in particular of the first segment (28a), when the piston is in the so-called top dead center (18a) position.

3. Crankcase (1 1 a) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that:

the first and second chambers (2, 3) of the cylinder block are able to surround all or part of a side wall (17) of each cylinder (12), and / or

the first casing chamber (2) is arranged at the level of all or part of an upper lateral wall (17a) of each cylinder (12), in particular at a first part of a chamber (D) of each cylinder (12) forming a combustion chamber when a piston is in the so-called top dead center (18a) position in each cylinder (12), and / or

the second casing chamber (3) is arranged at the level of all or part of a lower side wall (17b) of each cylinder (12), in particular at a second portion of an enclosure (E) of each cylinder (12) in which a head of piston (19) moves over a stroke distance (d), and / or

the first casing chamber (2) has a cross-section whose surface is substantially smaller than a surface of a cross-section of the second casing chamber (3), these transverse sections being parallel to the axis;

(A1) of each cylinder (12) of the housing (1 1 a).

4. Set (1 1) cylinder block and cylinder head comprising a cylinder block (1 1 a) according to any one of the preceding claims.

5. Assembly (1 1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the yoke (1 1 b) comprises

- only one breech chamber (4), or

first and second breech chambers (4, 5).

6. A heat engine comprising an assembly (1 1) cylinder block and cylinder head according to any one of claims 4 and 5.

7. Cooling system of a heat engine according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a cooling circuit comprising a cylinder block (1 1 a) according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

8. System according to the preceding claim, characterized in that:

a cylinder head (11 b); ^■ a heat exchanger (9) including a radiator; a circulation pump (6) for the coolant;

^■ a closure / opening (7), and an outlet housing (8) of heat transfer fluid, and / or

- The circulation pump (6) of fluid and the fluid outlet housing (8) are connected respectively upstream and downstream of the assembly (1 1) cylinder block and cylinder head:

^■ the first and second chambers (2, 3) of the crankcase (1 1 a), and / or

^■ a single breech chamber (4) or the first and second breech chambers (4, 5), and / or

- the closure / opening element (7) is included at each portion of the circuit located between the second chamber (3) of the cylinder block, and the circulation pump (6) and / or the outlet housing (8) of fluid, and / or

- the first chamber (2) of the cylinder block is connected by at least one channel (23a, 23b) to the single breech chamber (4) or to the first breech chamber (4), and / or

- The second chamber (3) of the cylinder block is connected by at least one channel (23c, 23d) to the second chamber of the cylinder head (5).

9. A method of cooling a heat engine comprising a step of circulating (24) a heat transfer fluid in a cooling circuit of a cooling system (1) of the engine characterized in that it comprises a management step (25) different from the circulation of this heat transfer fluid in first and second chambers (2, 3) of the cylinder block lying on either side of a plane (P) perpendicular to the axes (A1) of the cylinders (12). ) a cylinder block.

10. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that:

- The management step (25) comprises a substep of control of the circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the second chamber (3) of the cylinder housing to allow / prohibit the circulation of heat transfer fluid in the second chamber (3) and / or in that the circulation of the coolant in the first chamber is permanent, and / or

the heat transfer fluid is able to circulate between the first chamber (2) of the cylinder block, and only one breech chamber (4) or a first breech chamber (4), and / or

the heat transfer fluid is able to flow between the second chamber (3) of the cylinder block and a second chamber of the cylinder head (5).

1 1. Vehicle comprising a heat engine according to claim 6.