EP3350433B1 - Dual-acting expansion cylinder with adaptive support - Google Patents
Dual-acting expansion cylinder with adaptive support Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3350433B1 EP3350433B1 EP16775804.4A EP16775804A EP3350433B1 EP 3350433 B1 EP3350433 B1 EP 3350433B1 EP 16775804 A EP16775804 A EP 16775804A EP 3350433 B1 EP3350433 B1 EP 3350433B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rod
- cylinder
- double
- centering
- pressure reducing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/053—Component parts or details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2270/00—Constructional features
- F02G2270/55—Cylinders
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dual-effect expansion cylinder with adaptive support, said cylinder being able to operate at high temperature and to be subjected to thermal expansions different from those of the transmission casing to which it is attached.
- An engine with a piston regulator double effect is known in particular from the document EP1306539 .
- volumetric regenerative engines inspired by turbocharged Brayton cycle engines, power turbine, burner and regenerator. These latter engines are the main source of power for certain gas-fired power plants or certain vessels such as those powered by the "Rolls-Royce WR-21" engine.
- This engine differs from conventional regenerative Brayton cycle engines in that the normally used driving turbine is replaced by a regulator cylinder whose energy performance is maximized by intake and exhaust metering valves operating in a special mode described in the "operation" section of those applications.
- the phasing of the intake metering valve maximizes the output of the expansion of the gases by extending the latter to the exhaust pressure.
- the phasing of the exhaust metering valve is provided to re-compress the residual exhaust gas trapped in the dead volume found at the top dead center of the piston so that before the metering valve opens admission, the pressure and the temperature of said gases become equivalent to those of the gases leaving the burner. This last phasage avoids any irreversibility due to the discharge of gas under high pressure in a dead volume remained under low pressure.
- the replacement of said power turbine by said expansion cylinder is in particular made possible by sealing means of innovative piston that prevents pressurized gases from leaking between said cylinder and the piston expander with which it cooperates.
- sealing means of innovative piston that prevents pressurized gases from leaking between said cylinder and the piston expander with which it cooperates.
- the said requests propose a layout and novel technical solutions that solve a technical problem hitherto unresolved, thus answering the identified and unmet need to make possible the production of regenerative engines of a much higher efficiency. to that of Brayton cycle engines with turbine regeneration, and far superior to that of Otto or Diesel internal combustion internal combustion engines of any type.
- sealing means are in secondary claim to not exclude the possibility of other sealing means that would provide the same benefits.
- the hot organs in order to preserve the maximum efficiency of the thermal machine, the hot organs must communicate as little heat as possible to the cold organs. This is decisive in the case, for example, of the heat transfer-expansion and regeneration engine which is the subject of patent applications no. 1550762 and no 1551593 owned by the applicant. Indeed, any heat transferred by the hot organs to the cold organs of said engine is irretrievably lost and can no longer be converted into motive power.
- the fixing of hot parts carried at high temperature and subjected to high forces is preferably carried out by means of cold steel parts with high mechanical strength. This configuration should not result in excessive heat transfer from hot rooms to cold rooms.
- the double-acting pressure-reducing cylinder with adaptive support according to the invention is in particular intended for high-temperature cylindrical piston-and-piston positive volumetric thermal machines, and to meet the triple need to take up high forces, to allow to different mechanically interconnected members and brought to different operating temperatures to expand and deform without compromising their operation, and limit heat transfer from hot rooms to cold rooms.
- the double-acting pressure-reducing cylinder with adaptive support according to the invention is intended to facilitate the production of alternative machines whose cylinder (s) and piston (s) are for example brought to temperatures of the order of nine hundred to one thousand degrees Celsius. Such temperature results from the fact that the cylinder (s) and piston (s) compress and / or relax gas whose temperature may be of the order of one thousand one hundred to one thousand three hundred degrees Celsius, such temperatures being necessary to claim high thermodynamic yields.
- the double-acting regulator cylinder with adaptive support is adaptable to any machine or apparatus equipped with (e) at least one cylinder operating or not at high temperature, said cylinder being connected to a housing or possibly a frame kept at a low temperature.
- the transfer-expansion and regeneration thermal engine which is the subject of the French patent application Nos. 1550762 and no 1551593 , said requests belonging to the applicant.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder comprises at least one rod cooling tube which sealingly envelopes the pull rod over all or part of the length of said rod, a cooling fluid originating from a source of fluid cooling device which can circulate in a space left between the inner wall of said tube and the outer surface of said rod while the largest possible part of the surface external of said tube does not touch the inner wall of the rod tunnel so as to define with the latter wall empty space.
- the double acting expansion cylinder of the present invention comprises at least a first tube supply port which communicates with the interior of the shaft cooling tube adjacent the first rod end, and / or at least a second port tubular supply which communicates with the inside of the rod cooling tube in the vicinity of the second rod end, the cooling fluid being able to circulate between said two orifices.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder comprises a rod cooling tube which comprises a tube flange held directly or indirectly clamped by the pulling rod or against an attachment lug which has the cylinder barrel or the upper yoke, against the transmission case.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder comprises a tube flange which is held tight by the pull rod against the fastening lug via a Banjo fitting which has at least one radial connection duct connected to the cooling fluid source on the one hand, and communicating with the inside of the stem cooling tube on the other hand.
- the double-acting pressure-reducing cylinder comprises a heat-insulating riser which is interposed between the tube flange and the attachment lug, said riser being traversed right through its length along a tunnel of a riser in which is housed the traction rod and the rod cooling tube which surrounds it in a sealed manner while the greatest possible part of the outer surface of said tube does not touch the inner wall of the raising tunnel so as to define with this last wall an empty space.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises a rod cooling tube which comprises at least one tube bulge consisting of an axial portion of said tube whose diameter is substantially equivalent or even slightly greater than that of the rod tunnel in which he is lodged.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises a rod cooling tube which comprises at least one tube diameter restriction consisting of an axial portion of said tube whose diameter is substantially equivalent to or even slightly less than that of the body of the tube. pull rod.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises a shaft cooling tube which has at least one radial communication hole which allows the cooling fluid to enter or escape from said tube.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder comprises a traction rod which is hollow to form an internal rod cooling channel arranged in the length of said rod, said channel emerging axially or radially from said rod while a fluid of cooling from a source of cooling fluid can flow in said channel.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder comprises a pressure chamber which is connected to a source of pressurized air and which is fixed to the centering gantry or arranged on or in the latter while an upper piston rod which extends the double-acting expander piston on the side of the upper hot gas chamber passes through the upper yoke via an upper stem orifice formed in said cylinder head and via an access port to the chamber passing through the centering gantry to open into the pressure chamber so that the end of said rod which is furthest from said piston is still immersed in said chamber regardless of the position of said piston.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder comprises a transmission casing which is capped with a centering and sealing plate pierced with an access orifice to the transmission means through which the lower piston rod passes to be connected to the transmission means, said plate being rigidly fixed on said housing.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder comprises a chamber access port which cooperates with or has rod sealing means which provide a seal between said port and the upper piston rod.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises an access port to the transmission means which cooperates with or has rod sealing means which provide a seal between said port and the lower piston rod.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder comprises rod sealing means which comprise an upper stem seal and a lower stem seal sufficiently far apart to form between said two seals, an oil-circulating chamber into which a cooling-lubricating oil supply duct opens and from which a cooling-lubricating oil outlet duct is released.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder of the present invention comprises rod sealing means which cooperate with a rod guide ring housed inside or outside the oil circulation chamber.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder comprises lower cylinder centering means and / or upper cylinder centering means which consist of a centering elastic disk which can be drilled in the center of a disk hole. through which the lower piston rod or an upper piston rod passes respectively, while its periphery constitutes a disk fixing flange sealingly fixed respectively to the transmission casing and / or the centering gantry.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder comprises a centering and sealing plate which carries the lower centering means of the cylinder, which consist of a resilient centering disc whose periphery forms a fixed disc fixing collar. sealingly on said platen, said disk being pierced at its center with a disk hole through which the lower piston rod passes without touching said disk, the edge of the disk hole having a circular contact pad which is kept in contact sealing with a centering and sealing cone that has the lower yoke, said cone being male or female, and the contact between said pad and said cone having the effect of axially deforming and from its center the elastic centering disk.
- the double-acting pressure-reducing cylinder comprises upper centering means of the cylinder which consist of an elastic centering disk whose periphery forms a disk-fixing flange sealingly fixed to the centering gantry, said disk being pierced at its center with a disk hole whose edge has a circular contact pad which is kept in sealing contact with a centering and sealing cone which has the upper yoke, said cone being male or female, and the contact between said pad and said cone having the effect of axially deforming and from its center the elastic centering disk.
- the double-acting expander cylinder 1 comprises a cylinder barrel 71 cooperating with a double-acting expander piston 2 which is connected by a lower piston rod 46 to transmission means 3 which may for example be constituted by a connecting rod 4 articulated around a crank 5 which is arranged on a crankshaft 6, said connecting rod 4 being connected to the double-acting expander piston 2 directly by a piston pin or indirectly via a butt 7.
- said means 3 could also consist of a cam, a hydraulic transmitting pump, an electricity generator or any other transmission means known to those skilled in the art.
- the transmission means 3 are housed in a transmission casing 8 maintained at low temperature on which is fixed the cylinder barrel 71, the latter and the double-acting expander piston 2 being able to operate at high temperature.
- the end of the cylinder drum 71 which opens on the side of said means 3 is closed by a lower yoke 9 which passes through the lower piston rod 46 via a lower rod orifice 51 to define with the double-acting expansion piston 2 a lower hot gas chamber 11 while the other end of said barrel 71 is closed by an upper yoke 10 to define with said piston 2 an upper hot gas chamber 12,
- the lower yoke 9 and the upper yoke 10 may comprise at least one valve 50 controlled by a valve actuator 70.
- the double-acting regulator cylinder 1 with adaptive support comprises at least one hollow pillar 13 traversed from one side to the other by its length by a rod tunnel 14 which can be either completely closed or perforated .
- a first pillar end 15 of the hollow pillar 13 rests directly or indirectly on the transmission casing 8 while a second pillar end 16 of the pillar 13 directly or indirectly supports the cylinder drum 71, the lower cylinder head 9 and the upper yoke 10.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder 1 with an adaptive support provides that the first end of the pillar 15 can pivot about a ball joint 42 and / or bend relative to said casing 8 while the second end of the pillar 16 can pivot about a ball joint 42 and / or bend with respect to said cylinder barrel 71, the pivoting of said ends 15, 16 can take place either by means of a mechanical connection of pivot or cardan type or a ball joint 42, either by flexing all or part of the hollow pillar 13, or by both.
- the hollow abutment 13 may be made of zirconium dioxide called “zirconia", this ceramic offering good mechanical strength at high temperature, low thermal conductivity, and a coefficient of expansion close to that of steel.
- the latter can rest on the second end of pillar 16 approximately to the height of the double-acting piston expander 2 when the latter is positioned at half of its stroke.
- the lower yoke 9 and the upper yoke 10 move away approximately the same distance from the center position of the double-acting expander piston 2 .
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder 1 with an adaptive support comprises at least one traction rod 17 housed in the rod tunnel 14, a first rod end 18 of said traction rod 17 being directly or indirectly secured to the transmission housing 8 while a second rod end 19 of said pull rod 17 is secured to the cylinder drum 71 and / or to the lower yoke 9 and / or to the upper yoke 10, said first end 18 being pivotable around a ball joint 42 and / or bend relative to said casing 8 while said second end 19 can pivot about a ball joint 42 and / or bend relative to said cylinder 1.
- pivoting of said ends 18, 19 can be effected either by means of a mechanical connection of pivot or cardan type or of a ball joint 42, or by the flexion of all or part of the traction rod 17, either by both.
- the second rod end 19 can pass through an ear hole 24 that includes a lug 25 that has said barrel 71 and / or said yokes 9, 10, while either a rod head 28 or a stem nut 26 screwed onto a rod thread 29 provided on the pull rod 17 bears on said lug 25 so as to grip the latter between said head 28 or said nut 26, and the hollow pillar 13.
- first rod end 18 can be secured to the transmission casing 8 also by means of a rod head 28 or a stem nut 26 screwed onto a rod thread 29.
- said stem thread 29 can be screwed into a thread 27 directly or indirectly in the transmission housing 8.
- a compression spring can be inserted either between the rod head 28 or the stem nut 26 and the attachment lug 25, or between said head 28 or any other threaded part in which is screwed the rod thread 29, and any other support piece.
- Said compression spring may consist for example of one or more washer (s) "Belleville”.
- Such a compression spring can in particular limit the tension to which the pull rod 17 is subjected when the various members that it keeps tightly together expand under the effect of their rise in temperature.
- the cylinder drum 71, the lower yoke 9 and the upper yoke 10 must preferably be covered with at least one heat shield which limits the heat emissions of said members 71, 9 and 10 into the environment.
- said screen may for example consist of several layers of thin metal sheets having pins that leave between each said sheet a blade of air, or be made of any other arrangement specific to heat shields and known to the man of art.
- the pull rod 17 can be juxtaposed with the hollow pillar 13 which in this case may not be traversed from one side in the direction of its length by a rod tunnel 14 while the function of said rod 17 and said pillar 13 remains unchanged and that the ball joints 42 with which cooperates said rod 17 and said pillar 13 produce the same effects.
- the double-acting expander cylinder 1 comprises lower centering means of the cylinder 20 positioned in the vicinity of the lower yoke 9, said means 20 bearing on the cylinder drum 71 or the lower yoke 9 firstly, and directly or indirectly on the transmission case 8 of the second part, and said means 20 leaving the cylinder barrel 71 free to move parallel to its longitudinal axis relative to the transmission case 8, but prohibiting said barrel 71 to move in the plane perpendicular to said axis, always with respect to said casing 8.
- the double-acting regulator cylinder 1 also comprises upper means for centering the cylinder 21 positioned in the vicinity of the upper yoke 10, said means 21 bearing on the cylinder drum 71 or the upper yoke 10 first part, and on a centering gantry 22 rigidly fixed to the transmission housing 8 and maintained at a height close to that of the upper yoke 10 by at least one rigid portal pillar 23 of the second part, said means 21 leaving the cylinder barrel 71 free to move parallel to its longitudinal axis relative to the transmission casing 8, but prohibiting said barrel 71 to move in the plane perpendicular to said axis, always with respect to said casing 8.
- the figures 4 and 5 show at least one rod cooling tube 30 that can comprise the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder 1 according to the invention, said tube 30 sealingly enveloping the traction rod 17 over all or part of the length of said rod 17, a coolant 31 from a source of cooling fluid 40 able to circulate in a space left between the inner wall of said tube 30 and the outer surface of said rod 17, while the largest possible part of the external surface of said tube 30 does not touch the inner wall of the rod tunnel 14 so as to define with the latter wall empty space.
- the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder 1 may comprise at least a first tube supply port 32 communicating with the inside of the shaft cooling tube 30 in the vicinity of the first rod end 18, and / or at least a second tube supply port 33 communicating with the inside of the rod cooling tube 30 in the vicinity of the second rod end 19, the cooling fluid 31 being able to circulate between the said two orifices 32, 33 however said fluid 31 is colder when it enters the rod cooling tube 30 than when it comes out.
- a fluid pump not shown can be provided to force the cooling fluid 31 to circulate in the rod cooling tube 30, said pump can continue to operate for some time after stopping the heat engine at which applies the double-acting expander cylinder 1 according to the invention.
- the shaft cooling tube 30 may comprise a tube flange 34 held directly or indirectly clamped by the pull rod 17 either against an attachment lug 25 that has the cylinder barrel 71 or the upper cylinder head 10, or against transmission case 8.
- the tube flange 34 can be held tight by the traction rod 17 against the attachment lug 25 via a Banjo coupling 38 which comprises at least one radial connection duct 39 connected to the source of cooling fluid 40 on the one hand, and communicating with the inside of the rod cooling tube 30 on the other hand.
- radial connecting duct 39 may be connected to the source of cooling fluid 40 or to other radial connecting ducts 39 which Banjo 38 comprises of other stem cooling tubes 30 by means of a flexible or deformable conduit that can accommodate variations in distance induced by the thermal expansion of the various members that constitute the double-acting regulator cylinder 1 according to the invention.
- a heat insulating riser 68 may be inserted between the tube flange 34 and the attachment lug 25, said riser 68 being traversed throughout its length direction by a raising tunnel 69 in which is housed the pull rod 17 and the rod cooling tube 30 which tightly surrounds it while the largest possible part of the external surface of said tube 30 does not touch the inner wall of the raising tunnel 69 so as to define with this last wall an empty space.
- thermal insulation riser 68 can advantageously be made of a material resistant to high temperatures and having a low thermal conductivity such as zirconium dioxide.
- the rod cooling tube 30 may comprise at least one tube bulge 35 consisting of an axial portion of said tube 30 whose diameter is substantially equivalent or even slightly greater than that of the rod tunnel 14 in which it is housed, thus ensuring said tube 30 remains locally centered in said tunnel 14, and if necessary achieving a seal between said tube 30 and said tunnel 14.
- the rod cooling tube 30 may further include at least one tube diameter restriction 36 consisting of an axial portion of said tube 30 whose diameter is substantially equivalent to or even slightly less than that of the body of the pull rod 17 in order to locally perform a seal between said tube 30 and said rod 17.
- the rod cooling tube 30 may also comprise at least one radial communication hole 37 which allows the cooling fluid 31 to penetrate into said tube 30, or to escape from it.
- the pull rod 17 may be hollow to form an internal rod cooling channel arranged in the length of said rod 17, said channel opening axially or radially from said rod 17 while a cooling fluid 31 from a source of cooling fluid 40 can flow in said channel.
- the double-acting expander cylinder 1 may comprise a pressure chamber 44 connected to a source of pressurized air 45 and which is fixed on the centering gantry 22 or fitted on or in the latter while an upper piston rod 47 which extends the double-acting expander piston 2 on the side of the upper hot gas chamber 12 passes through the upper yoke 10 via an upper stem orifice 43 provided in said cylinder head 10 and via an orifice access to the chamber 52 passing through the centering gantry 22 to open into the pressure chamber 44 so that the end of said rod 47 which is furthest from said piston 2 always remains immersed in said chamber 44 whatever the position said piston 2.
- This particular configuration of the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder 1 according to the invention makes it possible, for example, to supply compressed air - in particular via the pressure chamber 44 and an internal channel that comprises the upper piston rod 47 - sealing means 48.
- the means 48 possibly being similar or identical to those described in the French patent applications no. 1550762 and no 1551593 belonging to the applicant and allowing the realization of a thermal engine transfer-relaxation and regeneration.
- the transmission casing 8 may be capped with a centering and sealing plate 53 pierced with an access orifice to the transmission means 54 through which the lower piston rod 46 passes to be connected. to the transmission means 3, said plate 53 being rigidly fixed to said housing 8 by screws or by any other means known to those skilled in the art. Alternatively, said plate 53 may form an integral part of said casing 8.
- chamber access port 52 may cooperate with, or include, shaft sealing means 55 which provide a seal between said port 52 and the upper piston rod 47.
- FIGS. 2 , 3 and 6 illustrate that the access port to the transmission means 54 may cooperate with - or comprise - rod sealing means 55 which provide a seal between said port 54 and the lower piston rod 46.
- rod seal means 55 may comprise a top shank seal 56 and a lower shank seal 57 sufficiently remote from each other to - between the two said seals 55 seals 56, 57 - an oil-flow chamber 58 into which a cooling-lubricating oil supply pipe 59 opens and from which a cooling-lubricating oil outlet pipe 60 leaves.
- the oil flow chamber 58 has the dual function of lubricating and cooling the lower piston rod 46 and / or the upper piston rod 47.
- the upper rod seal 56 and / or the lower rod seal 57 may consist in particular of a section segment or two superimposed section segments and whose sections are angularly offset while the outer surface of the lower piston rod 46 and / or the upper piston rod 47 may be provided with shallow double-helix stripes which form a succession of oil tanks and hydrodynamic lift surfaces.
- segment (s) constituting the upper rod seal 56 can be kept at a distance from those constituting the lower rod seal 57 by a segment spacer spring 61 also designed - in particular because it includes orifices or passages for passing the flow of cooling and lubricating oil established between the coolant-lubrication supply line 59 and the coolant-lubrication oil outlet conduit 60.
- the rod sealing means 55 can cooperate with a rod guiding ring 62 housed inside or outside the oil circulation chamber 58, said ring 62 being made of bronze or in any another material usually used to manufacture bearings or antifriction and / or hydrodynamic rings, while said ring 62 provides radial guidance of the lower piston rod 46 in the access port to the transmission means 54 and / or the rod upper piston 47 in the access port to the chamber 52.
- the rod sealing means 55 are preferably provided with a rod guide ring 62 when they apply to the upper piston rod 47 while the radial guide of the lower piston rod 46 is provided by said butt 7 alone.
- the lower centering means of the cylinder 20 and / or the upper centering means of the cylinder 21 may consist of an elastic centering disk 63 being pierceable at its center with a disk hole 64 through which the lower piston rod 46 or an upper piston rod 47 respectively passes, while its periphery constitutes a fixed disk mounting collar 65 of sealing manner respectively on the transmission casing 8 and / or on the centering gantry 22.
- the centering and sealing plate 53 can carry the lower centering means of the cylinder 20 which consist of a resilient centering disc 63 whose periphery forms a disc fixing flange 65 sealingly attached to said platen 53, said disk 63 being pierced at its center with a disk hole 64 through which the lower piston rod 46 passes without touching said disk 63, the edge of the disk hole 64 having a circular contact pad 67 which is maintained in sealing contact with a centering and sealing cone 66 that has the lower yoke 9, said cone 66 being male or female, and the contact between said slider 67 and said cone 66 having the effect of deforming axially and from its center the centering elastic disk 63.
- the disc fixing flange 65 can be fixed to the centering and sealing plate 53 by means of at least one screw, a clip, or any other fastening means known to the person skilled in the art. art. It is noted that advantageously, the centering elastic disk 63 may be made of a material resistant to high temperatures and having a low thermal conductivity such as zirconium dioxide.
- centering elastic disk 63 can be fixed on the lower cylinder 9 while the centering and sealing cone 66 is arranged on or in the centering and sealing plate 53.
- the upper centering means of the cylinder 21 may consist of a resilient centering disc 63 whose periphery forms a disc fixing flange 65 sealingly attached to the centering gantry 22, said disc 63 being drilled in its center a disk hole 64 whose edge has a circular contact pad 67 which is kept in sealing contact with a centering and sealing cone 66 that has the upper yoke 10, said cone 66 being male or female, and the contact between said shoe 67 and said cone 66 having the effect of axially deforming and from its center the resilient centering disc 63.
- disc fixing flange 65 can be fixed to the centering gantry 22 by means of at least one screw, a clip, or any other fastening means known to those skilled in the art.
- the resilient centering disk 63 may be made of a material resistant to high temperatures and having a low thermal conductivity such as zirconium dioxide.
- the resilient centering disk 63 may be attached to the upper yoke 10 while the centering and sealing cone 66 is provided on or in the centering gantry 22.
- a contact pad similar to that which is present the disk hole 64 can be arranged respectively on the lower yoke 9 or on the upper yoke 10 while a centering and sealing cone similar to that presented by said yokes 9, 10 is arranged on and / or in the centering elastic disk 63.
- the resilient centering disc 63 may consist, for example, of a split or non-slotted torus of steel or of a superalloy, of an expandable washer which may or may not consist of multiple folds stacked radially. and made of the same piece of metal or ceramic, at least three spring-biased needles, distributed every one hundred and twenty degrees and cooperating with a sealing segment, and generally, of any technical solution capable of ensure centering and sealing in the desired functional conditions while limiting heat leakage from any warm room to any cold room.
- the double-acting expander cylinder 1 applies to the heat transfer-expansion and regeneration engine of which the French patent application no. 1550762 and no 1551593 belong to the applicant.
- This application has an exemplary value and does not exclude any other use of the double-acting regulator cylinder 1 according to the invention.
- the cylinder barrel 71 of the double-acting expander cylinder 1 according to the invention rises rapidly in temperature with respect to the transmission casing 8 on which it is fixed, said casing 8 accommodating the transmission means 3.
- the double-acting expansion piston 2 which cooperates with said barrel 71, as well as for the lower yoke 9 which closes the end of the barrel 71 on the side of the transmission means 3, and for the upper yoke 10 which closes the barrel. other end of the barrel 71.
- the transmission means 3 are provided for transforming the reciprocating movements that takes place in the cylinder drum 71 the double-acting expansion piston 2, in continuous rotational movement of a crankshaft 6.
- said means 3 consist of a connecting rod 4 connected to the double acting expansion piston 2 by through a butt 7, said rod 4 being articulated around a crank 5 arranged on the crankshaft 6.
- the high temperature of said barrel 71, said piston 2, and said cylinder heads 9, 10 is necessary to give the heat transfer-expansion and regeneration engine the best possible efficiency, while the relatively low temperature maintenance of the transmission casing 8 and the means of transmission 3 is necessary for the latter to maintain a high mechanical strength and for the lubrication of the various components that constitute them is possible without risk of coking of any lubricating oil.
- the cylinder barrel 71, the double-acting expander piston 2, the lower yoke 9 and the upper yoke 10 are for example mainly made of silicon carbide which has a high mechanical strength at high temperature, whereas the crankcase transmission 8 can be made of aluminum and the transmission means 3 can be made of cast iron or steel.
- silicon carbide Although the coefficient of thermal expansion of silicon carbide is lower than that of aluminum or steel, components at nine hundred degrees Celsius expand more than those worn at only one hundred degrees Celsius. It is therefore necessary to let the silicon carbide components expand freely compared to those made of aluminum, cast iron or steel without inducing excessive mechanical stress in silicon carbide or other materials. .
- each hollow pillar 13 has two ball joints 42 around which it articulates.
- zone “D" of said figure 5 that between the first pillar end 15 of said pillar 13 and the transmission casing 8 is intercalated a first ball joint 42 while the "C” zone of the same figure 5 shows that between the second pillar end 16 of said pillar 13 and the lower yoke 9 is intercalated a second ball joint 42.
- each hollow pillar 13 is traversed from one end to the other by its length by a rod tunnel 14 in which is housed a traction rod 17.
- a rod tunnel 14 in which is housed a traction rod 17.
- the first rod end 18 of the traction rod 17 is secured to the transmission housing 8 via a first ball joint 42.
- the "A" zone of the figure 5 illustrates that the second rod end 19 is indirectly secured to the upper yoke 10 via a second ball joint 42.
- the second rod end 19 of the pull rod 17 has a rod head 28 which holds the barrel drum 71, the lower yoke 9 and the upper yoke 10 compressed together between said head 28 and the hollow pillar 13.
- the "B" and “C” zones of the figure 5 illustrate this provision in a particularly obvious way.
- the figures 4 and 5 show that the first rod end 18 of the pull rod 17 terminates - according to this non-limiting embodiment - by a thread of rod 29 screwed into a thread 27 formed in a ball joint 42 which bears in the housing of transmission 8 and around which articulates said first end 18.
- the various ball joints 42 around which the four recessed pillars 13 and the traction rod 17 with which they cooperate allow the cylinder barrel 71, the lower yoke 9 and the upper yoke 10 to expand freely. This is done, however, that the recessed pillars 13 can transmit the tensile and compressive forces between the cylinder drum 71, the lower yoke 9 and the upper yoke 10 first, and the second transmission case 8.
- the centering and sealing plate 53 and the centering gantry 22 which are rigidly secured to the transmission casing 8 each bear and respectively the lower centering means of the cylinder 20 and the upper centering means of the cylinder 21, said lower means 20 and upper 21 being each constituted by a resilient centering disc 63.
- the elastic centering disc 63 which constitutes the lower centering means of the cylinder 20 is particularly visible in figure 6 while that constituting the upper centering means of the cylinder 21 is particularly visible in figure 7 .
- the purpose of the elastic centering disks 63 is to ensure centering and orientation relative to the transmission casing 8 of the rigid assembly formed by the cylinder drum 71, the lower yoke 9 and the upper yoke 10.
- said disc 63 is sealingly fixed by its disc fixing flange 65 on the centering and sealing plate 53 by means of eight fastening screws which are counted in figure 4 .
- said disk 63 is pierced at its center with a disk hole 64 through which the lower piston rod 46 passes without touching said disk 63, the edge of the disk hole 64 having a circular male contact pad 67 which is maintained in sealing contact with the centering and sealing cone 66 female that has the lower yoke 9.
- the latter exerts a force on said pad 67 which deforms axially and from its center the centering elastic disk 63 relative to its rest position.
- the contact between the male conical shape of the contact pad 67 and the female conical shape of the centering and sealing cone 66 tends to center the bottom yoke 9 on the centering and sealing plate 53.
- said contact provides a seal which prevents the pressurized gases contained in the lower hot gas chamber 11 from escaping from said chamber 11.
- the axial deformation of the centering elastic disk 63 does not compromise the integrity of the latter, which deforms in its elastic range.
- the conical shape of the centering and sealing cone 66 and the contact pad 67 accommodates differential expansions between these two parts 66, 67 regardless of the direction of said expansions.
- the lower centering means of the cylinder 20 and the upper centering means of the cylinder 21 cooperate to keep the cylinder drum 71 always centered around the piston double-acting expander 2, and always parallel thereto.
- said means 55 also ensure the cooling of the lower piston rod 46 by means of an oil circulation chamber 58 into which a cooling-lubricating oil supply pipe 59 opens and from which a cooling oil-lubricating output duct 60. It is easy to notice that the flow of oil flowing between said ducts 59, 60 being in permanent contact with the lower piston rod 46, said flow makes it possible to maintain said rod 46 at a temperature for example slightly above one hundred degrees Celsius, but not higher.
- the upper shaft seal 56 consists of two superimposed cutting segments whose sections are angularly offset while the lower rod seal 57 consists of a single sectional segment, the two said seals 56, 57 being held apart from each other by a segment spacer spring 61 which includes orifices allowing the flow of coolant and lubricating oil to pass between the cooling oil supply line and lubrication 59 and the coolant-lubrication oil outlet conduit 60, via the oil flow chamber 58.
- the figure 7 illustrates the same arrangement, with the main difference that the segment spacer spring 61 gives way to a rod guide ring 62 which provides radial guidance of the upper piston rod 47 which, according to the non-limiting example taken here to illustrate the operation of the double-acting expander cylinder 1 according to the invention, opens into the pressure chamber 44 arranged in the centering gantry 22 and which we saw in description that it can supply compressed air via an internal channel that comprises the upper piston rod 47 sealing means 48 such as a continuous ring perforated air cushion 49 housed in a segment groove arranged at the periphery of the double acting expansion piston piston 2.
- the oil pump that supplies the oil circulation chambers 58 continues to supply the latter with oil to cool the lower piston rod 46 and the upper piston rod 47 and this, as long as the lower yoke 9 and the upper yoke 10 continue to transmit heat to said chambers 58 and may carry the oil contained in said chambers 58 at temperature of coking.
- the particular configuration of the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder 1 according to the invention strongly limits the heat transfer from the Bottom yoke 9 to the transmission housing 8. Recall that said transfer adversely affects the efficiency of the heat transfer-expansion and regeneration engine.
- the recessed pillars 13 are not only of great length as illustrated in FIG. Figures 1 to 5 , but they are also preferably made of a low thermal conductivity material such as zirconium oxide.
- each pillar comprises a rod cooling tube 30 which tightly surrounds said traction rod 17 with which it co-operates over a majority of the length of said rod 17.
- a cooling fluid 31 from a source of cooling fluid 40 flows in the space left between the inner wall of said tube 30 and the outer surface of said rod 17, however that as much as possible of the outer surface of said tube 30 does not touch the inner wall of the rod tunnel 14 so as to define with the latter wall a void space which constitutes a thermal insulation.
- zone “ A” of the figure 5 the rod cooling tube 30 has a tube bulge 35 which ensures that said tube 30 remains locally centered in the rod tunnel 14. It is further seen in zone “D” and in the vicinity of the first rod end 18 that two further tube bulges 35 each constitute both a centering and a seal between said tube 30 and said tunnel 14. Said two other bulges 35 cooperate with a tube diameter restriction 36 which locally provides a seal between the rod cooling tube 30 and the pull rod 17.
- the stem cooling tube 30 has a first tube supply port 32 located between said two further bulges 35, said first port 32 communicating with the interior of the stem cooling tube 30 in the vicinity of the first end of the tube.
- rod 18 on the one hand and being connected to the forward circuit of the cooling fluid source 40 via channels arranged in the transmission case 8 on the other hand.
- the rod cooling tube 30 terminates - at the second rod end 19 - by a tube flange 34 held tight by the rod head 28 against a thermal insulation riser 68 interposed between said flange 34 and the attachment lug 25 of the upper yoke 10.
- a Banjo coupling 38 is interposed between the rod head 28 and said flange 34, said coupling 38 comprising a radial connecting duct 39 connected to the return circuit of the coolant source 40 on the one hand, and communicating with the inside of the stem cooling tube 30 on the other hand via the end of the stem cooling tube 30 which receives the collar of tube 34.
- thermal insulation riser 68 - preferably made of zirconium oxide - constitutes an additional obstacle to the transfer of heat from the upper yoke 10 carried to about nine hundred degrees Celsius towards the rod head 28 maintained at only one hundred degrees Celsius .
- this particular configuration which makes it possible to cool the traction rod 17 is useless if it is made of a high temperature resistant material such as "zirconia", silicon carbide, alumina or any superalloy specifically developed for this type of use.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
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Description
La présente invention est relative à un cylindre détendeur à double effet à support adaptatif, ledit cylindre pouvant opérer à haute température et être soumis à des dilatations thermiques différentes de celles du carter de transmission sur lequel il est fixé. Un moteur avec piston détendeur double effet est connu notamment du document
Il y aurait un grand intérêt énergétique à réaliser des moteurs à régénération volumétriques inspirés des moteurs à cycle de Brayton à turbocompresseur, turbine motrice, brûleur et régénérateur. Ces derniers moteurs constituent la principale source motrice de certaines centrales de production d'électricité à gaz ou de certains navires tels ceux propulsés par le moteur « Rolls-Royce WR-21 ».It would be of great energy interest to make volumetric regenerative engines inspired by turbocharged Brayton cycle engines, power turbine, burner and regenerator. These latter engines are the main source of power for certain gas-fired power plants or certain vessels such as those powered by the "Rolls-Royce WR-21" engine.
On note que le demandeur détient deux demandes de brevet français portant sur un moteur thermique à transfert-détente et régénération. La première de ces demandes a été enregistrée le
Ledit moteur se distingue des moteurs à cycle de Brayton à régénération conventionnels en ce que la turbine motrice ordinairement utilisée est remplacée par un cylindre détendeur dont la performance énergétique est maximisée par des soupapes doseuses d'admission et d'échappement opérant selon un mode spécial décrit dans la section « fonctionnement » desdites demandes.This engine differs from conventional regenerative Brayton cycle engines in that the normally used driving turbine is replaced by a regulator cylinder whose energy performance is maximized by intake and exhaust metering valves operating in a special mode described in the "operation" section of those applications.
Notamment, le phasage de la soupape doseuse d'admission maximise le rendement de la détente des gaz en prolongeant cette dernière jusqu'à la pression d'échappement. En outre, le phasage de la soupape doseuse d'échappement est prévu pour re-comprimer les gaz d'échappement résiduels emprisonnés dans le volume mort trouvé au Point Mort Haut du piston afin qu'avant que ne s'ouvre la soupape doseuse d'admission, la pression et la température desdits gaz redeviennent équivalentes à celles des gaz sortant du brûleur. Ce dernier phasage évite toute irréversibilité due à la décharge de gaz sous haute pression dans un volume mort resté sous basse pression.In particular, the phasing of the intake metering valve maximizes the output of the expansion of the gases by extending the latter to the exhaust pressure. In addition, the phasing of the exhaust metering valve is provided to re-compress the residual exhaust gas trapped in the dead volume found at the top dead center of the piston so that before the metering valve opens admission, the pressure and the temperature of said gases become equivalent to those of the gases leaving the burner. This last phasage avoids any irreversibility due to the discharge of gas under high pressure in a dead volume remained under low pressure.
Selon lesdites demandes, le remplacement de ladite turbine motrice par ledit cylindre détendeur est notamment rendu possible par des moyens d'étanchéité de piston innovants qui empêchent les gaz sous pression de fuir entre ledit cylindre et le piston détendeur avec lequel il coopère. Ces deux derniers organes étant portés à très haute température, ils excluent tout recours à quelque lubrification par huile que ce soit d'un segment ou d'une bague et à tout contact entre le cylindre détendeur chaud d'une part, et un segment ou un joint d'étanchéité d'autre part.According to said applications, the replacement of said power turbine by said expansion cylinder is in particular made possible by sealing means of innovative piston that prevents pressurized gases from leaking between said cylinder and the piston expander with which it cooperates. These last two bodies being brought to a very high temperature, they exclude any recourse to any oil lubrication whether of a segment or a ring and any contact between the hot regulating cylinder on the one hand, and a segment or a seal on the other hand.
C'est pourquoi les moyens d'étanchéité innovants proposés dans les demandes de brevet n°
Par là même, lesdites demandes proposent un agencement et des solutions techniques inédites qui résolvent un problème technique jusqu'ici non-résolu, répondant ainsi au besoin identifié et non-satisfait de rendre possible la production de moteurs à régénération d'un rendement très supérieur à celui des moteurs à cycle de Brayton à régénération à turbines, et très supérieur à celui des moteurs thermiques alternatifs à combustion interne Otto ou Diesel quel qu'en soit le type.By the same token, the said requests propose a layout and novel technical solutions that solve a technical problem hitherto unresolved, thus answering the identified and unmet need to make possible the production of regenerative engines of a much higher efficiency. to that of Brayton cycle engines with turbine regeneration, and far superior to that of Otto or Diesel internal combustion internal combustion engines of any type.
On note que dans les demandes n°
Ceci étant exposé, qu'il s'agisse du cylindre détendeur tel que présenté dans les demandes n°
Le problème est que ces organes et matériaux portés à des températures avoisinant les mille degrés Celsius voire davantage coopèrent avec d'autres organes dont la température de fonctionnement reste notablement plus basse, de l'ordre de cent degrés Celsius seulement. Parmi lesdits autres organes figurent par exemple les moyens mécaniques de transmission de la puissance auxquels est relié le piston, ou le carter qui renferme lesdits moyens et sur lequel est directement ou indirectement fixé le cylindre - détendeur ou non - et sa ou ses culasse(s).The problem is that these bodies and materials brought to temperatures near one thousand degrees Celsius or more cooperate with other organs whose operating temperature remains significantly lower, of the order of one hundred degrees Celsius only. Amongst those other bodies for example the mechanical power transmission means to which the piston is connected, or the casing which encloses said means and on which is directly or indirectly fixed the cylinder - regulator or not - and its or breech (s).
Il faut donc rendre possible la coopération entre ces différents organes qui sont reliés ou fixés entre eux, qui opèrent à des températures différentes, et qui sont possiblement constitués de matériaux dont le coefficient de dilatation thermique est différent.It is thus necessary to make possible the cooperation between these different organs which are connected or fixed between them, which operate at different temperatures, and which are possibly made of materials whose coefficient of thermal expansion is different.
Notamment, il faut que les efforts produits par la pression des gaz sur le piston à simple ou double effet puissent être recueillis par les moyens mécaniques de transmission afin que ces derniers puissent en délivrer le travail sous une forme exploitable. Lesdits gaz appliquant les mêmes efforts sur la ou les culasse(s) obturant le cylindre, lesdits mêmes efforts doivent être repris par une liaison mécanique intercalée entre la ou lesdites culasse(s) et le carter qui renferme les moyens mécaniques de transmission. Tout en remplissant chacun leur fonction, ces différents organes doivent pouvoir librement se dilater et se déformer de façon homogène ou non.In particular, it is necessary that the forces produced by the gas pressure on the piston single or double effect can be collected by the mechanical transmission means so that they can deliver the work in a usable form. Said gases applying the same forces on the cylinder head (s) closing the cylinder, said same forces must be taken over by a mechanical connection interposed between the one or more yoke (s) and the casing which encloses the mechanical means of transmission. While each fulfilling their function, these different organs must be able to freely expand and deform in a homogeneous manner or not.
On note aussi que pour préserver à la machine thermique qu'ils constituent le maximum de rendement, les organes chauds doivent communiquer le moins de chaleur possible aux organes froids. Ceci est décisif dans le cas par exemple du moteur thermique à transfert-détente et régénération objet des demandes de brevet n°
Or, la fixation de pièces chaudes portées à haute température et soumises à des efforts élevés est préférentiellement réalisée au moyen de pièces froides en acier à haute résistance mécanique. Il ne doit pas résulter de cette configuration un transfert excessif de chaleur depuis les pièces chaudes vers les pièces froides.However, the fixing of hot parts carried at high temperature and subjected to high forces is preferably carried out by means of cold steel parts with high mechanical strength. This configuration should not result in excessive heat transfer from hot rooms to cold rooms.
C'est pourquoi le cylindre détendeur à double effet à support adaptatif suivant l'invention est notamment prévu pour les machines thermiques volumétriques alternatives à cylindre et piston opérant à haute température, et pour répondre à la triple nécessité de reprendre des efforts élevés, de permettre aux différents organes mécaniquement reliés entre eux et portés à des températures opérationnelles différentes de se dilater et de se déformer sans compromettre leur fonctionnement, et de limiter les transferts de chaleur depuis les pièces chaudes vers les pièces froides.This is why the double-acting pressure-reducing cylinder with adaptive support according to the invention is in particular intended for high-temperature cylindrical piston-and-piston positive volumetric thermal machines, and to meet the triple need to take up high forces, to allow to different mechanically interconnected members and brought to different operating temperatures to expand and deform without compromising their operation, and limit heat transfer from hot rooms to cold rooms.
En outre, le cylindre détendeur à double effet à support adaptatif suivant l'invention est prévu pour faciliter la réalisation de machines alternatives dont le ou les cylindre(s) et piston(s) sont par exemple portés à des températures de l'ordre de neuf cents à mille degrés Celsius. De telles température résultent du fait que le ou lesdits cylindre(s) et piston(s) compriment et/ou détendent des gaz dont la température peut être de l'ordre de mille cent à mille trois cent degrés Celsius, de telles températures étant nécessaires pour prétendre à des rendements thermodynamiques élevés.In addition, the double-acting pressure-reducing cylinder with adaptive support according to the invention is intended to facilitate the production of alternative machines whose cylinder (s) and piston (s) are for example brought to temperatures of the order of nine hundred to one thousand degrees Celsius. Such temperature results from the fact that the cylinder (s) and piston (s) compress and / or relax gas whose temperature may be of the order of one thousand one hundred to one thousand three hundred degrees Celsius, such temperatures being necessary to claim high thermodynamic yields.
Dans le domaine d'application des machines thermiques alternative à piston(s) en général et des moteurs thermiques en particulier, il résulte de l'invention un cylindre détendeur à double effet à support adaptatif :
- Dont la dilatation isotrope ou anisotrope peut être différente de celle du carter de transmission sur lequel est fixé et ceci, sans compromettre ni le fonctionnement dudit cylindre ni celui du piston qui évolue dans ledit cylindre, et sans altérer de façon significative le rapport volumétrique de tout moteur ou de toute machine thermique dont il est l'un des constituants;
- Qui reste toujours centré sur le piston avec lequel il coopère malgré que ce dernier puisse également être porté à haute température et être relié à des moyens de transmission opérant à basse température tout comme le carter de transmission dans lequel ils sont logés et sur lequel est fixé ledit cylindre ;
- Qui peut être solidement fixé - ainsi que sa ou ses culasses(s) - sur le carter de transmission au moyen de liaisons en acier à haute résistance mécanique et ceci, malgré la température basse que requiert ledit acier pour conserver sa résistance, et malgré la température haute à laquelle est soumise ledit cylindre et sa ou ses culasses(s) ;
- Qui exporte peu de sa chaleur vers les pièces froides avec lesquelles il coopère ce qui préserve le rendement de tout moteur ou de toute machine thermique dont il est l'un des constituants ;
- Dont le ou les matériau(x) dont il est constitué est (sont) soumis à un gradient de température modéré ce qui confère au(x) dit(s) matériau(x) une résistance élevée et une grande pérennité.
- Whose isotropic or anisotropic expansion can be different from that of the transmission casing on which is fixed and this, without compromising neither the operation of said cylinder nor that of the piston which evolves in said cylinder, and without significantly altering the volumetric ratio of any engine or any thermal machine of which it is one of the constituents;
- Which always remains centered on the piston with which it cooperates despite that it can also be heated to high temperature and be connected to transmission means operating at low temperatures as the transmission housing in which they are housed and on which is fixed said cylinder;
- Which can be securely fixed - and its cylinder head (s) - on the transmission case by means of steel connections with high mechanical strength and this, despite the low temperature that requires the said steel to maintain its strength, and despite the high temperature to which said cylinder and its cylinder head (s) are subjected;
- Which exports little of its heat to the cold parts with which it cooperates which preserves the efficiency of any engine or any thermal machine of which it is one of the constituents;
- The material (s) of which it is constituted is (are) subjected to a moderate temperature gradient which gives the said material (s) (x) a high resistance and a great durability.
Il est entendu que le cylindre détendeur à double effet à support adaptatif selon l'invention est adaptable à toute machine ou appareil doté(e) d'au moins un cylindre opérant ou non à haute température ledit cylindre étant relié à un carter ou bâti possiblement maintenu à basse température. A titre non-limitatif, parmi les exemples d'application de ladite invention figure le moteur thermique à transfert-détente et régénération objet des demandes de brevet français n°
Les autres caractéristiques de la présente invention ont été décrites dans la description et dans les revendications secondaires dépendantes directement ou indirectement de la revendication principale.The other features of the present invention have been described in the description and in the dependent claims directly or indirectly dependent on the main claim.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet à support adaptatif comporte un fût de cylindre coopérant avec un piston détendeur à double effet qui est relié par une tige inférieure de piston à des moyens de transmission logés dans un carter de transmission sur lequel est fixé le fût de cylindre, tandis que l'extrémité dudit fût qui débouche du coté desdits moyens est fermée par une culasse inférieure que traverse la tige inférieure de piston via un orifice de tige inférieure pour définir avec le piston détendeur à double effet une chambre à gaz chauds inférieure cependant que l'autre extrémité dudit fût est fermée par une culasse supérieure pour définir avec ledit piston une chambre à gaz chauds supérieure, et comprend selon l'invention :
- Au moins un pilier évidé traversé de part en part dans le sens de sa longueur par un tunnel de tige, une première extrémité de pilier dudit pilier reposant directement ou indirectement sur le carter de transmission tandis qu'une deuxième extrémité de pilier dudit pilier supporte directement ou indirectement le fût de cylindre, la culasse inférieure et la culasse supérieure, cependant que ladite première extrémité peut pivoter autour d'une liaison rotule et/ou fléchir par rapport audit carter tandis que ladite deuxième extrémité peut pivoter autour d'une liaison rotule et/ou fléchir par rapport audit fût de cylindre ;
- Au moins une tige de traction logée dans le tunnel de tige, une première extrémité de tige de ladite tige de traction étant directement ou indirectement arrimée au carter de transmission tandis qu'une deuxième extrémité de tige de ladite tige de traction est arrimée au fût de cylindre et/ou à la culasse inférieure et/ou à la culasse supérieure, ladite première extrémité pouvant pivoter autour d'une liaison rotule et/ou fléchir par rapport audit carter tandis que ladite deuxième extrémité peut pivoter autour d'une liaison rotule et/ou fléchir par rapport audit cylindre ;
- Des moyens inférieurs de centrage du cylindre positionnés au voisinage de la culasse inférieure, lesdits moyens prenant appui sur le fût de cylindre ou la culasse inférieure de première part, et directement ou indirectement sur le carter de transmission de seconde part, et lesdits moyens laissant le fût de cylindre libre de se déplacer parallèlement à son axe longitudinal par rapport au carter de transmission, mais interdisant audit fût de se déplacer dans le plan perpendiculaire audit axe, toujours par rapport audit carter ;
- Des moyens supérieurs de centrage du cylindre positionnés au voisinage de la culasse supérieure, lesdits moyens prenant appui sur le fût de cylindre ou la culasse supérieure de première part, et sur un portique de centrage rigidement fixé au carter de transmission et maintenu à une hauteur voisine de celle de la culasse supérieure par au moins un pilier rigide de portique de seconde part, lesdits moyens laissant le fût de cylindre libre de se déplacer parallèlement à son axe longitudinal par rapport au carter de transmission, mais interdisant audit fût de se déplacer dans le plan perpendiculaire audit axe, toujours par rapport audit carter.
- At least one hollow pillar traversed through its length by a rod tunnel, a first pillar end of said pillar resting directly or indirectly on the transmission casing while a second pillar end of said pillar bears directly or indirectly the cylinder barrel, the lower yoke and the upper yoke, while said first end can pivot about a ball joint and / or flex by report to said housing while said second end is pivotable about a ball joint and / or flex relative to said cylinder barrel;
- At least one pull rod housed in the rod tunnel, a first rod end of said pull rod being directly or indirectly secured to the transmission housing while a second rod end of said pull rod is secured to the drive shaft; cylinder and / or the lower yoke and / or the upper yoke, said first end being pivotable about a ball joint and / or bend relative to said casing while said second end is pivotable about a ball joint and / or flexing relative to said cylinder;
- Bottom centering means of the cylinder positioned in the vicinity of the lower yoke, said means bearing on the cylinder drum or the lower yoke of the first part, and directly or indirectly on the second transmission case, and said means leaving the cylinder barrel free to move parallel to its longitudinal axis relative to the transmission housing, but prohibiting said drum to move in the plane perpendicular to said axis, always with respect to said housing;
- Upper cylinder centering means positioned in the vicinity of the upper yoke, said means bearing on the cylinder drum or the upper yoke of the first part, and on a centering gantry rigidly fixed to the transmission housing and maintained at a similar height of that of the upper yoke by at least one rigid pillar gantry second part, said means leaving the cylinder barrel free to move parallel to its longitudinal axis relative to the transmission housing, but prohibiting said drum to move in the plane perpendicular to said axis, always with respect to said housing.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend au moins un tube de refroidissement de tige qui enveloppe de façon étanche la tige de traction sur tout ou partie de la longueur de ladite tige, un fluide de refroidissement provenant d'une source de fluide de refroidissement pouvant circuler dans un espace laissé entre la paroi interne dudit tube et la surface externe de ladite tige cependant que la plus grande part possible de la surface externe dudit tube ne touche pas la paroi interne du tunnel de tige de sorte à définir avec cette dernière paroi un espace vide.The double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises at least one rod cooling tube which sealingly envelopes the pull rod over all or part of the length of said rod, a cooling fluid originating from a source of fluid cooling device which can circulate in a space left between the inner wall of said tube and the outer surface of said rod while the largest possible part of the surface external of said tube does not touch the inner wall of the rod tunnel so as to define with the latter wall empty space.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend au moins un premier orifice d'alimentation de tube qui communique avec l'intérieur du tube de refroidissement de tige au voisinage de la première extrémité de tige, et/ou au moins un deuxième orifice d'alimentation de tube qui communique avec l'intérieur du tube de refroidissement de tige au voisinage de la deuxième extrémité de tige, le fluide de refroidissement pouvant circuler entre les deux dits orifices.The double acting expansion cylinder of the present invention comprises at least a first tube supply port which communicates with the interior of the shaft cooling tube adjacent the first rod end, and / or at least a second port tubular supply which communicates with the inside of the rod cooling tube in the vicinity of the second rod end, the cooling fluid being able to circulate between said two orifices.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend un tube de refroidissement de tige qui comporte une collerette de tube maintenue directement ou indirectement serrée par la tige de traction soit contre une oreille de fixation que présente le fût de cylindre ou la culasse supérieure, soit contre le carter de transmission.The double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises a rod cooling tube which comprises a tube flange held directly or indirectly clamped by the pulling rod or against an attachment lug which has the cylinder barrel or the upper yoke, against the transmission case.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend une collerette de tube qui est maintenue serrée par la tige de traction contre l'oreille de fixation par l'intermédiaire d'un raccord Banjo qui comporte au moins un conduit radial de raccord relié à la source de fluide de refroidissement d'une part, et communiquant avec l'intérieur du tube de refroidissement de tige d'autre part.The double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises a tube flange which is held tight by the pull rod against the fastening lug via a Banjo fitting which has at least one radial connection duct connected to the cooling fluid source on the one hand, and communicating with the inside of the stem cooling tube on the other hand.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend une rehausse d'isolation thermique qui est intercalée entre la collerette de tube et l'oreille de fixation, ladite rehausse étant traversée de part en part dans le sens de sa longueur par un tunnel de rehausse dans lequel est logée la tige de traction et le tube de refroidissement de tige qui l'enveloppe de façon étanche cependant que la plus grande part possible de la surface externe dudit tube ne touche pas la paroi interne du tunnel de rehausse de sorte à définir avec cette dernière paroi un espace vide.The double-acting pressure-reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises a heat-insulating riser which is interposed between the tube flange and the attachment lug, said riser being traversed right through its length along a tunnel of a riser in which is housed the traction rod and the rod cooling tube which surrounds it in a sealed manner while the greatest possible part of the outer surface of said tube does not touch the inner wall of the raising tunnel so as to define with this last wall an empty space.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend un tube de refroidissement de tige qui comporte au moins un renflement de tube constitué d'une portion axiale dudit tube dont le diamètre est sensiblement équivalent voire légèrement supérieur à celui du tunnel de tige dans lequel il est logé.The double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises a rod cooling tube which comprises at least one tube bulge consisting of an axial portion of said tube whose diameter is substantially equivalent or even slightly greater than that of the rod tunnel in which he is lodged.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend un tube de refroidissement de tige qui comporte au moins une restriction de diamètre de tube constitué d'une portion axiale dudit tube dont le diamètre est sensiblement équivalent voire légèrement inférieur à celui du corps de la tige de traction.The double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises a rod cooling tube which comprises at least one tube diameter restriction consisting of an axial portion of said tube whose diameter is substantially equivalent to or even slightly less than that of the body of the tube. pull rod.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend un tube de refroidissement de tige qui comporte au moins un trou de communication radial qui permet au fluide de refroidissement de pénétrer dans ledit tube, ou de s'en échapper.The double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises a shaft cooling tube which has at least one radial communication hole which allows the cooling fluid to enter or escape from said tube.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend une tige de traction qui est creuse pour former un canal interne de refroidissement de tige aménagé dans la longueur de ladite tige, ledit canal débouchant axialement ou radialement de ladite tige tandis qu'un fluide de refroidissement provenant d'une source de fluide de refroidissement peut circuler dans ledit canal.The double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises a traction rod which is hollow to form an internal rod cooling channel arranged in the length of said rod, said channel emerging axially or radially from said rod while a fluid of cooling from a source of cooling fluid can flow in said channel.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend une chambre de pression qui est reliée à une source d'air sous pression et qui est fixée sur le portique de centrage ou aménagée sur ou dans ce dernier tandis qu'une tige supérieure de piston qui prolonge le piston détendeur à double effet du coté de la chambre à gaz chauds supérieure traverse la culasse supérieure via un orifice de tige supérieure aménagé dans ladite culasse et via un orifice d'accès à la chambre traversant le portique de centrage pour déboucher dans la chambre de pression de sorte que l'extrémité de ladite tige qui est la plus éloignée dudit piston reste toujours plongée dans ladite chambre quelle que soit la position dudit piston.The double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises a pressure chamber which is connected to a source of pressurized air and which is fixed to the centering gantry or arranged on or in the latter while an upper piston rod which extends the double-acting expander piston on the side of the upper hot gas chamber passes through the upper yoke via an upper stem orifice formed in said cylinder head and via an access port to the chamber passing through the centering gantry to open into the pressure chamber so that the end of said rod which is furthest from said piston is still immersed in said chamber regardless of the position of said piston.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend un carter de transmission qui est coiffé d'une platine de centrage et d'étanchéité percée d'un orifice d'accès aux moyens de transmission au travers duquel passe la tige inférieure de piston pour être reliée aux moyens de transmission, ladite platine étant rigidement fixée sur ledit carter.The double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises a transmission casing which is capped with a centering and sealing plate pierced with an access orifice to the transmission means through which the lower piston rod passes to be connected to the transmission means, said plate being rigidly fixed on said housing.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend un orifice d'accès à la chambre qui coopère avec - ou qui comporte - des moyens d'étanchéité de tige qui réalisent une étanchéité entre ledit orifice et la tige supérieure de piston.The double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises a chamber access port which cooperates with or has rod sealing means which provide a seal between said port and the upper piston rod.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend un orifice d'accès aux moyens de transmission qui coopère avec - ou qui comporte - des moyens d'étanchéité de tige qui réalisent une étanchéité entre ledit orifice et la tige inférieure de piston.The double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises an access port to the transmission means which cooperates with or has rod sealing means which provide a seal between said port and the lower piston rod.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend des moyens d'étanchéité de tige qui comprennent une étanchéité supérieure de tige et une étanchéité inférieure de tige suffisamment éloignées l'une de l'autre pour former - entre les deux dites étanchéités, - une chambre à circulation d'huile dans laquelle débouche un conduit d'amenée d'huile de refroidissement-lubrification et de laquelle repart un conduit de sortie d'huile de refroidissement-lubrification.The double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises rod sealing means which comprise an upper stem seal and a lower stem seal sufficiently far apart to form between said two seals, an oil-circulating chamber into which a cooling-lubricating oil supply duct opens and from which a cooling-lubricating oil outlet duct is released.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend des moyens d'étanchéité de tige qui coopèrent avec une bague de guidage de tige logée à l'intérieur ou en dehors de la chambre à circulation d'huile.The double-acting pressure reducing cylinder of the present invention comprises rod sealing means which cooperate with a rod guide ring housed inside or outside the oil circulation chamber.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend des moyens inférieurs de centrage du cylindre et/ou des moyens supérieurs de centrage du cylindre qui sont constitués d'un disque élastique de centrage pouvant être percé en son centre d'un trou de disque au travers duquel passe respectivement la tige inférieure de piston ou une tige supérieure de piston tandis que sa périphérie constitue une collerette de fixation de disque fixée de manière étanche respectivement sur le carter de transmission et/ou sur le portique de centrage.The double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises lower cylinder centering means and / or upper cylinder centering means which consist of a centering elastic disk which can be drilled in the center of a disk hole. through which the lower piston rod or an upper piston rod passes respectively, while its periphery constitutes a disk fixing flange sealingly fixed respectively to the transmission casing and / or the centering gantry.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend une platine de centrage et d'étanchéité qui porte les moyens inférieurs de centrage du cylindre lesquels sont constitués d'un disque élastique de centrage dont la périphérie forme une collerette de fixation de disque fixée de manière étanche sur ladite platine, ledit disque étant percé en son centre d'un trou de disque au travers duquel passe la tige inférieure de piston sans toucher ledit disque, le bord du trou de disque présentant un patin de contact circulaire qui est maintenu en contact étanche avec un cône de centrage et d'étanchéité que présente la culasse inférieure, ledit cône pouvant être mâle ou femelle, et le contact entre ledit patin et ledit cône ayant pour effet de déformer axialement et depuis son centre le disque élastique de centrage.The double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises a centering and sealing plate which carries the lower centering means of the cylinder, which consist of a resilient centering disc whose periphery forms a fixed disc fixing collar. sealingly on said platen, said disk being pierced at its center with a disk hole through which the lower piston rod passes without touching said disk, the edge of the disk hole having a circular contact pad which is kept in contact sealing with a centering and sealing cone that has the lower yoke, said cone being male or female, and the contact between said pad and said cone having the effect of axially deforming and from its center the elastic centering disk.
Le cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant la présente invention comprend des moyens supérieurs de centrage du cylindre qui sont constitués d'un disque élastique de centrage dont la périphérie forme une collerette de fixation de disque fixée de manière étanche sur le portique de centrage, ledit disque étant percé en son centre d'un trou de disque dont le bord présente un patin de contact circulaire qui est maintenu en contact étanche avec un cône de centrage et d'étanchéité que présente la culasse supérieure, ledit cône pouvant être mâle ou femelle, et le contact entre ledit patin et ledit cône ayant pour effet de déformer axialement et depuis son centre le disque élastique de centrage.The double-acting pressure-reducing cylinder according to the present invention comprises upper centering means of the cylinder which consist of an elastic centering disk whose periphery forms a disk-fixing flange sealingly fixed to the centering gantry, said disk being pierced at its center with a disk hole whose edge has a circular contact pad which is kept in sealing contact with a centering and sealing cone which has the upper yoke, said cone being male or female, and the contact between said pad and said cone having the effect of axially deforming and from its center the elastic centering disk.
La description qui va suivre en regard des dessins annexés et donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs permettra de mieux comprendre l'invention, les caractéristiques qu'elle présente, et les avantages qu'elle est susceptible de procurer :
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Figure 1 est une vue tridimensionnelle de trois-quarts du cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant l'invention, et du carter de transmission sur lequel il est fixé. -
Figure 2 est une vue tridimensionnelle de face et en écorché du cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant l'invention, ladite vue représentant également le carter de transmission sur lequel est fixé le fût de cylindre ainsi que le piston détendeur à double effet et les moyens de transmission hébergés dans ledit carter, lesdits moyens étant selon cet exemple de réalisation constitués d'une bielle articulée sur une manivelle reliée à un vilebrequin, et d'une crosse. -
Figure 3 est une coupe schématique longitudinale du cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant l'invention selon une variante de réalisation identique à celle présentée enfigure 2 . -
Figures 4 est une vue tridimensionnelle éclatée du cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant l'invention, et selon une variante de réalisation identique à celle présentée enfigure 2 . -
Figure 5 est une vue latérale du cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant l'invention mettant en évidence au moyen d'une coupe la configuration particulière du pilier évidé, de la tige de traction et des diverses liaisons rotules avec lesquelles coopèrent ces deux organes, ladite coupe étant agrandie et sectionnée dans la partie droite de ladite figure pour en faciliter la compréhension. -
Figure 6 est une vue en coupe schématique de la platine de centrage et d'étanchéité du cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant l'invention, du disque élastique de centrage, et des moyens d'étanchéité de tige ces derniers coopérant avec la tige inférieure de piston. -
Figure 7 est une vue en coupe schématique d'une partie du portique de centrage du cylindre détendeur à double effet suivant l'invention, du disque élastique de centrage fixé sur ledit portique, et des moyens d'étanchéité de tige qui coopèrent avec la tige supérieure de piston qui débouche - selon cet exemple particulier de réalisation - dans une chambre de pression.
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Figure 1 is a three-dimensional three-quarter view of the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the invention, and the transmission case on which it is fixed. -
Figure 2 is a three-dimensional front and cutaway view of the double-acting pressure reducer cylinder according to the invention, said view also showing the transmission casing on which is fixed the cylinder barrel as well as the double-acting expander piston and the hosted transmission means in said casing, said means being according to this embodiment consisting of a rod articulated on a crank connected to a crankshaft, and a butt. -
Figure 3 is a schematic longitudinal section of the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the invention according to an embodiment variant identical to that presented in FIG.figure 2 . -
Figures 4 is an exploded three-dimensional view of the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the invention, and according to an embodiment variant identical to that presented in FIG.figure 2 . -
Figure 5 is a side view of the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the invention showing by means of a section the particular configuration of the hollow pillar, the pulling rod and the various ball joints with which cooperate these two bodies, said section being enlarged and sectioned in the right part of said figure to facilitate understanding. -
Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the centering and sealing plate of the double-acting expander cylinder according to the invention, the elastic centering disc, and rod sealing means the latter cooperating with the lower piston rod. -
Figure 7 is a schematic sectional view of a portion of the centering gantry of the double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to the invention, of the elastic centering disk fixed on said gantry, and rod sealing means which cooperate with the upper rod of piston which opens - according to this particular embodiment - in a pressure chamber.
On a montré en
Comme le montrent clairement les
On remarque qu'en alternative, lesdits moyens 3 pourraient aussi être constitués d'une came, d'une pompe hydraulique émettrice, d'un générateur d'électricité ou de tout autre moyen de transmission connu de l'homme de l'art.It will be noted that, alternatively, said means 3 could also consist of a cam, a hydraulic transmitting pump, an electricity generator or any other transmission means known to those skilled in the art.
On note que - comme l'illustrent les
On note, toujours en
Les
On y constate qu'une première extrémité de pilier 15 du pilier évidé 13 repose directement ou indirectement sur le carter de transmission 8 tandis qu'une deuxième extrémité de pilier 16 dudit pilier 13 supporte directement ou indirectement le fût de cylindre 71, la culasse inférieure 9 et la culasse supérieure 10.It can be seen that a first pillar end 15 of the
En outre, le cylindre détendeur à double effet 1 à support adaptatif selon l'invention prévoit que la première extrémité de pilier 15 peut pivoter autour d'une liaison rotule 42 et/ou fléchir par rapport audit carter 8 tandis que la deuxième extrémité de pilier 16 peut pivoter autour d'une liaison rotule 42 et/ou fléchir par rapport audit fût de cylindre 71, le pivotement desdites extrémités 15, 16 pouvant s'opérer soit au moyen d'une liaison mécanique de type pivot ou cardan ou d'une liaison rotule 42, soit par la flexion de tout ou partie du pilier évidé 13, soit par les deux.In addition, the double-acting
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier du cylindre détendeur à double effet 1 selon l'invention, le pilier évidé 13 peut être réalisé en dioxyde de zirconium dit « zircone », cette céramique offrant une bonne résistance mécanique à haute température, une faible conductivité thermique, et un coefficient de dilatation proche de celui de l'acier.According to a particular embodiment of the double-acting
On remarque qu'avantageusement, pour éviter que le rapport volumétrique de la chambre à gaz chauds inférieure 11 et de la chambre à gaz chauds supérieure 12 ne varie de manière trop importante durant le réchauffement du fût de cylindre 71, ce dernier peut reposer sur la deuxième extrémité de pilier 16 approximativement à hauteur du piston détendeur à double effet 2 lorsque ce dernier est positionné à la moitié de sa course. Ainsi, lorsque le fût de cylindre 71 se dilate sous l'effet de sa montée en température, la culasse inférieure 9 et la culasse supérieure 10 s'éloignent approximativement de la même distance par rapport à la position médiane du piston détendeur à double effet 2.It is noted that advantageously, to prevent the volumetric ratio of the lower hot gas chamber 11 and the upper
Les
On note que le pivotement desdites extrémités 18, 19 peut s'opérer soit au moyen d'une liaison mécanique de type pivot ou cardan ou d'une liaison rotule 42, soit par la flexion de tout ou partie de la tige de traction 17, soit par les deux.It is noted that the pivoting of said ends 18, 19 can be effected either by means of a mechanical connection of pivot or cardan type or of a ball joint 42, or by the flexion of all or part of the
On remarque que pour être arrimée au fût de cylindre 71 et/ou aux dites culasses 9, 10, la deuxième extrémité de tige 19 peut traverser un orifice d'oreille 24 que comprend une oreille de fixation 25 que présente ledit fût 71 et/ou lesdites culasses 9, 10, cependant que soit une tête de tige 28 soit un écrou de tige 26 vissé sur un filetage de tige 29 aménagé sur la tige de traction 17 prend appui sur ladite oreille 25 de sorte à enserrer cette dernière entre ladite tête 28 ou ledit écrou 26, et le pilier évidé 13.Note that to be secured to the
On note d'ailleurs que la première extrémité de tige 18 peut être arrimée au carter de transmission 8 également au moyen d'une tête de tige 28, ou d'un écrou de tige 26 vissé sur un filetage de tige 29. En alternative, ledit filetage de tige 29 peut être vissé dans un taraudage 27 directement ou indirectement réalisé dans le carter de transmission 8.It should be noted that the
Selon un mode particulier de réalisation du cylindre détendeur à double effet 1 selon l'invention, un ressort de compression peut être intercalé soit entre la tête de tige 28 ou l'écrou de tige 26 et l'oreille de fixation 25, soit entre ladite tête 28 ou toute autre pièce taraudée dans laquelle se visse le filetage de tige 29, et toute autre pièce d'appui. Ledit ressort de compression peut être constitué par exemple d'une ou plusieurs rondelle(s) « Belleville ».According to a particular embodiment of the double-acting
Un tel ressort de compression peut notamment limiter la tension à laquelle est soumise la tige de traction 17 lorsque les divers organes qu'elle maintient serrés entre eux se dilatent sous l'effet de leur montée en température. Dans tous les cas, avantageusement, le fût de cylindre 71, la culasse inférieure 9 et la culasse supérieure 10 doivent être préférablement recouverts d'au moins un écran thermique qui limite les émissions de chaleur desdits organes 71, 9 et 10 dans l'environnement, ledit écran pouvant par exemple être constitué de plusieurs couches de feuilles métalliques de faible épaisseur comportant des picots qui laissent entre chaque dite feuille une lame d'air, ou être constitué de tout autre aménagement propre aux écrans thermiques et connu de l'homme de l'art.Such a compression spring can in particular limit the tension to which the
On note qu'à titre d'équivalent technique et de variante du cylindre détendeur à double effet 1 selon l'invention, la tige de traction 17 peut être juxtaposée au pilier évidé 13 qui en ce cas peut ne pas être traversé de part en part dans le sens de sa longueur par un tunnel de tige 14 tandis que la fonction même de ladite tige 17 et dudit pilier 13 reste inchangée et que les liaisons rotule 42 avec lesquelles coopère ladite tige 17 et ledit pilier 13 produisent les mêmes effets.It is noted that as technical equivalent and variant of the double-acting
Les
Les
Les
Les
On note qu'une pompe à fluide non-représentée peut être prévue pour forcer le fluide de refroidissement 31 à circuler dans le tube de refroidissement de tige 30, ladite pompe pouvant continuer à fonctionner un certain temps après l'arrêt de la machine thermique à laquelle s'applique le cylindre détendeur à double effet 1 suivant l'invention.Note that a fluid pump not shown can be provided to force the cooling
Cette dernière disposition permet par exemple d'évacuer la chaleur que le fût de cylindre 71 et ses culasses 9, 10 sont susceptibles de continuer à transmettre durant leur refroidissement à la tige de traction 17. On remarque d'ailleurs qu'une fois sorti du tube de refroidissement de tige 30, le fluide de refroidissement 31 peut être refroidi par un échangeur de chaleur avant d'être à nouveau réintroduit dans ledit tube 30, ou renouvelé.This last arrangement makes it possible, for example, to evacuate the heat that the
Toujours en
Selon une variante particulière de réalisation du cylindre détendeur à double effet 1 selon l'invention, la collerette de tube 34 peut être maintenue serrée par la tige de traction 17 contre l'oreille de fixation 25 par l'intermédiaire d'un raccord Banjo 38 qui comporte au moins un conduit radial de raccord 39 relié à la source de fluide de refroidissement 40 d'une part, et communiquant avec l'intérieur du tube de refroidissement de tige 30 d'autre part.According to a particular variant embodiment of the double-acting
On note que le conduit radial de raccord 39 peut être relié à la source de fluide de refroidissement 40 ou à d'autres conduits radiaux de raccord 39 que comporte le raccord Banjo 38 d'autres tubes de refroidissement de tige 30 au moyen d'un conduit souple ou déformable qui peut s'accommoder des variations de distance induites par la dilatation thermique des différents organes qui constituent le cylindre détendeur à double effet 1 suivant l'invention.It will be noted that the
Comme on le remarque en
On note que la rehausse d'isolation thermique 68 peut avantageusement être réalisée dans un matériau résistant aux températures élevées et offrant une faible conductivité thermique tel que le dioxyde de zirconium.It is noted that the
Les
Le tube de refroidissement de tige 30 peut en outre comporter au moins une restriction de diamètre de tube 36 constituée d'une portion axiale dudit tube 30 dont le diamètre est sensiblement équivalent voire légèrement inférieur à celui du corps de la tige de traction 17 afin de réaliser localement une étanchéité entre ledit tube 30 et ladite tige 17.The
On notera aussi que comme illustré en
A titre de variante non-représentée, on notera que la tige de traction 17 peut être creuse pour former un canal interne de refroidissement de tige aménagé dans la longueur de ladite tige 17, ledit canal débouchant axialement ou radialement de ladite tige 17 tandis qu'un fluide de refroidissement 31 provenant d'une source de fluide de refroidissement 40 peut circuler dans ledit canal.As a variant not shown, it will be noted that the
Les
Cette configuration particulière du cylindre détendeur à double effet 1 suivant l'invention permet par exemple d'approvisionner en air comprimé - notamment via la chambre de pression 44 et un canal interne que comporte la tige supérieure de piston 47 - des moyens d'étanchéité 48 tels qu'un anneau continu perforé 49 à coussin d'air logé dans une gorge de segment aménagée en périphérie du piston détendeur à double effet 2, lesdits moyens 48 pouvant être similaires ou identiques à ceux décrits dans les demandes de brevet français n°
En
En
De manière analogue, les
C'est sur les
On note sur lesdites figures que la chambre à circulation d'huile 58 assure la double fonction de lubrifier et de refroidir la tige inférieure de piston 46 et/ou la tige supérieure de piston 47. On remarque en outre que l'étanchéité supérieure de tige 56 et/ou l'étanchéité inférieure de tige 57 peut être notamment constituée d'un segment à coupe ou de deux segments à coupe superposés et dont les coupes sont angulairement décalées tandis que la surface externe de la tige inférieure de piston 46 et/ou de la tige supérieure de piston 47 peut être pourvue de rayures de faible profondeur en double hélice qui forment une succession de réservoirs d'huile et de surfaces de portance hydrodynamique.It is noted in said figures that the
En
En
On remarque d'ailleurs que si les moyens de transmission 3 comprennent une crosse 7, les moyens d'étanchéité de tige 55 sont préférentiellement munis d'une bague de guidage de tige 62 lorsqu'ils s'appliquent à la tige supérieure de piston 47 tandis que le guidage radial de la tige inférieure de piston 46 est assuré par ladite crosse 7 seule.Note also that if the transmission means 3 comprise a
En
Les
On note que la collerette de fixation de disque 65 peut être fixée à la platine de centrage et d'étanchéité 53 au moyen d'au moins une vis, un clip, ou de tout autre moyen de fixation connu de l'homme de l'art. On remarque qu'avantageusement, le disque élastique de centrage 63 peut être réalisé dans un matériau résistant aux températures élevées et offrant une faible conductivité thermique tel que le dioxyde de zirconium.It should be noted that the
En alternative, le disque élastique de centrage 63 peut être fixé sur la culasse inférieure 9 cependant que le cône de centrage et d'étanchéité 66 est aménagé sur ou dans la platine de centrage et d'étanchéité 53.Alternatively, the centering
De manière similaire, on remarque en
On notera que la collerette de fixation de disque 65 peut être fixée au portique de centrage 22 au moyen d'au moins une vis, un clip, ou tout autre moyen de fixation connu de l'homme de l'art.It should be noted that the
On remarque aussi que si le piston détendeur à double effet 2 est prolongé - du coté de la chambre à gaz chauds supérieure 12 - par une tige supérieure de piston 47, cette dernière traverse le trou de disque 64 sans toucher le disque élastique de centrage 63.Note also that if the double-acting
On remarquera en outre qu'avantageusement, le disque élastique de centrage 63 peut être réalisé dans un matériau résistant aux températures élevées et offrant une faible conductivité thermique tel que le dioxyde de zirconium.It will further be appreciated that advantageously, the resilient centering
En alternative, le disque élastique de centrage 63 peut être fixé sur la culasse supérieure 10 cependant que le cône de centrage et d'étanchéité 66 est aménagé sur ou dans le portique de centrage 22.Alternatively, the resilient centering
On peut aussi noter qu'en alternative à ce qui vient d'être décrit et qu'il s'agisse des moyens inférieurs de centrage du cylindre 20 ou des moyens supérieurs de centrage du cylindre 21, un patin de contact similaire à celui que présente le trou de disque 64 peut être aménagé respectivement soit sur la culasse inférieure 9 soit sur la culasse supérieure 10 tandis qu'un cône de centrage et d'étanchéité similaire à celui que présentent lesdites culasses 9, 10 est aménagé sur et/ou dans le disque élastique de centrage 63.It may also be noted that, as an alternative to what has just been described and whether it is the lower centering means of the
On remarque qu'à titre de variante, le disque élastique de centrage 63 peut être constitué par exemple d'un tore fendu ou non fait d'acier ou d'un superalliage, d'une rondelle expansible constituée ou non de multiples plis empilés radialement et faits d'une même pièce de métal ou de céramique, d'au moins trois pointeaux poussés par un ressort, répartis tous les cent vingt degrés et coopérant avec un segment d'étanchéité, et de façon générale, de toute solution technique capable d'assurer un centrage et une étanchéité dans les conditions fonctionnelles recherchées tout en limitant les fuites calorifiques depuis toute pièce chaude vers toute pièce froide.It will be noted that, by way of a variant, the resilient centering
Le fonctionnement du cylindre détendeur à double effet 1 à support adaptatif selon l'invention se comprend aisément à la vue des
Pour détailler ledit fonctionnement, nous supposerons ici que le cylindre détendeur à double effet 1 s'applique au moteur thermique à transfert-détente et régénération dont les demandes de brevet français n°
Lorsque ledit moteur démarre, le fût de cylindre 71 du cylindre détendeur à double effet 1 selon l'invention monte rapidement en température par rapport au carter de transmission 8 sur lequel il est fixé, ledit carter 8 hébergeant les moyens de transmission 3. Il en est de même pour le piston détendeur à double effet 2 qui coopère avec ledit fût 71, ainsi que pour la culasse inférieure 9 qui ferme l'extrémité du fût 71 du coté des moyens de transmission 3, et pour la culasse supérieure 10 qui ferme l'autre extrémité du fût 71.When said engine starts, the
On remarque en
On supposera ici que la température du fût de cylindre 71, du piston détendeur à double effet 2, de la culasse inférieure 9 et de la culasse supérieure 10 atteint par exemple neuf cents degrés Celsius cependant que la température du carter de transmission 8 et des moyens de transmission 3 qu'il héberge reste limitée à cent degrés Celsius.It will be assumed here that the temperature of the
La température élevée dudit fût 71, dudit piston 2, et desdites culasses 9, 10 est nécessaire pour conférer au moteur thermique à transfert-détente et régénération le meilleur rendement possible, tandis que le maintien à relativement basse température du carter de transmission 8 et des moyens de transmission 3 est nécessaire pour que ces derniers conservent une résistance mécanique élevée et pour que la lubrification des différents organes qui les constituent soit possible sans risque de cokéfaction de toute huile de lubrification.The high temperature of said
On note que le fût de cylindre 71, le piston détendeur à double effet 2, la culasse inférieure 9 et la culasse supérieure 10 sont par exemple principalement réalisés en carbure de silicium qui possède une résistance mécanique élevée à haute température, tandis que le carter de transmission 8 peut être fait d'aluminium et les moyens de transmission 3 peuvent être réalisés en fonte ou en acier.It should be noted that the
Malgré que le coefficient de dilatation thermique du carbure de silicium soit inférieur à celui de l'aluminium ou de l'acier, les composants portés à neuf cents degrés Celsius se dilatent davantage que ceux portés à seulement cent degrés Celsius. Il est donc nécessaire de laisser les composants en carbure de silicium se dilater librement par rapport à ceux faits d'aluminium, de fonte ou d'acier sans pour autant induire de contrainte mécanique excessive ni dans le carbure de silicium, ni dans les autres matériaux.Although the coefficient of thermal expansion of silicon carbide is lower than that of aluminum or steel, components at nine hundred degrees Celsius expand more than those worn at only one hundred degrees Celsius. It is therefore necessary to let the silicon carbide components expand freely compared to those made of aluminum, cast iron or steel without inducing excessive mechanical stress in silicon carbide or other materials. .
Ceci doit pouvoir se faire tout en garantissant que les efforts appliqués au piston détendeur à double effet 2 par la pression régnant alternativement dans la chambre à gaz chauds inférieure 11 puis dans la chambre à gaz chauds supérieure 12 soient bien transmis par la tige inférieure de piston 46 à la bielle 4 via la crosse 7.This must be possible while ensuring that the forces applied to the double-acting
On note que lesdits efforts tendent à éloigner le fût de cylindre 71 du carter de transmission 8 lorsque la pression des gaz est haute dans la chambre à gaz chauds supérieure 12 le piston détendeur à double effet 2 exerçant un effort de compression d'intensité comparable sur la bielle 4, tandis que lesdits efforts tendent à rapprocher ledit fût 71 dudit carter 8 lorsque la pression des gaz est haute dans la chambre à gaz chauds inférieure 11 ledit piston 2 exerçant un effort de traction d'intensité comparable sur la bielle 4.It should be noted that said efforts tend to move the
C'est pour reprendre ces efforts de traction et de compression appliqués au fût de cylindre 71 et plus précisément à culasse inférieure 9 et à la culasse supérieure 10 avec lesquelles il coopère, que ledit fût 71 est relié au carter de transmission 8 par des piliers évidés 13 représentés en
Comme illustré de manière particulièrement visible en
La
Selon l'exemple de réalisation du cylindre détendeur à double effet 1 suivant l'invention illustré en
Les
Ainsi, les différentes liaisons rotules 42 autour desquelles s'articulent les quatre piliers évidés 13 et la tige de traction 17 avec laquelle ils coopèrent permettent au fût de cylindre 71, à la culasse inférieure 9 et à la culasse supérieure 10 de se dilater librement. Ceci s'opère cependant que les piliers évidés 13 peuvent transmettre les efforts de traction et de compression entre le fût de cylindre 71, la culasse inférieure 9 et la culasse supérieure 10 de première part, et le carter de transmission 8 de deuxième part.Thus, the
On note toutefois que cette disposition ne peut fonctionner sans les moyens inférieurs de centrage du cylindre 20 et les moyens supérieurs de centrage du cylindre 21 qui chacun laisse le fût de cylindre 71 libre de se déplacer parallèlement à son axe longitudinal par rapport au carter de transmission 8, mais interdit audit fût 71 de se déplacer dans le plan perpendiculaire audit axe, toujours par rapport audit carter 8.Note however that this arrangement can not operate without the lower centering means of the
Selon l'exemple de réalisation non-limitatif de réalisation du cylindre détendeur à double effet 1 selon l'invention illustré en
Le disque élastique de centrage 63 qui constitue les moyens inférieurs de centrage du cylindre 20 est particulièrement visible en
Les disques élastiques de centrage 63 ont pour fonction d'assurer le centrage et l'orientation par rapport au carter de transmission 8 de l'ensemble rigide constitué par le fût de cylindre 71, la culasse inférieure 9 et la culasse supérieure 10.The purpose of the elastic centering
Pour illustrer le fonctionnement des disques élastiques de centrage 63, considérons celui qui constitue les moyens inférieurs de centrage du cylindre 20 et dont le représentation est particulièrement claire en
On remarque sur ladite
On constate que ledit disque 63 est percé en son centre d'un trou de disque 64 au travers duquel passe la tige inférieure de piston 46 sans toucher ledit disque 63, le bord du trou de disque 64 présentant un patin de contact 67 mâle circulaire qui est maintenu en contact étanche avec le cône de centrage et d'étanchéité 66 femelle que présente la culasse inférieure 9. Pour assurer un contact étanche entre ledit patin 67 et ledit cône 66, ce dernier exerce un effort sur ledit patin 67 qui déforme axialement et depuis son centre le disque élastique de centrage 63 par rapport à sa position de repos.It is found that said
Comme on le déduit aisément, le contact entre la forme conique mâle du patin de contact 67 et la forme conique femelle du cône de centrage et d'étanchéité 66 tend à centrer la culasse inférieure 9 sur la platine de centrage et d'étanchéité 53. De plus, ledit contact réalise une étanchéité qui empêche les gaz sous pression contenus dans la chambre à gaz chauds inférieure 11 de s'échapper de ladite chambre 11.As can easily be deduced, the contact between the male conical shape of the
Lorsque - principalement sous l'effet de l'écart de température - l'augmentation de la dimension de l'ensemble constitué du fût de cylindre 71, de la culasse inférieure 9 et de la culasse supérieure 10 est plus importante que celle de l'ensemble constitué du carter de transmission 8, du portique de centrage 22 et des pilier rigide de portique 23, la pression qu'exerce le cône de centrage et d'étanchéité 66 femelle de la culasse inférieure 9 sur le patin de contact 67 mâle augmente ce qui déforme un peu plus axialement et depuis son centre le disque élastique de centrage 63.When - mainly under the effect of the temperature difference - the increase in the size of the assembly consisting of the
Comme les écarts de dimension dont il est question ne portent que sur des dixièmes de millimètres, la déformation axiale du disque élastique de centrage 63 ne compromet pas l'intégrité de ce dernier qui se déforme dans son domaine d'élasticité. En outre, la forme conique du cône de centrage et d'étanchéité 66 et du patin de contact 67 s'accommode des dilatations différentielles entre ces deux pièces 66, 67 quelle que soit la direction desdites dilatations.Since the dimensional differences in question relate only to tenths of a millimeter, the axial deformation of the centering
On remarque en
Ainsi, les moyens inférieurs de centrage du cylindre 20 et les moyens supérieurs de centrage du cylindre 21 coopèrent à garder le fût de cylindre 71 toujours centré autour du piston détendeur à double effet 2, et toujours parallèle à ce dernier.Thus, the lower centering means of the
On remarque en
On remarque que lesdits moyens 55 assurent aussi le refroidissement de la tige inférieure de piston 46 au moyen d'une chambre à circulation d'huile 58 dans laquelle débouche un conduit d'amenée d'huile de refroidissement-lubrification 59 et de laquelle repart un conduit de sortie d'huile de refroidissement-lubrification 60. Il est aisé de remarquer que le débit d'huile qui circule entre lesdits conduits 59, 60 étant en permanence en contact avec la tige inférieure de piston 46, ledit débit permet de maintenir ladite tige 46 à une température par exemple légèrement supérieure à cent degrés Celsius, mais pas plus élevée.It will be noted that said means 55 also ensure the cooling of the
Toujours en
La
Quand le moteur thermique à transfert-détente et régénération pris ici à titre d'exemple d'application s'arrête, on note que la pompe à huile qui alimente les chambres à circulation d'huile 58 continue à alimenter ces dernières en huile pour refroidir la tige inférieure de piston 46 et la tige supérieure de piston 47 et ceci, tant que la culasse inférieure 9 et la culasse supérieure 10 continuent à transmettre de la chaleur auxdites chambres 58 et risquent de porter l'huile que contiennent lesdites chambres 58 à température de cokéfaction.When the heat transfer engine-relaxation and regeneration taken here as an example of application stops, it is noted that the oil pump that supplies the
Outre permettre la libre dilatation de l'ensemble rigide constitué par le fût de cylindre 71, la culasse inférieure 9 et la culasse supérieure 10, la configuration particulière du cylindre détendeur à double effet 1 selon l'invention limite fortement le transfert de chaleur depuis la culasse inférieure 9 vers le carter de transmission 8. Rappelons que ledit transfert nuit au rendement du moteur thermique à transfert-détente et régénération. Pour cela, les piliers évidés 13 sont non seulement de grande longueur comme illustré en
En
On remarque en zone « A » de la
On remarque en
En
On comprend que la rehausse d'isolation thermique 68 - préférablement réalisée en oxyde de zirconium - constitue un obstacle supplémentaire au transfert de chaleur depuis la culasse supérieure 10 portée à quelque neuf cents degrés Celsius vers la tête de tige 28 maintenue à seulement cent degrés Celsius.It is understood that the thermal insulation riser 68 - preferably made of zirconium oxide - constitutes an additional obstacle to the transfer of heat from the
En tout état de cause, cette configuration particulière qui permet de refroidir la tige de traction 17 est inutile si cette dernière est réalisée en matériau résistant aux hautes températures tel que le « zircone », le carbure de silicium, l'alumine ou tout superalliage spécifiquement développé pour ce type d'usage.In any case, this particular configuration which makes it possible to cool the
En
Les possibilités du cylindre détendeur à double effet 1 suivant l'invention ne s'en limitent pas aux applications qui viennent d'être décrites et il doit d'ailleurs être entendu que la description qui précède n'a été donnée qu'à titre d'exemple.The possibilities of the double-acting
Claims (19)
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder (1) with adaptive support comprising a cylinder shaft (71), cooperating with a double-acting pressure reducing piston (2) which is connected by a lower piston rod (46) to means of transmission (3) installed in a transmission casing (8) to which the cylinder shaft (71) is secured, while the end of said shaft (71) which emerges from the side of said means (3) is closed by a lower cylinder head (9) through which the lower piston rod (46) passes via a lower rod opening (51) to define with the double-acting pressure reducing piston (2) a lower chamber of hot gases (11), while the other end of said shaft (71) is closed by an upper cylinder head (10) to define with said piston (2) an upper chamber of hot gases (12), characterized in that it comprises:• At least one hollow pillar (13) through which passes entirely in the direction of its length a rod tunnel (14), a first pillar end (15) of said pillar (13) resting directly or indirectly on the transmission casing (8), while a second pillar end (16) of said pillar (13) directly or indirectly supports the cylinder shaft (71), the lower cylinder head (9) and the upper cylinder head (10), while said first end (15) can pivot about a ball joint (42) and/or bend in relation to said casing (8), while said second end (16) can pivot about a ball joint (42) and/or bend in relation to said cylinder shaft (71);• At least one tie rod (17), installed in the rod tunnel (14), a first rod end (18) of said tie rod (17) being directly or indirectly secured to the transmission casing (8), while a second rod end (19) of said tie rod (17) is secured to the cylinder shaft (71) and/or to the lower cylinder head (9) and/or to the upper cylinder head (10), said first end (18) being able to pivot about a ball joint (42) and/or bend in relation to said casing (8), while said second end (19) can pivot about a ball joint (42) and/or bend in relation to said cylinder (1);• Lower cylinder centering means (20) positioned near the lower cylinder head (9), said means (20) bearing against the cylinder shaft (71) or the lower cylinder head (9), on the one hand, and directly or indirectly against the transmission casing (8) on the other hand, and said means (20) leaving the cylinder shaft (71) free to move in parallel with its longitudinal axis in relation to the transmission casing (8), yet preventing said shaft (71) from moving in the plane perpendicular to said axis, again with respect to said casing (8);• Upper cylinder centering means (21) positioned near the upper cylinder head (10), said means (21) bearing against the cylinder shaft (71) or the upper cylinder head (10), on the one hand, and against a centering frame (22) rigidly fixed to the transmission casing (8) and maintained at a height near that of the upper cylinder head (10) by at least one rigid frame pillar (23), on the other hand, said means (21) leaving the cylinder shaft (71) free to move in parallel with its longitudinal axis in relation to the transmission casing (8), yet preventing said shaft (71) from moving in the plane perpendicular to said axis, again with respect to said casing (8).
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one rod cooling tube (30) which tightly surrounds the tie rod (17) for all or part of the length of said rod (17), a cooling fluid (31) coming from a source of cooling fluid (40) being able to circulate in a space left free between the internal wall of said tube (30) and the outer surface of said rod (17), while the largest possible portion of the outer surface of said tube (30) does not touch the internal wall of the rod tunnel (14) so as to define with the latter wall an empty space.
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises at least one first tube feed opening (32) which communicates with the interior of the rod cooling tube (30) in the vicinity of the first rod end (18), and/or at least one second tube feed opening (33) which communicates with the interior of the rod cooling tube (30) in the vicinity of the second rod end (19), the cooling fluid (31) being able to circulate between the two said openings (32, 33).
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that the rod cooling tube (30) has a tube collar (34) held directly or indirectly clamped by the tie rod (17) either against a fixation lug (25) on the cylinder shaft (71) or the upper cylinder head (10), or against the transmission casing (8).
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 4, characterized in that the tube collar (34) is held clamped by the tie rod (17) against the fixation lug (25) by means of a Banjo fitting (38), which has at least one radial connection conduit (39) connected to the source of cooling fluid (40) on the one hand, and communicating with the interior of the rod cooling tube (30) on the other hand.
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 4, characterized in that a thermal insulation spacer which (68) is inserted between the tube collar (34) and the fixation lug (25), said spacer (68) being traversed from one end to the other in the direction of its length by a spacer tunnel (69) in which is installed the tie rod (17) and the rod cooling tube (30) which surrounds it in tight manner, while the largest possible portion of the outer surface of said tube (30) does not touch the internal wall of the spacer tunnel (69) so as to define with the latter wall an empty space.
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that the rod cooling tube (30) has at least one tube bulge (35) constituted by an axial portion of said tube (30) whose diameter is essentially equivalent to or slightly greater than that of the rod tunnel (14) in which it is installed.
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that the rod cooling tube (30) has at least one constriction of tube diameter (36) constituted by an axial portion of said tube (30) whose diameter is essentially equivalent to or slightly less than that of the body of the tie rod (17).
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that the rod cooling tube (30) has at least one radial communication hole (37) which allows the cooling fluid (31) to enter said tube (30), or to exit from it.
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the tie rod (17) is hollow to form an internal rod cooling channel disposed in the length of said rod (17), said channel emerging axially or radially from said rod (17), while a cooling fluid (31) coming from a source of cooling fluid (40) can circulate in said channel.
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that a pressure chamber (44) connected to a source of pressurized air (45) is secured to the centering frame (22) or disposed on or in the latter, while an upper piston rod (47) which prolongs the double-acting pressure reducing piston (2) on the side of the upper chamber of hot gases (12) passes through the upper cylinder head (10) via an upper rod opening (43) disposed in said cylinder head (10) and via an access opening to the chamber (52) passing through the centering frame (22) to emerge in the pressure chamber (44) such that the end of said rod (47) which is furthest away from said piston (2) always remains plunged inside said chamber (44) regardless of the position of said piston (2).
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission casing (8) is topped by a centering and sealing plate (53), pierced by an access opening to the means of transmission (54) through which passes the lower piston rod (46) in order to be connected to the means of transmission (3), said plate (53) being rigidly fixed to said casing (8).
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 11, characterized in that the access opening to the chamber (52) cooperates with - or comprises - rod sealing means (55) which provide a seal between said opening (52) and the upper piston rod (47).
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 12, characterized in that the access opening to the means of transmission (54) cooperates with - or comprises - rod sealing means (55) which provide a seal between said opening (54) and the lower piston rod (46).
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the rod sealing means (55) include an upper rod seal (56) and a lower rod seal (57) sufficiently distant from each other to form - between the two said seals (56, 57) - an oil circulation chamber (58) into which empties a conduit for supply of cooling and lubricating oil (59) and from which emerges an outlet conduit for cooling and lubricating oil (60).
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 15, characterized in that the rod sealing means (55) cooperate with a rod guide bushing (62) installed inside or outside of the oil circulation chamber (58).
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower centering means of the cylinder (20) and/or the upper centering means of the cylinder (21) are comprised by an elastic centering disk (63) which can be pierced at its center by a disk hole (64) through which passes, respectively, the lower piston rod (46) or an upper piston rod (47), while its periphery is comprised of a disk fixation collar (65) secured in tight manner respectively to the transmission casing (8) and/or to the centering frame (22).
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 12, characterized in that the centering and sealing plate (53) carries the lower centering means of the cylinder (20), which are comprised of an elastic centering disk (63) whose periphery forms a disk fixation collar (65), secured in tight manner to said plate (53), said disk (63) being pierced at its center by a disk hole (64) through which passes the lower piston rod (46) without touching said disk (63), the edge of the disk hole (64) having a circular contact pad (67) which is maintained in tight contact with a centering and sealing cone (66) on the lower cylinder head (9), said cone (66) being either male or female, and the contact between said pad (67) and said cone (66) having the effect of deforming the elastic centering disk (63) axially and from its center.
- Double-acting pressure reducing cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper centering means of the cylinder (21) are comprised of an elastic centering disk (63) whose periphery forms a disk fixation collar (65), secured in tight manner to the centering frame (22), said disk (63) being pierced at its center by a disk hole (64) whose edge has a circular contact pad (67) which is maintained in tight contact with a centering and sealing cone (66) on the upper cylinder head (10), said cone (66) being either male or female, and the contact between said pad (67) and said cone (66) having the effect of deforming the elastic centering disk (63) axially and from its center.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1558585A FR3041040B1 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2015-09-14 | DOUBLE EFFECT RETRACTOR CYLINDER WITH ADAPTIVE SUPPORT |
PCT/FR2016/052232 WO2017046479A1 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2016-09-07 | Dual-acting expansion cylinder with adaptive support |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3350433A1 EP3350433A1 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
EP3350433B1 true EP3350433B1 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
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EP16775804.4A Active EP3350433B1 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2016-09-07 | Dual-acting expansion cylinder with adaptive support |
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EP (1) | EP3350433B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6876035B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102675206B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108138694B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2016321973B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2998581C (en) |
ES (1) | ES2751760T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3041040B1 (en) |
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US12000357B2 (en) | 2022-02-11 | 2024-06-04 | Vianney Rabhi | Reciprocating heat engine with hot cylinder head and cold cylinder |
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US10704431B2 (en) | 2017-10-03 | 2020-07-07 | Vianney Rabhi | Regenerative valve hydraulic actuator |
US11255319B2 (en) * | 2019-03-09 | 2022-02-22 | Neo Mechanics Limited | Shaft-cylinder assembly for high temperature operation |
US11187184B2 (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2021-11-30 | Vianney Rabhi | Articulated plenum for transfer-expansion-regeneration combustion engine |
FR3094416B1 (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2021-03-05 | Vianney Rabhi | ARTICULATED PLENUM |
FR3132747B1 (en) | 2022-02-11 | 2024-01-05 | Vianney Rabhi | Double-acting multi-temperature piston |
FR3132737A1 (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-08-18 | Vianney Rabhi | ALTERNATIVE THERMAL ENGINE |
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2015
- 2015-09-14 FR FR1558585A patent/FR3041040B1/en active Active
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2016
- 2016-09-07 ES ES16775804T patent/ES2751760T3/en active Active
- 2016-09-07 WO PCT/FR2016/052232 patent/WO2017046479A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-09-07 KR KR1020187009338A patent/KR102675206B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2016-09-07 CA CA2998581A patent/CA2998581C/en active Active
- 2016-09-07 JP JP2018513286A patent/JP6876035B2/en active Active
- 2016-09-07 CN CN201680056803.6A patent/CN108138694B/en active Active
- 2016-09-07 AU AU2016321973A patent/AU2016321973B2/en active Active
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US12000357B2 (en) | 2022-02-11 | 2024-06-04 | Vianney Rabhi | Reciprocating heat engine with hot cylinder head and cold cylinder |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3041040A1 (en) | 2017-03-17 |
KR102675206B1 (en) | 2024-06-13 |
AU2016321973B2 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
KR20180052657A (en) | 2018-05-18 |
AU2016321973A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
CN108138694B (en) | 2020-11-06 |
ES2751760T3 (en) | 2020-04-01 |
JP2018530697A (en) | 2018-10-18 |
CA2998581A1 (en) | 2017-03-23 |
JP6876035B2 (en) | 2021-05-26 |
CN108138694A (en) | 2018-06-08 |
FR3041040B1 (en) | 2017-11-03 |
WO2017046479A1 (en) | 2017-03-23 |
CA2998581C (en) | 2023-12-12 |
EP3350433A1 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
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