WO2016019918A1 - 一种膨胀联接结构及联接方法、膨胀联接组件 - Google Patents

一种膨胀联接结构及联接方法、膨胀联接组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016019918A1
WO2016019918A1 PCT/CN2015/086418 CN2015086418W WO2016019918A1 WO 2016019918 A1 WO2016019918 A1 WO 2016019918A1 CN 2015086418 W CN2015086418 W CN 2015086418W WO 2016019918 A1 WO2016019918 A1 WO 2016019918A1
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Prior art keywords
expansion
driving
expansion sleeve
hole
sleeve
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PCT/CN2015/086418
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杨东佐
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杨东佐
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Publication of WO2016019918A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016019918A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
    • F16B13/06—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an expansion coupling structure and a coupling method, an expansion coupling assembly, which can replace two or more objects mechanically and statically, and an expansion joint, and particularly relates to a detachable mechanical static coupling aircraft, a ship, High requirements, harsh environments or heavy loads on critical parts of machinery, equipment, aerospace equipment, aircraft carriers, spacecraft, rockets, engines, nuclear reactors, trains, high-speed rail, railroad tracks, steel structures, steel bridges, automobiles, etc.
  • An expansion joint structure and a joint method for connecting mechanical parts, and an expansion joint assembly are examples of mechanical parts, and an expansion joint assembly.
  • the existing detachable mechanical static joints are generally threaded connections, keyed connections, pinned connections, expanded screw connections, etc., the most widely used being threaded connections.
  • the threaded connections need to be tightened.
  • the connection force between the threaded nut and the bolt is mainly manifested by the static friction generated by the pre-tightening force when tightening the thread and the bolt. Therefore, for the threaded connection of key objects, the preload force must be controlled to ensure the reliability of the work.
  • the second is the failure of the threaded connection caused by common fatigue damage.
  • the threaded connection is subjected to an alternating load and the pre-tightening force in the connection causes the connection to be loose.
  • the cyclic alternating load acts on the bolts that are only connected, the bolts are fatigue cracked or even broken due to the large alternating stress. Fatigue failure usually occurs in areas where stress concentration is severe, such as: screw head, thread closing end, thread at the screw support plane, and transition corners of the screw.
  • the third is the creep that causes the threaded connection to fail at high temperatures.
  • Creep refers to the slow plastic deformation of a metal material over a long period of time under constant temperature and constant stress. Creep can occur at stresses that are less than the yield limit of the material. At low temperatures, the creep is not obvious, and only when a certain temperature (about 3/10 of the melting temperature of the material) is reached becomes significant. Creep can cause failure of the threaded connection at high temperatures. In order to eliminate creep, compensation measures are taken when the connection is assembled at room temperature, such as increasing the preload, or pre-tightening the bolts.
  • fretting wear causes failure of the threaded connection. Fretting wear is caused by a surface that is subjected to heavy loads and with little relative motion on the other surface. Threaded connections that carry vibration are most susceptible to fretting wear.
  • the existing anti-loosening of the threaded connection is to prevent loosening by using additional static friction force, such as adding a spring washer, or using the top effect of the two nuts in the case of low speed heavy load, that is, the top nut is loosened, or in the nut.
  • additional static friction force such as adding a spring washer
  • top effect of the two nuts in the case of low speed heavy load, that is, the top nut is loosened, or in the nut.
  • third is the most important anti-loose method, which is to improve the tensile strength of bolts and nuts, from 4.9, 8.8, 10.9, Levels 12.9 and 14.9 have been continuously improved.
  • connection between the objects relies on static friction, which cannot fundamentally solve the failure of the above-mentioned threaded connections, such as screw breaking, broken ends, thread crushing and shearing. , after the wear of the slider, etc.
  • the existing expansion screw is composed of a screw and an expansion tube, and the tail of the screw is conical, and the outer diameter of the cone is larger than the inner diameter of the expansion tube.
  • the screw cone moves toward the expansion tube, and the conical portion is moved by the axial movement of the thread , thereby forming a large positive pressure on the outer circumferential surface of the expansion tube to deform the expansion tube, and the deformation portion and the connecting object are inflated. Therefore, friction is self-locked between the connected objects, thereby achieving a fixing effect.
  • the fixing of the expansion thread connection is to use the wedge-shaped inclination to promote the expansion to generate static friction, and achieve the fixing effect.
  • a multifunctional expansion bolt for fastening members or as a built-in nut is disclosed, which is composed of an expansion plug body, an expansion core rod and a punching rod; the upper part of the expansion plug body There is a cap; the end of the expansion plug has a cross-shaped slit; the center of the expansion plug has a cylindrical threaded core hole, and the punch rod is threaded or unthreaded.
  • the expansion coupling structure comprises a light blind hole on the connecting portion of the body, and the light through hole on the connecting portion of the body, the expansion plug extends through the optical through hole on the connecting portion of the attached body into the blind hole in the connecting portion of the female body,
  • the punching rod is struck along the core hole, the expansion core rod is pushed into the wall, and the tail end is expanded, and the expansion plug body connects the female body connecting portion and the attached body connecting portion.
  • the coupling method of the expansion coupling structure comprises: when the punching rod is struck along the core hole, pushing the expansion core rod into the wall, the tail end is expanded, and the fastening function can be used; or the embedded nut can be embedded in the wall.
  • the disassembly method of the expansion joint structure includes: if the multi-purpose expansion bolt needs to be removed, it is only necessary to punch the expansion core rod through the tail end of the expansion plug body, and then pull the expansion plug body out with the pull pin, and only need to remove the expansion plug body. Drill the cap off with a power drill.
  • the expansion bolt of this structure is embedded in the mother body by the deformation of the tail end of the expanded expansion plug.
  • the expansion screw, expansion coupling structure and coupling method of the patent mainly have the following disadvantages: First, the hardness of the material of the matrix is much lower than the hardness of the material of the expansion plug, and the tail end of the expansion plug can be embedded in the mother body.
  • the scope of use is limited, and it is suitable for fastening installation or use of insert nuts on brick, tile, cement, wood structure and other inconvenient tapping components, and is not suitable for the connection of mechanical parts, especially metal mechanical parts;
  • After the expansion end of the expansion plug expands and deforms a large radial static pressing force is generated on the inner wall of the mother wall hole, and the static friction force generated by the radial pressing force and the resisting force after the deformation of the tail end of the expansion plug body will expand the plug body.
  • the parent body and the attached body are connected together to achieve the purpose of preventing loosening; since the inner diameter of the pre-drilled wall hole is usually matched with the diameter of the expansion plug body, the extent of the expansion end of the expansion plug body can be expanded.
  • the static friction force generated by the radial pressing force with the inner wall of the wall of the mother body exists only at the end section of the expansion plug body; when the load is large or used for vibration, the expansion plug body and the hole of the mother body A slight amount of sliding friction occurs between the time, and as the time increases, the amount of sliding increases, which may cause a safety accident due to loosening of the expansion bolt, or when the expansion plug is subjected to a large axial load.
  • the tail end of the expansion plug will be deformed under the force of the mother body, so that the static friction force of the tail end of the expansion plug body and the mother body and the resisting force of the expansion plug body are greatly reduced, so the expansion plug body is subjected to a larger Under the action of the axial force, the static friction between the tail end of the expansion plug and the mother body and the resisting force after the deformation of the tail end of the expansion plug body are pulled out, and the expansion plug body is pulled out from the mother body, resulting in easy failure;
  • the expansion bolt of the structure is not suitable for occasions with large load or large vibration. It is not suitable for the case where the expansion bolt installed under the parent body is subjected to a large axial load. This type of expansion is not recommended.
  • the bolt is used to fasten the ceiling fan and other objects.
  • the expansion bolt is detachable, the expansion core rod needs to be rushed over the tail end of the expansion plug body, and then the expansion plug body can be pulled out by the pull pin to disassemble. It is only necessary to drill the cap with an electric drill; on the one hand, the disassembly is troublesome, on the other hand, the expansion bolt is completely destroyed after disassembly, and can not be reused, especially since the tail end of the expansion plug is deformed by the expansion hole larger than the hole on the mother body. The mother body will be seriously damaged when disassembled.
  • Patent No. 201220208899.2 discloses an expansion screw comprising a screw (1), a wedge nut (2) and a decorative sleeve (6).
  • the screw (1) is provided with a wedge sleeve (5) and a wedge nut.
  • the wedge sleeve (5) and the wedge nut (2) are provided with two half jackets (3) opposite to each other, and a spring (4) is wound between the two half jackets (3).
  • the expansion joint structure of the structure, the two half jackets are completely installed in the mother body, and the attachment body is connected with the mother body through the tapered portion of the wedge sleeve passing through the attachment body, and then through the screw sleeve through the tapered sleeve and the wedge nut fixing. .
  • the coupling method and the dismounting method of the expansion joint structure include the following steps: drilling a hole as large as a cylindrical outer casing on a wall or a ground, inserting the expansion screw into the prefabricated hole, because the triangular wedge on the wedge nut is sandwiched by two half jackets Too, when tightening the screw, the wedge nut depends Near the wedge sleeve, the two half-shells are opened and the pre-made holes are expanded to achieve the purpose of fastening; when the screws are loosened, the wedge nut is away from the wedge sleeve, and the two half-shells are contracted together under the action of the spring, The expansion screw can be removed.
  • the expansion screw, expansion joint structure and coupling method of the patent although the expansion screw and the mother body are not damaged during disassembly, still have the following disadvantages:
  • First, the connection force between the two half jackets and the mother body is still the static friction.
  • the force, the connection between the attached body and the parent body is the pre-tightening static friction force between the screw and the wedge nut, so the force in the axial direction is small, the disadvantage of the thread connection is reflected at any time;
  • the second is the two-semi-coat It is not axially positionable in the mother.
  • Patent No. 201210245807.2 discloses a method for opening a wall hole fixing object on a building and an expansion bolt and a special cooker used in the method.
  • the method mainly comprises the following steps: drilling a blind according to a conventional method Hole; use a special cookware to pry the reaming hole with a diameter larger than the diameter of the blind hole at the bottom of the blind hole and form a stepped surface; the expansion bolt is inserted into the blind hole; the fixed object is installed; after the washer is put on, the nut is tightened with a wrench.
  • the tail of the screw gradually presses the flap of the tail of the expansion sleeve to gradually bend outward, and finally forms a flange which is hooked to the step surface.
  • the invention patent although the sliding static friction force generated by the radial pressing force between the flap of the expansion sleeve and the concrete is changed into the axial resistance of the valve to the concrete, by thickening the thickness of the flap, further
  • the method of improving the anti-dropping performance of the expansion bolt and preventing the object from falling, the method for opening the wall hole fixing object on the building and the expansion bolt and the special cooking utensil used in the method have the following disadvantages: First, the expansion sleeve tail portion The flap is formed by the deformation and the reaming, and cannot be precisely matched with the reaming.
  • the flap of the tail of the expansion sleeve is in line contact with the reaming, and the position of the flap at the end of the expansion sleeve and the reaming line are generated.
  • a large stress concentration causes the breakage at this point, and the expansion sleeve cannot be made into a high strength and is easily broken due to the need for deformation, and therefore the sliding static friction force generated by the radial pressing force between the flap of the expansion sleeve tail and the concrete It becomes the axial resistance of the valve to the concrete, but the fixing is still very unreliable;
  • the second is to ream the hole in the building, the building is made of concrete material, and the tail of the expansion sleeve
  • the large stress generated by the line contact position of the flap causes the concrete to fall off, and a large axial gap is easily generated between the parent body, the attached body and the expansion bolt, which seriously affects the fixing effect; the third is between the attached body and the parent body.
  • Patent No. 201120031423.1 discloses a rapid expansion anchor bolt, and a plurality of outer sleeve anti-skid projections are arranged on the outer sleeve tensioning blade, and the anti-slip projection only acts to increase static friction, and there is no
  • the function of the resistance is also a threaded connection with all the disadvantages of the threaded connection.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problems in the threaded connection technology of the detachable mechanical static joint which is widely used in the world. That is, ordinary screws and ordinary bolts rely on static friction to connect objects together. Expansion bolts and expansion rely on static friction, or rely on the deformation of the expansion sleeve to resist the connection of objects, so that the load is large, especially the axial load is large or In the harsh situation such as large vibration or high temperature or high and low temperature cross change, the connection of the above structure is liable to failure and cause an accident.
  • the present invention provides an expansion coupling structure, a coupling method, and an expansion coupling assembly, which are connected to the parent member and the attachment member in a unitary structure in the axial direction, and rely on the abutting force of the surface to face the parent member and
  • the attachment members are connected together, and the connection does not fail even in the case of particularly large loads, particularly in the case of particularly large axial loads, or particularly large vibrations, or high temperature or high temperature cross-changes, and the connection is very reliable.
  • An expansion coupling structure embodying the present invention comprising an expansion coupling assembly, a parent member, and an attachment member;
  • the expansion coupling assembly comprises a driving core member and two or more expansion members; the expansion member constitutes an expansion sleeve for holding the driving core member; and each of the expansion members is provided with an expansion cone or an expansion curved surface for driving the expansion sleeve to expand;
  • a driving core member accommodating space is disposed in the expansion sleeve, and the expansion cone surface is disposed on the wall of the driving core member accommodating space;
  • the driving core member is provided with a driving taper surface matched with the expansion cone surface on each of the flap expansion sleeves, or a driving curved surface matched with the expansion curved surface on each flap expansion sleeve;
  • the method is characterized in that: a first abutting recess is provided on a hole wall of the hole of the parent member;
  • the expansion member includes an expansion member body, a first abutting protrusion protruding radially on the outer circumference of the expansion member body and engaging with the first abutting recess portion, and protruding radially at the second abutting protrusion portion of the expansion member body;
  • the driving core member is installed in the driving core receiving space, the expansion member body is mounted in the hole on the female member and the through hole in the attached member; in the fully expanded state of the expansion sleeve, the first resisting projection extends into the corresponding The first resisting recesses resist each other Forming a snap, the second abutting projection is axially resisted by the attachment member, and the expansion sleeve secures the attachment member to the parent member.
  • the second abutting protrusion is a positioning abutting portion disposed at an end of the expansion body, axially positioning the expansion sleeve, and radially protruding the expansion body;
  • the second abutting protrusion of the expansion sleeve protrudes from the through hole on the attachment member and is axially resisted and positioned by the attachment member, the first abutment protrusion and the corresponding first abutment recess Right.
  • the second abutting protrusion is a positioning abutting portion, which can axially position the expansion sleeve on the one hand, and does not need to process the concave portion that does not cooperate with the second abutting protrusion on the attachment member, thereby reducing the processing cost, and
  • the second resisting protrusion has a simple structure and is easy to form.
  • a second abutting recess is provided on the hole wall of the through hole of the attachment member, the second abutting projection is engaged with the second abutting recess; and the axial direction is provided on the expansion sleeve or the female member.
  • the positioning mechanism and the axial positioning mechanism axially resist the positioning of the expansion sleeve; in the fully expanded state of the expansion sleeve, the second abutting protrusions extend into the corresponding second abutting recesses to resist each other to form a snap.
  • the thickness of the attachment member is particularly thick, since the expansion member of the structure does not need to penetrate the attachment member, the expansion member does not need to be designed to be long, and the force of the expansion member is greatly increased, so the structure is particularly suitable for the thickness of the attachment member.
  • the second resisting projections may be plural, such that the expansion sleeve can withstand greater axial loads.
  • the first abutting protrusion is a single spherical shape, or a cylindrical shape or a block-shaped protrusion disposed on the outer circumference of the expansion member, and the first resisting concave portion is spherical and spherical.
  • a radial positioning mechanism is further disposed between the attachment member and the expansion member; in the unexpanded state of the expansion sleeve, the expansion member is radially positioned by the radial positioning structure, the axial position of the through position is resisted, or the shaft is axially positioned. To the positioning, the first resisting projection is opposite to the corresponding first resisting recess.
  • This type of structure does not rotate between the expansion member and the parent member to meet certain special needs.
  • the drive core of this structure can be cast.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the expansion member body has a cylindrical curved surface which is radially protruded along the outer peripheral surface of the one end portion of the expansion member body to form a positioning resisting portion, and is radially protruded along the outer peripheral surface of the other end portion of the expansion member body.
  • the hole in the parent member is a step blind hole, the small hole of the step blind hole is close to the attached body member, and the large hole of the step blind hole forms a first recessed portion; in the fully expanded state of the expansion sleeve, the expansion sleeve The first resisting protrusion protrudes into the large hole of the step blind hole and is axially resisted by the stepped hole step surface.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the first resisting convex portion is distributed on the same cylindrical surface, and the outer peripheral surface of the positioning resisting portion is distributed in the same
  • the cylindrical surface, the first abutting protrusion, the expansion body, and the outer peripheral surface of the positioning abutting portion are concentric, and the first abutting convex portion and the positioning abutting portion are formed in a ring that is disconnected at a position where the adjacent two expansion members are coupled.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the expansion member of the structure is curved, the structure is simple, the processing is convenient, and the force is good; the large hole of the stepped hole forms the first concave portion, and the first concave portion is easier to process; the first resisting portion and the first Only one surface contact of the concave portion resists each other, which reduces the processing precision, and it is easier to realize that the expansion sleeve has no gap fit with the parent member and the attached member in the axial direction, the force is better, the connection effect is better, and the expansion sleeve has a simple structure, the mother body The first recessed portion on the member is easy to process, and the processing cost is low.
  • the driving core member further includes a straight light rod portion connected to the large end of the driving cone surface
  • the driving core member accommodating space includes a cylindrical curved surface connected to the small end of the expansion tapered surface; and the tapered small end portion for expansion
  • the diameter of the connected cylindrical curved surface is equal to the diameter of the straight light rod portion connected to the large end of the driving cone surface; the axial length of the straight light rod portion is greater than the axial length of the driving cone surface; the expansion sleeve is fully expanded, and the expansion cone surface
  • the cylindrical curved surface connected by the small end abuts against the surface of the surface and the outer peripheral surface of the straight rod portion connected to the large end of the driving cone, and drives the driving cone on the core member and the corresponding expansion cone on the expansion sleeve
  • the drive cone slides along the expansion cone.
  • the end of the straight beam portion of the driving core member and the large end of the driving cone surface passes over the small end of the expansion cone surface, and the diameter of the cylindrical curved surface connected to the small end of the expansion cone is equal to and driven.
  • the diameter of the straight rod portion connected to the large end of the tapered surface, the cylindrical curved surface and the outer peripheral surface of the straight rod portion are abutted by the surface-to-surface contact, and the expansion sleeve is substantially not affected by the linear contact of the expansion sleeve and the driving core member.
  • the deformation of the force in the radial direction causes a radial direction gap between the drive core member and the expansion sleeve to ensure that the expansion sleeve is in a fully expanded state.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the expansion member and the wall forming the drive core receiving space are in the same cross section
  • the shape may be a concentric arc, so that the expansion member is convenient to process; or it may be a cylindrical curved surface connected to the large end of the expansion tapered surface and a surface of the straight polished rod portion connected to the large end of the driving cone surface, or a uniform gap. Cooperate, so that the movement is more stable when the driving core member drives the expansion sleeve to expand.
  • the axial positioning mechanism is a positioning portion disposed at an end of the expansion body and radially protruding from the expansion body; in the unexpanded state of the expansion sleeve, the positioning portion of the expansion sleeve protrudes from the attachment member The through hole is resisted by the attached member.
  • the positioning portion of the structure has a simple structure and convenient processing, and the installation of the expansion sleeve is simple and convenient.
  • a wave spring or an elastic washer which is sleeved on the expansion body of the expansion sleeve and eliminates the axial gap
  • the wave spring or the elastic washer is installed between the positioning portion and the attachment member, or is mounted to be positioned and resisted. Between the part and the attached member.
  • the wave spring or the elastic washer can eliminate the first abutting protrusion on the expansion sleeve and the first abutting recess on the female member, the second abutting protrusion and the second abutting recess on the attached member
  • the gap generated by the machining error enables the expansion sleeve, the parent member and the attached member to be tightly fitted without a gap in the axial direction, and the connection effect is better.
  • the holes in the three parent members are blind holes;
  • the axial positioning mechanism includes a positioning spring disposed between the bottom of the hole provided on the female member and the expansion sleeve; in the free state of the positioning spring, the expansion sleeve
  • the upper first resisting projection is opposite the corresponding first abutting recess on the female member
  • the second abutting projection on the expansion sleeve is opposite the corresponding second resisting recess on the attachment member.
  • the hole in the parent member is a stepped hole, and the large hole near the attached body member is an expansion sleeve, and the small hole away from the attached member is a hole for driving the core rod during the expansion process of the driving core rod driving expansion sleeve.
  • the depth is greater than the distance of the driving core rod in the axial movement during the expansion process, and the axial positioning mechanism is the step surface of the stepped hole.
  • the depth of the small hole is greater than the distance of the axial movement of the driving core rod during the expansion process.
  • the hole in the parent member is a blind hole; the axial positioning mechanism is the bottom surface of the blind hole; and the hollow sleeve is also provided in the expansion sleeve to avoid the air driving the core rod during the expansion process of the driving core rod driving expansion sleeve
  • the depth of the space, the space to avoid is greater than the distance of the driving core rod during the expansion process;
  • the end surface of the expansion sleeve resists the bottom surface of the blind hole, and the first abutting protrusion on the expansion sleeve corresponds to the parent member
  • the first abutting recess is directly opposite, and the second abutting projection on the expansion sleeve is opposite to the corresponding second abutting recess on the attachment member.
  • the end face of the expansion sleeve back is positioned on the bottom surface of the blind hole, and the expansion sleeve has no axial direction movement during the expansion process, and only expands in the radial direction, and the space avoidance provides a movement space during the movement of the driving core rod, so as to resist The projection can smoothly enter into the recessed portion.
  • the driving core member comprises a driving core rod;
  • the expansion coupling assembly further comprises a limiting mechanism, the limiting mechanism is a circlip and a card slot, the card slot is disposed in the expansion sleeve to cooperate with the circlip; and the expansion sleeve is fully inflated
  • the circlip is installed in the slot, and the circlip limits the surface of the driving core rod away from the female member, so that the driving core rod remains at the position where the expansion sleeve is fully expanded.
  • the expansion coupling assembly further includes a limiting mechanism that completely ensures that the driving core member is in a state of full expansion of the expansion sleeve during use, thereby completely ensuring that the expansion sleeve is in a fully expanded state during use, and the first resisting projection of the expansion sleeve The outlet is resisted in the first abutting recess of the parent member, ensuring that the connection of the expansion coupling assembly to the parent member and the attachment member is reliable, and that it is foolproof.
  • a corresponding strip is formed at a corresponding position on the expansion member of the valve member to form a driving core receiving space, and a convex taper surface is provided on the protruding strip or the recessed portion of the expanding member;
  • the member is provided with a recess corresponding to the ridge on each of the expansion members, or a rib that cooperates with the recess on each of the expansion members, and a drive cone is provided on the rib or the recess of the drive core.
  • a rib having a tapered surface for expansion is provided on the expansion member, and a recessed portion with a driving taper surface is provided on the driving core member, and the hole diameter of the hole in the female member and the through hole on the attached member is constant.
  • the rib on the expansion member is equivalent to the addition of the reinforcing rib, thereby greatly increasing the axial load that the expansion sleeve can bear;
  • the driving core member is provided with a rib with a driving cone surface, and the expansion member is provided with a belt expansion.
  • the thickness of the expansion member can be greatly increased in the case where the diameter of the hole in the parent member and the through hole of the attachment member are constant, thereby greatly increasing the axial load that the expansion sleeve can withstand.
  • the parent member is a connecting sleeve, and the attached member More than two independent connected components.
  • the expansion joint structure of the structure can process the mother body and the expansion joint assembly into standard parts, and does not need to be processed to resist the recesses or threads on the body member, which greatly reduces the processing cost, and is particularly suitable for the body attached to the parent member.
  • the member is very thin and cannot be machined against the recess.
  • the expansion coupling structure of this structure, the base body and the expansion coupling assembly made of the standard member are similar to the existing bolt and nut structure.
  • the second abutting protrusion is a positioning abutting portion disposed at one end of the expansion body, axially positioning the expansion sleeve, and radially protruding the expansion body;
  • the second abutting protrusion of the expansion sleeve protrudes from the through hole on the attachment member and is axially resisted and positioned by the attachment member;
  • the first abutting protrusion is a single spherical or cylindrical or block-shaped protrusion disposed on the outer circumference of the expansion member, and the first abutting recess is a spherical first abutting protrusion.
  • the female member is similar to a nut, and is relatively small, and the side hole is easily processed. Therefore, the first recessed portion on the female member of the connecting member is processed into the shape of the side through hole, and the processing cost is low.
  • the expansion coupling assembly further includes a cap; the cap includes an inner cavity, a buckle is protruded from a bottom surface of the inner cavity; and an anti-slot groove is disposed on the expansion sleeve or the driving core member;
  • the expansion sleeve is fully expanded, and the cap is snap-fitted onto the abutment groove to be fitted with the expansion sleeve or the drive core member, the expansion sleeve of the parent member and/or the attachment member, or the male member and/or the attachment
  • the expansion sleeve and the drive core of the body member are received within the interior of the cap.
  • the expansion coupling assembly further includes a cap; the cap includes an inner cavity, the bottom surface of the inner cavity is provided with a protruding post, and the protruding post is provided with a threaded hole; and the driving core rod is provided Having a threaded portion projecting from the expansion sleeve; in the fully expanded state of the expansion sleeve, the threaded bore of the cap is threaded onto the drive mandrel, the expansion sleeve of the parent member and/or the attachment member, or the male member and/or the male member The expansion sleeve and the drive core of the attachment member are received within the lumen of the cap.
  • the cap is provided to cover the expansion sleeve and the driving core member, and the appearance is not only beautiful, but also dustproof, waterproof, anti-sunlight, etc., which greatly reduces the damage of the expansion joint component from the external environment, and greatly improves the expansion joint assembly. Connection reliability and service life. Caps can be placed only on the side facing the environment, such as outdoors. If the environment on both sides is bad, caps should be provided on both sides.
  • a coupling method of an expansion coupling structure characterized in that the coupling method comprises:
  • An expansion coupling assembly is provided, the expansion coupling assembly includes a driving core member, two or more expansion members; and the expansion member constitutes an expansion sleeve for holding the driving core member;
  • the expansion member includes an expansion member body, a first abutting protrusion protruding radially on the outer circumference of the expansion member body and engaging with the first abutting recess portion, and protruding radially at the second abutting protrusion portion of the expansion member body;
  • the first abutting protrusion protrudes into the first abutting recess portion to form a snap, and the attachment member is axially resisted by the second abutting protrusion;
  • the expansion sleeve secures the attachment member to the parent member.
  • the expansion sleeve no longer moves in the radial direction and remains in the fully expanded state, and the driving core rod continues to move to the set position relative to the axial direction of the expansion sleeve.
  • the driving core rod continues to slide for a distance on the expansion sleeve.
  • the expansion sleeve will continue to expand, thereby ensuring the expansion sleeve in the bad work. It remains fully expanded under the environment. That is, it is ensured that the resisting projection is held in the resisting recess, so that the use is very reliable, and there is no safety accident in which the expansion joint assembly fails.
  • An expansion coupling assembly comprising a driving core member and two or more expansion members; the expansion member forming an expansion sleeve for holding the driving core member;
  • An expansion cone or a curved surface for expansion for driving the expansion sleeve is provided on each of the expansion members;
  • a driving core member accommodating space is disposed in the expansion sleeve, and the expansion cone surface is disposed on the wall of the driving core member accommodating space;
  • the driving core member is provided with a driving taper surface matched with the expansion cone surface on each of the flap expansion sleeves, or a driving curved surface matched with the expansion curved surface on each flap expansion sleeve;
  • Each of the expansion members includes an expansion member body that cooperates with a hole in the base member and a through hole on the attachment member, and a first abutment recess that is radially protruded from the expansion member body and the hole wall of the hole on the female member
  • the first resisting projection portion of the portion is radially protruded from the expansion member body and has a second resisting projection portion for resisting the attachment member to the female member.
  • the spring further comprises a spring receiving groove radially on the outer circumferential surface of each of the expansion members, and the expansion members of the two or more petals are assembled by the spring to form an expansion sleeve, and the spring is completely accommodated in the spring.
  • the expansion sleeve is in an unexpanded state, and the expansion on the expansion sleeve is hung on the driving cone surface.
  • the driving core member is installed in the accommodating space of the driving core member, and then the expansion members of the two or more lobes are assembled together by the spring to form the expansion sleeve so as not to be separated, and the expansion coupling assembly is assembled at the factory, and the transportation process is not Spread out, it is more convenient, fast and easy to use.
  • the driving core member includes a driving core rod;
  • the driving core rod includes a driving core rod body, and the expansion and contraction protruding portion protruding from the driving core rod body for driving expansion and contraction of the expansion sleeve;
  • a driving taper for driving the expansion sleeve to be expanded is disposed on a side of the protruding portion facing the female member, and a contracting conical recess portion for contracting the expansion sleeve is formed on a side of the protruding portion facing the attachment member to drive the core rod
  • the drive taper surface is aligned with the taper direction of the conical recessed portion for contraction;
  • the drive core member accommodating space includes an expansion and contraction accommodating groove that cooperates with the expansion and contraction projection portion of the drive core rod, and is separated from the expansion and contraction accommodating groove
  • the groove wall on one side of the mother member forms an expansion taper surface that cooperates with the drive taper surface of the drive core rod, and the groove wall on the side of the expansion and contraction accommodating groove
  • the conical recessed portion for contraction and the tapered taper surface are provided.
  • the conical recessed portion of the driving core rod is engaged with the conical taper on the expansion sleeve, so that the expansion sleeve is gathered and the sleeve is expanded.
  • the first abutting projection is completely separated from the first abutting recess on the female member, and the disassembly is easier and more reliable, ensuring that the expansion sleeve is not damaged during the disassembly process.
  • the first abutting protrusions protrude into the corresponding first abutting recesses to resist the engagement, and the second abutting protrusions axially resist the attached member, and the expansion sleeves are attached.
  • the member is fixedly attached to the parent member.
  • the expansion coupling structure of the invention ensures that the bearing structure is a resisting structure between the face and the face, and the connection force between the expansion coupling assembly and the parent component and the attachment component is mainly an axially integral expansion sleeve to the parent component and the attachment component The resisting force, rather than relying on the pre-tightening static friction of the threaded connection or the expansion static friction of the expansion screw.
  • the expansion coupling structure can withstand a very large connection force. There is no pre-tightening force between the expansion sleeve and the parent member and the attachment member. Compared with the thread connection, the expansion sleeve does not need to bear the preload load, so it can be in the environment of large load, especially large axial load, large vibration and high temperature. Neither will cause the connection to fail.
  • the mechanical static connection Compared with the use of screws and bolts, the mechanical static connection relies on the pre-tightening to create a static friction connection with the parent member. It has the advantage of being able to completely overcome the excessive load, fatigue damage, creep under high temperature, fretting wear, etc. Several common forms of connection failure.
  • the invention completely breaks the static friction force of the existing screw-connected screw or bolt by the pre-tightening, the mechanical static connection of the expansion screw or the expansion bolt, the expansion static friction force generated by the expansion or the deformation caused by the expansion sleeve deformation. Force to connect the inertial thinking of the object.
  • the first resisting projection of the expansion sleeve and the corresponding first resisting recess of the female component are previously processed, and the first resisting projection is not formed by expansion deformation of the expansion sleeve.
  • the expansion sleeve is designed to have two lobes (in which the expansion sleeve has the best effect of three lobes), and the expansion sleeve does not deform during the expansion process.
  • the number and shape of the first resisting projections can be freely according to the force.
  • the position of the first resisting recess on the female member is also designed in advance according to the structure of the expansion sleeve and the thickness of the attached member, so that it can withstand a large external force as needed and the connection is reliable;
  • the material hardness of the parent member is not much lower than the material hardness of the expansion sleeve, and there is no need for a large friction coefficient between the expansion sleeve and the parent member. It can be used as a substitute for screws or bolts and can be used for aircraft, ships and equipment. , Aerospace equipment, aircraft carriers, spacecraft, rockets, engines, nuclear reactors, trains, high-speed rail, railroad tracks, steel structures, steel bridges, automobiles, etc.
  • the existing expansion sleeve is a one-piece expansion bolt or expansion screw.
  • the tail of the driving core rod gradually presses the flap of the tail portion of the expansion sleeve to make it Gradually outwardly bent, and finally formed a flange that is hooked to the step surface.
  • the expansion bolt of this structure is generated by the deformation of the flange with the reaming.
  • the specific deformation cannot be accurately calculated, so it cannot be previously in the matrix.
  • the shape of the reaming in the inside of the component and the flanged shape after the deformation, the resisting portion of the flange and the reaming after deformation is a fatal defect of the line fit, and the expansion sleeve cannot achieve high-strength heat treatment and hardening, and cannot be realized.
  • the mating member is designed with a reaming hole which is precisely matched with the flange of the expansion sleeve and the flange portion is matched, and the person skilled in the art is blocked from the specialization.
  • the second resisting projection of the expansion sleeve is resisted by the attachment member, and the expansion sleeve is expanded by the driving core member, so that the first abutment projection on the expansion sleeve projects into the first abutment depression of the female member.
  • the expansion sleeve and the parent member are not loosened (not reversed and loosened).
  • the female member is not damaged by the threaded wire, the first resistance
  • the probability that the protruding portion and the first abutting recess are damaged and disengaged during operation is almost zero, so that the connection of the female member and the attached member by the expansion coupling assembly is very reliable; and the driving core member only drives the expansion sleeve
  • the function of the expansion is not to fix the attached member to the female member by the fastener threadedly engaged with the driving core member, and the force of driving the core member in the fully expanded state of the expansion sleeve is very small, even if the driving core member is screwed.
  • the expansion sleeve since the expansion sleeve is not deformed during the expansion process, the expansion sleeve is not embedded in the parent member to cause the deformation of the parent member.
  • the radial connection force between the expansion sleeve and the parent member is very small, and the first resisting depression on the parent member is The working state is also almost impossible to damage; therefore, when disassembling, the driving core member only needs to be disengaged from the expanding position, and the expansion coupling assembly can be taken out from the mother member and the attached member member without a large force, and the expansion is not damaged when disassembled.
  • the coupling assembly does not damage the parent member, and the expansion coupling assembly can be reused many times, and the parent member is not damaged or scrapped due to damage to the position where the expansion coupling assembly is connected.
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevational view showing the expansion joint structure of the first embodiment of the present invention in an unexpanded state of an expansion sleeve.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 1;
  • FIG 3 is a perspective view of an expansion joint assembly with a wave spring according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective exploded view of the expansion joint assembly with a circlip and a wave spring according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a front elevational view showing the expansion joint structure of the first embodiment of the present invention in a state in which the expansion sleeve is fully expanded.
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Fig. 5;
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion I of Figure 5
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the center position of one of the expansion members of the expansion joint in the unexpanded state of the expansion sleeve according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the center position of one of the expansion members of the expansion joint in the unexpanded state of the expansion sleeve of the embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the center of the expansion joint of the embodiment 4 of the present invention in the unexpanded state of the expansion sleeve through one of the flap expansion members.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the center position of one of the expansion members of the expansion joint of the embodiment 5 of the present invention in an unexpanded state of the expansion sleeve.
  • Figure 12 is a perspective exploded view of the expansion joint assembly with a circlip and a wave spring according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view showing the center position of one of the expansion members of the expansion joint of the embodiment 6 of the present invention in an unexpanded state of the expansion sleeve.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view showing the center of the expansion joint of the embodiment 7 of the present invention in the unexpanded state of the expansion sleeve over one of the expansion members.
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view showing the center position of one of the expansion members of the expansion joint of the eighth embodiment of the present invention in an unexpanded state of the expansion sleeve.
  • Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view showing the center of the expansion joint of the ninth embodiment of the expansion joint in the unexpanded state of the expansion sleeve.
  • Figure 17 is a perspective exploded view of the expansion joint assembly with a circlip and a wave spring according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view showing the center position of one of the expansion members of the expansion joint of the embodiment 10 of the present invention in a state in which the expansion sleeve is fully expanded.
  • Figure 19 is a perspective exploded view of the expansion joint assembly with the anti-rotation nut and the wave spring of Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view showing the center position of one of the expansion members of the expansion joint of the embodiment 11 of the present invention in a state in which the expansion sleeve is fully expanded.
  • Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view showing the center position of one of the expansion members of the expansion joint of the embodiment 12 of the present invention in a state in which the expansion sleeve is fully expanded.
  • Figure 22 is a perspective exploded view of the expansion joint assembly with the anti-rotation nut and the wave spring of Embodiment 12 of the present invention.
  • an expansion coupling structure includes an expansion coupling assembly, a parent member 1, and an attachment member 2.
  • a circular blind hole 3 is provided in the parent member 1, and a plurality of independent first resisting recesses 4 are provided in the wall of the blind blind hole 3.
  • the first resisting recess 4 is a cylindrical blind hole.
  • a circular through hole 5, a second abutting recessed portion 6, and a positioning groove 7 are provided in the attached body member 2.
  • the second abutting recess 6 is a cylindrical blind hole having the same structure as the first abutting recess 4 .
  • the expansion coupling assembly includes a driving core member, an expansion sleeve 9 composed of a plurality of expansion members 8 having the same three-lobed structure, a spring 10, and a spring 11.
  • the expansion member 8 includes an expansion member body 12 having an outer peripheral surface that cooperates with the blind hole 3 on the parent member 1, and is radially protruded on the outer circumference of the expansion member body 12, respectively.
  • the first abutting recess 4 is matched with a first cylindrical abutting protrusion 13 and a second abutting protrusion 14 which are provided with a guiding inclined surface, and are radially protruded on the outer circumference of one end of the expansion body 12, and the expansion sleeve
  • the positioning portion 15 for axially positioning, the attachment member 2 is abutted against the base member 1, and the positioning rib 16 provided on the surface of the positioning portion 15 facing the attachment member 2 is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the expansion member body 12.
  • the upper spring receiving groove 17 and the spring receiving groove 18 are provided.
  • the structure of the second abutting projection 14 is the same as that of the first abutting projection 13 .
  • the outer diameter of the expansion member body 12 is equal to the aperture of the circular blind hole 3.
  • the maximum distance from the outer circumference of the positioning portion 15 to the axial center of the expansion member body 12 is greater than the maximum distance from the outer circumference of the first abutment projection portion 13 to the axial center of the expansion member body 12.
  • the three-lobed expansion member 8 constitutes an expansion sleeve 9 for holding the drive core member, and a drive core housing accommodation space is provided in the expansion sleeve 9.
  • the positioning portions 15 on the expansion sleeve 9 are circumferentially distributed to form an independent ring that is broken at the joint position of the adjacent two-lobed expansion members 8.
  • the drive core member includes a drive core rod 19, a drive nut 20 that cooperates with the drive core rod 19.
  • the drive nut 20 includes a drive cone 21, a cylindrical straight rod portion 22 connected to the large end of the drive cone 21, a threaded hole 23 provided at the axial center position, and is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the drive cone 21 and the straight rod portion 22.
  • the combination of the adjacent two-lobed expansion members 8 of the expansion sleeve 9 engages with the gap-stopping ribs 24.
  • the drive core rod 19 includes a small rod 25 provided with a threaded portion that cooperates with the threaded hole 23 of the drive nut 20, a drive cone 26 connected to the small rod 25, and a cylindrical straight rod portion connected to the large end of the drive cone 26. 27, a cylindrical abutting portion 28 connected to the straight rod portion 27 and radially projecting the straight rod portion 27, and an inner hexagonal hole 29 is provided on the end surface of the resist portion 28.
  • the axial length of the drive cone 26 is equal to the axial length of the drive cone 21 to achieve simultaneous relative direction drive.
  • the driving core housing accommodating space includes a cylindrical curved surface 30 of the straight light rod portion 22 of the entangled driving nut 20, and the large end is connected to the cylindrical curved surface 30 and
  • the expansion taper 31 of the erect drive cone 21 the cylindrical curved surface 32 of the small rod 25 that is in contact with the small end of the expansion taper 31 and the drive core 19 is joined to the cylindrical curved surface 32 and the drive core is held
  • the expansion taper 33 of the drive cone 26 of the rod 19 is in contact with the large end of the expansion taper 33 and encloses a cylindrical curved surface 34 of the portion of the straight rod portion 27.
  • the expansion taper is broken at the joint position of the adjacent two expansion members 8.
  • the diameter of the straight rod portion 22 is equal to the diameter of the cylindrical curved surface 32
  • the diameter of the straight rod portion 27 is equal to the diameter of the cylindrical curved surface 32.
  • the threaded hole 23 of the drive nut 20 is screwed onto the threaded portion of the small rod 25 of the drive core rod 19, and the drive cone 21 of the drive nut 20 is pushed to the drive core.
  • the axial distance between the small ends of the drive cone 26 of the rod 19 is slightly less than the axial length of the cylindrical curved surface 32.
  • the three-lobed expansion member 8 is hug on the drive nut 20 and the drive core rod 19.
  • the rotation-preventing rib 24 of the drive nut 20 is mounted in the joint gap of the adjacent two-valve expansion member 8, and is held by the expansion cone 31.
  • the positioning expansion member 8 on the driving cone 21 is engaged with the driving nut 20 and the expansion taper 33 on the driving cone 26 to position the expansion member 8 and the driving core rod 19.
  • the three-valve expansion member 8 is connected to the expansion coupling assembly by the spring 10, the spring 11 and the driving nut 20, and the driving core rod 19, and the spring 10 is completely accommodated in the spring receiving groove 17, and the spring 11 is completely It is accommodated in the spring receiving groove 18.
  • the expansion sleeve 9 is provided with one end of the first abutting projection 13 extending through the circular through hole 5 in the attachment member 2 into the circular blind hole 3 on the female member 1, and the expansion member body 12 is mounted on the parent member 1
  • the positioning rib 16 of the expansion sleeve 9 is mounted in the positioning groove 7 of the attachment member 2
  • the positioning portion 15 of the expansion sleeve 9 protrudes from the attachment member 2
  • the circular through hole 5 is axially resisted and positioned by the attachment member 2
  • the first abutment projection 13 is opposite to the corresponding first abutment recess 4, and the second abutment projection 14 and the corresponding second abutment recess 6 Right.
  • the first abutting projections 13 extend into the corresponding first abutment recesses 4 to form a snap fit by the cylindrical surfaces, and the second resisting projections are formed.
  • the outlet portion 14 extends into the corresponding second abutment recess portion 6 to form a snap fit by the cylindrical surface.
  • the attachment member 2 is axially resisted by the positioning portion 15, and the expansion sleeve 9 connects the attachment member 2 to the parent member 1. Fixed together.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the positioning portion 15 on the expansion sleeve 9 is distributed on the same circumferential surface, so that the contact area between the positioning portion 15 and the attachment member 2 is maximized to achieve the best resistance effect.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the corresponding expansion member body 12 on the expansion sleeve 9 is distributed on the same circumferential surface, and is closely engaged with the surface of the hole of the circular blind hole 3 on the female member 1 by surface-to-surface contact.
  • the diameter of the straight rod portion 22 is equal to the diameter of the cylindrical curved surface 32
  • the diameter of the straight rod portion 27 is equal to the diameter of the cylindrical curved surface 32
  • the cylindrical curved surface 32 is in contact with the straight rod portion 22 by surface-to-surface contact
  • cylindrical The curved surface 32 and the straight beam portion 27 are brought into contact by surface-to-surface contact.
  • a coupling method of an expansion joint structure includes the following steps:
  • the threaded hole 23 of the drive nut 20 is screwed onto the drive core rod 19, and the axial distance between the small end of the drive cone 21 of the drive nut 20 to the drive end 26 of the drive core rod 19 is slightly smaller than the cylindrical surface The axial length of 32;
  • the three-lobed expansion member 8 is hug on the drive nut 20 and the drive core rod 19.
  • the rotation-preventing rib 24 of the drive nut 20 extends into the joint gap of the adjacent two-valve expansion member 8, and is held by the expansion cone 31.
  • the positioning expansion member 8 on the driving cone 21 and the driving nut 20, the expansion cone 33 is hung on the driving cone 26 to position the expansion member 8 and the driving core rod 19;
  • the spring 10 is mounted in the spring receiving groove 17, and the spring 11 is mounted in the spring receiving groove 18, and the three-valve expansion member 8 is not automatically separated from the driving nut 20 and the driving core rod 19 to complete the connection of the expansion coupling assembly. ;
  • One end of the expansion sleeve 9 provided with the first abutting projection 13 extends through the circular through hole 5 in the attachment member 2 into the blind hole 3 in the parent member 1, and the positioning rib 16 of the expansion sleeve 9 is mounted on The positioning groove 7 of the attachment member 2;
  • a force is applied to the expansion sleeve 9 in the axial direction of the attachment member 2, the attachment member 2 abuts against the parent member 1, the positioning portion 15 abuts against the attachment member 2, and the expansion sleeve 9 is attached to the attachment member 15 through the positioning portion 15. 2 axially resisting positioning, the first abutting protrusion 13 on the expansion sleeve 9 is opposite to the corresponding first abutting recess 4 on the parent member 1;
  • the driving nut 20 is synchronously moved by the screwing engagement with the driving core rod 19, and the driving cone 21 of the driving nut 20 slides on the expansion taper 31, and the driving cone 26 of the driving core rod 19 is expanded.
  • the expansion sleeve 9 is slidably driven by the sliding surface 33, and the expansion member 8 is radially moved.
  • the first abutting projections 13 extend into the corresponding first abutting recesses 4 of the female member 1 to resist each other by the cylindrical surface. Engagement, the attached member 2 is axially resisted by the positioning portion 15;
  • the expansion sleeve 9 After the expansion sleeve 9 is fully expanded, the expansion sleeve 9 is no longer moved in the radial direction and remains in the fully expanded state, and continues to rotate the drive core rod 19, and the drive nut 20 and the drive core rod 19 continue to move relative to the axial direction of the expansion sleeve 9, driving the nut
  • the straight light rod portion 22 of 20 passes over the small end of the expansion tapered surface 31, and the straight light rod portion 27 of the driving core rod 19 passes over the expansion tapered surface
  • the expansion sleeve 9 connects and fixes the attachment member 2 to the parent member 1.
  • the female member 50 is a tubular connecting member.
  • the expansion coupling assembly includes four attachment members, namely an attachment member 51, an attachment member 52, an attachment member 53, and an attachment member 54.
  • the first abutting recess 55 on the female member 50 laterally penetrates the circular through hole 80 of the side wall of the female member 50, and no second resisting recess is provided on the four attached members.
  • the driving core member is a driving core rod 58.
  • the driving core rod 58 includes a small rod 59 of the optical rod, a driving cone 60 connected to the small rod 59, a straight rod portion 61 connected to the large end of the driving cone 60, and a straight rod portion 61.
  • the abutting portion 62 that is connected to and radially protrudes from the straight rod portion 61 protrudes from the core member pull-out screw 63 on the end surface of the resisting portion 62.
  • the driving core housing accommodating space includes a cylindrical curved surface 65 of the erecting small rod 59, a small end that is in contact with the cylindrical curved surface 65, and a converging tapered surface 66 that converges the driving cone 60, and expands.
  • the first accommodating space formed by the cylindrical curved surface 67 of the straight light rod portion 61 and the second accommodating space 68 for accommodating the resisting portion 62 is fully expanded in the expansion sleeve 64. In a state (not shown), the resisting portion 62 is completely received in the second accommodating space 68.
  • the expansion coupling assembly also includes a stop mechanism that limits the surface of the drive mandrel 58 against the parent member 50, such that the drive mandrel 58 remains in the fully expanded position of the expansion sleeve 64.
  • the limiting mechanism includes a snap spring 69 and a card slot 70.
  • the snap spring 69 is a broken ring.
  • the card slot 70 is disposed on the wall of the second accommodating space 68 and cooperates with the circlip 69.
  • the second abutting projection is a positioning abutting portion 71 that is disposed at one end of the expander body 75, axially positions the expansion sleeve 64, and radially projects the expander body 75.
  • the outer circumferential surface of the positioning abutting portion 71 of the expansion sleeve 64 is distributed on the same circumferential surface, and an annular shape is formed which is broken between the adjacent two expansion members 56.
  • connection method includes:
  • the three-lobed expansion member 56 is hug on the driving core rod 58 and is hung on the driving cone 60 by the expansion cone 66 to position the expansion member 56 and the driving core rod 58;
  • the three-valve expansion member 56 and the drive core rod 58 are not automatically separated by the spring 72 and the spring 73;
  • the wave spring 74 is sleeved on the expansion body 75 of the expansion sleeve 64;
  • One end of the expansion sleeve 64 provided with the first abutment projection 57 sequentially passes through the circular through hole 76 of the attachment member 51, the circular through hole 77 of the attachment member 52, the circular through hole 78 of the attachment member 53, and the attachment member 54 a circular through hole 79 extends into the circular through hole 80 in the parent member 50;
  • a force toward the axial direction of the attachment member 51 is applied to the positioning abutting portion 71 of the expansion sleeve 64, the positioning abutment portion 71 of the expansion sleeve 64, the wave spring 74, the attachment member 51, the attachment member 52, the attachment member 53, The appendage member 54 and the parent member 50 are abutted together, and the expansion sleeve 64 is axially resisted by the attachment member 51 by the positioning abutment portion 71.
  • the first abutment projection 57 on the expansion sleeve 64 corresponds to the parent member 50.
  • the first resisting recess 55 is facing;
  • the driving core rod 58 is axially moved relative to the expansion sleeve 64, and the driving sleeve 60 is slidably driven on the expansion taper surface 66 to drive the expansion sleeve 64 to expand, and each of the valve expansion members 56 moves radially,
  • a resisting projection 57 projects into the corresponding first resisting recess 55 of the female member 50 to form a snap by mutual engagement with the cylindrical surface.
  • the attachment member 54 is axially resisted by the female member 50, and the attachment member 51 is wave spring. 74 axially resisting, the wave spring 74 is positioned to resist the axial direction of the blocking portion 71;
  • the expansion sleeve 64 After the expansion sleeve 64 is fully expanded, the expansion sleeve 64 is no longer moved in the radial direction and remains in the fully expanded state, the drive core rod 58 continues to move relative to the axial direction of the expansion sleeve 64, and the straight rod portion 61 passes over the small rod of the expansion cone 66. 59 until the resisting portion 62 is resisted by the bottom surface of the second accommodating space 68, and the driving core rod 58 stops driving;
  • the expansion sleeve 64 connects and fixes the attachment member 51, the attachment member 52, the attachment member 53, the attachment member 54, and the parent member 50 together;
  • the circlip 69 is mounted in the card slot 70.
  • the circlip 69 is first removed from the slot 70, and then the tool that is engaged with the core pull-out screw 63 pulls the drive core 58 away from the parent member 50 for a distance, and the expansion sleeve 64 can be removed.
  • the mother member 50 and the attached member 51, the attached member 52, the attached member 53, and the attached member 54 are detached.
  • the driving tapered surface 101 on the driving core 100 is a spherical surface
  • the expanding tapered surface 103 on the expanding member 102 is a spherical surface that engages with the driving tapered surface 101.
  • the core pull-out mechanism is a threaded hole 104 provided on the drive core 100.
  • the driving core member includes a driving core rod 141 and a driving nut 142 that cooperates with the driving core rod 141.
  • the driving core rod 141 includes a small rod 143 provided with a thread, a first driving cone 145 connected to the small rod 143 for driving the expansion of the expansion sleeve 144, and a cylindrical first straight connected to the large end of the first driving cone 145.
  • the light rod portion 146 has a connecting cone 147 with a large end connected to the first straight rod portion 146, a cylindrical second straight rod portion 148 connected to the small end of the connecting cone 147, and a small end connected to the second straight rod portion 148.
  • a second driving cone 149 for driving the expansion sleeve 144 to expand
  • a cylindrical third straight rod portion 150 connected to the large end of the second driving cone 149, disposed at an axial position of the end surface of the third straight rod portion 150, and being expanded in installation a hexagonal blind hole 151 engaged with the wrench when the coupling assembly and the expansion coupling assembly are disassembled, and six evenly distributed rotation grooves provided on the end surface of the third straight rod portion 150 and penetrating the circumferential surface of the third straight rod portion 150 152.
  • the drive nut 142 includes a cylindrical drive nut body 153, and a rotation preventing protrusion 154 disposed at an end surface of the drive nut body 153 and engaging with a coupling slit of the adjacent two-valve expansion member 164 of the expansion sleeve 144 is disposed at the drive nut 142.
  • the axial length of the first optical rod portion 146 is greater than the axial length setting distance of the first driving cone 145, and the axial length of the third straight optical rod portion 150 is greater than the axial length of the first straight optical rod portion 146, and the second driving
  • the axial length of the cone 149 is equal to the axial length of the first drive cone 145.
  • the driving core housing accommodating space in the unexpanded expansion sleeve 144 includes a cylindrical curved surface 156 of a part of the small rod 143 of the accommodating driving core rod 141, a first expansion tapered surface 157 for merging the first driving cone 145, and a huddle
  • the cylindrical curved surface 162 of the third straight light rod portion 150 is a driving nut receiving groove 163 which is disposed on the wall of the cylindrical curved surface 156 and cooperates with the driving nut 142.
  • the small rod 143 of the drive mandrel 141 extends into the threaded bore 155 of the drive nut 142 and is threadedly engaged with the drive nut 142.
  • the expansion member 164 is hugged outside the driving core rod 141 and the driving nut 142.
  • the driving nut 142 is mounted in the driving nut receiving groove 163.
  • the rotation preventing convex portion 154 of the driving nut 142 extends into the joint seam of the adjacent two-valve expansion member 164. .
  • the expansion member 164 includes an expansion member body 165, and a first abutting protrusion 166 disposed at one end of the expansion member body 165 of the expansion member 164 is disposed at the other end end of the expansion member body 165 to axially position the expansion sleeve 144. And the positioning abutting portion 167 of the expansion body 165 is radially protruded.
  • the hole in the parent member 168 is a stepped blind hole, the small hole 169 of the stepped blind hole is close to the attachment member 170, and the large hole 171 of the stepped blind hole forms a first recessed portion.
  • the outer circumferential surface of the positioning resisting portion 167 of the expansion sleeve 144 is distributed on the same circumferential surface, and the outer circumferential surface of the first resisting convex portion 166 is distributed on the same circumferential surface, and the positioning resisting portion 167 and the first resisting portion are disposed.
  • the convex portions 166 are each formed in an annular shape that is disconnected between the adjacent two expansion members 164.
  • connection method is different from that of Embodiment 1:
  • the three-lobed expansion member is hug on the driving nut 142 and the driving core rod 141, and the driving nut 142 is installed in the nut accommodating groove 163, and the rotation preventing convex portion 154 of the driving nut 142 is extended into the combination of the adjacent two-valve expansion members 164.
  • the expansion member 164 is completely positioned in the gap with the driving nut 142 and the driving core rod 141;
  • the surface of the first resisting convex portion 166 facing the first resisting convex portion 166 is opposite to the stepped surface 172 of the stepped hole;
  • the driving core rod includes a driving core body 191, and the resisting portion 192 protruding from the outer periphery of the driving core rod body 191 and the two structures have the same expansion and contraction.
  • a threaded portion 195 disposed at a position of the driving core rod body 191 away from the resisting portion 192 and screwed into the driving nut 194 is provided on the end surface of the resisting portion 192, when the expansion coupling assembly is assembled and the expansion coupling assembly is disassembled.
  • a hexagonal blind hole 196 mated with the wrench and six evenly distributed rotation preventing grooves 197 provided on the end surface of the abutting portion 192 and penetrating the circumferential surface of the abutting portion 192.
  • the expansion and contraction projection 193 is used to expand and contract the expansion sleeve 198.
  • the expansion and contraction projection 193 includes a driving cone 199 disposed on a side facing away from the abutting portion 192 for driving the expansion sleeve 198 to expand, and is disposed on a side facing the resisting portion 192 to form a contraction for contracting the expansion sleeve 198.
  • the cylindrical light rod portion 201 that connects the driving cone 199 and the contracting tapered recess portion 200 is connected by the tapered recess portion 200, and the driving cone 199 coincides with the taper direction of the contracting tapered recess portion 200.
  • the driving core housing accommodating space includes a first accommodating space formed by the cylindrical curved surface 202 of the accommodating driving core body 191, and a second accommodating space 203 for accommodating the resisting portion 192.
  • the second accommodation space 203 cooperates with the abutting portion 192 and completely accommodates the abutting portion 192.
  • a nut accommodating groove 204 that is engaged with the driving nut 194 and two expansion and contraction accommodating grooves 205 that are respectively engaged with the two expansion and contraction projections 193 are provided on the wall of the cylindrical curved surface 202.
  • the expansion and contraction accommodating groove 205 is formed away from the groove wall of the mother member 207 to form an expansion taper 206 for driving the expansion sleeve 198 to expand, and cooperates with the driving cone 199 of the driving core rod, and the expansion and contraction accommodating groove 205 faces the female member.
  • the groove wall of the 207 is formed with a contraction taper 208 for contracting the expansion sleeve 198, and a contraction conical recessed portion 200 for driving the core rod, and a converging taper surface 206, a contraction taper surface 208, and a polished rod portion 201. Fitted cylindrical surface 209.
  • the expansion coupling structure also includes a snap spring 210.
  • the circlip 210 includes a heart-shaped ring 211 that is disconnected in the middle, and a block-shaped rotation stop 212 that protrudes from a side of the heart-shaped ring 211 away from the disconnected position.
  • a card slot 213 is formed in the wall of the expansion sleeve 198 which forms the driving core receiving space.
  • the rotation preventing portion 212 of the circlip 210 is installed in the rotation preventing groove 197.
  • the heart ring 211 is installed in the locking groove 213 and is resisted by the locking groove 213 in the expansion sleeve 198.
  • the rotation preventing portion 212 prevents the driving core from being reversed.
  • the ring 211 limits the face of the drive mandrel away from the parent member 207, ensuring that the drive mandrel remains in the fully expanded position of the expansion sleeve 198.
  • the retaining spring 210 cooperates with the slot 213 and the anti-rotation slot 197 to form a limiting mechanism.
  • the axial positioning mechanism includes a positioning spring 230.
  • the cylindrical sleeve 245 of the cylindrical straight rod portion 233 of the expansion sleeve 231 and the drive nut 232 forms a spring accommodation space 234.
  • the small end 236 of the drive spindle 235 projects the drive nut 232 and projects into the positioning spring 230.
  • the positioning spring 230 is mounted between the bottom of the blind hole 238 of the parent member 237 and the spring receiving space 234.
  • the first resisting projection 239 on the expansion sleeve 231 is opposite to the corresponding first resisting recess 240 on the female member 237, and the second resisting projection 241 on the expansion sleeve 231 is attached.
  • the corresponding second resisting recess 243 on the body member 242 is opposite.
  • connection method is different from that of Embodiment 1:
  • the positioning spring 230 is sleeved on the small end 236 of the driving core rod 235 and placed in the spring receiving space 234;
  • the expansion sleeve 231 is inserted into the circular blind hole 238 of the parent member 237 through the circular through hole 244 of the attachment member 242.
  • One end of the positioning spring 230 is resisted by the blind hole bottom of the parent member 237, and the other end is accommodated by the spring.
  • the bottom surface of the 234 is resisted, and the expansion sleeve 231 is axially resisted and positioned by the positioning spring 230.
  • the core rod 235 is rotationally driven, and the relative position of the expansion sleeve 231 and the attachment member 242 is substantially maintained at a position where the positioning spring 230 is in a free state by the visual inspection.
  • the drive nut 232 drives the expansion of each flap by synchronously moving relative to the drive core rod 235.
  • the radial movement of the first abutting projections 239 extends into the corresponding first abutment recesses 240 of the parent member 237 to form a snap by surface-to-face engagement, and the second abutment projections 241 extend into the attachment member.
  • the corresponding second resisting recessed grooves 243 of the 242 are engaged with each other by surface-to-face engagement to form a snap fit.
  • the expansion member 260 includes a circular blind hole of the outer peripheral surface and the female member 261.
  • the aperture-fitted expansion member body 263 of the 262 protrudes from the first abutting projection 264 and the second abutment projection 265 on the outer circumference of the expansion member body 263, and the connecting portion with the expansion member body 263 bent inwardly 266 is connected to the extended section 267.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the extended section 267 is an arc shape concentric with the outer peripheral surface of the expander main body 263.
  • a cylindrical curved surface 271 that is joined to the concave curved surface 270 of the inwardly recessed driving curved surface 269 is also provided on the inner side surface of the elongated section 267 of the expansion member 260.
  • the cylindrical curved surface 271 is concentric with the cylindrical curved surface 269.
  • the shape of the single first resisting projection 264 on the expansion member 260 is spherical, and the shape of the first abutting recess 272 on the wall of the blind hole 262 of the female member 261 is matched with the first abutting projection 264. Spherical shape.
  • the shape of the single second resisting projection 265 on the expansion member 260 is spherical; the shape of the second abutting recess 275 on the wall of the circular through hole 274 of the attachment member 273 is matched with the second abutting projection 265. Spherical shape.
  • the first abutment protrusion 264 and the first abutment recess 272 are in contact with each other by two spherical shapes, and the second abutment protrusion 265 and the second abutment recess 275 pass through two spherical surfaces. contact.
  • the axial positioning mechanism is the bottom surface 277 of the blind hole 262 of the parent member 261; and the expansion sleeve 276 is further provided with a cutout space 279 for avoiding the driving of the core rod 278 during the expansion of the expansion sleeve 276.
  • the depth of the emptiness space 279 is greater than the distance that the drive mandrel 278 moves axially during expansion of the expansion sleeve 276.
  • the shelter space 279 is formed by a cylindrical curved surface 271. The end surface of the lengthened section 267 of the expansion sleeve 276 abuts against the bottom surface of the circular blind hole 262.
  • the first resisting projection 264 on the expansion sleeve 276 is opposite to the corresponding first resisting recess 272 on the female member 261.
  • the expansion sleeve 276 The upper second resisting projection 265 is opposite the corresponding second resisting recess 275 on the attachment member 273.
  • the drive mandrel 278 includes a small rod 281 provided with a threaded portion that cooperates with a threaded bore 280 of the drive nut 268, a drive cone 282 coupled to the small rod 281, and a cylindrical straight rod portion coupled to the large end of the drive cone 282. 283, an inner hexagonal hole 284 is provided on the end surface of the driving core rod 278.
  • the expansion sleeve 276 In the unexpanded state of the expansion sleeve 276, the expansion sleeve 276 is axially displaced by the bottom surface 277 of the circular blind hole 262 of the parent member 261 by the lengthwise section 267, and the first resist projection 264 on the expansion sleeve 276 corresponds to the parent member 261.
  • the first resisting recess 272 is opposite, and the second resisting projection 265 on the expansion sleeve 276 is opposite the corresponding second resisting recess 275 on the attachment member 273.
  • connection method is different from that of Embodiment 1:
  • one end of the expansion sleeve 276 provided with the first abutting projection 264 extends through the circular through hole 274 of the attachment member 273 into the blind hole 262 of the female member 261, and expands.
  • the extended section 267 of the sleeve 276 is resisted by the bottom surface 277 of the blind hole 262 of the parent member 261, and the first abutment projection 264 on the expansion sleeve 276 is opposite the corresponding first abutment recess 272 on the parent member 261, the expansion sleeve
  • the second resisting projection 265 on the 276 is opposite to the corresponding second resisting recess 275 on the attachment member 273;
  • the driving core rod 278 is rotated to apply a force toward the driving core rod 278 in the axial direction of the female member 261 to expand before the first abutting projection 264 does not protrude into the corresponding first abutting recess 272 of the female member 261.
  • the sleeve 276 is always resisted by the bottom surface 277 of the circular blind bore 262 of the parent member 261.
  • the drive nut 268 drives the radial movement of the flap expander 260 by a relative motion with the drive core rod 278 in a threaded engagement, the first resisting projection on the expansion sleeve 276.
  • the corresponding first resisting recess 272 of the protruding portion 264 extends into the female member 261 to form a snap by spherical fit, and the second resisting projection 265 on the expansion sleeve 276 and the corresponding second resisting recess extending into the attachment member 273
  • the portion 275 forms a snap by a spherical fit
  • the hole in the parent member 310 is a stepped blind hole, and the large hole 313 of the attachment member 311 is attached to the expansion member 312, and the drive core is away from the attachment member 311.
  • the rod 314 avoids the small hole 315 of the driving core rod 314 during the expansion of the expansion sleeve 312.
  • the depth of the small hole 315 is greater than the distance of the driving core rod 314 for axial movement during the expansion of the expansion sleeve 312.
  • the axial positioning mechanism is a stepped surface 316 of the stepped blind hole.
  • the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve 312 is greater than the diameter of the small hole 315 of the stepped blind hole, so that the expansion sleeve 312 can resist against the step surface 316 when it is not expanded.
  • the driving core rod 320 includes a driving cone 321, a cylindrical straight rod portion 322 connected to the large end of the driving cone 321, and a small driving cone 321
  • the second abutting projection 329 is a positioning abutting portion that is disposed at one end of the expander body 327, axially positions the expansion sleeve 330, and radially protrudes from the expander body 327.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the second abutting projection 329 of the expansion sleeve 330 is distributed on the same circumferential surface, and an annular shape is formed between the adjacent two expansion members 326.
  • a recessed portion 331 that cooperates with the ridge 325 is provided on the wall of the expansion member 326 that forms the drive core receiving space.
  • the first abutting recess 333 on the female member 332 is a blind hole that fits the outer contour of the block-shaped first abutting projection 328, and the second retaining recess is not provided on the attachment member 334.
  • the expansion coupling structure is different from that of the eighth embodiment in that the expansion sleeve 350 is formed by the two-valve expansion member 351.
  • the expansion member 351 includes an expansion member body 352, and a first abutting protrusion 353 disposed at one end of the expansion member body 352 of the expansion member 351 is disposed at the other end end of the expansion member body 352 to axially position the expansion sleeve 350. And the positioning abutting portion 354 of the expansion body 352 is radially protruded.
  • the hole in the parent member 355 is a stepped blind hole, the small hole 356 of the step blind hole is close to the attachment member 357, and the large hole 358 of the stepped blind hole forms a first recessed portion.
  • the outer circumferential surface of the positioning resisting portion 354 of the expansion sleeve 350 is distributed on the same circumferential surface, and the outer circumferential surface of the first resisting convex portion 353 is distributed on the same circumferential surface, and the positioning resisting portion 354 and the first resisting portion are disposed.
  • the convex portions 353 are each formed in an annular shape that is disconnected between the adjacent two expansion members 351.
  • the expansion coupling assembly also includes a cap 359.
  • the cap 359 includes a lumen 360, and a buckle 361 is protruded from a bottom surface of the inner cavity 360.
  • An abutting groove 364 is formed on the outer circumference of the resisting portion 363 of the driving nut 362.
  • the resisting portion 363 of the driving nut 362 is resisted by the wave spring 365 on the end surface of the positioning resisting portion 354 of the expansion sleeve 350.
  • the cap 359 is fastened to the resisting groove 364 by the buckle 361 and the driving nut 362. Mounted together, a portion of the small rod 366 of the drive mandrel that protrudes from the parent member 355, and the abutment portion 363 of the drive nut 362 are fully received within the lumen 360 of the cap 359.
  • the coupling method is different from that of Embodiment 1. After the expansion sleeve 350 is fully expanded, when the resisting portion 363 of the driving nut 362 is resisted by the end surface of the expansion sleeve 350, the driving nut 362 and the driving core rod are completely mounted in position, and the driving core rod is stopped. Rotating; the buckle 361 of the cap 359 is then fastened in the abutment groove 364 of the drive nut 362.
  • the expansion coupling structure is different from that of the embodiment 9, in that the bottom surface of the inner cavity 381 of the cap 380 is provided with a boss 382, and the boss 382 is provided with a screw hole 383.
  • the threaded bore 383 of the cap 380 is threaded onto the threaded portion 386 of the drive spindle 385.
  • the driving core member is a driving core rod 390.
  • the driving core rod 390 includes a square tapered driving cone 391, a square rod portion 392 connected to the small end of the driving cone 391, a square rod portion 393 connected to the large end of the driving cone 391, and a radially protruding square rod portion 393. Positioning unit 398.
  • the expansion member 397 includes a flat surface 394 that fits the square rod portion 392 in an unexpanded state of the expansion sleeve 399, and the small end is connected to the flat surface 394 to engage the expansion cone surface 395 of the driving cone 391, and is connected to the large end of the expansion square cone surface 395.
  • the plane 396 of the partial square portion 393 is hocked.

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Abstract

一种膨胀联接结构、联接方法和膨胀联接组件，膨胀联接结构包括膨胀联接组件、母体构件（1）、附体构件（2）；膨胀联接组件包括驱动芯件、由膨胀件（8）组成的膨胀套（9）；在每瓣膨胀件（8）上设有膨胀用锥面（31）或膨胀用曲面；在驱动芯件上设有驱动锥面（101）或与驱动曲面；在母体构件（1）上设有第一抵挡凹陷部（4）；在膨胀件（8）上设有与第一抵挡凹陷部（4）配合的第一抵挡凸出部（13），第二抵挡凸出部（14）；在膨胀套（9）完全膨胀状态，第一抵挡凸出部（13）伸入相应的第一抵挡凹陷部（4）内相互抵挡形成卡合，第二抵挡凸出部（14）被附体构件（2）轴向抵挡，膨胀套（9）将附体构件（2）与母体构件（1）连接固定在一起；这样即使在载荷特别大、震动特别大、高温或高低温交叉变化等恶劣场合、连接也不会失效，非常可靠。

Description

一种膨胀联接结构及联接方法、膨胀联接组件 技术领域：
本发明涉及一种可代替螺纹连接和、膨胀螺丝连接等、机械静联接两个以上的物体的膨胀联接结构及联接方法、膨胀联接组件，特别是涉及一种可拆卸机械静联接飞机、船舶、设备、航空航天设备、航母、飞船、火箭、发动机、核反应设备、火车、高铁、铁轨、钢结构建筑、钢结构桥梁、汽车等等机械设备关键部位上的高要求、恶劣环境使用或载荷大的连接机械零件的膨胀联接结构及联接方法、膨胀联接组件。
背景技术：
现有的可拆卸机械静联接一般为螺纹连接、键连接、销连接、膨胀螺丝连接等，最广泛应用的为螺纹连接。
螺纹连接都需要拧紧。螺纹连接的螺母和螺栓之间的连接力，主要表现为拧紧螺纹和螺栓时的预紧力产生的静摩擦力。因此对关键物体的螺纹连接，必须控制预紧力的大小，以保证工作的可靠性。
参考连祖虎发表的“螺纹连接的失效形式及原因分析”一文的分析，螺纹连接的失效形式及原因分析具体为以下几个方面：
一是因载荷过大引起的螺纹连接的失效。螺纹连接的螺栓和螺母在拧紧时，螺栓因承受拉力引起伸长，导致螺母支承面附近的螺纹承受很大载荷，而且螺母承受的压缩载荷也产生同样的载荷集中。外载增加时，螺栓继续弹性伸长，被连接件压缩变形相应减小(即紧固力减小)，甚至消失；或因螺栓伸长(应变)超过了弹性极限，因塑性屈服而产生永久变形，使预紧力减少，导致连接失效(畸变、断裂、丧失紧密性等)。
二是常见的疲劳破坏导致的螺纹连接的失效。螺纹连接受交变载荷作用会使连接中的预紧力变化导致连接松脱。当循环交变载荷作用在仅连接的螺栓上时，螺栓因收较大的交变应力产生疲劳裂纹甚至断裂。疲劳失效通常发生在应力集中较严重的地方，如：螺杆头部、螺纹收尾部、螺杆支撑平面所在处的螺纹、螺杆的过渡圆角处等。
三是高温下导致螺纹连接失效的蠕变。蠕变是指金属材料在恒定温度和恒定应力的长期作用下，随着时间的延长材料缓慢地发生塑性变形。蠕变可以在小于材料的屈服极限的应力下发生。在低温下，蠕变并不明显，只有达到一定的温度(材料熔化温度的3/10左右)才变得显著。蠕变会导致高温下的螺纹连接失效。为了消除蠕变，当连接在室温下装配时采取补偿措施，如提高预紧力、或对螺栓再预紧等。
四是微动磨损导致螺纹连接的失效。微动磨损是由一承受重载荷的表面，在另一表面上做很小相对运动造成的。承载振动的螺纹连接最易产生微动磨损。
现有的对螺纹连接的防松，一是利用附加静摩擦力进行防松，如增加弹簧垫圈，或在低速重载场合下利用两螺母的对顶作用即对顶螺母防松，或在螺母中嵌有尼龙圈等；二是采用专门防松元件、或物质如防松胶水等；三是最主要的防松方式，就是提高螺栓螺母的抗拉强度，从4.9级、8.8级、10.9级、12.9级、14.9级一直不断提高。尽管采取了很多种方式改善螺纹连接的连接效果，但是物体间的连接还是依靠静摩擦力，无法从根本上解决上述几种螺纹连接的失效，如螺杆拉断、断头、螺纹的压溃和剪断、磨损后的滑扣等。
物体间的机械静联接出现一些关键部位连接的螺栓断裂、螺纹连接的失效引起的安全问题和安全事故，经常碰到，是全球面临的通病，也是本领域的技术人员不断研究改进急待解决还没有解决的问题。小螺栓、大事故，经常因螺栓断裂发生重大事故，如汽车
Figure PCTCN2015086418-appb-000001
发动机的连杆螺栓断裂造成捣缸事故；2009年4月18日发生的哈尔滨塔吊螺栓断裂造成的1死4伤的事故；据台湾媒体报道的核二厂一号机反应炉检出7支锚定螺栓断裂、毁损可能引起核安全的事故；2012年6月29日16时45分发生的、5号座舱支撑系统的中导柱螺栓发生疲劳断裂、造成深圳东部华侨城“太空迷航”娱乐项目发生6人死亡、10人受伤的重大安全事故；作为高端车辆的代表厂家，因无法解决螺丝断裂的技术问题，导致宝马发动 机因螺丝断裂瞬间失去动力熄火事件导致召回23万辆车(宝马(中国)汽车贸易有限公司、华晨宝马汽车有限公司决定自2014年6月18日起，召回23万辆车)，制造厂家受到巨大经济损失和商誉损失，更严重的是会造成车主的生命财产安全等等，全世界每年因为螺纹连接失效导致的一系列安全事故非常多，例子不胜枚举。
现有的膨胀螺丝由螺杆和膨胀管等部件组成，螺杆尾部为圆锥状，圆锥的外径大于膨胀管内径。当螺母拧紧的时候，螺杆圆锥向膨胀管移动，通过螺纹的轴向移动使圆锥部分移动，进而在膨胀管的外周面形成很大的正压力使膨胀管变形，变形部分与连接物体胀紧，从而连接物体间形成摩擦自锁，进而达到固定作用。膨胀螺纹连接的固定，是利用楔形斜度来促使膨胀产生静摩擦，达到固定效果，一般用于建筑上防护栏、雨篷、空调等在水泥、砖等不便攻螺纹的材料上的紧固；但它的固定并不十分可靠，如果载荷有较大震动，可能发生松脱，因此不推荐用于安装吊扇等，膨胀螺丝一般不用于机械零件的连接。
专利号为92205294.8的实用新型专利中，公开了一种用于紧固构件或作为嵌装螺母使用的多功能膨胀螺栓，它由膨胀栓体、膨胀芯杆、冲芯杆组成；膨胀栓体上部有一帽；膨胀栓体尾端开有十字形豁口；膨胀栓体中心开有一个圆柱形带螺纹的芯孔，冲芯杆带螺纹、也可以不带螺纹。膨胀联接结构包括母体连接部上的光盲孔，附体连接部上的光通孔，膨胀栓体穿过附体连接部上的光通孔伸入到母体连接部上的光盲孔内，将冲芯杆沿芯孔打击进去时，推动膨胀芯杆顶入墙内，尾端膨胀，膨胀栓体将母体连接部、附体连接部连接在一起。膨胀联接结构的联接方法包括：将冲芯杆沿芯孔打击进去时，推动膨胀芯杆顶入墙内，尾端膨胀，可以起到紧固作用；也可以做为嵌装螺母预埋在墙内，拧进不同形状的螺杆，可以起不同的安装固定作用。膨胀联接结构的拆卸方法包括：如果需要将多功能膨胀螺栓拆除，只需将膨胀芯杆冲过膨胀栓体的尾端，然后用拉销器将膨胀栓体拉出即可，拆卸时只需用电钻将帽钻削掉即可。这种结构的膨胀螺栓，依靠胀开后的膨胀栓体的尾端变形嵌入到母体内。该专利的膨胀螺钉、膨胀联接结构及联接方法，主要存在以下几个方面的不足：一是母体的材料硬度要远低于膨胀栓体的材料硬度，膨胀栓体的尾端才能嵌入到母体内，使用范围受限，适用于砖、瓦、水泥、木结构等不便攻螺纹的构件上的紧固安装或作嵌装螺母使用，不适合机械零件特别是金属机械零件的连接；二是主要依靠膨胀栓体的尾端膨胀变形后对母体壁孔内壁产生较大的径向静态挤压力，径向挤压力产生的静摩擦力和膨胀栓体的尾端变形后的抵挡力将膨胀栓体、母体、附体连接在一起，实现防松脱的目的；由于在母体内预钻的壁孔内径通常与膨胀栓体的直径相配，膨胀栓体的尾端能够胀开的幅度即变形量较小，其与母体的壁孔内壁径向挤压力产生的静摩擦力只存在于膨胀栓体尾端段；当载荷较大或用于有震动的场合，膨胀栓体与母体的孔壁之间会发生微量滑动摩擦，随着时间的累积，滑动量增大，就有可能因膨胀螺栓松脱导致物件脱落而发生安全事故；或者在膨胀栓体受较大的轴向方向的载荷时，膨胀栓体的尾端会在受到母体的作用力下收拢变形，使膨胀栓体尾端与母体的静摩擦力、膨胀栓体变形后的抵挡力大大减小，因此膨胀栓体在受到较大的轴向力的作用下会克服膨胀栓体的尾端与母体间的静摩擦力、膨胀栓体的尾端变形后的抵挡力将膨胀栓体从母体内拉出，导致易失效；因此这种结构的膨胀螺栓，不适用于载荷较大或有较大震动的场合，对于如附体安装在母体下方的膨胀螺栓受到较大的轴向载荷的情况下也不太适用，不推荐该种膨胀螺栓用于紧固吊扇等物件；三是该膨胀螺栓虽然可拆卸，拆卸时需将膨胀芯杆冲过膨胀栓体的尾端，然后用拉销器将膨胀栓体拉出即可，拆卸时只需用电钻将帽钻削掉即可；一方面拆卸麻烦，另一方面拆卸后膨胀螺栓完全破坏掉不能再用，特别是因膨胀栓体的尾端因胀开变形大于母体上的孔，拆卸时会严重损坏母体。
专利号为201220208899.2的实用新型专利中，公开了一种膨胀螺钉，包括螺钉(1)、楔形螺母(2)、装饰套(6)，螺钉(1)上设置有楔形套(5)和楔形螺母(2)，楔形套(5)和楔形螺母(2)外面设置有对合两个半外套(3)，两个半外套(3)中间绕有弹簧(4)。这种结构的膨胀联接结构，两个半外套完全安装在母体内，通过楔形套的锥形部穿过附体、再通过螺钉穿过锥形套与楔形螺母固定将附体与母体连接在一起。膨胀联接结构的联接方法及拆卸方法包括以下步骤：在墙壁或地面上钻好与圆柱形外套一样大的孔，将膨胀螺钉插入预制孔内，由于楔形螺母上三角形斜楔被两个半外套卡往，拧紧螺钉时，楔形螺母靠 近楔形套，将两个半外套撑开与预制孔胀紧，达到紧固的目的；当松开螺钉后，楔形螺母远离楔形套，两个半外套在弹簧的作用下合在一起收缩，便可拆除膨胀螺钉。该专利的膨胀螺钉、膨胀联接结构及联接方法，虽然拆卸时不会损坏膨胀螺钉和母体，还是存在以下几个方面的不足：一是两个半外套与母体之间的连接力还是胀紧静摩擦力，附体与母体之间的连接力为螺钉与楔形螺母之间的螺纹连接预紧静摩擦力，因此在轴线方向受力很小，螺纹连接的缺点随时会体现出来；二是两个半外套在母体内无法轴向定位。
专利号为201210245807.2的发明专利中，公开了一种在建筑物上开制壁孔固定物件的方法及该方法所使用的膨胀螺栓、专用镗具，方法主要包括以下步骤：按传统方法钻出盲孔；用专用镗具在盲孔的底部镗出直径大于盲孔直径的扩孔并形成台阶面；膨胀螺栓插入到盲孔内；安装被固定物件；套上垫圈后用扳手旋紧螺母，在旋紧的过程中，螺杆尾部逐渐挤压膨胀套尾部的瓣片使其逐渐向外弯曲，最后形成勾抵于上述台阶面的翻边。该发明专利，虽然由于将膨胀套尾部的瓣片与混凝土之间由径向挤压力产生的滑动静摩擦力变为瓣片对混凝土的轴向勾抵力，通过增厚瓣片的厚度，进一步提高膨胀螺栓的防脱性能，防止物件坠落，这种在建筑物上开制壁孔固定物件的方法及该方法所使用的膨胀螺栓、专用镗具，存在以下几个不足：一是膨胀套尾部的瓣片是通过变形与扩孔形成配合，无法与扩孔精密配合，特别是膨胀套尾部的瓣片与扩孔形成线接触，在膨胀套尾部的瓣片与扩孔的线接触位置会产生很大的应力集中导致该处断裂，以及膨胀套由于需要变形因此不能够制造成高强度而容易断裂，因此虽然膨胀套尾部的瓣片与混凝土之间由径向挤压力产生的滑动静摩擦力变为瓣片对混凝土的轴向勾抵力，但固定还是很不可靠；二是在建筑物上扩孔，建筑物为混凝土材料，在与膨胀套尾部的瓣片的线接触位置产生的很大的应力会导致该处混凝土脱落，在母体、附体、膨胀螺栓间容易产生很大的轴向间隙，严重影响固定效果；三是附体与母体之间的连接力还是螺纹连接预紧静摩擦力，螺纹连接的缺点随时会体现出来。
专利号为201120031423.1的实用新型专利中，公开了一种快速膨胀地脚螺栓，在外套管张紧叶片上设有数个外套管防滑凸块，该防滑凸块的作用仅仅是增加静摩擦力，并没有抵挡的作用，同时也是一种螺纹连接，具备了螺纹连接的所有缺点。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，为了克服现有全球广泛使用的可拆卸机械静联接的螺纹连接技术中存在的问题。也就是普通螺钉和普通螺栓依靠静摩擦力将物体连接在一起，膨胀螺栓和膨胀是依靠静摩擦力、或依靠膨胀套的变形抵挡将物体连接在一起，这样在载荷大，特别是轴向载荷大或震动大或高温或高低温交叉变化等恶劣场合、上述结构的连接易失效引起事故。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种膨胀联接结构及联接方法、膨胀联接组件，在轴向方向用整体式结构连接母体构件和附体构件、且依靠面与面的抵挡力将母体构件和附体构件连接在一起，即使在载荷特别大特别是轴向载荷特别大、或震动特别大、或高温或高低温交叉变化等恶劣场合、连接也不会失效，连接非常可靠。
实现本发明的一种膨胀联接结构，包括膨胀联接组件、母体构件、附体构件；
在母体构件上设有孔，在附体构件上设有通孔；
膨胀联接组件包括驱动芯件、两瓣以上的膨胀件；膨胀件组成用来合抱驱动芯件的膨胀套；在每瓣膨胀件上设有驱动膨胀套膨胀的膨胀用锥面或膨胀用曲面；
在膨胀套内设有驱动芯件容置空间，膨胀用锥面设置在驱动芯件容置空间的壁上；
在驱动芯件上设有与每瓣膨胀套上的膨胀用锥面配合的驱动锥面、或与每瓣膨胀套上的膨胀用曲面配合的驱动曲面；
其特征在于：在母体构件的孔的孔壁上设有第一抵挡凹陷部；
膨胀件包括膨胀件本体，径向凸设在膨胀件本体的外周上、与第一抵挡凹陷部配合的第一抵挡凸出部，径向凸设在膨胀件本体的第二抵挡凸出部；
驱动芯件安装在驱动芯件容置空间内，膨胀件本体安装在母体构件上的孔和附体构件上的通孔内；在膨胀套完全膨胀状态，第一抵挡凸出部伸入相应的第一抵挡凹陷部内相互抵挡 形成卡合，第二抵挡凸出部被附体构件轴向抵挡，膨胀套将附体构件与母体构件连接固定在一起。
作为方案一的改进，第二抵挡凸出部为设置在膨胀件本体的端部、对膨胀套轴向定位、且径向凸出膨胀件本体的定位抵挡部；
在膨胀套未膨胀状态，膨胀套的第二抵挡凸出部凸出附体构件上的通孔、并被附体构件轴向抵挡定位，第一抵挡凸出部与相应的第一抵挡凹陷部正对。第二抵挡凸出部为定位抵挡部，一方面能对膨胀套轴向定位，另一方面不需在附体构件上加工与第二抵挡凸出不配合的凹陷部，降低加工成本，还有第二抵挡凸部结构简单，易成形。
作为方案一的改进，在附体构件的通孔的孔壁上设有第二抵挡凹陷部，第二抵挡凸出部与第二抵挡凹陷部配合；在膨胀套或母体构件上设有轴向定位机构，轴向定位机构对膨胀套轴向抵挡定位；在膨胀套完全膨胀状态，第二抵挡凸出部伸入相应的第二抵挡凹陷部内相互抵挡形成卡合。在附体构件厚度特别厚时，这种结构的膨胀件由于不需贯穿附体构件，膨胀件不需设计很长，大大提高膨胀件受力，因此这种结构特别适合附体构件的厚度很厚的情况；第二抵挡凸出部可以为多个，这样膨胀套可以承受更大的轴向载荷。
作为方案二或三的改进，第一抵挡凸出部为设置在膨胀件本体外周的一个个独立的球面形、或柱形、或块状的凸起，第一抵挡凹陷部为与球面形的第一抵挡凸出部配合的球面形或柱形凹陷部、或为与柱形的第一抵挡凸出部配合的柱形凹陷部、或与块状的第一抵挡凸出部外轮廓配合的孔；在附体构件与膨胀件间还设有径向定位机构；在膨胀套未膨胀状态，膨胀件通过径向定位结构径向定位、通定位抵挡部轴向定位或通过轴向定位机构轴向定位，第一抵挡凸出部与相应的第一抵挡凹陷部正对。这种结构的膨胀件与母体构件之间不会产生转动，满足某些特殊需要。这种结构的驱动芯杆可铸造成型。
作为方案二的改进，膨胀件本体的外周面为圆柱形曲面沿膨胀件本体一端端部的外周面径向凸设形成定位抵挡部，沿膨胀件本体另一端端部的外周面径向凸设形成的第一抵挡凸部；母体构件上的孔为阶梯盲孔，阶梯盲孔的小孔靠近附体构件，阶梯盲孔的大孔形成第一凹陷部；在膨胀套完全膨胀状态，膨胀套的第一抵挡凸部伸入阶梯盲孔的大孔内并被阶梯孔阶梯面轴向抵挡，第一抵挡凸部的外周面分布在同一圆柱形面上，定位抵挡部的外周面分布在同一圆柱形面上，第一抵挡凸部、膨胀件本体、定位抵挡部的外周面同心，第一抵挡凸部和定位抵挡部形成在相邻两膨胀件结合位置断开的圆环。这种结构的膨胀件的外周面均为弧形，结构简单，加工方便，受力好；阶梯孔的大孔形成第一凹陷部，第一凹陷部加工较容易；第一抵挡部与第一凹陷部仅一个面接触相互抵挡，降低加工精度，更容易实现膨胀套与母体构件、附体构件在轴向方向无间隙配合，受力更好、连接效果更好，且膨胀套结构简单，母体构件上的第一凹陷部容易加工，加工成本较低。
作为方案一的改进，驱动芯件还包括与驱动锥面大端相连的直光杆部，驱动芯件容置空间包括与膨胀用锥面小端相连的圆柱形曲面；与膨胀用锥面小端相连的圆柱形曲面的直径等于与驱动锥面大端相连的直光杆部的直径；直光杆部的轴向长度大于驱动锥面的轴向长度；在膨胀套完全膨胀状态，与膨胀用锥面小端相连的圆柱形曲面通过面与面接触和与驱动锥面大端相连的直光杆部的外周面抵靠在一起，驱动芯件上的驱动锥面与膨胀套上相应的膨胀用锥面之间在轴线方向存在设定距离。在驱动芯件驱动膨胀套膨胀过程中，驱动锥面沿膨胀用锥面滑动。在膨胀套完全膨胀状态，驱动芯件的直光杆部与驱动锥面大端相连的一端越过膨胀用锥面的小端，由于与膨胀用锥面小端相连的圆柱形曲面的直径等于与驱动锥面大端相连的直光杆部的直径，圆柱形曲面与直光杆部的外周面通过面与面接触抵靠在一起，相比膨胀套和驱动芯件线接触，膨胀套基本不会因为受到径向方向的力产生变形导致驱动芯件和膨胀套之间产生径向方向的间隙，确保膨胀套处于完全膨胀状态。驱动锥面与膨胀套上相应的膨胀用锥面之间在轴线方向存在设定距离，因此可以设定在膨胀套完全膨胀后，驱动芯件在膨胀套上还继续滑动一段距离。采用这种结构，在工作状态，即使驱动芯件朝向与驱动芯件驱动膨胀套膨胀的运动方向相反的方向发生了部分位移，膨胀套会继续保持膨胀状态，从而可确保膨胀套在恶劣的工作环境下保持在完全膨胀状态。即是确保第一抵挡凸出部保持在第一抵挡凹陷部内，从而使用非常可靠，不会出现膨胀联接组件连接失效的安全事故。膨胀件的外周面和形成驱动芯件容置空间的壁在同一截面的形 状可为同心的圆弧，这样膨胀件加工方便；也可以为与膨胀用锥面大端相连的圆柱形曲面和与驱动锥面大端相连的直光杆部面与面接触紧配合或均匀间隙配合，这样在驱动芯件驱动膨胀套膨胀时运动更平稳。
作为方案三的改进，轴向定位机构为设置在膨胀件本体的端部、且径向凸出膨胀件本体的定位部；在膨胀套未膨胀状态，膨胀套的定位部凸出附体构件上的通孔，并被附体构件抵挡定位。这种结构的定位部，结构简单，加工方便，膨胀套的安装简单方便。
作为上述方案的改进，还包括套在膨胀套的膨胀件本体上、消除轴向间隙的波形弹簧或弹性垫圈，波形弹簧或弹性垫圈安装在定位部与附体构件之间、或安装在定位抵挡部部与附体构件之间。波形弹簧或弹性垫圈，可以消除膨胀套上的第一抵挡凸出部与母体构件上的第一抵挡凹陷部、第二抵挡凸出部与附体构件上的第二抵挡凹陷部因配合需要和加工误差产生的间隙，使膨胀套、母体构件、附体构件轴向无间隙紧配合，连接效果更好。
作为方案一的改进，三母体构件上的孔为盲孔；轴向定位机构包括设置在母体构件上的孔的孔底与膨胀套之间设有定位弹簧；在定位弹簧的自由状态，膨胀套上的第一抵挡凸出部与母体构件上相应的第一抵挡凹陷部正对，膨胀套上的第二抵挡凸出部与附体构件上相应的第二抵挡凹陷部正对。通过定位弹簧定位，在驱动膨胀套时，通过目测目测(能目测吗？？可以的)通过目测膨胀套与附体构件的位置，使膨胀套在膨胀过程中抵挡凸出部能顺利进入到抵挡凹陷部内。
母体构件上的孔为阶梯孔，靠近附体构件的为安装膨胀套的大孔，远离附体构件的为在驱动芯杆驱动膨胀套膨胀过程中避空驱动芯杆的小孔，小孔的深度要大于驱动芯杆在膨胀过程中轴向运动的距离，轴向定位机构为阶梯孔的阶梯面。
小孔的深度要大于驱动芯杆在膨胀过程中轴向运动的距离，通过阶梯部的阶梯面定位，膨胀套在膨胀过程中无轴向方向的运动，仅径向方向膨胀，因此抵挡凸出部能顺利进入到抵挡凹陷部内。
作为方案一的改进，母体构件上的孔为盲孔；轴向定位机构为盲孔的底面；在膨胀套内还设有在驱动芯杆驱动膨胀套膨胀过程中避空驱动芯杆的避空空间，避空空间的深度要大于驱动芯杆在膨胀过程中轴向运动的距离；膨胀套的端面抵挡在盲孔的底面上，膨胀套上的第一抵挡凸出部与母体构件上相应的第一抵挡凹陷部正对，膨胀套上的第二抵挡凸出部与附体构件上相应的第二抵挡凹陷部正对。(前一括号内的内容建议删除，另外，这种实施式的膨胀过程似乎很不方便，定位机构一定要有这个作用，否则失去定位的意义了，实现没问题的)。
通过膨胀套背的端面抵挡在盲孔的底面上定位，膨胀套在膨胀过程中无轴向方向的运动，仅径向方向膨胀，避空空间在驱动芯杆运动过程中提供运动空间，使抵挡凸出部能顺利进入到抵挡凹陷部内。
作为方案一的改进，驱动芯件包括驱动芯杆；膨胀联接组件还包括限位机构，限位机构为卡簧和卡槽，卡槽设置在膨胀套内与卡簧配合；在膨胀套完全膨胀状态，卡簧安装在卡槽内，卡簧对驱动芯杆背离母体构件的面限位、使驱动芯杆保持在膨胀套完全膨胀的位置不变。膨胀联接组件还包括限位机构，在使用过程中完全确保驱动芯件处于膨胀套完全膨胀的状态不变，从而完全确保在使用过程中膨胀套处于完全膨胀的状态，膨胀套的第一抵挡凸出部抵挡在母体构件的第一抵挡凹陷部内，确保膨胀联接组件连接母体构件和附体构件连接可靠，做到万无一失。
作为方案一的改进，在每瓣膨胀件上形成驱动芯件容置空间的相应位置设有凸条或凹陷部，在膨胀件的凸条或凹陷部上设有膨胀用锥面；在驱动芯件上设有与每瓣膨胀件上的凸条配合的凹陷部、或与每瓣膨胀件上的凹陷部配合的凸条，在驱动芯件的凸条或凹陷部上设有驱动锥面。
在膨胀件上设有带膨胀用锥面的凸条，在驱动芯件上设有带驱动锥面的凹陷部，在母体构件上的孔和附体构件上的通孔的孔径不变的情况下，膨胀件上的凸条相当于增加了加强筋，从而大大提高膨胀套可承受的轴向载荷；在驱动芯件上设有带驱动锥面的凸条，在膨胀件上设有带膨胀用锥面的凹陷部，在母体构件上的孔和附体构件的通孔的孔径不变的情况下，可大大增加膨胀件的厚度，从而大大提高膨胀套可承受的轴向载荷。
作为方案一的改进，母体构件为一连接套，附体构件
Figure PCTCN2015086418-appb-000002
两个以上的独立的被连接元件。这种结构的膨胀联接结构，可将母体和膨胀联接组件加工成标准件，在附体构件上不需要加工抵挡凹陷部或螺纹，大大降低加工成本低，特别适用于与母体构件接触的附体构件很薄无法加工抵挡凹陷部的情况，这种结构的膨胀联接结构、做成标准件的母体和膨胀联接组件类似现有的螺栓和螺母结构。
作为方案一的改进，第二抵挡凸出部为设置在膨胀件本体的一端端部、对膨胀套轴向定位、且径向凸出膨胀件本体的定位抵挡部；
在膨胀套未膨胀状态，膨胀套的第二抵挡凸出部凸出附体构件上的通孔、并被附体构件轴向抵挡定位；
第一抵挡凸出部为设置在膨胀件本体外周的一个个独立的球面形的、或柱形的、或块状的凸起，第一抵挡凹陷部为与球面形的第一抵挡凸出部配合、或为与柱形的第一抵挡凸出部配合的柱形侧通孔、或为与块状的第一抵挡凸出部外轮廓配合的侧通孔。
由于母体构件为一连接件时，母体构件类似螺母，比较小，容易加工侧孔，因此将为连接件的母体构件上的第一凹陷部加工为侧通孔的形状，加工成本低。
作为方案一至三、五至十四的共同改进，膨胀联接组件还包括盖帽；盖帽包括内腔，在内腔的底面凸设有卡扣；在膨胀套或驱动芯件上设有抵挡槽；在膨胀套完全膨胀状态，盖帽通过卡扣扣合在抵挡槽上与膨胀套或驱动芯件安装在一起，凸出母体构件和/或附体构件的膨胀套、或凸出母体构件和/或附体构件的膨胀套和驱动芯件容置在盖帽的内腔内。
作为方案一至三、五至十四的共同改进，膨胀联接组件还包括盖帽；盖帽包括内腔，在内腔的底面设有凸柱，在凸柱上设有螺纹孔；在驱动芯杆上设有凸出膨胀套的螺纹部；在膨胀套完全膨胀状态，盖帽的螺纹孔螺纹连接在驱动芯杆上，凸出母体构件和/或附体构件的膨胀套、或凸出母体构件和/或附体构件的膨胀套和驱动芯件容置在盖帽的内腔内。设有盖帽，将膨胀套和驱动芯件盖住，不但外观美观，特别是还可以防尘、防水、防日照等，大大降低膨胀联接组件受到外部环境的腐蚀等损害，大大提高膨胀联接组件的连接可靠性和使用寿命。可只在朝向环境恶劣的一侧如室外设有盖帽，如两侧环境都比较恶劣，在需在两侧设有盖帽。
一种膨胀联接结构的联接方法，其特征在于联接方法包括：
提供一种膨胀联接组件，膨胀联接组件包括驱动芯件、两瓣以上的膨胀件；膨胀件组成用来合抱驱动芯件的膨胀套；
提供需要进行联接的母体构件和附体构件；在母体构件上设有孔，在附体构件上设有通孔；在母体构件的孔的孔壁上设有第一抵挡凹陷部；
膨胀件包括膨胀件本体，径向凸设在膨胀件本体的外周上、与第一抵挡凹陷部配合的第一抵挡凸出部，径向凸设在膨胀件本体的第二抵挡凸出部；
将驱动芯件安装在驱动芯件容置空间内，将膨胀件套设有第一抵挡凸出部的一端穿过附体构件上的通孔伸入母体构件上的孔内；
驱动芯件驱动膨胀套膨胀第一抵挡凸出部伸入第一抵挡凹陷部形成卡合，附体构件被第二抵挡凸出部轴向抵挡；
膨胀套将附体构件与母体构件连接固定在一起。
作为上述方案的改进，膨胀套完全膨胀后，膨胀套不再径向方向运动并保持完全膨胀状态不变，驱动芯杆继续相对膨胀套轴线方向运动至设定位置。
设定在膨胀套完全膨胀后，驱动芯杆在膨胀套上还继续滑动一段距离。采用这种结构，在工作状态，即使驱动芯杆朝向与驱动芯杆驱动膨胀套膨胀的运动方向相反的方向发生了部分位移，膨胀套会继续保持膨胀状态，从而可确保膨胀套在恶劣的工作环境下保持在完全膨胀状态。即是确保抵挡凸出部保持在抵挡凹陷部内，从而使用非常可靠，不会出现膨胀联接组件连接失效的安全事故。
一种膨胀联接组件，包括驱动芯件、两瓣以上的膨胀件；膨胀件组成用来合抱驱动芯件的膨胀套；
在每瓣膨胀件上设有驱动膨胀套膨胀的膨胀用锥面或膨胀用曲面；
在膨胀套内设有驱动芯件容置空间，膨胀用锥面设置在驱动芯件容置空间的壁上；
在驱动芯件上设有与每瓣膨胀套上的膨胀用锥面配合的驱动锥面、或与每瓣膨胀套上的膨胀用曲面配合的驱动曲面；
每瓣膨胀件包括与母体构件上的孔和附体构件上的通孔配合的膨胀件本体，径向凸设在膨胀件本体上、与母体构件上的孔的孔壁上的第一抵挡凹陷部配合的第一抵挡凸出部，径向凸设在膨胀件本体上、有将附体构件抵挡固定在母体构件上的第二抵挡凸出部。
作为方案十九的改进，还包括弹簧，在每瓣膨胀件的外周面上径向设有弹簧容置槽，两瓣以上的膨胀件通过弹簧合抱在一起组成膨胀套，弹簧完全容置在弹簧容置槽内；在膨胀套未膨胀状态，膨胀套上的膨胀用锥面合抱在驱动锥面上。
将驱动芯件安装在驱动芯件容置空间内，再用弹簧将两瓣以上的膨胀件安装在一起组成膨胀套使其不分开，膨胀联接组件在工厂就装配好，运输过程中也不会散开，使用时更方便、快速、简易。
作为方案十九的改进，驱动芯件包括驱动芯杆；驱动芯杆包括驱动芯杆本体，凸设在驱动芯杆本体上用来驱动膨胀套膨胀和收缩的膨胀收缩用凸出部；用来驱动膨胀套膨胀的驱动锥面设置在凸出部朝向母体构件的一侧，在凸出部朝向附体构件的一侧形成用来收缩膨胀套的收缩用锥形凹陷部，驱动芯杆上的驱动锥面与收缩用锥形凹陷部的锥度方向一致；驱动芯件容置空间包括与驱动芯杆的膨胀收缩用凸出部配合的膨胀收缩用容置槽，在膨胀收缩用容置槽背离母体构件一侧的槽壁形成与驱动芯杆的驱动锥面配合的膨胀用锥面，在膨胀收缩用容置槽背离附体构件一侧的槽壁形成与驱动芯杆的收缩用锥形凹陷部配合的收缩用锥面。
设有相互配合的收缩用锥形凹陷部和收缩用锥面，在拆卸时，驱动芯杆的收缩用锥形凹陷部与膨胀套上的收缩用锥面配合，使膨胀套收拢，膨胀套上的第一抵挡凸出部完全脱离母体构件上的第一抵挡凹陷部，拆卸更容易、更可靠，确保膨胀套在拆卸过程中不会损坏。
本发明的有益效果是：
第一，在膨胀套完全膨胀状态，第一抵挡凸出部伸入相应的第一抵挡凹陷部内相互抵挡形成卡合，第二抵挡凸出部轴向抵挡被附体构件，膨胀套将附体构件与母体构件连接固定在一起。
本发明的膨胀联接结构确保其承力结构是面与面之间的抵挡结构，膨胀联接组件与母体构件和附体构件的连接力主要是轴向一体式的膨胀套对母体构件和附体构件的抵挡力，而不是依靠螺纹连接的预紧静摩擦力或膨胀螺丝的胀紧静摩擦力。
这种膨胀联接结构可以承受的连接力非常大。膨胀套与母体构件、附体构件之间轴向无预紧力，相对于螺纹连接，膨胀套无需承受预紧载荷，因此能在载荷大特别是轴向载荷大、振动大、高温等环境下均不会引起连接失效。
相对于使用螺钉、螺栓结构的机械静联接是依靠预紧与母体构件产生静摩擦力连接具有更大的优点，能完全克服因载荷过大、疲劳破坏、高温下的蠕变、微动磨损等引起的几种常见的连接失效形式。
相对于使用膨胀螺钉或膨胀螺栓仅依靠膨胀后对母体构件壁孔内壁产生较大的径向静态挤压力、径向挤压力产生的静摩擦力连接具有更大的优点，在载荷较大或有震动的场合，不会因微量滑动摩擦导致连接失效。
本发明彻底打破了现有的螺纹连接的螺钉或螺栓机械静联接依靠预紧产生的静摩擦力、膨胀螺钉或膨胀螺栓的机械静联接依靠膨胀产生的胀紧静摩擦力或依靠膨胀套变形产生的抵挡力来连接物体的惯性思维。
第二，膨胀套的第一抵挡凸出部和母体构件相应的第一抵挡凹陷部是事先加工出来的，第一抵挡凸出部不是依靠膨胀套膨胀变形形成的。膨胀套设计成两瓣(其中膨胀套为三瓣的效果最好)以上，在膨胀过程中膨胀套不会变形，其一，第一抵挡凸出部的个数和形状可以根据受力情况自由设计，同时母体构件上的第一抵挡凹陷部的位置也根据膨胀套的结构和附体构件的厚度来事先设计，因此能根据需要承受很大的外力且连接很可靠；其二，使用范围广，不需要母体构件的材料硬度要远低于膨胀套的材料硬度，也不需要膨胀套与母体构件间需要较大的摩擦系数，完全可替代螺钉或螺栓使用，能用于飞机、船舶、设备、 航空航天设备、航母、飞船、火箭、发动机、核反应设备、火车、高铁、铁轨、钢结构建筑、钢结构桥梁、汽车等等的受到很大的载荷特别是轴向载荷、或很高的温度或冷热交叉变化温度、或很大的振动等工作环境下的关键部位的机械零件的连接。现有的膨胀套为一个整体式的膨胀螺栓或膨胀螺钉，如专利号为201210245807.2的发明专利中公开的一种在建筑物上开制壁孔固定物件的方法及该方法所使用的膨胀螺栓、专用镗具，先用专用镗具在盲孔的底部镗出直径大于盲孔直径的扩孔并形成台阶面，在膨胀的过程中，驱动芯杆尾部逐渐挤压膨胀套尾部的瓣片使其逐渐向外弯曲，最后形成勾抵于上述台阶面的翻边，这种结构的膨胀螺栓，由于与扩孔配合翻边是变形生成的，具体怎么变形是无法精确计算的，因此无法事先在母体构件内加工与变形后的翻边配合的扩孔形状，存在变形后的翻边与扩孔配合的抵挡部为线配合的致命缺陷，而且膨胀套无法实现高强度的热处理加硬、无法实现在母体构件上设计一个与膨胀套胀尾部开后的翻边精密配合、抵挡部为面配合的扩孔，阻断了本领域的技术人员从该专利所公开的技术方案实现本专利所要求保护的技术方案的技术启示。
第三，通过膨胀套的第二抵挡凸出部被附体构件抵挡，通过驱动芯件将膨胀套膨膨胀、使膨胀套上的第一抵挡凸出部伸入到母体构件的第一抵挡凹陷部内，由于母体构件上的第一抵挡凹陷部各自独立，不是螺纹状，膨胀套与母体构件不会滑丝松动(不会反转松脱)母体构件不会因为螺纹滑丝损坏，第一抵挡凸出部和第一抵挡凹陷部在工作过程中损坏和脱离卡合的几率几乎为零，，因此通过膨胀联接组件连接母体构件与附体构件非常可靠；而驱动芯件只是起到驱动膨胀套膨胀的作用，不是通过与驱动芯件螺纹配合的紧固件将附体构件抵挡固定在母体构件上，在膨胀套完全膨胀状态驱动芯件的受力非常小，即使驱动芯件使用螺纹连接也几乎不可能引起螺纹连接的失效，因此在膨胀套完全膨胀状态驱动芯件与膨胀套的固定也非常可靠，而且还很容易实现对驱动芯件永不脱落固定在膨胀套上，从而实现母体构件与附体构件在工作状态下的连接永不脱落。
四是由于在膨胀过程中膨胀套没有变形，膨胀套也没有嵌入到母体构件中去引起母体构件变形，膨胀套与母体构件的径向连接力非常小，母体构件上的第一抵挡凹陷部在工作状态也几乎不可能损坏；因此拆卸时，只需将驱动芯件脱离膨胀位置，不需要很大的力就可将膨胀联接组件从母体构件和附体构件中取出，拆卸时不会损坏膨胀联接组件，也不会损坏母体构件，不但膨胀联接组件可多次重复使用，而且母体构件也不会因与膨胀联接组件连接的位置受到损坏需重新加工或报废。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的膨胀联接结构、在膨胀套未膨胀状态的主视图。
图2是图1的A-A的剖视图。
图3是本发明实施例1带波形弹簧的膨胀联接组件的立体示意图。
图4是本发明实施例1带卡簧和波形弹簧的膨胀联接组件的立体分解示意图。
图5是本发明实施例1的膨胀联接结构、在膨胀套完全膨胀状态的主视图。
图6是图5的B-B的剖视图。
图7是图5的I部放大示意图
图8是本发明实施例2的膨胀联接结构在膨胀套未膨胀状态过其中一瓣膨胀件的中心位置的剖视图。
图9是本发明实施例3的膨胀联接结构在膨胀套未膨胀状态过其中一瓣膨胀件的中心位置的剖视图。
图10是本发明实施例4的膨胀联接结构在膨胀套未膨胀状态过其中一瓣膨胀件的中心位置的剖视图。
图11是本发明实施例5的膨胀联接结构在膨胀套未膨胀状态过其中一瓣膨胀件的中心位置的剖面图。
图12是本发明实施例5带卡簧和波形弹簧的膨胀联接组件的立体分解示意图。
图13是本发明实施例6的膨胀紧固连接结构在膨胀套未膨胀状态过其中一瓣膨胀件的中心位置的剖视图。
图14是本发明实施例7的膨胀联接结构在膨胀套未膨胀状态过其中一瓣膨胀件的中心位置的剖面图。
图15是本发明实施例8的膨胀联接结构在膨胀套未膨胀状态过其中一瓣膨胀件的中心位置的剖面图。
图16是本发明实施例9的膨胀联接结构在膨胀套未膨胀状态过其中一瓣膨胀件的中心位置的剖面图。
图17是本发明实施例9带卡簧和波形弹簧的膨胀联接组件的立体分解示意图。
图18是本发明实施例10的膨胀联接结构在膨胀套完全膨胀状态过其中一瓣膨胀件的中心位置的剖视图。
图19是本发明实施例10的膨胀联接组件带止转螺母和波形弹簧的的立体分解示意图。
图20是本发明实施例11的膨胀联接结构在膨胀套完全膨胀状态过其中一瓣膨胀件的中心位置的剖视图。
图21是本发明实施例12的膨胀联接结构在膨胀套完全膨胀状态过其中一瓣膨胀件的中心位置的剖视图。
图22是本发明实施例12的膨胀联接组件带止转螺母和波形弹簧的的立体分解示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
如图1、图2、图3所示，一种膨胀联接结构，包括膨胀联接组件、母体构件1、附体构件2。
如图2所示，在母体构件1上设有圆盲孔3，在圆盲孔3的孔壁上设有多个独立的第一抵挡凹陷部4。第一抵挡凹陷部4为圆柱形盲孔。在附体构件2上设有圆通孔5、第二抵挡凹陷部6和定位槽7。第二抵挡凹陷部6为与第一抵挡凹陷部4结构相同的圆柱形盲孔。
如图3、图4所示，膨胀联接组件包括驱动芯件、由三瓣结构相同的膨胀件8合抱组成的膨胀套9、弹簧10、弹簧11。
如图2、图4所示，膨胀件8包括与母体构件1上的圆盲孔3配合的外周面为弧状的膨胀件本体12，径向凸设在膨胀件本体12的外周上、分别与第一抵挡凹陷部4配合、设有导向斜面的凸柱形的第一抵挡凸出部13和第二抵挡凸出部14，径向凸设在膨胀件本体12一端的外周上、对膨胀套9轴向定位、将附体构件2抵挡固定在母体构件1上的定位部15，设在定位部15朝向附体构件2的面上的定位凸条16，设在膨胀件本体12的外周面上的弹簧容置槽17和弹簧容置槽18。第二抵挡凸出部14的结构与第一抵挡凸出部13的结构相同。膨胀件本体12的外径等于圆盲孔3的孔径，定位部15外周到膨胀件本体12轴心的最大距离大于第一抵挡凸出部13外周到膨胀件本体12轴心的最大距离。
如图2、图4所示，三瓣膨胀件8组成用来合抱驱动芯件的膨胀套9，在膨胀套9内设有驱动芯件容置空间。膨胀套9上的定位部15周向分布形成一个在相邻两瓣膨胀件8结合位置断开的独立环状。
如图2、图4所示，驱动芯件包括驱动芯杆19，与驱动芯杆19配合的驱动螺母20。驱动螺母20包括驱动锥体21，与驱动锥体21大端相连的圆柱形直光杆部22，设置在轴心位置的螺纹孔23，设置在驱动锥体21和直光杆部22外周面上与膨胀套9的相邻两瓣膨胀件8的结合缝隙配合的止转凸筋24。驱动芯杆19包括设有与驱动螺母20的螺纹孔23配合的螺纹部的小杆25，与小杆25相连的驱动锥体26，与驱动锥体26大端相连的圆柱形的直光杆部27，与直光杆部27相连且径向凸出直光杆部27的圆柱形的抵挡部28，在抵挡部28的端面上设有内六角形孔29。驱动锥体26的轴向长度与驱动锥体21的轴向长度相等，从而实现同步相对方向驱动。
如图1、图2所示，在膨胀套9未膨胀状态，驱动芯件容置空间包括由合抱驱动螺母20的直光杆部22的圆柱形曲面30、大端与圆柱形曲面30相接且合抱驱动锥体21的膨胀用锥面31、与膨胀用锥面31小端相接且合抱驱动芯杆19的部分小杆25的圆柱形曲面32、与圆柱形曲面32相接且合抱驱动芯杆19的驱动锥体26的膨胀用锥面33、与膨胀用锥面33大端相接且合抱部分直光杆部27的圆柱形曲面34。膨胀套9上的所有圆柱形曲面和膨 胀用锥面在相邻两膨胀件8结合位置断开。直光杆部22的直径等于圆柱形曲面32的直径，直光杆部27的直径等于圆柱形曲面32的直径。
如图2所示，在膨胀套9未膨胀状态，驱动螺母20的螺纹孔23螺纹连接在驱动芯杆19的小杆25的螺纹部上，驱动螺母20的驱动锥体21小端到驱动芯杆19的驱动锥体26的小端之间的轴线距离稍小于圆柱形曲面32的轴向长度。将三瓣膨胀件8合抱在驱动螺母20和驱动芯杆19上，驱动螺母20的止转凸筋24安装在相邻两瓣膨胀件8的结合缝隙内，并通过膨胀用锥面31合抱在驱动锥体21上定位膨胀件8与驱动螺母20、膨胀用锥面33合抱在驱动锥体26上定位膨胀件8与驱动芯杆19。三瓣膨胀件8通过弹簧10、弹簧11与驱动螺母20、驱动芯杆19不可自动分开地合抱在一起完成膨胀联接组件的连接，弹簧10完全容置在弹簧容置槽17内，弹簧11完全容置在弹簧容置槽18内。膨胀套9设有第一抵挡凸出部13的一端穿过附体构件2上的圆通孔5伸入母体构件1上的圆盲孔3内，膨胀件本体12安装在母体构件1上的圆盲孔3和附体构件2上的圆通孔5内，膨胀套9的定位凸条16安装在附体构件2的定位槽7内，膨胀套9的定位部15凸出附体构件2上的圆通孔5、并被附体构件2轴向抵挡定位，第一抵挡凸出部13与相应的第一抵挡凹陷部4正对，第二抵挡凸出部14与相应的第二抵挡凹陷部6正对。
如图5至图7所示，在膨胀套9完全膨胀状态，第一抵挡凸出部13伸入相应的第一抵挡凹陷部4内通过柱形面配合相互抵挡形成卡合，第二抵挡凸出部14伸入相应的第二抵挡凹陷部6内通过柱形面配合相互抵挡形成卡合，附体构件2被定位部15轴向抵挡，膨胀套9将附体构件2与母体构件1连接固定在一起。膨胀套9上的定位部15的外周面分布在同一圆周面上，使定位部15与附体构件2的接触面积最大，达到最好的抵挡效果。膨胀套9上相应的膨胀件本体12的外周面分布在同一圆周面上，与母体构件1上圆盲孔3的孔壁通过面与面接触紧配合。由于直光杆部22的直径等于圆柱形曲面32的直径，直光杆部27的直径等于圆柱形曲面32的直径，圆柱形曲面32与直光杆部22通过面与面接触抵靠在一起，圆柱形曲面32与直光杆部27通过面与面接触抵靠在一起。在驱动螺母20和驱动芯杆19已完全安装到位的状态(即驱动芯杆19的抵挡部28抵挡在定位部15上)，驱动螺母20的直光杆部22已越过膨胀用锥面31的小端一段设定距离与圆柱形曲面32配合，驱动芯杆19的直光杆部27已越过膨胀用锥面33的小端一段设定距离与圆柱形曲面32配合。在母体构件1与附体构件2的连接位置，直光杆部27与膨胀套9紧配合。
如图2、图6所示，一种膨胀联接结构的联接方法，联接方法包括以下步骤：
将驱动螺母20的螺纹孔23螺纹连接在驱动芯杆19上，驱动螺母20的驱动锥体21小端到驱动芯杆19的驱动锥体26的小端之间的轴线距离稍小于圆柱形曲面32的轴向长度；
将三瓣膨胀件8合抱在驱动螺母20和驱动芯杆19上，驱动螺母20的止转凸筋24伸入相邻两瓣膨胀件8的结合缝隙内，并通过膨胀用锥面31合抱在驱动锥体21上定位膨胀件8与驱动螺母20、膨胀用锥面33合抱在驱动锥体26上定位膨胀件8与驱动芯杆19；
通过弹簧10安装在弹簧容置槽17内、弹簧11安装在弹簧容置槽18内将三瓣膨胀件8与驱动螺母20、驱动芯杆19不可自动分开地合抱在一起完成膨胀联接组件的连接；
将膨胀套9设有第一抵挡凸出部13的一端穿过附体构件2上的圆通孔5伸入母体构件1上的圆盲孔3内，且膨胀套9的定位凸条16安装在附体构件2的定位槽7内；
向膨胀套9施加朝向附体构件2的轴向方向的力，附体构件2与母体构件1抵靠、定位部15与附体构件2抵靠，膨胀套9通过定位部15被附体构件2轴向抵挡定位，膨胀套9上的第一抵挡凸出部13与母体构件1上相应的第一抵挡凹陷部4正对；
旋转驱动芯杆19，驱动螺母20通过与驱动芯杆19螺纹配合同步相对运动，通过驱动螺母20的驱动锥体21在膨胀用锥面31上滑动、驱动芯杆19的驱动锥体26在膨胀用锥面33上滑动驱动膨胀套9膨胀，每瓣膨胀件8径向运动，第一抵挡凸出部13伸入母体构件1的相应的第一抵挡凹陷部4内通过圆柱面配合相互抵挡形成卡合，附体构件2被定位部15轴向抵挡；
膨胀套9完全膨胀后，膨胀套9不再径向方向运动并保持完全膨胀状态不变，继续旋转驱动芯杆19，驱动螺母20和驱动芯杆19继续相对膨胀套9轴线方向运动，驱动螺母20的直光杆部22越过膨胀用锥面31的小端，驱动芯杆19的直光杆部27的越过膨胀用锥面 33的小端直至抵挡部28被定位部15轴向抵挡，驱动螺母20和驱动芯杆19已完全安装到位，停止旋转驱动芯杆19，驱动芯件停止驱动；
膨胀套9将附体构件2与母体构件1连接固定在一起。
实施例2
如图8所示，与实施例1不同的是，母体构件50为一圆管形的连接件。膨胀联接组件包括四个附体构件，即附体构件51、附体构件52、附体构件53、附体构件54。母体构件50上的第一抵挡凹陷部55侧向贯通母体构件50的侧壁的圆通孔80，在四个附体构件上均不设有第二抵挡凹陷部。
在膨胀件56的膨胀件本体上仅设有与第一抵挡凹陷部55配合的第一抵挡凸出部57。
驱动芯件为驱动芯杆58，驱动芯杆58包括光杆的小杆59、与小杆59相连的驱动锥体60、与驱动锥体60大端相连的直光杆部61，与直光杆部61相连且径向凸出直光杆部61的抵挡部62，凸设在抵挡部62的端面上的芯件拔出螺杆63。在膨胀套64未膨胀状态，驱动芯件容置空间包括由合抱小杆59的圆柱形曲面65、小端与圆柱形曲面65相接且合抱驱动锥体60的膨胀用锥面66、与膨胀用锥面66大端相接且合抱部分直光杆部61的圆柱形曲面67形成的第一容置空间，及用来容置抵挡部62的第二容置空间68，在膨胀套64完全膨胀状态(未示出)，抵挡部62完全容置在第二容置空间68内。
膨胀联接组件还包括对驱动芯杆58抵挡部62背离母体构件50的面限位、使驱动芯杆58保持在膨胀套64完全膨胀的位置不变的限位机构。限位机构包括卡簧69和卡槽70。卡簧69为断开的圆环。卡槽70设置在第二容置空间68壁上、与卡簧69配合。
在膨胀套64未膨胀状态，驱动芯杆58的部分直光杆部61、抵挡部62、芯件拔出螺杆63凸出膨胀套64的定位抵挡部71。
在膨胀套64完全膨胀状态，因直光杆部61的直径与圆柱形曲面65的直径相等，直光杆部61与圆柱形曲面65的壁通过面与面配合抵靠在一起。在将卡簧69安装在卡槽70内，卡簧69对抵挡部62限位。第二抵挡凸出部为设置在膨胀件本体75的一端端部、对膨胀套64轴向定位、且径向凸出膨胀件本体75的定位抵挡部71。在膨胀套64完全膨胀状态，膨胀套64的定位抵挡部71的外周面分布在同一圆周面上，形成在相邻两膨胀件56间断开的环状。
联接方法包括：
将三瓣膨胀件56合抱在驱动芯杆58上，并通过膨胀用锥面66合抱在驱动锥体60上定位膨胀件56与驱动芯杆58；
通过弹簧72、弹簧73将三瓣膨胀件56与驱动芯杆58不会自动分开地安装在一起；
将波形弹簧74套在膨胀套64的膨胀件本体75上；
将膨胀套64设有第一抵挡凸出部57的一端依次穿过附体构件51的圆通孔76、附体构件52的圆通孔77、附体构件53的圆通孔78、附体构件54上的圆通孔79伸入母体构件50上的圆通孔80内；
向膨胀套64的定位抵挡部71施加朝向附体构件51的轴向方向的力，膨胀套64的定位抵挡部71、波形弹簧74、附体构件51、附体构件52、附体构件53、附体构件54、母体构件50抵靠在一起，膨胀套64通过定位抵挡部71被附体构件51轴向抵挡定位，膨胀套64上的第一抵挡凸出部57与母体构件50上相应的第一抵挡凹陷部55正对；
锤击或按压驱动芯杆58，驱动芯杆58相对膨胀套64轴向运动，通过驱动锥体60在膨胀用锥面66上滑动驱动膨胀套64膨胀，每瓣膨胀件56径向运动，第一抵挡凸出部57伸入母体构件50的相应的第一抵挡凹陷部55内通过圆柱面配合相互抵挡形成卡合，附体构件54被母体构件50轴向抵挡，附体构件51被波形弹簧74轴向抵挡、波形弹簧74被定位抵挡部71轴向抵挡；
膨胀套64完全膨胀后，膨胀套64不再径向方向运动并保持完全膨胀状态不变，驱动芯杆58继续相对膨胀套64轴线方向运动，直光杆部61越过膨胀用锥面66的小杆59直至抵挡部62被第二容置空间68的底面抵挡，驱动芯杆58停止驱动；
膨胀套64将附体构件51、附体构件52、附体构件53、附体构件54、母体构件50连接固定在一起；
将卡簧69安装在卡槽70内。
若要拆卸时，先将卡簧69从卡槽70内拆出来，再用与芯件拔出螺杆63配合的工具将驱动芯杆58背离母体构件50方向拔出一段距离，膨胀套64就可从母体构件50和附体构件51、附体构件52、附体构件53、附体构件54拆离。
实施例3
如图9所示，与实施例2不同的是，驱动芯杆100上的驱动锥面101为球面，膨胀件102上的膨胀用锥面103为与驱动锥面101配合的球面。
芯件拔出机构为设置在驱动芯杆100上的螺纹孔104。
实施例4
如图10所示，与实施例1不同的是，驱动芯件包括驱动芯杆141，与驱动芯杆141配合的驱动螺母142。驱动芯杆141包括设有螺纹的小杆143、与小杆143相连的用来驱动膨胀套144膨胀的第一驱动锥体145、与第一驱动锥体145大端相连的圆柱形第一直光杆部146，大端与第一直光杆部146相连的连接锥体147，与连接锥体147小端相连的圆柱形第二直光杆部148，小端与第二直光杆部148相连用来驱动膨胀套144膨胀的第二驱动锥体149，与第二驱动锥体149大端相连的圆柱形第三直光杆部150，设置在第三直光杆部150的端面轴向位置、在安装膨胀联接组件和拆卸膨胀联接组件时与扳手配合的六角形盲孔151，和设置在第三直光杆部150的端面上，并贯穿第三直光杆部150周面的六个均匀分布的止转槽152。驱动螺母142包括圆柱形的驱动螺母本体153，设置在驱动螺母本体153的端面、与膨胀套144的相邻两瓣膨胀件164的结合缝隙配合的止转凸部154，设置在驱动螺母142的轴心的螺纹孔155。第一直光杆部146的轴向长度大于第一驱动锥体145的轴向长度设定距离，第三直光杆部150的轴向长度大于第一直光杆部146的轴向长度，第二驱动锥体149的轴向长度与第一驱动锥体145的轴向长度相等。
未膨胀的膨胀套144内的驱动芯件容置空间包括合抱驱动芯杆141的小杆143的一部分的圆柱形曲面156、合抱第一驱动锥体145的第一膨胀用锥面157、合抱第一直光杆部146的圆柱形曲面158、合抱连接锥体147的连接锥面159、合抱第二直光杆部148的圆柱形曲面160、合抱第二驱动锥体149的第二膨胀用锥面161、合抱部分第三直光杆部150的圆柱形曲面162，设置在圆柱形曲面156的壁上、与驱动螺母142配合的驱动螺母容置槽163。
驱动芯杆141的小杆143伸入驱动螺母142的螺纹孔155内与驱动螺母142螺纹配合。膨胀件164合抱在驱动芯杆141和驱动螺母142外，驱动螺母142安装在驱动螺母容置槽163内，驱动螺母142的止转凸部154伸入相邻两瓣膨胀件164的结合缝内。
膨胀件164包括膨胀件本体165，设置在膨胀件164的膨胀件本体165一端端部的第一抵挡凸部166，设置在膨胀件本体165的另一端端部、对膨胀套144轴向定位、且径向凸出膨胀件本体165的定位抵挡部167。母体构件168上的孔为阶梯盲孔，阶梯盲孔的小孔169靠近附体构件170，阶梯盲孔的大孔171形成第一凹陷部。在膨胀套144完全膨胀状态，膨胀套144的定位抵挡部167的外周面分布在同一圆周面上，第一抵挡凸部166的外周面分布在同一圆周面上，定位抵挡部167和第一抵挡凸部166均形成在相邻两膨胀件164间断开的环状。
联接方法与实施例1不同的是：
将驱动螺母142的螺纹孔155螺纹连接在驱动芯杆141的小杆143上；
将三瓣膨胀件合抱在驱动螺母142和驱动芯杆141上，通过驱动螺母142安装在螺母容置槽163内、驱动螺母142的止转凸部154伸入相邻两瓣膨胀件164的结合缝隙内使膨胀件164与驱动螺母142、驱动芯杆141完全定位；
在膨胀套144的定位抵挡部167被附体构件170轴向抵挡定位时，第一抵挡凸部166朝向第一抵挡凸部166的面与阶梯孔的阶梯面172正对；
在膨胀套144完全膨胀状态，第一抵挡凸部166被阶梯面172轴向抵挡；
直至驱动螺母142和驱动芯杆141已完全安装到位，停止旋转驱动芯杆，驱动芯件停止驱动。
实施例5
如图12、图13所示，与实施例4不同的是，驱动芯杆包括驱动芯杆本体191，凸设在驱动芯杆本体191外周上的抵挡部192和两个结构完全相同的膨胀收缩用凸出部193，设置在驱动芯杆本体191远离抵挡部192的一端与驱动螺母194螺纹配合的螺纹部195，设置在抵挡部192的端面上、在安装膨胀联接组件和拆卸膨胀联接组件时与扳手配合的六角形盲孔196和设置在抵挡部192的端面上、并贯穿抵挡部192周面的六个均匀分布的止转槽197。
膨胀收缩用凸出部193用来膨胀和收缩膨胀套198。膨胀收缩用凸出部193包括设置在背离抵挡部192的一侧、用来驱动膨胀套198膨胀的驱动锥体199，设置在朝向抵挡部192的一侧、形成用来收缩膨胀套198的收缩用锥形凹陷部200，连接驱动锥体199和收缩用锥形凹陷部200的圆柱形光杆部201，驱动锥体199与收缩用锥形凹陷部200的锥度方向一致。
驱动芯件容置空间包括由合抱驱动芯杆本体191的圆柱形曲面202形成的第一容置空间，及用来容置抵挡部192的第二容置空间203。在膨胀套198完全膨胀状态(未示出)，第二容置空间203与抵挡部192配合，并完全容置抵挡部192。在圆柱形曲面202的壁上设有与驱动螺母194配合的螺母容置槽204、分别与两个膨胀收缩用凸出部193配合的两个膨胀收缩用容置槽205。膨胀收缩用容置槽205背离母体构件207的槽壁形成用来驱动膨胀套198膨胀、与驱动芯杆的驱动锥体199配合的膨胀用锥面206，膨胀收缩用容置槽205朝向母体构件207的槽壁形成用来收缩膨胀套198、与驱动芯杆的收缩用锥形凹陷部200配合的收缩用锥面208，及连接膨胀用锥面206与收缩用锥面208、与光杆部201配合的圆柱形曲面209。
膨胀联接结构还包括卡簧210。卡簧210包括中间断开的心形环211，和从心形环211远离断开位置的一侧凸出的块状止转部212。在膨胀套198形成驱动芯件容置空间的壁上设有卡槽213。卡簧210的止转部212安装在止转槽197内，心形环211安装在卡槽213内并通过卡槽213抵挡在膨胀套198内，止转部212防止驱动芯杆反转，心形环211对驱动芯杆背离母体构件207的面限位，确保驱动芯杆保持在膨胀套198完全膨胀的位置不变。卡簧210与卡槽213、止转槽197配合构成限位机构。
实施例6
如图13所示，与实施例1不同的是轴向定位机构包括定位弹簧230。膨胀套231合抱驱动螺母232的圆柱形直光杆部233的圆柱形曲面245形成弹簧容置空间234。在膨胀套231未膨胀状态，驱动芯杆235的小端236凸出驱动螺母232并伸入定位弹簧230内。定位弹簧230安装在母体构件237上的圆盲孔238的孔底与弹簧容置空间234之间。在定位弹簧230的自由状态，膨胀套231上的第一抵挡凸出部239与母体构件237上相应的第一抵挡凹陷槽240正对，膨胀套231上的第二抵挡凸出部241与附体构件242上相应的第二抵挡凹陷槽243正对。
联接方法与实施例1不同的是：
在连接好膨胀紧固连接组件后，将定位弹簧230套在驱动芯杆235的小端236上并放置在弹簧容置空间234内；
将膨胀套231穿过附体构件242上的圆通孔244伸入母体构件237上的圆盲孔238内，定位弹簧230一端被母体构件237的盲孔孔底抵挡，另一端被弹簧容置空间234的底面抵挡，膨胀套231通过定位弹簧230轴向抵挡定位，在定位弹簧230的自由状态，膨胀套231上的第一抵挡凸出部239与母体构件237上相应的第二一抵挡凹陷槽240正对，膨胀套231上的第二抵挡凸出部241与附体构件242上相应的第二抵挡凹陷槽243正对；
旋转驱动芯杆235，并通过目测使膨胀套231与附体构件242的相对位置基本保持在定位弹簧230自由状态的位置，驱动螺母232通过与驱动芯杆235螺纹配合同步相对运动驱动每瓣膨胀件径向运动，第一抵挡凸出部239伸入母体构件237的相应的第一抵挡凹陷槽240内通过面与面配合相互抵挡形成卡合，第二抵挡凸出部241伸入附体构件242的相应的第二抵挡凹陷槽243内通过面与面配合相互抵挡形成卡合。
实施例7
如图14所示，与实施例1不同的是，膨胀件260包括外周面与母体构件261的圆盲孔 262的孔径配合的膨胀件本体263，凸设在膨胀件本体263外周上的第一抵挡凸出部264和第二抵挡凸出部265，及与膨胀件本体263通过向内弯折的连接段266相接的加长段267。加长段267的外周面为与膨胀件本体263的外周面同心的圆弧状。
在膨胀件260的加长段267的内侧面上还设有与合抱驱动螺母268的圆柱形曲面269通过向内凹设的连接曲面270相接的圆柱形曲面271。圆柱形曲面271与圆柱形曲面269同心。膨胀件260上的单个第一抵挡凸出部264的形状为球面形，母体构件261的圆盲孔262的孔壁上的第一抵挡凹陷部272的形状为与第一抵挡凸出部264配合的球面形。膨胀件260上的单个第二抵挡凸出部265的形状为球面形；附体构件273的圆通孔274的孔壁上的第二抵挡凹陷部275的形状为与第二抵挡凸出部265配合的球面形。在膨胀套276未膨胀状态，第一抵挡凸出部264与第一抵挡凹陷部272通过两个球面形接触，第二抵挡凸出部265与第二抵挡凹陷部275通过两个球面形弧面接触。
轴向定位机构为母体构件261的圆盲孔262的底面277；在膨胀套276内还设有在膨胀套276膨胀过程中避空驱动芯杆278的避空空间279。避空空间279的深度要大于驱动芯杆278在膨胀套276膨胀过程中轴向运动的距离。避空空间279由圆柱形曲面271合抱而成。膨胀套276的加长段267的端面抵挡在圆盲孔262的底面上，膨胀套276上的第一抵挡凸出部264与母体构件261上相应的第一抵挡凹陷部272正对，膨胀套276上的第二抵挡凸出部265与附体构件273上相应的第二抵挡凹陷部275正对。
驱动芯杆278包括设有与驱动螺母268的螺纹孔280配合的螺纹部的小杆281，与小杆281相连的驱动锥体282，与驱动锥体282大端相连的圆柱形的直光杆部283，在驱动芯杆278的端面上设有内六角形孔284。
在膨胀套276未膨胀状态，膨胀套276通过加长段267被母体构件261的圆盲孔262的底面277抵挡轴向定位，膨胀套276上的第一抵挡凸出部264与母体构件261上相应的第一抵挡凹陷部272正对，膨胀套276上的第二抵挡凸出部265与附体构件273上相应的第二抵挡凹陷部275正对。
联接方法与实施例1不同的是：
在连接好膨胀紧固连接组件后，将膨胀套276设有第一抵挡凸出部264的一端穿过附体构件273上的圆通孔274伸入母体构件261上的圆盲孔262内，膨胀套276的加长段267被母体构件261的圆盲孔262的底面277抵挡，膨胀套276上的第一抵挡凸出部264与母体构件261上相应的第一抵挡凹陷部272正对，膨胀套276上的第二抵挡凸出部265与附体构件273上相应的第二抵挡凹陷部275正对；
旋转驱动芯杆278，在第一抵挡凸出部264未伸入母体构件261上相应的第一抵挡凹陷部272前，向驱动芯杆278施加朝向母体构件261的轴向方向的力，使膨胀套276始终被母体构件261的圆盲孔262的底面277抵挡，驱动螺母268通过与驱动芯杆278螺纹配合同步相对运动驱动每瓣膨胀件260径向运动，膨胀套276上的第一抵挡凸出部264伸入母体构件261上相应的第一抵挡凹陷部272通过球面配合形成卡合，膨胀套276上的第二抵挡凸出部265与伸入附体构件273上相应的第二抵挡凹陷部275通过球面配合形成卡合；
直到直光杆部283完全渗入膨胀套276内，停止旋转驱动芯杆278，驱动芯杆278和驱动螺母268安装到位。
实施例8
如图15所示，与实施例1不同的是，母体构件310上的孔为阶梯盲孔，靠近附体构件311的为安装膨胀套312的大孔313，远离附体构件311的为驱动芯杆314在膨胀套312膨胀过程中避空驱动芯杆314的小孔315，小孔315的深度要大于驱动芯杆314在膨胀套312膨胀过程中轴向运动的距离。轴向定位机构为阶梯盲孔的阶梯面316。在膨胀套312未膨胀状态，膨胀套312的外径大于阶梯盲孔的小孔315的直径，使膨胀套312在未膨胀时能抵挡在阶梯面316上。
实施例9
如图16、图17所示，与实施例1不同的是，驱动芯杆320包括驱动锥体321，与驱动锥体321大端相连的圆柱形的直光杆部322，与驱动锥体321小端相连小杆323，与小杆323相连的螺纹部324，凸设在驱动锥体321和小杆323的外周面上的三条凸条325。
在膨胀件326的膨胀件本体327上仅设有第一抵挡凸出部328，第一抵挡凸出部328为块状的凸起。第二抵挡凸出部329为设置在膨胀件本体327的一端端部、对膨胀套330轴向定位、且径向凸出膨胀件本体327的定位抵挡部。在膨胀套330完全膨胀状态，膨胀套330的第二抵挡凸出部329的外周面分布在同一圆周面上，形成在相邻两膨胀件326间断开的环状。在膨胀件326形成驱动芯件容置空间的壁上设有与凸条325配合的凹陷部331。
母体构件332上的第一抵挡凹陷部333为与块状的第一抵挡凸出部328外轮廓配合的盲孔，在附体构件334上不设有第二抵挡凹陷部。
实施例10
如图18、图19所示，膨胀联接结构与实施例8不同的是，膨胀套350由两瓣膨胀件351合抱而成。
膨胀件351包括膨胀件本体352，设置在膨胀件351的膨胀件本体352一端端部的第一抵挡凸部353，设置在膨胀件本体352的另一端端部、对膨胀套350轴向定位、且径向凸出膨胀件本体352的定位抵挡部354。母体构件355上的孔为阶梯盲孔，阶梯盲孔的小孔356靠近附体构件357，阶梯盲孔的大孔358形成第一凹陷部。在膨胀套350完全膨胀状态，膨胀套350的定位抵挡部354的外周面分布在同一圆周面上，第一抵挡凸部353的外周面分布在同一圆周面上，定位抵挡部354和第一抵挡凸部353均形成在相邻两膨胀件351间断开的环状。
膨胀联接组件还包括盖帽359。盖帽359包括内腔360，在内腔360的底面凸设有卡扣361；在驱动螺母362的抵挡部363的外周上设有与卡扣361配合的抵挡槽364。
在膨胀套350完全膨胀状态，驱动螺母362的抵挡部363通过波形弹簧365抵挡在膨胀套350的定位抵挡部354的端面上，盖帽359通过卡扣361扣合在抵挡槽364上与驱动螺母362安装在一起，凸出母体构件355的驱动芯杆的部分小杆366、驱动螺母362的抵挡部363完全容置在盖帽359的内腔360内。
联接方法与实施例1不同的是，在膨胀套350完全膨胀后，当驱动螺母362的抵挡部363被膨胀套350的端面抵挡，驱动螺母362和驱动芯杆已完全安装到位，驱动芯杆停止旋转；再将盖帽359的卡扣361扣在驱动螺母362的抵挡槽364内。
若要拆卸时，先将盖帽359与驱动螺母362分离，再反向旋转驱动芯杆即可。
实施例11
如图20所示，膨胀联接结构与实施例9不同的是，在盖帽380的内腔381的底面设有凸柱382，在凸柱382上设有螺纹孔383。在膨胀套384完全膨胀状态，盖帽380的螺纹孔383螺纹连接在驱动芯杆385的螺纹部386上。
实施例12
与实施例1不同的是，驱动芯件为一驱动芯杆390。驱动芯杆390包括方锥形的驱动锥体391，与驱动锥体391小端相连的方杆部392，与驱动锥体391大端相连的方杆部393，径向凸出方杆部393的定位部398。
膨胀件397包括在膨胀套399未膨胀状态合抱方杆部392的平面394，小端与平面394相连合抱驱动锥体391的膨胀用方锥面395，与膨胀用方锥面395大端相连、合抱部分方杆部393的平面396。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种膨胀联接结构，包括膨胀联接组件、母体构件、附体构件；
    在母体构件上设有孔，在附体构件上设有通孔；
    所述膨胀联接组件包括驱动芯件、两瓣以上的膨胀件；所述膨胀件组成用来合抱驱动芯件的膨胀套；
    在每瓣膨胀件上设有驱动膨胀套膨胀的膨胀用锥面或膨胀用曲面；
    在膨胀套内设有驱动芯件容置空间，所述膨胀用锥面设置在驱动芯件容置空间的壁上；
    在驱动芯件上设有与每瓣膨胀套上的膨胀用锥面配合的驱动锥面、或与每瓣膨胀套上的膨胀用曲面配合的驱动曲面；
    其特征在于：在母体构件的孔的孔壁上设有第一抵挡凹陷部；
    所述膨胀件包括膨胀件本体，径向凸设在膨胀件本体的外周上、与第一抵挡凹陷部配合的第一抵挡凸出部，径向凸设在膨胀件本体的第二抵挡凸出部；
    驱动芯件安装在驱动芯件容置空间内，膨胀件本体安装在母体构件上的孔和附体构件上的通孔内；在膨胀套完全膨胀状态，第一抵挡凸出部伸入相应的第一抵挡凹陷部内相互抵挡形成卡合，第二抵挡凸出部被附体构件轴向抵挡，膨胀套将附体构件与母体构件连接固定在一起。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种膨胀联接结构，其特征在于：所述的第二抵挡凸出部为设置在膨胀件本体的端部、对膨胀套轴向定位、且径向凸出膨胀件本体的定位抵挡部；
    在膨胀套未膨胀状态，膨胀套的第二抵挡凸出部凸出附体构件上的通孔、并被附体构件轴向抵挡定位，第一抵挡凸出部与相应的第一抵挡凹陷部正对。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种膨胀联接结构，其特征在于：在附体构件的通孔的孔壁上设有第二抵挡凹陷部，所述的第二抵挡凸出部与第二抵挡凹陷部配合；在膨胀套或母体构件上设有轴向定位机构，轴向定位机构对膨胀套轴向抵挡定位；在膨胀套完全膨胀状态，第二抵挡凸出部伸入相应的第二抵挡凹陷部内相互抵挡形成卡合。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的一种膨胀联接结构，其特征在于：所述的第一抵挡凸出部为设置在膨胀件本体外周的一个个独立的球面形、或柱形、或块状的凸起，所述的第一抵挡凹陷部为与所述的球面形的第一抵挡凸出部配合的球面形或柱形凹陷部、或为与所述的柱形的第一抵挡凸出部配合的柱形凹陷部、或与所述的块状的第一抵挡凸出部外轮廓配合的孔；在附体构件与膨胀件间还设有径向定位机构；在膨胀套未膨胀状态，膨胀件通过径向定位结构径向定位、通定位抵挡部轴向定位或通过轴向定位机构轴向定位，第一抵挡凸出部与相应的第一抵挡凹陷部正对。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的一种膨胀联接结构，其特征在于：所述的膨胀件本体的外周面为圆柱形曲面，沿膨胀件本体一端端部的外周面径向凸设形成所述的定位抵挡部，沿膨胀件本体另一端端部的外周面径向凸设形成的第一抵挡凸部；所述的母体构件上的孔为阶梯盲孔，所述的阶梯盲孔的小孔靠近附体构件，所述的阶梯盲孔的大孔形成所述的第一凹陷部；在膨胀套完全膨胀状态，膨胀套的第一抵挡凸部伸入阶梯盲孔的大孔内并被阶梯孔阶梯面轴向抵挡，第一抵挡凸部的外周面分布在同一圆柱形面上，定位抵挡部的外周面分布在同一圆柱形面上，第一抵挡凸部、膨胀件本体、定位抵挡部的外周面同心，第一抵挡凸部和定位抵挡部形成在相邻两膨胀件结合位置断开的圆环。
  6. 一种如权利要求1所述的膨胀联接结构，其特征在于：所述的驱动芯件还包括与所述的驱动锥面大端相连的直光杆部，所述的驱动芯件容置空间包括与所述膨胀用锥面小端相连的圆柱形曲面；与所述膨胀用锥面小端相连的圆柱形曲面的直径等于与所述的驱动锥面大端相连的直光杆部的直径；所述直光杆部的轴向长度大于所述驱动锥面的轴向长度；在膨胀套完全膨胀状态，与所述膨胀用锥面小端相连的圆柱形曲面通过面与面接触和与所述的驱动锥面大端相连的直光杆部的外周面抵靠在一起，驱动芯件上的驱动锥面与膨胀套上相应的膨胀用锥面之间在轴线方向存在设定距离。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的一种膨胀联接结构，其特征在于：所述的轴向定位机构为设置在膨胀件本体的端部、且径向凸出膨胀件本体的定位部；在膨胀套未膨胀状态，膨胀套的定位部凸出附体构件上的通孔，并被附体构件抵挡定位。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的一种膨胀联接结构，其特征在于：还包括套在膨胀套的膨胀件本体上、消除轴向间隙的波形弹簧或弹性垫圈，波形弹簧或弹性垫圈安装在定位部与附体构件之间、或安装在定位抵挡部部与附体构件之间。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的一种膨胀联接结构，其特征在于：所述的母体构件上的孔为阶梯孔，靠近附体构件的为安装膨胀套的大孔，远离附体构件的为在驱动芯杆驱动膨胀套膨胀过程中避空驱动芯杆的小孔，小孔的深度要大于驱动芯杆在膨胀过程中轴向运动的距离，所述的轴向定位机构为阶梯孔的阶梯面。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的一种膨胀联接结构，其特征在于：所述的母体构件上的孔为盲孔；所述的轴向定位机构为盲孔的底面；在膨胀套内还设有在驱动芯杆驱动膨胀套膨胀过程中避空驱动芯杆的避空空间，避空空间的深度要大于驱动芯杆在膨胀过程中轴向运动的距离；膨胀套的端面抵挡在盲孔的底面上，膨胀套上的第一抵挡凸出部与母体构件上相应的第一抵挡凹陷部正对，膨胀套上的第二抵挡凸出部与附体构件上相应的第二抵挡凹陷部正对。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的一种膨胀联接结构，其特征在于：所述驱动芯件包括驱动芯杆；所述膨胀联接组件还包括限位机构，限位机构为卡簧和卡槽，卡槽设置在膨胀套内与卡簧配合；在膨胀套完全膨胀状态，卡簧安装在卡槽内，卡簧对驱动芯杆背离母体构件的面限位、使驱动芯杆保持在膨胀套完全膨胀的位置不变。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的膨胀联接结构，其特征在于：在每瓣膨胀件上形成所述的驱动芯件容置空间的相应位置设有凸条或凹陷部，在所述的膨胀件的凸条或凹陷部上设有所述的膨胀用锥面；在驱动芯件上设有与每瓣膨胀件上的凸条配合的凹陷部、或与每瓣膨胀件上的凹陷部配合的凸条，在所述的驱动芯件的凸条或凹陷部上设有所述的驱动锥面。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的一种膨胀联接结构，其特征在于：母体构件为一连接套，附体构件为两个以上的独立的被连接元件。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的一种膨胀联接结构，其特征在于：所述的第二抵挡凸出部为设置在膨胀件本体的一端端部、对膨胀套轴向定位、且径向凸出膨胀件本体的定位抵挡部；
    在膨胀套未膨胀状态，膨胀套的第二抵挡凸出部凸出附体构件上的通孔、并被附体构件轴向抵挡定位；
    所述的第一抵挡凸出部为设置在膨胀件本体外周的一个个独立的球面形的、或柱形的、或块状的凸起，所述的第一抵挡凹陷部为与所述的球面形的第一抵挡凸出部配合、或为与所述的柱形的第一抵挡凸出部配合的柱形侧通孔、或为与所述的块状的第一抵挡凸出部外轮廓配合的侧通孔。
  15. 如权利要求1至3、5至14任意一项权利要求所述的膨胀联接结构，其特征在于：所述的膨胀联接组件还包括盖帽；所述盖帽包括内腔，在内腔的底面凸设有卡扣；在膨胀套或驱动芯件上设有抵挡槽；在膨胀套完全膨胀状态，盖帽通过卡扣扣合在抵挡槽上与膨胀套或驱动芯件安装在一起，凸出母体构件和/或附体构件的膨胀套、或凸出母体构件和/或附体构件的膨胀套和驱动芯件容置在盖帽的内腔内。
  16. 如权利要求1至3、5至14任意一项权利要求所述的膨胀联接结构，其特征在于：所述的膨胀联接组件还包括盖帽；所述盖帽包括内腔，在内腔的底面设有凸柱，在凸柱上设有螺纹孔；在驱动芯杆上设有凸出膨胀套的螺纹部；在膨胀套完全膨胀状态，盖帽的螺纹孔螺纹连接在驱动芯杆上，凸出母体构件和/或附体构件的膨胀套、或凸出母体构件和/或附体构件的膨胀套和驱动芯件容置在盖帽的内腔内。
  17. 一种膨胀联接结构的联接方法，其特征在于联接方法包括：
    提供一种膨胀联接组件，所述膨胀联接组件包括驱动芯件、两瓣以上的膨胀件；所述所述膨胀件组成用来合抱驱动芯件的膨胀套；
    提供需要进行联接的母体构件和附体构件；在母体构件上设有孔，在附体构件上设有通孔； 在母体构件的孔的孔壁上设有第一抵挡凹陷部；
    所述膨胀件包括膨胀件本体，径向凸设在膨胀件本体的外周上、与第一抵挡凹陷部配合的第一抵挡凸出部，径向凸设在膨胀件本体的第二抵挡凸出部；
    将驱动芯件安装在驱动芯件容置空间内，将膨胀件套设有第一抵挡凸出部的一端穿过附体构件上的通孔伸入母体构件上的孔内；
    驱动芯件驱动膨胀套膨胀第一抵挡凸出部伸入第一抵挡凹陷部形成卡合，附体构件被第二抵挡凸出部轴向抵挡；
    膨胀套将附体构件与母体构件连接固定在一起。
  18. 一种如权利要求17所述的膨胀联接结构的联接方法，其特征在于：膨胀套完全膨胀后，膨胀套不再径向方向运动并保持完全膨胀状态不变，驱动芯杆继续相对膨胀套轴线方向运动至设定位置。
  19. 一种膨胀联接组件，包括驱动芯件、两瓣以上的膨胀件；所述膨胀件组成用来合抱驱动芯件的膨胀套；
    在每瓣膨胀件上设有驱动膨胀套膨胀的膨胀用锥面或膨胀用曲面；
    在膨胀套内设有驱动芯件容置空间，所述膨胀用锥面设置在驱动芯件容置空间的壁上；
    在驱动芯件上设有与每瓣膨胀套上的膨胀用锥面配合的驱动锥面、或与每瓣膨胀套上的膨胀用曲面配合的驱动曲面；
    其特征在于：所述每瓣膨胀件包括与母体构件上的孔和附体构件上的通孔配合的膨胀件本体，径向凸设在膨胀件本体上、与母体构件上的孔的孔壁上的第一抵挡凹陷部配合的第一抵挡凸出部，径向凸设在膨胀件本体上、有将附体构件抵挡固定在母体构件上的第二抵挡凸出部。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的一种膨胀联接组件，其特征在于：还包括弹簧，在每瓣膨胀件的外周面上径向设有弹簧容置槽，两瓣以上的膨胀件通过弹簧合抱在一起组成膨胀套，弹簧完全容置在弹簧容置槽内；在膨胀套未膨胀状态，所述的膨胀套上的膨胀用锥面合抱在所述的驱动锥面上。
  21. 如权利要求19所述的一种膨胀联接组件，其特征在于：所述驱动芯件包括驱动芯杆；驱动芯杆包括驱动芯杆本体，凸设在驱动芯杆本体上用来驱动膨胀套膨胀和收缩的膨胀收缩用凸出部；用来驱动膨胀套膨胀的所述驱动锥面设置在所述凸出部朝向母体构件的一侧，在所述凸出部朝向附体构件的一侧形成用来收缩膨胀套的收缩用锥形凹陷部，驱动芯杆上的驱动锥面与收缩用锥形凹陷部的锥度方向一致；所述驱动芯件容置空间包括与驱动芯杆的膨胀收缩用凸出部配合的膨胀收缩用容置槽，在膨胀收缩用容置槽背离母体构件一侧的槽壁形成与驱动芯杆的驱动锥面配合的所述膨胀用锥面，在膨胀收缩用容置槽背离附体构件一侧的槽壁形成与驱动芯杆的收缩用锥形凹陷部配合的收缩用锥面。
PCT/CN2015/086418 2014-08-08 2015-08-07 一种膨胀联接结构及联接方法、膨胀联接组件 WO2016019918A1 (zh)

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