WO2016017770A1 - 回折データの解析方法、コンピュータプログラム及び記録媒体 - Google Patents
回折データの解析方法、コンピュータプログラム及び記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016017770A1 WO2016017770A1 PCT/JP2015/071682 JP2015071682W WO2016017770A1 WO 2016017770 A1 WO2016017770 A1 WO 2016017770A1 JP 2015071682 W JP2015071682 W JP 2015071682W WO 2016017770 A1 WO2016017770 A1 WO 2016017770A1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/2055—Analysing diffraction patterns
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/205—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials using diffraction cameras
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/05—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by diffraction, scatter or reflection
- G01N2223/056—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by diffraction, scatter or reflection diffraction
- G01N2223/0566—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by diffraction, scatter or reflection diffraction analysing diffraction pattern
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for analyzing diffraction data more simply and efficiently in a single crystal structure analysis method, a computer program for causing a computer to execute this method, and a recording medium.
- a single crystal X-ray structure analysis method is known as a method for determining the molecular structure of a compound.
- a three-dimensional image of a molecule can be obtained at the atomic level, and this method is extremely useful in studies of functional substances such as physiologically active substances.
- a single crystal is irradiated with X-rays, diffracted X-rays are detected and diffraction data is collected, and then the diffraction data is analyzed to determine the molecular structure.
- the detected diffraction X-ray usually loses phase information, so the molecular structure (electron density distribution) cannot be directly determined by Fourier synthesis.
- a method has been adopted in which a crystal structure model is first constructed and refined to obtain a crystal structure that conforms to diffraction data, thereby determining the molecular structure. For example, as shown in FIG.
- Non-patent Document 1 a diffraction structure is collected, a space group is determined, and then a crystal structure model is constructed by determining an initial phase. Then, by refining it, a crystal structure that fits the measured diffraction data can be obtained, and the structure of the molecule can be determined (Non-patent Document 1).
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and in a single crystal structure analysis method, a method capable of analyzing diffraction data more simply and efficiently, a computer program for causing a computer to execute the method, and the computer program
- An object of the present invention is to provide a recording medium on which is recorded.
- the present inventors have a three-dimensional skeleton and three-dimensionally regularly arranged pores and / or hollows that are partitioned by the three-dimensional skeleton.
- Crystal structure analysis in which the molecules of a compound that determines the structure are regularly arranged in the pores and / or hollows of a single crystal of a porous compound whose three-dimensional skeleton has been elucidated by a crystal structure analysis method
- the diffraction data on the single crystal space group and crystal structure of the porous compound used is used as the initial value to make the diffraction data easier and more efficient.
- the inventors have found that it can be analyzed, and have completed the present invention.
- the following diffraction data analysis method (1), computer programs (2) to (5), and a recording medium (6) are provided.
- (1) It has a three-dimensional framework and pores and / or hollows that are partitioned by the three-dimensional framework and are regularly arranged in three dimensions, and the three-dimensional framework is solved by a crystal structure analysis method.
- a method for analyzing diffraction data obtained using a crystal structure analysis sample in which molecules of a compound that determines the structure are regularly arranged in the pores and / or hollows of a single crystal of a porous compound.
- a method for analyzing diffraction data comprising: (2) A program for analyzing diffraction data, which causes a computer to execute the method for analyzing diffraction data described in (1). (3) Process (I) for deriving a space group having lower symmetry based on the space group of the single crystal of the porous compound.
- Diffraction data on the crystal structure analysis sample is obtained by selecting one space group selected from the same space group as the single crystal space group of the porous compound and the space group derived in the processing (I).
- the program according to (2) which causes a computer to execute.
- the method further includes a process of presenting the space group derived in the process (I) to the user, and the determination of the space group in the process (II) is performed based on the user's judgment.
- (3) The program described in.
- (5) The program according to (3), wherein the determination of the space group in the process (II) is performed by a computer according to a preset rule.
- (6) A computer-readable recording medium in which the computer program according to any one of (2) to (5) is recorded.
- the initial phase is determined by a conventional method by analyzing diffraction data (coordinate values of crystallographic data) relating to the crystal structure of the single crystal of the porous compound before inclusion of the guest molecule as the initial structure.
- the initial phase can be determined without any problem.
- the method for analyzing diffraction data of the present invention has a three-dimensional skeleton and three-dimensionally regularly arranged pores and / or hollows formed by partitioning the three-dimensional skeleton.
- Crystal structure analysis in which the molecules of a compound that determines the structure are regularly arranged in the pores and / or hollows of a single crystal of a porous compound whose three-dimensional skeleton has been elucidated by a crystal structure analysis method
- a method for analyzing diffraction data obtained using a sample for use comprising the following steps (I) to (III).
- Step (I) Selecting the same space group as the space group of the single crystal of the porous compound or the space group having lower symmetry than the space group as the space group of the crystal structure analysis sample.
- Step (II) Determining an initial structure of the crystal structure analysis sample using diffraction data relating to a crystal structure of a single crystal of the porous compound as an initial value;
- Step (III) Refining the initial structure obtained in step (II).
- the method of the present invention can be performed, for example, according to the procedure shown in FIG.
- Diffraction data used in the present invention has a three-dimensional skeleton and three-dimensionally regularly arranged pores and / or hollows partitioned by the three-dimensional skeleton, and the three-dimensional skeleton has a crystal structure.
- the molecules of the compound that determines the structure hereinafter sometimes referred to as “compound (A)”.
- a single crystal of a porous compound includes a three-dimensional skeleton and pores and / or hollows regularly and three-dimensionally formed by being partitioned by the three-dimensional skeleton.
- the three-dimensional skeleton is elucidated by a crystal structure analysis method.
- diffraction data relating to the three-dimensional skeleton of the single crystal, which has been clarified by a crystal structure analysis method is used as an initial value.
- the three-dimensional skeleton is a skeleton-like structure having a three-dimensional extension inside a single crystal.
- the three-dimensional skeleton is composed of one or more molecular chains, or one or two or more molecular chains and a skeleton-forming compound.
- “Molecular chain” refers to an organization organized by covalent bonds and / or coordinate bonds. This molecular chain may have a branched structure or a cyclic structure. Examples of the three-dimensional skeleton composed of one molecular chain include a skeleton organized in a “jungle gym” shape.
- a three-dimensional skeleton composed of two or more molecular chains two or more molecular chains are organized as a whole by interactions such as hydrogen bonds, ⁇ - ⁇ stacking interactions, van der Waals forces, etc.
- a skeleton in which two molecular chains are entangled in a “chienowa” shape examples include the three-dimensional skeletons of polynuclear metal complexes 1 and 2 described later.
- “Skeletogenic compounds” do not constitute part of the molecular chain, but constitute part of the three-dimensional skeleton by interactions such as hydrogen bonds, ⁇ - ⁇ stacking interactions, van der Waals forces, etc. Refers to the compound.
- the skeleton-forming aromatic compound in the polynuclear metal complex mentioned later is mentioned.
- “Three-dimensionally ordered pores and / or hollows” means pores and hollows that are regularly aligned without being disturbed to the extent that pores and hollows can be confirmed by crystal structure analysis.
- Pore and “hollow” represent an internal space in the single crystal. The internal space extending in a cylindrical shape is called “pore”, and the other internal space is called “hollow”.
- the size of the pore is defined as an inscribed circle of the pore (hereinafter simply referred to as a parallel plane) parallel to the crystal plane that is closest to the perpendicular to the direction in which the pore extends (hereinafter simply referred to as a parallel plane)
- a parallel plane parallel to the crystal plane that is closest to the perpendicular to the direction in which the pore extends
- the “direction in which the pores extend” can be determined by the following method. That is, first, a crystal plane X (A plane, B plane, C plane, or a diagonal plane of each) in an appropriate direction across the target pore is selected. Then, by expressing the atoms that exist on the crystal plane X and constitute the three-dimensional skeleton using the van der Waals radii, a cross-sectional view of the pore having the crystal plane X as a cutting plane is drawn. Similarly, a cross-sectional view of a pore having a crystal plane Y shifted from the crystal plane X by one unit cell as a cut plane is drawn.
- the “diameter of the inscribed circle of the pore” can be obtained by the following method. That is, first, a cross-sectional view of the pore having the parallel plane as a cut plane is drawn by the same method as described above. Next, after drawing the inscribed circle of the pore in the cross-sectional view and measuring the diameter, the obtained measured value is converted into an actual scale to obtain the diameter of the inscribed circle of the actual pore. be able to. Furthermore, by measuring the diameter of the inscribed circle of the pore in each parallel surface while gradually translating the parallel surface by one unit cell, the diameter of the inscribed circle of the narrowest part and the widest The diameter of the inscribed circle of the part is obtained.
- the diameter of the inscribed circle of the single crystal pores is preferably 2 to 30 mm, and more preferably 3 to 10 mm.
- the major axis of the inscribed ellipse of the single crystal pores is preferably 2 to 30 mm, and more preferably 3 to 10 mm.
- the minor axis of the inscribed ellipse of the single crystal pores is preferably 2 to 30 mm, and more preferably 3 to 10 mm.
- the pore volume of the single crystal is described in the paper (A): Acta Crystallogr. A 46, 194-201 (1990). That is, it is possible to calculate using “volume of single crystal ⁇ porosity in unit cell” based on Solvent Accessible Void (void volume in a unit cell) calculated by a calculation program (PLATON SQUEEZE PROGRAM).
- the pore volume of the single crystal (volume of all pores in one single crystal) is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 to 0.1 mm 3 , preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mm 3. More preferred.
- the size of the hollow can be obtained by the method described in the above paper (A) as well as the pore volume.
- the single crystal preferably has a cubic or rectangular parallelepiped shape. One side thereof is preferably 10 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 60 to 200 ⁇ m.
- a single crystal of a porous compound used for preparing a sample for crystal structure analysis has a three-dimensional skeleton that has been elucidated by a crystal structure analysis method.
- the three-dimensional skeleton has been elucidated by the crystal structure analysis method does not mean that the single crystal used for the preparation of the crystal structure analysis sample has already been subjected to crystal structure analysis. This means that a crystal structure analysis has already been performed using a single crystal of a porous compound having the same three-dimensional skeleton as that of a single crystal used for preparing a sample for structural analysis.
- the single crystal of the porous compound used for the preparation of the sample for crystal structure analysis may consist of only a three-dimensional skeleton (so-called host molecule), or in the three-dimensional skeleton and pores and / or hollows, It may have an exchangeable molecule (so-called guest molecule).
- the single crystal of the porous compound used for elucidating the three-dimensional skeleton and the single crystal of the porous compound used for preparing the sample for crystal structure analysis are as long as the three-dimensional skeleton does not change. The presence or absence and the type of guest molecule may differ.
- the guest molecule is in the pore of the porous compound single crystal (1).
- (1) clathrate, porous compound single crystal (1) with pores of guest compound (2), porous compound single crystal (1) with pores of guest molecule can be used for the preparation of a crystal structure analysis sample. Then, after collecting diffraction data using the obtained crystal structure analysis sample, a known crystal structure analysis result (a guest molecule (1) is included in the pores of a single crystal (1) of a porous compound) The diffraction data can be analyzed using the crystal structure analysis result of the state.
- the atoms of the single crystal (1) of the porous compound Create a file with only the coordinates extracted, and use it with the diffraction data in which the guest molecule (2) is included in the pores of the single crystal (1) of the porous compound. Structural analysis can be performed.
- the single crystal is irradiated with MoK ⁇ rays (wavelength: 0.71 ⁇ ) generated at a tube voltage of 24kV and a tube current of 50mA, and when the diffracted X-rays are detected by a CCD detector, the resolution is at least 1.5 ⁇ . Those capable of determining the molecular structure are preferred. By using a single crystal having such characteristics, a sample for crystal structure analysis of good quality can be easily obtained.
- the pores and / or hollows of the single crystal of the porous compound are not disturbed to the extent that the structure of the molecule of the compound (A) can be determined by crystal structure analysis.
- the porous compound is not particularly limited as long as it can be regularly accommodated in the pores and hollows of the single crystal of the porous compound.
- a single crystal of a polynuclear metal complex, a urea crystal, or the like can be given.
- a crystal of a polynuclear metal complex is preferable because it can easily control the size of pores and hollows and the environment (polarity and the like) in the pores and hollows.
- polynuclear metal complex examples include those containing a plurality of ligands having two or more coordination sites and a plurality of metal ions as a central metal.
- the ligand having two or more coordinating sites (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “polydentate ligand”) is not particularly limited as long as it can form the three-dimensional skeleton. Multidentate ligands can be utilized.
- the “coordinating moiety” refers to an atom or atomic group in a ligand having an unshared electron pair capable of coordinating bond. Examples thereof include heteroatoms such as nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom and phosphorus atom; atomic groups such as nitro group, amino group, cyano group and carboxyl group; Especially, the atomic group containing a nitrogen atom or a nitrogen atom is preferable.
- a multidentate ligand with a long distance from the center of the ligand to the coordination site a single crystal of a polynuclear metal complex having relatively large pores and hollows is obtained.
- a multidentate ligand having a short distance from the center of the child to the coordination site a single crystal of a polynuclear metal complex having relatively small pores and hollows can be obtained.
- the polydentate ligand is preferably a polydentate ligand having two or more coordination sites.
- a ligand having three sites (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a “tridentate ligand”) is more preferable, and the unshared electron pairs (orbitals) of the three coordinating sites exist on a quasi-coplanar surface.
- the three coordinating sites are arranged radially at equal intervals with respect to the central portion of the tridentate ligand.
- each unshared electron pair is on the same plane or is slightly displaced from the plane, for example, 20 ° or less with respect to the reference plane. It also includes the state that exists in a plane that intersects at.
- three coordinating sites are arranged radially at equal intervals with respect to the central portion of the tridentate ligand means that on a line extending radially from the central portion of the ligand at equal intervals, It means a state in which three coordination sites are arranged at approximately the same distance from the central portion.
- tridentate ligand for example, the following formula (1)
- Ar represents a trivalent aromatic group which may have a substituent.
- X 1 to X 3 are each independently a divalent organic group, or Ar and Y 1 to Y 3.
- Y 1 to Y 3 each independently represents a monovalent organic group having a coordination site).
- Ar represents a trivalent aromatic group.
- the number of carbon atoms constituting Ar is usually 3 to 22, preferably 3 to 13, and more preferably 3 to 6.
- Ar is a trivalent aromatic group having a monocyclic structure composed of one 6-membered aromatic ring or a trivalent aromatic group having a condensed ring structure formed by condensing three 6-membered aromatic rings. Groups.
- Examples of the trivalent aromatic group having a monocyclic structure composed of one 6-membered aromatic ring include groups represented by the following formulas (2a) to (2d).
- Examples of the trivalent aromatic group having a condensed ring structure formed by condensing three 6-membered aromatic rings include groups represented by the following formula (2e).
- “*” represents a bonding position with X 1 to X 3 , respectively.
- Ar may have a substituent at an arbitrary position of the aromatic group represented by formula (2a), formula (2c) to formula (2e).
- substituents include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, and t-butyl; alkoxy groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, and n-butoxy; fluorine A halogen atom such as an atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom;
- an aromatic group represented by the formula (2a) or (2b) is preferable, and an aromatic group represented by the formula (2b) is particularly preferable.
- X 1 to X 3 each independently represent a divalent organic group or a single bond directly connecting Ar and Y 1 to Y 3 .
- the divalent organic group those capable of forming a ⁇ -electron conjugated system together with Ar are preferable. Since the divalent organic group represented by X 1 to X 3 forms a ⁇ -electron conjugated system, the planarity of the tridentate ligand represented by the formula (1) is improved, and a stronger three-dimensional network A structure is easily formed.
- the number of carbon atoms constituting the divalent organic group is preferably 2 to 18, more preferably 2 to 12, and further preferably 2 to 6.
- divalent organic group examples include a divalent unsaturated aliphatic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a divalent organic group having a monocyclic structure consisting of one 6-membered aromatic ring, and 2 to 4 6-membered aromatic rings.
- Examples of the divalent unsaturated aliphatic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms include vinylene group and acetylene group (ethynylene group).
- Examples of the divalent organic group having a monocyclic structure composed of one 6-membered aromatic ring include a 1,4-phenylene group.
- Examples of the divalent organic group having a condensed ring structure in which 2 to 4 6-membered aromatic rings are condensed include a 1,4-naphthylene group and an anthracene-1,4-diyl group. Examples of combinations of two or more of these divalent organic groups include the following.
- the divalent organic group may have a substituent.
- the substituent include the same as those described above as the substituent for Ar. Among these, the following are preferable as the divalent organic group represented by X 1 to X 3 .
- Y 1 to Y 3 each independently represents a monovalent organic group having a coordination site.
- the organic group represented by Y 1 to Y 3 those capable of forming a ⁇ -electron conjugated system together with Ar and X 1 to X 3 are preferable.
- the planarity of the tridentate ligand represented by the formula (1) is improved, and a strong three-dimensional skeleton is easily formed.
- the number of carbon atoms constituting Y 1 to Y 3 is preferably 5 to 11, and more preferably 5 to 7.
- Examples of Y 1 to Y 3 include organic groups represented by the following formulas (3a) to (3f).
- “*” represents a bonding position with X 1 to X 3 .
- Y 1 to Y 3 may have a substituent at any position of the organic groups represented by the formulas (3a) to (3f).
- substituents include the same as those exemplified above as the substituent for Ar.
- the group represented by the formula (3a) is particularly preferable.
- the size of the pores and hollows of the single crystal can be adjusted. it can.
- a single crystal having pores and hollows of a size capable of including the target molecule can be efficiently obtained.
- tridentate ligand represented by the formula (1) since a strong three-dimensional skeleton is easily formed, the planarity and the symmetry are high, and the ⁇ -conjugated system extends throughout the ligand. Is preferred.
- Examples of such a tridentate ligand include, but are not limited to, ligands represented by the following formulas (4a) to (4f).
- the tridentate ligand represented by the formula (1) includes 2,4,6-tris (4-pyridyl) -1,3,5-triazine (TPT) represented by the above formula (4a). Is particularly preferred.
- a commercial item can also be used as a polydentate ligand of a polynuclear metal complex.
- PCP Coordination Polymer
- MOF Metal Organic Structure
- the metal ion as the central metal of the polynuclear metal complex is not particularly limited as long as it can form a coordinate bond with the polydentate ligand to form a three-dimensional skeleton.
- ions of metals in Group 8 to 12 of the periodic table such as iron ions, cobalt ions, nickel ions, copper ions, zinc ions, silver ions, palladium ions, ruthenium ions, rhodium ions, platinum ions, etc. are preferable.
- metal ions of Groups 8 to 12 of the periodic table are more preferred.
- zinc (II) ions and cobalt (II) ions are preferred because single crystals having large pores and hollows are easily obtained.
- a monodentate ligand may be coordinated with the central metal of the polynuclear metal complex.
- Such monodentate ligands include monovalent anions such as chloride ion (Cl ⁇ ), bromide ion (Br ⁇ ), iodide ion (I ⁇ ), thiocyanate ion (SCN ⁇ ); ammonia, monoalkyl Electrically neutral coordinating compounds such as amine, dialkylamine, trialkylamine, and ethylenediamine; and the like.
- the polynuclear metal complex is a reaction solvent (the solvent used for the synthesis of the polynuclear metal complex), a substitution solvent (refers to another solvent replaced with the reaction solvent, the same applies hereinafter), and a skeleton-forming aromatic described later. It may contain a compound.
- “Skelet-forming aromatic compound” means an aromatic compound that interacts with a molecular chain constituting a three-dimensional skeleton (excluding covalent bonds and coordinate bonds) and can constitute a part of the three-dimensional skeleton. Say. When the polynuclear metal complex contains a skeleton-forming aromatic compound, the three-dimensional skeleton is likely to become stronger, and the three-dimensional skeleton becomes more stable even after inclusion of the molecule of the compound (A). There is.
- Examples of the skeleton-forming aromatic compound include condensed polycyclic aromatic compounds. Examples thereof include those represented by the following formulas (5a) to (5i).
- polynuclear metal complex examples include the following compounds. (1) Compound consisting only of ligand and metal ion [polynuclear metal complex ( ⁇ )] (2) Compound [polynuclear metal complex ( ⁇ )] comprising the polynuclear metal complex ( ⁇ ) and a skeleton-forming aromatic compound (3) A compound in which a guest molecule such as a solvent molecule is included in the polynuclear metal complex ( ⁇ ) or polynuclear metal complex ( ⁇ ) [polynuclear metal complex ( ⁇ )].
- the polynuclear metal complex used in the present invention is preferably a polynuclear metal complex that does not lose crystallinity even after the compound (A) molecule is taken into the pores and hollows and has relatively large pores and hollows.
- the polynuclear metal complex having such characteristics can be easily obtained by using the tridentate ligand represented by the formula (1).
- Examples of the polynuclear metal complex obtained by using the tridentate ligand represented by the formula (1) include polynuclear metal complexes represented by the following formulas (6a) to (6c).
- M represents a divalent metal ion belonging to Groups 8 to 12 of the periodic table
- X represents a monovalent anionic monodentate ligand
- L represents The tridentate ligand represented by the formula (1) is represented
- solv represents a guest molecule such as a solvent molecule used in the synthesis
- SA represents a skeleton-forming aromatic compound
- a, b and c represent arbitrary natural numbers.
- the polynuclear metal complex using the TPT represented by the formula (4a) as L is a form in which a guest molecule such as a solvent has been incorporated so far.
- the molecular structure is determined by single crystal X-ray structural analysis, and is particularly suitable as a polynuclear metal complex used in the present invention.
- polynuclear metal complexes examples include polynuclear metal complexes represented by the following formulas (7a) to (7d).
- Examples of the polynuclear metal complex represented by the formula (7b) include [(ZnBr 2 ) 3 (TPT) 2 (PhNO 2 ) 5 (H 2 O)] n (polynuclear metal complex 2 described in JP-A-2008-214318. And all or part of the reaction solvent molecules in the polynuclear metal complex 2 are replaced with a substitution solvent.
- Examples of the polynuclear metal complex represented by the formula (7c) include [(ZnI 2 ) 3 (TPT) 2 (TPH) (PhNO 2 ) 3.9 (MeOH) 1.8 ] described in JP-A-2006-188560.
- n polynuclear metal complex 3
- [(ZnI 2 ) 3 (TPT) 2 (PER) (PhNO 2 ) 4 ] n polynuclear metal complex 4
- all of the reaction solvent molecules in these polynuclear metal complexes or The one obtained by exchanging a part with a substitution solvent can be mentioned.
- the polynuclear metal complex represented by the formula (7d) [(Co (NCS) 2 ) 3 (TPT) 4 (DCB) 25 (MeOH) 5 ] n (polynuclear metal complex 5) described in WO2011 / 062260 And those obtained by exchanging all or part of the reaction solvent molecules in the polynuclear metal complex 5 with a substitution solvent.
- PCP porous coordination polymer
- MOF metal organic structure
- the method for synthesizing the polynuclear metal complex is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- the Sigma-Aldrich brochure published in September 2012 includes multidentate ligands, etc.
- Hydrothermal method in which a hydrothermal reaction is carried out by heating; a microwave method in which a solvent, a polydentate ligand, a metal ion, etc. are placed in a container and microwave irradiation; a solvent, a polydentate ligand in the container , Ultrasonic methods of putting metal ions, etc., and irradiating ultrasonic waves; solid-phase synthesis methods of mechanically mixing polydentate ligands, metal ions, etc. without using a solvent; Using this method, a single crystal of a polynuclear metal complex can be obtained.
- the solution method is preferably used.
- the solvent solution of the second solvent of the metal ion-containing compound is added to the solvent solution of the first solvent of the polydentate ligand, and is kept at 0 to 70 ° C. for several hours to several days. The method of leaving still is mentioned.
- the metal ion-containing compound is not particularly limited.
- a compound represented by the formula: MX n can be mentioned.
- M represents a metal ion
- X represents a counter ion
- n represents the valence of M.
- X include F ⁇ , Cl ⁇ , Br ⁇ , I ⁇ , SCN ⁇ , NO 3 ⁇ , ClO 4 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , SbF 4 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , AsF 6 ⁇ , CH 3 CO 2- and the like.
- Reaction solvents (first solvent and second solvent) used include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, nitrobenzene; n-pentane, n-hexane, n -Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as heptane; Alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane and cycloheptane; Nitriles such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile; Sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); N, N-dimethyl Amides such as formamide and n-methylpyrrolidone; ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 1,4-dioxane; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol; acetone, methyl ethyl ket
- the first solvent and the second solvent that are not compatible with each other (that is, separated into two layers).
- a method using nitrobenzene, dichlorobenzene, a mixed solvent of nitrobenzene and methanol, a mixed solvent of dichlorobenzene and methanol as the first solvent, and methanol as the second solvent can be mentioned.
- the polynuclear metal complexes 1 to 5 can be synthesized according to the methods described in the above documents.
- sample for crystal structure analysis used in the present invention is obtained by regularly arranging the molecules of the compound (A) in the pores and / or hollows of the single crystal of the porous compound.
- the molecules of the compound (A) are regularly arranged means that the molecule of the compound (A) is not disturbed to the extent that the structure can be determined by crystal structure analysis, and the single crystal of the porous compound is It is regularly accommodated in the pores and hollows.
- the sample for crystal structure analysis is irradiated with MoK ⁇ rays (wavelength: 0.71 ⁇ ) generated at a tube voltage of 24 kV and a tube current of 50 mA, and at least 1.5 ⁇ when diffracted X-rays are detected by a CCD detector. Those that can determine the molecular structure with a resolution of 1 are preferred.
- the molecules of the compound (A) are incorporated into all pores and hollows in the single crystal of the porous compound. You don't have to.
- the solvent used for the solvent solution of the compound (A) may be incorporated into pores and a part of the hollow of the single crystal of the porous compound.
- the sample for crystal structure analysis preferably has a compound (A) molecule occupancy of 10% or more.
- the occupation ratio is a value obtained by crystal structure analysis, and the guest actually present in the single crystal when the amount of the guest molecule [molecule of compound (A)] in the ideal inclusion state is 100%. It represents the amount of molecules.
- the sample for crystal structure analysis can be obtained by bringing the single crystal of the porous compound into contact with a solvent solution containing the compound (A).
- the size of the compound (A) is not particularly limited as long as the compound (A) has a size capable of entering the pores and / or hollows of the single crystal.
- the molecular weight of the compound (A) is usually 20 to 3,000, preferably 100 to 2,000.
- the molecular size of the compound (A) is grasped to some extent by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, etc., and a single crystal having appropriate pores and hollows is appropriately selected in advance. It is also preferable to use them.
- the solvent of the solvent solution containing the compound (A) is not particularly limited as long as it does not dissolve the single crystal to be used and dissolves the chiral compound (A).
- solvent used include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene and nitrobenzene; fats such as n-butane, n-pentane, n-hexane and n-heptane.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene and nitrobenzene
- fats such as n-butane, n-pentane, n-hexane and n-heptane.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane and cycloheptane; Nitriles such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile; Sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); N, N-dimethylformamide and n-methyl Amides such as pyrrolidone; Ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 1,4-dioxane; Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol; Ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone; Cellosolves such as lucerosolv; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and 1,2-dichloroethane; esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl lac
- the method for bringing the single crystal of the porous compound into contact with the solvent solution containing the compound (A) is not particularly limited.
- a method of immersing the single crystal in a solvent solution containing the compound (A) a method of passing the solvent solution containing the compound (A) through the capillary after the single crystal is packed in a capillary, etc. Is mentioned.
- examples of the diffraction data to be collected include X-ray diffraction data and neutron diffraction data on single crystals of porous compounds and samples for crystal structure analysis.
- a method of collecting diffraction data in a conventional single crystal structure analysis can be used. Specifically, in the conventional procedure shown in FIG. 1, diffraction data is measured and data can be collected according to the procedure except that the above-described sample for crystal structure analysis is mounted instead of a single crystal. .
- the details of each step in FIG. 1 are as described in Non-Patent Document 1, for example.
- many steps in collecting diffraction data are automated by a computer. Also in the method of the present invention, automatically collected diffraction data can be used.
- the analysis of the diffraction data of the crystal structure analysis sample is performed as the space group of the crystal structure analysis sample, the same space group as the single crystal space group of the porous compound, or the porosity.
- Selecting a space group having lower symmetry than the space group of the single crystal of the compound (I), and using diffraction data (coordinate values of crystallographic data) relating to the crystal structure of the single crystal of the porous compound as an initial value Without determining the initial phase by the conventional method, the step (II) for determining the initial structure of the sample for crystal structure analysis and the step (III) for refining the initial structure obtained in step (II) Done.
- crystal analysis data space group, phase information, crystal structure information, etc.
- step (I) the space group of the sample for crystal structure analysis is the same space group as the single crystal space group of the porous compound, or a space having lower symmetry than the single crystal space group of the porous compound. It is a step of selecting a group.
- this step can be performed as follows. First, indexing of reflection points is performed. As a result, a rough crystal lattice constant and Brave lattice are determined.
- the Brave lattice is a crystal lattice classified according to the combination of the symmetry (crystal system) of lattice point arrangement and the lattice type, and there are 14 types of Brave lattices.
- This analysis can be performed by a computer using a program unique to the manufacturer of the X-ray analysis apparatus (for example, APEX if it is a Bruker) or a general-purpose program (such as HKL2000).
- the lattice constant of the parent compound (for example, the parent compound is a metal complex represented by [(ZnI 2 ) 3 (TPT) 2 ] n )
- the lattice constant of the parent compound for example, the metal in which the parent compound is represented by [(ZnI 2 ) 3 (TPT) 2 ] n
- the lattice constant of the parent compound for example, the metal in which the parent compound is represented by [(ZnI 2 ) 3 (TPT) 2 ] n
- an error due to the inclusion of the guest compound is defined from the measured data.
- the space group is determined.
- the space group can be determined by a computer using a general-purpose program (eg, PLATON or Bruker's WPREP) using the lattice constant of the crystal lattice and Brave lattice information determined above.
- a general-purpose program eg, PLATON or Bruker's WPREP
- a space group refers to a group formed by a set of symmetrical elements in a crystal structure.
- the symmetry element means a symmetry center, a mirror plane, a projection plane, a rotation axis, and a helical axis, and an operation based on these symmetry elements is called a symmetry operation.
- Symmetry is the property that when a symmetrical operation is performed on a certain object, it cannot be distinguished before and after.
- the spatial symmetry of crystals is classified into 230 types of space groups, depending on the combination of symmetry elements allowed in crystals and Brave lattices.
- single crystal ( ⁇ ) a sample for crystal structure analysis
- Single crystal ( ⁇ ) May be referred to as a single crystal of the porous compound used for the preparation [hereinafter referred to as “single crystal ( ⁇ )”.
- the space group of the single crystal ( ⁇ ) is used when determining the space group of the single crystal ( ⁇ ).
- the space group of the single crystal ( ⁇ ) is more symmetrical than the space group of the single crystal ( ⁇ ) or the single crystal ( ⁇ ) space group.
- a low space group [a space group obtained by removing an arbitrary symmetry element from the space group of the single crystal ( ⁇ )] is selected, and the diffraction data is analyzed.
- the space group of the polynuclear metal complex 1 ⁇ [(ZnI 2 ) 3 (TPT) 2 (PhNO 2 ) 5.5 ] n ⁇ is C2 / c. Therefore, when a sample for crystal structure analysis is prepared using the polynuclear metal complex 1, basically, C2 / c is input as a candidate space group for analysis. If the guest compound exists on the symmetry plane and is the fake target data, enter a subgroup (Cc, C2, P21, P-1, P1) of the parent space group C2 / c. By calculating, you can easily reach the true space group. Thus, in the method of the present invention, since the number of candidate space groups is limited, a true space group can be determined efficiently. Whether or not it is a true space group can be determined by whether or not there is a problem with the obtained structure, as in the conventional case. There are two methods for describing the space group, the Hermann-Mauguin symbol and the Schoenfries symbol.
- Step (II) Step (II) uses diffraction data (coordinate values of crystallographic data) relating to the crystal structure of the single crystal ( ⁇ ) as an initial value, and analyzes the diffraction data of the single crystal ( ⁇ ) to obtain the single crystal ( ⁇ ). This is the step of determining the initial structure of
- the crystal structure of the single crystal ( ⁇ ) can be used as a model.
- obtaining a crystal structure is synonymous with obtaining a function (structural factor F) that can describe the density of electrons around atoms present in the crystal.
- F structural factor
- the magnitude portion of F which is a complex function, can be determined from the data of diffraction points that can be actually measured. In order to describe complete F, it is necessary to obtain a portion corresponding to the phase, but this gives an appropriate approximate value to the observed data, and then how well the calculated diffraction point matches the measured data. It must be judged by.
- Examples of the method for analyzing the diffraction data of the single crystal ( ⁇ ) and determining the initial structure include the direct method, the heavy atom method, and the molecular substitution method. These methods can be executed using a program.
- the program to be used is not particularly limited as long as the initial structure is determined by analyzing the diffraction data of the single crystal ( ⁇ ) by the direct method, the heavy atom method, the molecular substitution method, or the like.
- programs such as SHELX, SIR, superflip, X-PLOR (Molecular Simulation Co.), AMORE (CCP4 (Collaborative Computational Project, Number 4. Acta Crystallogr. D50, 670-673 (1994))).
- Step (III) is a step of refining the crystal structure obtained in step (II).
- Step (III) is the same as the conventional structure refinement step, and by repeating the least square method, Fourier synthesis (difference Fourier synthesis), etc., a crystal structure suitable for the measured diffraction data is obtained, The structure of the molecule is determined (Non-patent Document 1). These methods can be executed using a program.
- a program to be used if a crystal structure suitable for the measured diffraction data can be obtained by repeating the least square method, Fourier synthesis (difference Fourier synthesis), etc., and the structure of the molecule can be determined. It is not limited. Known programs such as SHELXL, REFMAC, and Xtal are listed.
- Steps (I) to (III) described above can be performed by causing a computer to continuously execute a program for each step.
- the computer program of this invention makes a computer perform the analysis method of the diffraction data of this invention.
- the computer program of the present invention is used for collecting diffraction data, displaying candidate space groups [processing (I)], organizing data, and analyzing diffraction data. Determination of the space group for the [process (II)], and the determination of the initial structure of the single crystal ( ⁇ ) by using diffraction data (crystallographic data, etc.) relating to the crystal structure of the single crystal ( ⁇ ) as initial values (III)], refinement of the initial structure [Process (IV)] is continuously performed. A program for executing each process is executed for each process.
- the computer program of the present invention is a collection of these programs, and performs processing (I) to (IV) continuously.
- the computer program of the present invention is a program that is installed and executed in a processing device including a main control device (CPU), an input / output device, and a storage device.
- the main control device (CPU) is a device that executes a program and performs arithmetic processing.
- the input / output device includes a reading device for a recording medium storing a program, means for communicating with the Internet, and an interface (display screen, keyboard, etc.) with a user.
- the storage device is a device that stores the data of the developed program and the data being executed.
- the program data includes crystal data of the parent compound (a single crystal of the porous compound before the inclusion of the guest compound), as described later, in addition to the program data for executing each of the processes (I) to (IV).
- Structural diffraction data parent compound space group, crystal structure
- diffraction data of a compound to be subjected to crystal structure analysis general space group data, and the like.
- the computer program of the present invention can be acquired from, for example, a recording medium (CDROM) or the Internet.
- Process (I) is a process of deriving candidate space groups in step (I) of the method of the present invention. That is, as the space group of the crystal structure analysis sample, the same space group as the single crystal space group of the porous compound or a space group having lower symmetry than the single crystal space group of the porous compound is selected. This is a process of displaying candidate space groups on the display screen.
- the user inputs a space group of the parent compound (a single crystal of the porous compound before the guest compound is included) into the computer, thereby displaying a candidate space group.
- a space group of the parent compound a single crystal of the porous compound before the guest compound is included
- the space group of the single crystal is C2 / c.
- This analysis can be performed by a computer using a program unique to the manufacturer of the X-ray analysis apparatus (for example, APEX if it is a Bruker) or a general-purpose program (such as HKL2000).
- the computer is provided with a memory area in which data related to the space group is stored.
- a function of displaying a subgroup of the parent space group together with the parent space group can be given.
- the computer program of the present invention may cause the computer to execute a process of presenting the processing result to the user after the process (I), or without causing the computer to perform a process of presenting the processing result to the user.
- the processing (II) may be executed.
- the process (II) executes an arithmetic process for determining a space group among the steps (I) in the method of the present invention. That is, the process of determining one space group selected from the group consisting of the same space group as the single crystal space group of the porous compound and the space group derived in the process (I) for analysis of diffraction data (II).
- the space group can be determined by a computer using a general-purpose program (eg, PLATON or Bruker's WPREP) using the lattice constant of the crystal lattice and Brave lattice information determined above.
- one space group selected from the same space group as the single crystal space group of the porous compound and the space group derived in the processing (I) is used for analyzing the diffraction data. It will be decided. This determination may be made based on the judgment of the user, or may be made by the computer according to a preset rule.
- the computer can determine the space group by providing in advance a rule such as selecting a space group with high symmetry. For example, from the diffraction data, if there is a possibility that the guest compound exists on the symmetry plane and is the fake target data, the subgroup (Cc, C2, P21, P ⁇ ) of the parent space group C2 / c 1, P1) may be programmed to perform the calculation.
- Process (III) performs step (II) in the method of the present invention. That is, the initial structure of the crystal structure analysis sample is determined by using the space group determined in the processing (II) and the diffraction data relating to the crystal structure of the single crystal of the porous compound as initial values. Process (III) determines the initial structure for structure refinement.
- the skeletal structure of a host molecule (a single crystal of a porous compound) that is expected to appear when the initial phase is determined is known in advance, a program for determining the initial phase is not executed.
- the initial structure of the sample for crystal structure analysis can be determined directly using the previously obtained lattice constant and space group information.
- Processing (III) can be executed using a program based on the space group determined in processing (II) and the single crystal crystal structure of the porous compound.
- the program to be used is not particularly limited as long as it can execute the process (III).
- programs such as SHELX, SIR, superflip, X-PLOR (Molecular Simulation) and AMORE (CCP4 (Collaborative Computational Project, Number 4. Acta Crystallogr. D50, 670-673 (1994)).
- Process (IV) performs step (III) in the method of the present invention. That is, the initial structure obtained by the process (III) is refined.
- reflection data (hkl file) and a data file (ins file) of the initial structure before the structure is refined are used. Specifically, it is executed as follows. First, the coordinate value of the atomic group corresponding to the skeleton of the host compound (the single crystal of the porous compound) is applied to the coordinate value of the initial structure before the structure is refined. As actual work, the coordinate values of atomic groups corresponding to the skeleton of the host compound (porous compound single crystal) may be copied to the data file (ins file) of the initial structure. Next, it is possible to refine the structure using these coordinates as initial values. Examples of the structure refinement method include Fourier method, least square method, maximum likelihood method and the like.
- This process is the same as the conventional refinement process, and can be performed using a program.
- the program to be used is not particularly limited as long as the refinement process can be performed.
- known programs such as SHELXL, REFMAC, and Xtal can be used.
- the computer program of the present invention may further have a function of displaying a projected view of the entire molecule, interatomic distance, bond angle, etc., for the molecular structure obtained by refining the structure as described above.
- the method of the present invention can be executed efficiently. Therefore, by using the program of the present invention, even a researcher who is not familiar with crystallography can easily and efficiently analyze diffraction data.
- the recording medium of the present invention is readable by a computer characterized by recording the computer program of the present invention.
- Examples of the recording medium include flexible disk (FD), MO disk, CDR, CDRW, DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, external HDD, memory card, USB memory, silicon disk, HDD compatible silicon disk, and the like.
- the computer program of the present invention may be recorded separately on a plurality of recording media.
- humulene (2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-1,4-8-cycloundecatriene) passes through the process of determining the phase by the heavy atom method in the presence of silver ions in the crystal, J. et al. Chem. Soc. B, 112-120 (1966).
- the molecular structure of humulene can be easily determined by using the obtained data on the initial structure and refining the structure using a known program.
- the porous compound A having a known molecular structure for example, the porous compound A is [(ZnI 2 ) 3 (TPT) 2 (PhNO 2 ) 5.5.
- n it can be obtained by performing an operation of deleting data corresponding to the solvent (PhNO 2 ) from the structural analysis data of this.
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Abstract
Description
回折データを解析する際、通常、検出された回折X線は位相情報が失われているため、フーリエ合成によって、直接、分子の構造(電子密度分布)を決定することができない。このため、従来、結晶構造モデルを初めに構築し、これを精密化して、回折データに適合する結晶構造を得ることにより、分子の構造を決定するという手法が採られてきた。
例えば、図1に示すように、単結晶X線構造解析法の一般的な手順によれば、回折データを収集し、空間群を決定した後、初期位相を決定するステップにより結晶構造モデルを構築し、次いで、それを精密化することにより、測定された回折データに適合する結晶構造を得、分子の構造を決定することができる(非特許文献1)。
このため、回折データを、より簡便かつ効率よく解析し得る方法が望まれていた。
(1)三次元骨格と、該三次元骨格によって仕切られて形成された、三次元的に規則正しく整列した細孔及び/又は中空とを有し、前記三次元骨格が結晶構造解析法によって解明されている多孔性化合物の単結晶の細孔及び/又は中空内に、構造を決定する化合物の分子が規則的に配列されてなる結晶構造解析用試料を用いて得られた回折データの解析方法であって、
結晶構造解析用試料の空間群として、前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の空間群と同一の空間群、又は、前記空間群より対称性が低い空間群を選択するステップ(I)、
前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の結晶構造に関する回折データを初期値として用いて、前記結晶構造解析用試料についての初期構造を決定するステップ(II)、及び、
ステップ(II)で得られた初期構造を精密化するステップ(III)、
を含むことを特徴とする回折データの解析方法。
(2)回折データの解析用プログラムであって、(1)に記載の回折データの解析方法をコンピュータに実行させるプログラム。
(3)前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の空間群を基に、より対称性が低い空間群を導出する処理(I)、
前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の空間群と同一の空間群、及び、処理(I)で導出された空間群からなる群から選ばれる1の空間群を、前記結晶構造解析用試料についての回折データの解析に用いる空間群として決定する処理(II)、
処理(II)で決定された空間群及び前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の結晶構造に関する回折データを初期値として用いて、前記結晶構造解析用試料についての回折データを解析する処理(III)、及び、
処理(III)で得られた結晶構造を精密化する処理(IV)、
をコンピュータに実行させる(2)に記載のプログラム。
(4)さらに、処理(I)で導出された空間群をユーザに提示する処理を含み、処理(II)における空間群の決定が、ユーザの判断に基づいて行われるものである、(3)に記載のプログラム。
(5)処理(II)における空間群の決定が、あらかじめ設定した規則に従ってコンピュータによって行われるものである、(3)に記載のプログラム。
(6)前記(2)~(5)のいずれかに記載のコンピュータプログラムを記録したことを特徴とするコンピュータに読み取り可能な記録媒体。
本発明によれば、ゲスト分子を包接する前の多孔性化合物の単結晶の結晶構造に関する回折データ(結晶学データの座標値)を初期構造として解析することで、初期位相を従来法で決定することなく、初期位相を定めることができる。
本発明の回折データの解析方法は、三次元骨格と、該三次元骨格によって仕切られて形成された、三次元的に規則正しく整列した細孔及び/又は中空とを有し、前記三次元骨格が結晶構造解析法によって解明されている多孔性化合物の単結晶の細孔及び/又は中空内に、構造を決定する化合物の分子が規則的に配列されてなる結晶構造解析用試料を用いて得られた回折データの解析方法であって、以下のステップ(I)~(III)を含むことを特徴とする。
(I)ステップ(I)
結晶構造解析用試料の空間群として、前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の空間群と同一の空間群、又は、前記空間群より対称性が低い空間群を選択するステップ。
(II)ステップ(II)
前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の結晶構造に関する回折データを初期値として用いて、前記結晶構造解析用試料についての初期構造を決定するステップ。
(III)ステップ(III)
ステップ(II)で得られた初期構造を精密化するステップ。
本発明の方法は、例えば、図2に示す手順に従って行うことができる。
本発明に用いる回折データは、三次元骨格と、該三次元骨格によって仕切られて形成された、三次元的に規則正しく整列した細孔及び/又は中空とを有し、前記三次元骨格が結晶構造解析法によって解明されている多孔性化合物の単結晶の細孔及び/又は中空内に、構造を決定する化合物(以下、「化合物(A)」ということがある。)の分子が規則的に配列されてなる結晶構造解析用試料を用いて得られたものである。
多孔性化合物の単結晶は、内部に、三次元骨格と、該三次元骨格によって仕切られて形成された、三次元的に規則正しく整列した細孔及び/又は中空とを有し、前記三次元骨格が結晶構造解析法によって解明されているものである。本発明においては、結晶構造解析法によって解明された、前記単結晶の三次元骨格に関する回折データを初期値として利用する。
「分子鎖」とは、共有結合及び/又は配位結合によって組織化された組織体をいう。この分子鎖内には、分岐構造や環状構造があってよい。
1の分子鎖によって構成された三次元骨格としては、例えば、「ジャングルジム」状に組織化された骨格が挙げられる。
2以上の分子鎖によって構成された三次元骨格としては、2以上の分子鎖が、水素結合、π-πスタッキング相互作用、ファンデルワールス力等の相互作用により、全体として一つに組織化された骨格、例えば、2つの分子鎖が、「ちえのわ」状に絡みあってなる骨格が挙げられる。このような三次元骨格としては、後述する、多核金属錯体1、2の三次元骨格が挙げられる。
「三次元的に規則正しく整列した、細孔及び/又は中空」とは、結晶構造解析によって、細孔や中空を確認することができる程度に乱れなく、規則的に整列している細孔や中空をいう。
「細孔」、「中空」は単結晶内における内部空間を表す。筒状に伸びている内部空間を「細孔」といい、それ以外の内部空間を「中空」という。
すなわち、まず、対象の細孔を横切る適当な方向の結晶面X(A面、B面、C面かそれぞれの対角面など)を選ぶ。そして、結晶面X上に存在し、かつ、三次元骨格を構成する原子を、ファンデルワールス半径を用いて表すことで、結晶面Xを切断面とする細孔の断面図を描く。同様に、当該結晶面Xと一単位胞ずれた結晶面Yを切断面とする細孔の断面図を描く。次に、それぞれの結晶面における細孔の断面形状の中心間を、立体図において直線(一点鎖線)で結ぶ(図3参照)。このとき得られる直線の方向が、細孔が延在する方向である。
すなわち、まず、上記と同様の方法により、前記平行面を切断面とする細孔の断面図を描く。次に、その断面図において細孔の内接円を描き、その直径を測定した後、得られた測定値を実際のスケールに換算することで、実際の細孔の内接円の直径を求めることができる。
さらに、前記平行面を、一単位胞分、徐々に平行移動させながら、各平行面における細孔の内接円の直径を測定することで、最も狭い部分の内接円の直径と、最も広い部分の内接円の直径が求められる。
単結晶の細孔の内接楕円の長径は、2~30Åが好ましく、3~10Åがより好ましい。また、単結晶の細孔の内接楕円の短径は、2~30Åが好ましく、3~10Åがより好ましい。
単結晶の細孔容積(一粒の単結晶中のすべての細孔の容積)は、1×10-7~0.1mm3が好ましく、1×10-5~1×10-3mm3がより好ましい。
「三次元骨格が結晶構造解析法によって解明されている」とは、結晶構造解析用試料の調製に用いる単結晶が、既に結晶構造解析が行われたものあることを意味するのではなく、結晶構造解析用試料の調製に用いる単結晶のものと同じ三次元骨格を有する多孔性化合物の単結晶を用いて、既に結晶構造解析が行われたことを意味する。
また、三次元骨格を解明する際に用いられた多孔性化合物の単結晶と、結晶構造解析用試料の調製に用いる多孔性化合物の単結晶は、三次元骨格に変化がない限り、ゲスト分子の有無やゲスト分子の種類に関して相違していてもよい。
ここで、「配位性部位」とは、配位結合が可能な非共有電子対を有する、配位子中の原子又は原子団をいう。例えば、窒素原子、酸素原子、硫黄原子、リン原子等のヘテロ原子;ニトロ基、アミノ基、シアノ基、カルボキシル基等の原子団;等が挙げられる。なかでも、窒素原子又は窒素原子を含む原子団が好ましい。
なかでも、配位子の平面性が高く、強固な三次元骨格が形成され易いことから、多座配位子としては、芳香環を有するものが好ましい。
一般的に、配位子の中心から、配位性部位までの距離が長い多座配位子を用いると、相対的に細孔や中空が大きい多核金属錯体の単結晶が得られ、配位子の中心から、配位性部位までの距離が短い多座配位子を用いると、相対的に細孔や中空が小さい多核金属錯体の単結晶が得られる。
また、「3つの配位性部位が、三座配位子の中心部に対して等間隔放射状に配置されている」とは、配位子の中心部から等間隔で放射状に延びる線上に、3つの配位性部位が前記中心部から略等距離に配置されている状態をいう。
Arを構成する炭素原子の数は、通常3~22、好ましくは3~13、より好ましくは3~6である。
2価の有機基を構成する炭素原子の数は、2~18が好ましく、2~12がより好ましく、2~6がさらに好ましい。
6員環の芳香環1つからなる単環構造を有する2価の有機基としては、1,4-フェニレン基等が挙げられる。
6員環の芳香環が2~4個縮合してなる縮合環構造を有する2価の有機基としては、1,4-ナフチレン基、アントラセン-1,4-ジイル基等が挙げられる。
これらの2価の有機基の2種以上の組み合わせとしては、下記のものが挙げられる。
また、2価の有機基は、置換基を有するものであってもよい。かかる置換基としては、Arの置換基として先に示したものと同じものが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、X1~X3で表される2価の有機基としては、下記のものが好ましい。
Y1~Y3で表される有機基としては、Ar、X1~X3とともに、π電子共役系を構成し得るものが好ましい。
Y1~Y3で表される有機基がπ電子共役系を構成することで、式(1)で示される三座配位子の平面性が向上し、強固な三次元骨格が形成され易くなる。
Y1~Y3を構成する炭素原子の数は、5~11が好ましく、5~7がより好ましい。
これらの中でも、式(3a)で表される基が特に好ましい。
多核金属錯体が骨格形成性芳香族化合物を含むことで、三次元骨格がより強固になり易く、化合物(A)の分子を包接した後であっても、三次元骨格がより安定化する場合がある。
(1)配位子及び金属イオンのみからなる化合物〔多核金属錯体(α)〕
(2)前記多核金属錯体(α)と、骨格形成性芳香族化合物とからなる化合物〔多核金属錯体(β)〕
(3)前記多核金属錯体(α)又は多核金属錯体(β)に、溶媒分子等のゲスト分子が包接されてなる化合物〔多核金属錯体(γ)〕
前記式(1)で示される三座配位子を用いることで得られる多核金属錯体としては、下記式(6a)~(6c)で示される多核金属錯体が挙げられる。
式(7a)で示される多核金属錯体としては、特開2008-214584号公報、J.Am.Chem.Soc.2004,v.126,pp16292-16293に記載の[(ZnI2)3(TPT)2(PhNO2)5.5]n(多核金属錯体1)や、多核金属錯体1中の反応溶媒分子の全部又は一部を置換溶媒に交換したものが挙げられる。
式(7b)で示される多核金属錯体としては、特開2008-214318号公報に記載の[(ZnBr2)3(TPT)2(PhNO2)5(H2O)]n(多核金属錯体2)や、多核金属錯体2中の反応溶媒分子の全部又は一部を置換溶媒に交換したものが挙げられる。
式(7c)で示される多核金属錯体としては、特開2006-188560号公報に記載の[(ZnI2)3(TPT)2(TPH)(PhNO2)3.9(MeOH)1.8]n(多核金属錯体3)や、[(ZnI2)3(TPT)2(PER)(PhNO2)4]n(多核金属錯体4)や、これらの多核金属錯体中の反応溶媒分子の全部又は一部を置換溶媒に交換したものが挙げられる。
式(7d)で示される多核金属錯体としては、WO2011/062260号公報に記載の[(Co(NCS)2)3(TPT)4(DCB)25(MeOH)5]n(多核金属錯体5)や、多核金属錯体5中の反応溶媒分子の全部又は一部を置換溶媒に交換したものが挙げられる。
[Cu2(bzdc)2(pyz)]n
(「bzdc」は、2,3-ピラジンジカルボン酸を表し、「pyz」は、ピラジンを表す。nは任意の数を表す。)、
[Zn2(14bdc)2(dabco)]n
(「14bdc」は、1,4-ベンゼンジカルボン酸を表し、「dabco」は、1,4-ジアザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタンを表し、nは任意の数を表す。)、
[Cu(dhbpc)2(bpy)]n
(「H3dhbpc」は、4,4’-ジヒドロキシビフェニル-3-カルボン酸を表し、「bpy」は、4,4’-ビピリジルを表し、nは任意の数を表す。)、
[Cr(btc)2」n
(「H3btc」は、1,3,5-ベンゼントリカルボン酸を表し、nは任意の数を表す。)等の多核金属錯体が記載されており、本発明においては、これらの単結晶を用いることができる。
例えば、2012年9月発行のシグマアルドリッチ社パンフレット(材料科学の基礎 第7号-多孔性配位高分子(PCP)/金属有機構造体(MOF)の基礎)には、多座配位子等を含有する溶液と、金属イオン等を含有する溶液を混合する溶液法;耐圧容器内に、溶媒、多座配位子、金属イオン等を入れ、耐圧容器を密封した後、溶媒の沸点以上に加熱して水熱反応を行う水熱法;容器内に、溶媒、多座配位子、金属イオン等を入れ、マイクロ波を照射するマイクロ波法;容器内に、溶媒、多座配位子、金属イオン等を入れ、超音波を照射する超音波法;溶媒を用いることなく、多座配位子、金属イオン等を機械的に混合する固相合成法;等が記載されており、これらの方法を用いて、多核金属錯体の単結晶を得ることができる。
溶液法としては、例えば、多座配位子の第1の溶媒の溶媒溶液に、金属イオン含有化合物の第2の溶媒の溶媒溶液を加え、このまま、0~70℃で、数時間から数日間、静置する方法が挙げられる。
また、上記多核金属錯体1~5については、それぞれ、上記文献に記載された方法にしたがって合成することができる。
本発明に用いる結晶構造解析用試料は、前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の細孔及び/又は中空内に、化合物(A)の分子が規則的に配列されてなるものである。
「化合物(A)の分子が、規則的に配列される」とは、化合物(A)の分子が、結晶構造解析によって構造を決定することができる程度に乱れなく、多孔性化合物の単結晶の細孔及び中空内に規則正しく収容されていることをいう。
占有率は、結晶構造解析により得られる値であり、理想的な包接状態におけるゲスト分子〔化合物(A)の分子〕の量を100%としたときの、単結晶中に実際に存在するゲスト分子の量を表すものである。
化合物(A)の大きさは、化合物(A)が単結晶の細孔及び/又は中空に入り得る大きさのものである限り、特に限定されない。化合物(A)の分子量は、通常、20~3,000、好ましくは100~2,000である。
本発明においては、あらかじめ、核磁気共鳴分光法、質量分析法、元素分析等により、化合物(A)の分子の大きさをある程度把握し、適当な細孔や中空を有する単結晶を適宜選択して用いることも好ましい。
本発明の方法において、収集する回折データとしては、多孔質化合物の単結晶及び結晶構造解析用試料についての、X線回折データや中性子線回折データ等が挙げられる。
回折データを収集する際は、従来の単結晶構造解析における回折データの収集方法を利用することができる。
具体的には、図1に示す従来の手順において、単結晶の代わりに上記の結晶構造解析用試料をマウントする点を除き、その手順に従って回折データの測定を行い、データを収集することができる。図1中の各ステップの詳細は、例えば、前記非特許文献1に記載のとおりである。
なお、近年の結晶構造解析装置においては、回折データの収集における多くのステップがコンピュータにより自動化されている。本発明の方法においても、自動的に収集された回折データを利用することができる。
結晶構造解析用試料の回折データの解析は、図2に示すように、結晶構造解析用試料の空間群として、前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の空間群と同一の空間群、又は、前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の空間群より対称性が低い空間群を選択するステップ(I)、前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の結晶構造に関する回折データ(結晶学データの座標値)を初期値として用いることにより、初期位相を従来法で決定することなく、結晶構造解析用試料の初期構造を決定するステップ(II)、及び、ステップ(II)で得られた初期構造を精密化するステップ(III)を経て行われる。
結晶構造解析用試料の回折データの解析を行う前提として、前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の結晶解析データ(空間群、位相情報、結晶構造情報等)を有していることが必要である。
ステップ(I)は、結晶構造解析用試料の空間群として、前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の空間群と同一の空間群、又は、記多孔性化合物の単結晶の空間群より対称性が低い空間群を選択するステップである。
まず、反射点の指数付けを行う。これにより、大雑把な結晶格子の格子定数とブラベ格子が決定される。
格子定数とは、結晶軸の長さや軸間角度のことをいい、単位格子の各稜間の角度 α,β,γ と、各軸の長さa,b,cを表す6個の定数である。例えば、[(ZnI2)3(TPT)2]nで表される金属錯体の場合には、a=35、b=15、c=31、monoclinicCである。
ブラベ格子とは、格子点の配列の対称性(晶系)と格子の型の組み合わせにより分類される結晶格子をいい、14種のブラベ格子が存在する。
この解析は、X線解析装置メーカー独自のプログラム(例えば、Brukerであれば、APEX等)や、汎用プログラム(HKL2000等)を用いて、コンピュータにより行うことができる。
この解析により、いくつかの候補が挙げられた場合には、親化合物が持つ格子定数(例えば、親化合物が、[(ZnI2)3(TPT)2]nで表される金属錯体である場合には、a=35、b=15、c=31、monoclinicCである。)に最も近いもの(最も近いもので対称性が低いもの)を選択することにより、格子定数及びブラベ格子を決定することができる。
また、コンピュータによる計算の結果、格子定数の見当がつけられない場合には、親化合物がもつ格子定数(例えば、親化合物が、[(ZnI2)3(TPT)2]nで表される金属錯体である場合には、a=35、b=15、c=31、monoclinicCである。)を直接入力し、このデータを基に実測データから、ゲスト化合物が包接したことによる誤差分をrefinementすることで、格子定数及びブラベ格子を決定することができる。
対称要素とは、対称中心、鏡映面、映進面、回転軸及びらせん軸をいい、これらの対称要素に基づく操作を対称操作という。ある対象物に対称操作を施したときに、その前後を区別することができないという性質を対称性という。
一方、本発明の方法においては、結晶構造解析用試料〔以下、「単結晶(α)」ということがある。〕の三次元骨格が、その調製に用いた多孔性化合物の単結晶〔以下、「単結晶(β)」ということがある。〕の三次元骨格と同じであると考えられるため、単結晶(α)の空間群を決定する際に、単結晶(β)の空間群を利用する。
具体的には、上記のように、単結晶(α)の空間群として、単結晶(β)の空間群と同一の空間群、又は、前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の空間群より対称性が低い空間群〔単結晶(β)の空間群から、任意の対称要素を除くことで得られる空間群〕を選択し、回折データの解析を行う。
このように本発明の方法においては、候補となる空間群の数が限定されるため、効率よく真の空間群を決定することができる。
真の空間群であるか否かは、従来と同様、得られた構造に問題が無いか等により判断することができる。
空間群を記述する方法には、ヘルマン・モーガン記号(Hermann-Mauguin)とシェーンフリース記号(Schoenflies)の2つがあるが、どちらであってもよい。
ステップ(II)は、単結晶(β)の結晶構造に関する回折データ(結晶学データの座標値)を初期値として用いて、単結晶(α)の回折データを解析して、単結晶(α)の初期構造を決定するステップである。
単結晶X線結晶構造解析において、結晶構造を得ることは、結晶中に存在する原子周りの電子の密度を記述できる関数(構造因子F)を求めることと同義である。しかしながら、実測可能な回折点のデータからは複素関数であるFの大きさ部分しか決定することはできない。完全なFを記述するには、位相にあたる部分を求める必要があるが、これは、観測データに対し適当な近似値を与え、それから計算的に予測される回折点と実測データがどれくらい合致するかで判断しなくてはならない。
本発明では、空間群や構造が既知の単結晶(α)(結晶スポンジ)に解析対象化合物を導入する(包接させる)ことで得られた結晶構造解析試料を用いる。そのため、上述した空間群や初期位相に関しては、”適当な近似値”が既知である。なぜなら、単結晶(α)と単結晶(β)は骨格構造がほぼ同じと考えることができるからである。本発明では、その”適当な近似値”を用いて解析を行うことで、初期位相問題が発生することなく、解析を行うことで、初期構造を決定することができる。
用いるプログラムとしては、直説法、重原子法、分子置換法等により、単結晶(α)の回折データを解析して、初期構造を決定するものであれば、特に限定されない。例えば、SHELX、SIR、superflip、X-PLOR(モレキュラーシミュレーション社)や、AMORE(CCP4(Collaborative Computational Project,Number4.Acta Crystallogr. D50, 670-673(1994))のプログラム群の1つ)等の公知のプログラムが挙げられる。
ステップ(III)は、ステップ(II)で得られた結晶構造を精密化するステップである。
ステップ(III)は、従来の、構造の精密化ステップと同じものであり、最小二乗法やフーリエ合成(差フーリエ合成)等を繰り返すことで、測定された回折データに適合する結晶構造を得、分子の構造を決定する(非特許文献1)。
これらの方法は、プログラムを用いて実行することができる。用いるプログラムとしては、最小二乗法やフーリエ合成(差フーリエ合成)等を繰り返すことで、測定された回折データに適合する結晶構造を得、分子の構造を決定することができるものであれば、特に限定されない。SHELXL、REFMAC、Xtal等の公知のプログラムが挙げられる。
しかしながら、結晶構造が既知の多孔性化合物の単結晶を利用する本発明の方法によれば、結晶学に馴染みがない研究者等であっても、回折データを簡便かつ効率よく解析することができる。
本発明のコンピュータプログラムは、本発明の回折データの解析方法をコンピュータに実行させるものである。
本発明のコンピュータプログラムは、コンピュータにインストールされて、図3に示すように、回折データの収集、候補となる空間群の表示〔処理(I)〕、データの整理、及び回折データの解析に用いるための空間群の決定〔処理(II)〕、単結晶(β)の結晶構造に関する回折データ(結晶学データ等)を初期値として用いることにより、単結晶(α)の初期構造の決定〔処理(III)〕、初期構造の精密化〔処理(IV)〕を、連続的に実行するものである。
それぞれの処理ごとに、それぞれの処理を行うプラグラムが実行される。
本発明のコンピュータプログラムは、これらのプログラムの集合体であって、処理(I)~(IV)を連続的に行うものである。
主制御装置(CPU)は、プログラムを実行して演算処理を行う装置である。
入出力装置は、プログラムが格納された記録媒体の読み取り装置、インターネットとの通信手段、ユーザとのインターフェース(表示画面、キーボード等)を備える。
記憶装置は、展開されたプログラムのデータ、及び、実行中のデータを保管する装置である。
本発明のコンピュータプログラムは、例えば、記録媒体(CDROM)やインターネットから取得できるものである。
処理(I)は、本発明の方法のステップ(I)のうち、候補となる空間群の導出を行うものである。すなわち、結晶構造解析用試料の空間群として、前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の空間群と同一の空間群、又は、記多孔性化合物の単結晶の空間群より対称性が低い空間群を選択し、表示画面に候補となる空間群を表示する処理である。
例えば、前出の[(ZnI2)3(TPT)2(PhNO2)5.5]n}の場合には、単結晶の空間群はC2/cである。使用者が、空間群C2/cを入力すると、親空間群C2/cとともに、部分群(Cc、C2、P21、P-1、P1)も表示される。
この解析は、X線解析装置メーカー独自のプログラム(例えば、Brukerであれば、APEX等)や、汎用プログラム(HKL2000等)を用いて、コンピュータにより行うことができる。
コンピュータには、空間群に関するデータが記憶されたメモリー領域が設けられており、親空間群を入力すると、親空間群とともに親空間群の部分群も表示する機能を付与することができる。
本発明のコンピュータプログラムは、処理(I)の後、その処理結果をユーザに提示する処理をコンピュータに実行させるものであってもよいし、コンピュータに処理結果をユーザに提示する処理をさせることなく、処理(II)を実行させるものであってもよい。
処理(II)は、本発明の方法におけるステップ(I)のうち、空間群を決定するため演算処理を実行するものである。すなわち、前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の空間群と同一の空間群、及び、処理(I)で導出された空間群からなる群から選ばれる1の空間群を回折データの解析用に決定する処理(II)である。
空間群の決定は、上記で決定した結晶格子の格子定数とブラベ格子の情報を用いて、汎用プログラム(例えば、PLATONやBruker社のWPREP)を用いて、コンピュータにより行うことができる。
処理(II)は、前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の空間群と同一の空間群、及び、処理(I)で導出された空間群からなる群から選ばれる1の空間群を回折データの解析用に決定するものである。
この決定は、ユーザの判断に基づいて行われるものであってもよいし、あらかじめ設定した規則に従ってコンピュータが行うものであってもよい
コンピュータが空間群を決定する場合、対称性が高い空間群を選択する等の規則をあらかじめ設けておくことで、コンピュータが空間群を決定することができる。例えば、回折データから、ゲスト化合物が対称面上に存在して、偽対象データとなっている可能性がある場合には、親空間群C2/cの部分群(Cc、C2、P21、P-1、P1)を用いて、計算を行うようにプログラムされていてもよい。
処理(III)は、本発明の方法におけるステップ(II)を実行するものである。すなわち、処理(II)で決定された空間群及び前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の結晶構造に関する回折データを初期値として用いて、結晶構造解析用試料の初期構造を決定するものである。処理(III)によって、構造の精密化のための初期構造が決定される。
処理(IV)は、本発明の方法におけるステップ(III)を実行するものである。すなわち、処理(III)で得られた初期構造を精密化するものである。
具体的には、次のようにして実行される。
まず、ホスト化合物(多孔性化合物の単結晶)の骨格にあたる原子団の座標値を、構造の精密化前の初期構造の座標値にあてはめる。実際の作業としては、ホスト化合物(多孔性化合物の単結晶)の骨格にあたる原子団の座標値を、前記初期構造のデータファイル(insファイル)にコピーすればよい。
次に、この座標を初期値として構造の精密化を行うことができる。構造の精密化法としては、フーリエ法、最小二乗法、最尤法等が挙げられる。
この処理は、従来の精密化処理と同様のものであり、プログラムを用いて行うことができる。用いるプログラムとしては、精密化処理を行うことができるものであれば、特に限定されない。例えば、SHELXL、REFMAC、Xtal等の公知のプログラムが挙げられる。
本発明の記録媒体は、本発明のコンピュータプログラムを記録したことを特徴とするコンピュータに読み取り可能なものである。
記録媒体としては、フレキシブルディスク(FD)、MOディスク、CDR、CDRW、DVD-ROM、DVD-RAM、外付けHDD、メモリカード、USBメモリ、シリコンディスク、HDD互換シリコンディスク等が挙げられる。また、本発明のコンピュータプログラムが、複数の記録媒体に分けて記録されたものであってもよい。
得られた初期構造に関するデータを使用し、公知のプログラムを用いて、構造精密化を行うことで、フムレンの分子構造を容易に決定することができる。
多孔性化合物Aのみの原子座標を記述したデータファイルは、分子構造が既知の多孔性化合物A、例えば、多孔性化合物Aが、[(ZnI2)3(TPT)2(PhNO2)5.5]nである場合、このものの結構構造解析データから、溶媒である(PhNO2)に対応するデータを削除する操作を行うことにより、入手することができる。
細孔性錯体にグアイアズレン分子を包摂させた結晶のデータでは、shelxs(初期構造を得るプログラム)を実行した場合は、錯体部分の構造しか得られない(図5)。一方、本発明の方法により初期構造を与えることで、グアイアズレンの構造の殆どが既に見えた状態で、構造解析を開始することができる(図6)。
2:結晶面Y
3:細孔
4:細孔が延在する方向
Claims (6)
- 三次元骨格と、該三次元骨格によって仕切られて形成された、三次元的に規則正しく整列した細孔及び/又は中空とを有し、前記三次元骨格が結晶構造解析法によって解明されている多孔性化合物の単結晶の細孔及び/又は中空内に、構造を決定する化合物の分子が規則的に配列されてなる結晶構造解析用試料を用いて得られた回折データの解析方法であって、
結晶構造解析用試料の空間群として、前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の空間群と同一の空間群、又は、前記空間群より対称性が低い空間群を選択するステップ(I)、
前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の結晶構造に関する回折データを初期値として用いて、前記結晶構造解析用試料についての初期構造を決定するステップ(II)、及び、
ステップ(II)で得られた初期構造を精密化するステップ(III)、
を含むことを特徴とする回折データの解析方法。 - 回折データの解析用プログラムであって、請求項1に記載の回折データの解析方法をコンピュータに実行させるコンピュータプログラム。
- 前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の空間群を基に、より対称性が低い空間群を導出する処理(I)、
前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の空間群と同一の空間群、及び、処理(I)で導出された空間群から選ばれる1の空間群を、結晶構造解析用試料についての回折データの解析に用いる空間群として決定する処理(II)、
処理(II)で決定された空間群及び前記多孔性化合物の単結晶の結晶構造に関する回折データを初期値として用いて、前記結晶構造解析用試料についての初期構造を決定する処理(III)、及び、
処理(III)で得られた初期構造を精密化する処理(IV)、
をコンピュータに実行させる、請求項2に記載のコンピュータプログラム。 - さらに、処理(I)で導出された空間群をユーザに提示する処理を含み、処理(II)における空間群の決定が、ユーザの判断に基づいて行われるものである、請求項3に記載のコンピュータプログラム。
- 処理(II)における空間群の決定が、あらかじめ設定した規則に従ってコンピュータによって行われるものである、請求項3に記載のコンピュータプログラム。
- 請求項2~5のいずれかに記載のコンピュータプログラムを記録したことを特徴とするコンピュータに読み取り可能な記録媒体。
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