WO2016015578A1 - 光耦合装置及光模块 - Google Patents

光耦合装置及光模块 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016015578A1
WO2016015578A1 PCT/CN2015/084686 CN2015084686W WO2016015578A1 WO 2016015578 A1 WO2016015578 A1 WO 2016015578A1 CN 2015084686 W CN2015084686 W CN 2015084686W WO 2016015578 A1 WO2016015578 A1 WO 2016015578A1
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optical waveguide
planar optical
planar
optical
grating coupler
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PCT/CN2015/084686
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈侠
秦振凯
傅正华
张源
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2016015578A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016015578A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/34—Optical coupling means utilising prism or grating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of optical communication technologies, and in particular, to an optical coupling device and an optical module.
  • An optical waveguide is a conductive structure composed of a light transparent medium (such as quartz glass) for transmitting optical frequency electromagnetic waves.
  • a planar optical waveguide means that the optical waveguides are located in the same plane.
  • an optical coupling device is provided for the prior art.
  • the optical coupling device includes an upper planar optical waveguide disposed on the upper substrate and a lower planar optical waveguide disposed on the lower substrate. One end of the lower planar optical waveguide is connected to the lower grating coupler, and one end of the upper planar optical waveguide is coupled to the upper grating.
  • the devices are connected, and the upper and lower substrates are fixedly connected by a structure.
  • the light transmitted in the lower planar optical waveguide needs to be transmitted to the lower grating coupler, and the light is transmitted through the lower grating coupler.
  • the mode field size and propagation direction are adjusted and transmitted to the upper grating coupler.
  • the upper mode grating coupler adjusts the mode field size and propagation direction of the light and is coupled to the upper planar optical waveguide.
  • This coupling method requires the use of two grating couplers. To prepare an effective grating coupler, it is required to be limited by the size of the planar optical waveguide and the refractive index of the material. The preparation process is complicated, resulting in the preparation of the optical coupling device. The process is complicated and the preparation cost is high.
  • the invention provides an optical coupling device for solving the technical problem that the preparation process of the optical coupling device existing in the prior art is relatively complicated and the preparation cost is high.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an optical coupling device, including a first planar optical waveguide, a second planar optical waveguide, and a grating coupler, wherein a cross-sectional dimension of the first planar optical waveguide is greater than the second planar light.
  • the grating coupler is in communication with one end of the second planar optical waveguide, and the first planar optical waveguide is disposed at a position corresponding to the grating coupler with a reflective end surface, the reflective end surface and the first plane
  • the angle between the extending directions of the optical waveguides is greater than 0° and less than 90°; after the light is transmitted from the second planar optical waveguide to the grating coupler, the grating coupler propagates from the grating coupler to the reflective end surface, and a cross section of the outgoing light formed by the reflection end surface and a cross section of the optical mode field of the first planar optical waveguide at least partially coincident, and a propagation direction of the outgoing light of the overlapping portion is in the optical mode field a component exists in the direction of propagation to achieve a portion that will coincide with the cross section of the optical mode field and that has a component in the direction of propagation of the optical mode field, the outgoing light being coupled into the first planar optical waveguide and
  • the cross-sectional dimension of the optical mode field of the grating coupler is less than or equal to the cross-sectional dimension of the optical mode field of the first planar optical waveguide, so that the light is from The grating coupler propagates to the reflective end surface, and a cross section of the outgoing light formed by the reflection end surface is overlapped with a cross section of the optical mode field of the first planar optical waveguide.
  • the direction of propagation of the outgoing light is the same as the direction of propagation of the optical mode field of the first planar optical waveguide.
  • the first planar optical waveguide and the first The pitch of the two planar optical waveguides is greater than 0 and less than 200 ⁇ m.
  • the grating coupler and the first plane A light transmissive medium is present between the waveguide segments of the optical waveguide corresponding to the grating coupler.
  • the first plane The outer surface of the optical waveguide is wrapped with a protective layer, and the protective layer of the first planar optical waveguide that is wrapped around the outer surface of the waveguide segment of the grating coupler is made of a light transmissive material.
  • the reflective end surface Covered with a coating, or the reflective end surface is polished and polished.
  • the first substrate is further included And the second substrate:
  • the first planar optical waveguide is disposed on the first substrate, the second planar optical waveguide is disposed on the second substrate, and the first substrate is located at the first planar optical waveguide and the second The side of the planar optical waveguide facing away from the side, the second substrate being located on a side of the second planar optical waveguide that faces away from the first planar optical waveguide.
  • the first substrate and the second substrate are positioned and connected.
  • the present invention further provides an optical module comprising an electro-optical converter and an optical coupling device according to any of the possible implementations of the first aspect, the electro-optical converter receiving an electrical signal and the electrical signal Converted to an optical signal, the electro-optic converter transmits the optical signal to the optical coupling device.
  • the optical coupling device provided by the embodiment of the present invention realizes optical coupling between the first planar optical waveguide and the second planar optical waveguide having different cross-sectional dimensions, and one end of the second planar optical waveguide having a small cross-sectional dimension and the grating
  • the coupler is connected such that after the light transmitted in the second planar optical waveguide passes through the grating coupler, the optical mode field is amplified while the direction of propagation is changed; corresponding to the grating coupler on the first planar optical waveguide having a large cross-sectional size Positioning a reflective end face for reflecting light at the reflective end face when the light is transmitted from the grating coupler to the reflective end face, and then transmitting the reflected light in the first planar optical waveguide to realize light from the second planar optical waveguide
  • the optical coupling device provided by the embodiment of the invention reduces the complexity of the manufacturing process compared with the optical coupling device provided by the prior art; and the optical coupling device provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts a
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic structural view of an optical coupling device provided by the prior art
  • FIG. 1b is a schematic structural diagram of an optical coupling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1c is a schematic structural view of a cross section of reflected light and a cross section of an optical mode field of the first planar optical waveguide;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical coupling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of still another optical coupling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1b is a schematic structural diagram of an optical coupling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the optical coupling device includes a first planar optical waveguide 101, a second planar optical waveguide 103, and a grating coupler 105, wherein the first planar light
  • the cross-sectional size of the waveguide 101 is different from the cross-sectional size of the second planar optical waveguide 103.
  • the cross-sectional dimension of the first planar optical waveguide 101 is larger than the cross-sectional size of the second planar optical waveguide 103.
  • the grating coupler 105 is in communication with one end of the second planar optical waveguide 103.
  • a reflective end surface 107 is disposed in the first planar optical waveguide 101 corresponding to the position of the grating coupler 105.
  • the angle between the extending directions of a planar optical waveguide 101 is greater than 0° and less than 90°.
  • a transmission line diagram of light in the optical coupling device that is, light is transmitted from the second planar optical waveguide 103 to the grating coupler 105, and then coupled from the grating coupler 105 to the first planar optical waveguide 101, To achieve transmission in the first planar optical waveguide 101.
  • the coupling of light from the grating coupler 105 to the first planar optical waveguide 101 means that the light enters the first planar optical waveguide 101 in a direction at an angle ⁇ with the reflective end surface 107 as shown in FIG. 2a, and then passes through the first planar optical waveguide 101.
  • the reflective end surface 107 is reflected and transmitted in the first planar optical waveguide 101.
  • the grating coupler 105 is connected to a planar optical waveguide having a small cross-sectional size, for example, FIG. 1b.
  • the cross-sectional dimension of the second planar optical waveguide 103 is smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the first planar optical waveguide 101, the grating coupler 105 and one end of the second planar optical waveguide 103 are in communication while corresponding to the grating in the first planar optical waveguide 101.
  • the position of the coupler 105 is provided with a reflective end face 107.
  • the size of the reflective end face of a planar optical waveguide having a relatively large cross-sectional size is relatively large, and the ability to change the optical path is relatively strong, and the light coupled to the waveguide is reflected by the reflective end face, and the coupling efficiency is relatively high.
  • the reflective end face is set to be high on a planar optical waveguide having a small cross-sectional size. It should be understood that when the cross-sectional dimension of the first planar optical waveguide 101 is smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the second planar optical waveguide 103, the grating coupler will communicate with one end of the first planar optical waveguide 101, and the second planar optical waveguide.
  • a reflective end face is disposed in the position corresponding to the grating coupler 105 in 103, and similarly, the reflective end face and the extension of the second planar optical waveguide
  • the angle between the directions is greater than 0° and less than 90°. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, since the cross-sectional dimension of the second planar optical waveguide 103 is smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the first planar optical waveguide 101, the light in the second planar optical waveguide 103 is first transmitted to the grating coupler 105.
  • the mode field size of the light is varied by the grating coupler 105 to match the optical mode field of the first planar optical waveguide 101.
  • the second planar optical waveguide 103 and the first planar optical waveguide 101 The matching degree of the optical mode field; the second is the component of the propagation direction of the outgoing light formed by the reflection end face in the propagation direction of the optical mode field of the first planar optical waveguide 101.
  • the optical mode field of the grating coupler 105 is designed to be the first The optical mode field of the planar optical waveguide 101 is the same, and the light propagates from the grating coupler 105 to the reflective end face 107, and when coupled to the first planar optical waveguide 101 via the reflective end face 107, the cross-sectional dimension of the outgoing light and the first planar optical waveguide 101 The larger the cross-sectional area of the optical mode field, the higher the coupling efficiency.
  • the angle between the light and the reflective end face 107 is required by controlling the propagation of light from the grating coupler 105 to the reflective end face 107.
  • the component of the direction of propagation of the reflected light in the direction of propagation of the optical mode field of the first planar optical waveguide 101 can be maximized by designing the angle between the light and the reflective end face 107.
  • the grating coupler is an optical device capable of changing the size and direction of the optical mode field of the planar optical waveguide output.
  • the coupling of light from the second planar optical waveguide 103 to the first planar optical waveguide 101 relies on the grating coupler 105 and the reflective end face 107 to collectively change the direction of propagation of the light and the mode field in which the grating coupler 105 changes the light. To achieve the coupling efficiency.
  • the cross section of the outgoing light formed by the reflection of the reflective end surface and the cross section of the optical mode field of the first planar optical waveguide at least partially overlap, and the propagation direction of the outgoing light of the overlapping portion is There is a component in the direction of propagation of the optical mode field, which can be understood by referring to Figure 1c.
  • 1c is a schematic structural diagram of an optical mode field of reflected light and a first planar optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 304 is a cross section of a reflected light beam
  • 305 indicates a propagation direction of the reflected light beam
  • 302 is the first
  • 301 is the cross section of the optical mode field of the first planar optical waveguide
  • 306 refers to the transmission direction of the optical mode field.
  • the 303 is a coincident portion of the section 304 of the reflected light beam and the section 301 of the optical mode field of the first planar optical waveguide, and ⁇ is a clip of the propagation direction 305 of the reflected light beam and the transmission direction 306 of the optical mode field of the first planar optical waveguide.
  • the angle sin ⁇ is the component of the direction 305 of propagation of the reflected light beam in the direction 306 of propagation of the optical mode field of the first planar optical waveguide.
  • the component of the reflected light beam transmitted over the optical mode field 302 of the first planar optical waveguide is: a section 304 of the reflected light beam and a section 301 of the optical mode field of the first planar optical waveguide.
  • the coincidence portion 303 is the product of sin ⁇ .
  • first planar optical waveguide 101 and the second planar optical waveguide 103 may be parallel to each other or may not be parallel to each other, but the first planar optical waveguide 101 and the second planar optical waveguide 103 The spacing between them needs to be limited to a range of more than 0 and less than 200 um.
  • any grating coupler that can vary the size and orientation of the optical mode field can be used in the present invention as a uniform grating coupler, an apodized grating coupler, a focus grating coupler, and the like.
  • the transparent medium refers to a medium that allows at least partial penetration of light of a specific wavelength. It can be air, light-transmitting glue, etc., which allows light to penetrate.
  • the outer surface of the first planar optical waveguide 101 may be covered with a protective layer.
  • the protective layer of the first planar optical waveguide 101 corresponding to the outer surface of the waveguide segment of the grating coupler 105 is made of a transparent material.
  • the protective layer of the first planar optical waveguide 101 that does not correspond to the outer surface of the waveguide segment of the grating coupler 105 may be made of a transparent material or an opaque material, which is not limited in the present invention. of.
  • the outer surface of the second planar optical waveguide 103 may also be covered with a protective layer.
  • the protective layer may be made of a light-transmitting material or an opaque material, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • the reflective end surface 107 can improve the reflection efficiency by grinding and polishing, or a coating film can be added on the outer surface of the reflective end surface 107 to improve the reflection efficiency.
  • the optical coupling device provided by the embodiment of the present invention performs optical coupling between the first planar optical waveguide and the second planar optical waveguide, and the cross-sectional dimension of the first planar optical waveguide is larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the second planar optical waveguide.
  • the optical coupling device provided by the embodiment of the present invention reduces the complexity of the manufacturing process compared with the optical coupling device provided by the prior art; and the optical coupling device provided by the embodiment of the present invention uses a grating coupler and A reflective end face realizes optical coupling, and compared with the prior art, it is required to use two grating couplers at the same time, not only the grinding end face is polished in the process Relatively easy to implement, and the reflection end surface grinding with respect to the preparation of the grating coupler is much lower cost
  • the optical coupling device further includes a first substrate 212 and a second substrate 216, and the first substrate 212 is configured to carry the first planar optical waveguide 211.
  • the second substrate 216 is configured to carry the second flat a surface optical waveguide 213, the first planar optical waveguide 211 is disposed opposite to the second planar optical waveguide 213, and the first substrate 212 is located at the first planar optical waveguide 211 and the second planar optical waveguide 213 On the side facing away, the second substrate 216 is located on a side of the second planar optical waveguide 213 that faces away from the first planar optical waveguide 211. Further, referring to FIG.
  • the first substrate 212 where the first planar optical waveguide 211 is located and the first substrate 216 where the second planar optical waveguide 213 is located are positioned and connected by the positioning structure 214.
  • the method may be implemented by any one of the following methods: at least one guide pin may be disposed on the first substrate 212, and the second substrate 216 is provided with a pin hole matched with the at least one guide pin. The alignment between the first substrate 212 and the second substrate 216 is achieved by the guiding between the corresponding guide pin and the pin hole. It should be understood that it is also possible to provide a guide pin on the second substrate 216, and a pin hole is provided in the first substrate 212, the effect is the same.
  • the first substrate 212 is etched with at least one groove
  • the second substrate 216 is provided with a boss that cooperates with the at least one groove
  • the first substrate 212 and the second substrate 216 pass through corresponding grooves. Positioning connection with the boss. It will be appreciated that the grooves may also be etched on the second substrate 216 to provide a land on the first substrate 212 with the same effect.
  • the first substrate 212 where the first planar optical waveguide 211 is located and the second substrate 216 where the second planar optical waveguide 213 is located may be glued and fixed.
  • the first substrate 212 and the second substrate are implemented by using a transparent adhesive. The glue between the substrates 216 is fixed. It should be noted that any method capable of realizing the positioning connection between the first substrate 212 and the second substrate 216 is within the protection scope of the present invention, and is not limited to the three solutions listed above.
  • light is transmitted in the direction of the reflective end surface 315 in the first planar optical waveguide 311.
  • the reflected light is transmitted to the grating coupler 317 through the grating.
  • the coupler 317 changes its propagation direction and optical mode field, it is transferred from the grating coupler 317 into the second planar optical waveguide 313 and transmitted in the second planar optical waveguide 313, thereby coupling light from the first planar optical waveguide 311 to The second planar optical waveguide 313.
  • the optical transmission line of the first embodiment is from the second planar optical waveguide to the grating coupler to the first planar optical waveguide; In this embodiment, the optical transmission line is from the first planar optical waveguide to the grating coupler to the second planar optical waveguide;
  • the first embodiment or the optical coupling device used in the present embodiment is the same. Therefore, the features of the optical coupling device used in the first embodiment are also applicable to the embodiment, and are not described herein again.
  • an optical module 40 is provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the optical module 40 includes an electro-optical converter 41 and the optical coupling device 42 described in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the electro-optical converter 41 is configured to convert the received electrical signal into an optical signal and transmit the optical signal to the optical coupling device 42.
  • the optical coupling device 42 is further configured to couple the optical signals and pass the coupled signals through the optical fibers.
  • the optical coupling device used in the embodiment of the present invention has a simple manufacturing process and a low cost. Therefore, the optical module provided by the embodiment of the present invention is relatively constant with respect to the existing optical module. The degree of complexity reduces the complexity of the manufacturing process and reduces costs.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

一种光耦合装置，包括：第一平面光波导（101）、第二平面光波导（103）和光栅耦合器（105）；第一平面光波导（101）的截面尺寸大于第二平面光波导（103）的截面尺寸，光栅耦合器（105）与第二平面光波导（103）的一端相连通，第一平面光波导（101）与光栅耦合器（105）相对应的位置设置反射端面（107），反射端面（107）与第一平面光波导（101）的延伸方向之间的夹角为锐角；光从第二平面光波导（103）传输到光栅耦合器（105）后再传播到反射端面（107），并经反射端面（107）反射后形成出射光耦合到第一平面光波导（101）中。能够降低工艺的复杂度并降低成本。

Description

光耦合装置及光模块
本申请要求于2014年07月26日提交中国专利局、申请号为201410363471.9、发明名称为“光耦合装置及光模块”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及光通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种光耦合装置及光模块。
背景技术
光波导(Optical Waveguide)是由光透明介质(如石英玻璃)构成的用于传输光频电磁波的导行结构，平面光波导(PLC，Planar Light wave Circuit)是指光波导位于同一个平面内。参阅附图1a，为现有技术提供的一种光耦合装置。该光耦合装置包括设置在上层基底上的上层平面光波导和设置在下层基底上的下层平面光波导，下层平面光波导的一端与下层光栅耦合器连接，上层平面光波导的一端与上层光栅耦合器连接，上下基底之间通过定为结构固定连接。在该方案中，为实现将下层平面光波导内传输的光要耦合到上层平面光波导中，需将下层平面光波导内传输的光传输到下层光栅耦合器中，经下层光栅耦合器对光的模场大小和传播方向进行调整后，传输到上层光栅耦合器中，同样的，经上层光栅耦合器对光的模场大小和传播方向进行调整后，耦合到上层平面光波导中。这种耦合方式需要使用两个光栅耦合器，要制备一个有效的光栅耦合器，需要受平面光波导的尺寸以及材料的折射率的限制等，制备工艺比较复杂，从而导致该光耦合装置的制备工艺比较复杂，且制备成本较高。
发明内容
本发明提供一种光耦合装置，用于解决现有技术中存在的光耦合装置的制备工艺比较复杂度，且制备成本较高的技术问题。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供一种光耦合装置，该包括第一平面光波导、第二平面光波导和光栅耦合器，所述第一平面光波导的截面尺寸大于所述第二平面光波导的截面尺寸，
所述光栅耦合器与所述第二平面光波导的一端相连通，所述第一平面光波导与所述光栅耦合器相对应的位置设置一反射端面，所述反射端面与所述第一平面光波导的延伸方向之间的夹角大于0°且小于90°；光从所述第二平面光波导传输到所述光栅耦合器后，从所述光栅耦合器传播到所述反射端面，并经所述反射端面反射后形成的出射光的截面和所述第一平面光波导的光模场的截面至少有部分重合，且重合部分的所述出射光的传播方向在所述光模场的传播方向上存在分量，以实现将与所述光模场的截面相重合且在所述光模场的传播方向上存在分量的部分所述出射光耦合到所述第一平面光波导中并在所述第一平面光波导中传输。
结合第一方面，在第一种可能的实现方式下，所述光栅耦合器的光模场的截面尺寸小于或者等于所述第一平面光波导的光模场的截面尺寸，以使光从所述光栅耦合器传播到所述反射端面，并经所述反射端面反射后形成的出射光的截面和所述第一平面光波导的光模场的截面相重合。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式下，所述出射光的传播方向与所述第一平面光波导的光模场的传播方向相同。
结合第一方面、第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式或者第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式下，所述第一平面光波导和所述第二平面光波导的间距大于0且小于200μm。
结合第一方面、第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式或者第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式下，所述光栅耦合器和所述第一平面光波导内对应于所述光栅耦合器的波导段之间存在透光介质。
结合第一方面或者第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式中任一种实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式下，所述第一平面光波导的外表面包裹有保护层，且所述第一平面光波导内对应于所述光栅耦合器的波导段的外表面包裹的保护层使用透光材料制成。
结合第一方面或者第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中任一种实现方式，在第六种可能的实现方式下，所述反射端面上覆盖有一层镀膜，或者，所述反射端面经过了研磨抛光处理。
结合第一方面或者第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式中任一种实现方式，在第七种可能的实现方式下，还包括第一基底和第二基底：
所述第一平面光波导设置在所述第一基底上，所述第二平面光波导设置在所述第二基底上，所述第一基底位于所述第一平面光波导与所述第二平面光波导相背离的一侧，所述第二基底位于所述第二平面光波导与所述第一平面光波导相背离的一侧。
结合第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式，在第八种可能的实现方式下，所述第一基底和所述第二基底之间定位连接。
第二方面，本发明还提供一种光模块，包括电光转换器和如第一方面任一种可能的实现方式所述的光耦合装置，所述电光转换器接收电信号并将所述电信号转换为光信号，所述电光转换器将所述光信号传输给所述光耦合装置。
可知，本发明实施例提供的光耦合装置，为实现截面尺寸不同的第一平面光波导和第二平面光波导之间的光耦合，使截面尺寸较小的第二平面光波导的一端与光栅耦合器连通，以使第二平面光波导内传输的光经过光栅耦合器后，光模场得以放大同时传播方向得以改变；在截面尺寸较大的第一平面光波导上对应于光栅耦合器的位置设置反射端面，用于使光从光栅耦合器传输到该反射端面处时在该反射端面处发生反射，然后反射光在第一平面光波导内传输，以实现将光从第二平面光波导耦合到第一平面光波导，本发明实施例提供的光耦合装置相对于现有技术提供的光耦合装置来说，降低了制备工艺的复杂度；且本发明实施例提供的光耦合装置采用光栅耦合器和反射端面实现光耦合，相对于现有技术需要同时使用两个光栅耦合器来说，不仅该反射端面的打磨在工艺上比较容易实现，并且该反射端面的打磨相对于制备光栅耦合器来说成本要低的多，也即本发明实施例提供的光耦合装置不仅降低了制备工艺的复杂度，而且降低了成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1a为现有技术提供的一种光耦合装置的结构示意图；
图1b为本发明实施例提供的一种光耦合装置的结构示意图；
图1c为反射光的截面和第一平面光波导的光模场的截面的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的另一种光耦合装置的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的再一种光耦合装置的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种光模块的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
参见附图1b，为本发明实施例提供的一种光耦合装置的结构示意图，该光耦合装置包括第一平面光波导101、第二平面光波导103和光栅耦合器105，其中第一平面光波导101的截面尺寸与第二平面光波导103的截面尺寸大小不等，图1b所示的是，第一平面光波导101的截面尺寸比第二平面光波导103的截面尺寸大。在本发明实施例中，光栅耦合器105与第二平面光波导103的一端相连通，第一平面光波导101内对应于光栅耦合器105的位置设置一反射端面107，该反射端面107与第一平面光波导101的延伸方向之间的夹角大于0°且小于90°。进一步参阅附图1b，可知光在该光耦合装置中的传输线路图，即光从第二平面光波导103传输到光栅耦合器105，然后从光栅耦合器105耦合到第一平面光波导101，以实现在第一平面光波导101中传输。具体的，光从光栅耦合器105耦合到第一平面光波导101，是指光按照图2a所示的沿着与反射端面107呈β夹角的方向进入第一平面光波导101中，然后经该反射端面107反射后，在第一平面光波导101中传输。
需要说明的是，在第一平面光波导101的截面尺寸不等于第二平面光波导103的截面尺寸时，优选的，光栅耦合器105和截面尺寸较小的平面光波导连通，例如，图1b中，第二平面光波导103的截面尺寸小于第一平面光波导101的截面尺寸，则光栅耦合器105和第二平面光波导103的一端连通，同时在第一平面光波导101内对应于光栅耦合器105的位置设置反射端面107。这是因为，截面尺寸比较大的平面光波导的反射端面的尺寸会比较大，进而改变光路的能力比较强，则经该反射端面反射后耦合到波导的光就比较多，耦合效率相对于在截面尺寸比较小的平面光波导上设置反射端面要高。应当理解的是，在第一平面光波导101的截面尺寸比第二平面光波导103的截面尺寸小时，光栅耦合器将与第一平面光波导101的一端相连通，而在第二平面光波导103内对应于光栅耦合器105的位置设置一反射端面，同样的，该反射端面与第二平面光波导的延伸 方向之间的夹角大于0°且小于90°。需要说明的是，本实施例中，由于第二平面光波导103的截面尺寸小于第一平面光波导101的截面尺寸，所以第二平面光波导103中的光先传输到光栅耦合器105中，经光栅耦合器105改变光的模场大小以与第一平面光波导101的光模场相匹配。
值得注意的是，影响光从第二平面光波导103到第一平面光波导101的耦合效率的因素有至少有下述两个：一是第二平面光波导103和第一平面光波导101的光模场的匹配度；二是经反射端面反射后形成的出射光的传播方向在第一平面光波导101的光模场的传播方向上的分量大小。优选的，在经反射端面107反射后形成的出射光的传播方向与第一平面光波导101的光模场的传播方向相同的情况下，将光栅耦合器105的光模场设计成与第一平面光波导101的光模场相同，则光从光栅耦合器105传播到反射端面107，并经反射端面107耦合到第一平面光波导101时，出射光的截面尺寸与第一平面光波导101的光模场的截面尺寸重合面积就越大，耦合效率就越高。对于影响光从第二平面光波导103到第一平面光波导101的耦合效率的第二个因素，需要通过控制光从光栅耦合器105传播到反射端面107时，光与反射端面107的夹角来实现，具体可以通过设计光与反射端面107的夹角来实现反射光的传播方向在第一平面光波导101的光模场的传播方向上的分量最大化。其中，光栅耦合器是一种能够改变平面光波导输出的光模场的大小及方向的光学装置。也即，本实施例中，光从第二平面光波导103耦合到第一平面光波导101是依靠光栅耦合器105和反射端面107共同改变光的传播方向以及光栅耦合器105改变光的模场以提高耦合效率实现的。
具体的，所述经所述反射端面反射后形成的出射光的截面和所述第一平面光波导的光模场的截面至少有部分重合，且重合部分的所述出射光的传播方向在所述光模场的传播方向上存在分量，可通过参见附图1c进行理解。参见附图1c,为本发明实施例提供的反射光和第一平面光波导的光模场的结构示意图，304为反射光光束的截面，305指示了反射光光束的传播方向；302为第一平面光波导的光模场，301为第一平面光波导的光模场的截面，306是指了该光模场的传输方向。303为反射光光束的截面304和第一平面光波导的光模场的截面301的重合部分，σ为反射光光束的传播方向305和第一平面光波导的光模场的传输方向306的夹角，sinσ为反射光光束的传播方向305在第一平面光波导的光模场的传输方向306上的分量。在附图1c所示的实施例中，反射光光束在第一平面光波导的光模场302上传输的分量为：反射光光束的截面304和第一平面光波导的光模场的截面301的重合部分303与sinσ的乘积。
进一步的，在本发明实施例中，第一平面光波导101和第二平面光波导103可以是互相平行的，也可以不是互相平行的，但第一平面光波导101和第二平面光波导103之间的间距需要限制在大于0且小于200um的范围内。
应当知道的是，本发明中使用可以是均匀光栅耦合器、变迹光栅耦合器、聚焦光栅耦合器等任何能够改变光模场的大小及方向的光栅耦合器。
需要说明的是，光栅耦合器105和第一平面光波导101内对应于光栅耦合器105的波导段之间存在透光介质，该透明介质是指允许特定波长的光至少部分穿透的介质，可以空气、透光胶等允许光穿透的介质。
进一步的，第一平面光波导101的外表面可以包裹有保护层，值得注意的是，第一平面光波导101内对应于光栅耦合器105的波导段的外表面包裹的保护层使用透明材料制成，以便于光从光栅耦合器105顺利的传播到反射端面107上。当然，第一平面光波导101内不对应于光栅耦合器105的波导段的外表面包裹的保护层可以使用透明材料制成，也可以使用不透明材料制成，本发明对此不做限制性规定的。进一步的，第二平面光波导103的外表面也可以包裹有保护层，该保护层可以使用透光材料制成，也可以使用不透明材料制成，本发明对此也不做限制性规定的。
进一步的，反射端面107可以通过碾磨抛光的方式提高反射效率，也可以在反射端面107的外表面上增加一层镀膜，以提高反射效率。
可知，本发明实施例提供的光耦合装置，对于第一平面光波导和第二平面光波导之间进行光耦合且第一平面光波导的截面尺寸大于第二平面光波导的截面尺寸的情形，通过在第二平面光波导上设置光栅耦合器，以增大在该第二平面光波导上传输的光的模场；同时，在第一平面光波导上对应于光栅耦合器的位置设置反射端面，用于使光从光栅耦合器传输到该反射端面处时在该反射端面处发生反射，然后反射光在第一平面光波导内传输，以实现将光从第二平面光波导耦合到第一平面光波导，本发明实施例提供的光耦合装置相对于现有技术提供的光耦合装置来说，降低了制备工艺的复杂度；且本发明实施例提供的光耦合装置采用一个光栅耦合器和一个反射端面实现光耦合，相对于现有技术需要同时使用两个光栅耦合器来说，不仅该反射端面的打磨在工艺上比较容易实现，并且该反射端面的打磨相对于制备光栅耦合器来说成本要低的多，也即本发明实施例提供的光耦合装置不仅降低了制备工艺的复杂度，而且降低了成本。在本发明的另一实施例中，参阅附图2，所述光耦合装置还包括第一基底212和第二基底216，所述第一基底212用于承载所述第一平面光波导211，所述第二基底216用于承载所述第二平 面光波导213，所述第一平面光波导211与所述第二平面光波导213相对设置，所述第一基底212位于所述第一平面光波导211与所述第二平面光波导213相背离的侧面上，所述第二基底216位于所述第二平面光波导213与所述第一平面光波导211相背离的侧面上。进一步的，参阅附图2，第一平面光波导211所在的第一基底212和第二平面光波导213所在的第一基底216之间通过定位结构214定位连接。具体的，可以通过下述方法中的任一种方法实现：第一、第一基底212上面可以设置至少一个导销，第二基底216上设有与所述至少一个导销相配合的销孔，第一基底212和第二基底216之间通过对应的导销和销孔之间的导向实现对位。应当知道的是，也可以在第二基底216上设置导销，在第一基底212上设置销孔，其效果是一样的。第二、第一基底212上蚀刻至少一个凹槽，第二基底216上设有与所述至少一个凹槽相配合的凸台，第一基底212和第二基底216之间通过对应的凹槽和凸台实现定位连接。应当知道的是，也可以在第二基底216上蚀刻凹槽，在第一基底212上设置凸台，其效果是一样的。第三，第一平面光波导211所在的第一基底212和第二平面光波导213所在的第二基底216之间可以胶接固定，优选的，使用透光胶实现第一基底212和第二基底216之间的胶接固定。需要说明的是，任意能够实现第一基底212和第二基底216之间定位连接的方法都在本发明的保护范围内，不限于上述列举的三种方案。
通过在承载第一平面光波导的第一基底和承载第二平面光波导的第二基底之间设置定位结构，可以保证第一平面光波导和第二平面光波导之间的间距不随意发生变化，进而保证第一平面光波导和第二平面光波导之间的光耦合不会因为间距的改变而发生波动。
实施例二
参阅附图3，为本发明的另一个实施例，光在第一平面光波导311中朝着反射端面315的方向传输，经过反射端面315反射后，反射光传输到光栅耦合器317，经光栅耦合器317改变其传播方向和光模场后，从光栅耦合器317传递到第二平面光波导313中并在第二平面光波导313中传输，从而实现将光从第一平面光波导311耦合到第二平面光波导313。
应当理解的是，该实施例和前述实施例一的区别仅在于光的传输线路不同，实施例一光的传输线路是从第二平面光波导到光栅耦合器，再到第一平面光波导；本实施例中，光的传输线路是从第一平面光波导到光栅耦合器，再到第二平面光波导；不管是前 述实施例一还是本实施例，使用的光耦合装置是相同的，所以，使用于前述实施例一的光耦合装置的特征同样适用于本实施例，此处不再赘述。
实施例三
进一步的，参阅附图4，为本发明实施例提供的一种光模块40，该光模块40包括电光转换器41和前述实施例所述的光耦合装置42，当然，该光模块还可以包括其他光电子器件、功能电路以及光接口等，应当理解的是，光模块40和现有的光模块的区别主要在于光耦合装置42。
具体的，电光转换器41用于将接收到的电信号转换成光信号，并将光信号传输给光耦合装置42。光耦合装置42进一步用于将光信号进行耦合，再将耦合信号通过光纤传递出去。
结合实施例一和二可知，由于本发明实施例使用的光耦合装置制备工艺简单且成本低，所以，相应的，本发明实施例提供的光模块相对于现有的光模块来说，在一定程度降低了制备工艺的复杂度，降低了成本。
其中上述实施例之间可以相互参见。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光耦合装置，其特征在于，包括第一平面光波导、第二平面光波导和光栅耦合器，所述第一平面光波导的截面尺寸大于所述第二平面光波导的截面尺寸，
    所述光栅耦合器与所述第二平面光波导的一端相连通，所述第一平面光波导与所述光栅耦合器相对应的位置设置一反射端面，所述反射端面与所述第一平面光波导的延伸方向之间的夹角大于0°且小于90°；
    光从所述第二平面光波导传输到所述光栅耦合器后，从所述光栅耦合器传播到所述反射端面，并经所述反射端面反射后形成的出射光的截面和所述第一平面光波导的光模场的截面至少有部分重合，且重合部分的所述出射光的传播方向在所述光模场的传播方向上存在分量，以实现将与所述光模场的截面相重合且在所述光模场的传播方向上存在分量的部分所述出射光耦合到所述第一平面光波导中并在所述第一平面光波导中传输。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光耦合装置，其特征在于：
    所述光栅耦合器的光模场的截面尺寸小于或者等于所述第一平面光波导的光模场的截面尺寸，以使光从所述光栅耦合器传播到所述反射端面，并经所述反射端面反射后形成的出射光的截面和所述第一平面光波导的光模场的截面相重合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光耦合装置，其特征在于：
    所述出射光的传播方向与所述第一平面光波导的光模场的传播方向相同。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的光耦合装置，其特征在于：
    所述第一平面光波导和所述第二平面光波导的间距大于0且小于200μm。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的光耦合装置，其特征在于：
    所述光栅耦合器和所述第一平面光波导内对应于所述光栅耦合器的波导段之间存在透光介质。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的光互联装置，其特征在于：
    所述第一平面光波导的外表面包裹有保护层，且所述第一平面光波导内对应于所述光栅耦合器的波导段的外表面包裹的保护层使用透光材料制成。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的光耦合装置，其特征在于：
    所述反射端面上覆盖有一层镀膜，或者，所述反射端面经过了研磨抛光处理。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的光耦合装置，其特征在于，还包括第一基底和第二基底：
    所述第一平面光波导设置在所述第一基底上，所述第二平面光波导设置在所述第二基底上，所述第一基底位于所述第一平面光波导与所述第二平面光波导相背离的一侧，所述第二基底位于所述第二平面光波导与所述第一平面光波导相背离的一侧。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的光耦合装置，其特征在于：
    所述第一基底和所述第二基底之间定位连接。
  10. 一种光模块，其特征在于，包括电光转换器和如权利要求1至9任一项所述的光耦合装置，所述电光转换器接收电信号并将所述电信号转换为光信号，所述电光转换器将所述光信号传输给所述光耦合装置。
PCT/CN2015/084686 2014-07-26 2015-07-21 光耦合装置及光模块 WO2016015578A1 (zh)

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WO2018014365A1 (en) * 2016-07-21 2018-01-25 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Multi-material waveguide for photonic integrated circuit
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