WO2016009208A1 - Raccords d'extrémité pour tuyaux composites à matrice polymère renforcée par des fibres - Google Patents

Raccords d'extrémité pour tuyaux composites à matrice polymère renforcée par des fibres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016009208A1
WO2016009208A1 PCT/GB2015/052053 GB2015052053W WO2016009208A1 WO 2016009208 A1 WO2016009208 A1 WO 2016009208A1 GB 2015052053 W GB2015052053 W GB 2015052053W WO 2016009208 A1 WO2016009208 A1 WO 2016009208A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipe
end fitting
bore
thermoplastic matrix
barrel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2015/052053
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Graeme HYSON
Original Assignee
Sigma Precision Components Uk Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sigma Precision Components Uk Limited filed Critical Sigma Precision Components Uk Limited
Publication of WO2016009208A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016009208A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/20—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics based principally on specific properties of plastics
    • F16L47/24—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics based principally on specific properties of plastics for joints between metal and plastics pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C57/00—Shaping of tube ends, e.g. flanging, belling or closing; Apparatus therefor, e.g. collapsible mandrels
    • B29C57/02—Belling or enlarging, e.g. combined with forming a groove
    • B29C57/04—Belling or enlarging, e.g. combined with forming a groove using mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/44—Joining a heated non plastics element to a plastics element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/567—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using a tamping or a swaging operation, i.e. at least partially deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined
    • B29C65/568—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using a tamping or a swaging operation, i.e. at least partially deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined using a swaging operation, i.e. totally deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
    • B29C66/12441—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue being a single wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
    • B29C66/12469—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being asymmetric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30321—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of protrusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7314—Electrical and dielectric properties
    • B29C66/73141—Electrical conductivity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/44—Joining a heated non plastics element to a plastics element
    • B29C65/46—Joining a heated non plastics element to a plastics element heated by induction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION relates to the end fittings for rigid fluid impermeable fibre reinforced polymer matrix composite pipes or tubes, methods of connecting such fittings to composite pipes and tube, and composite pipes and tubes fitted with such end fittings.
  • composite pipe refers to a pipe made from a thermoplastic matrix in which reinforcing fibres, braids or fabrics are embedded.
  • thermoplastic composite pipe discloses a method of manufacturing a novel thermoplastic composite pipe, and in particular it discloses a rigid thermoplastic pipe that comprises a thermoplastic-rich layer formed at the bore of the pipe that is surrounded by a fibre-reinforced region.
  • the inner region is substantially wholly thermoplastic and provides the preciseness of dimensions and fluid impermeability of the pipe wall whist the fibre- reinforced region provides the strength.
  • the reinforcing fibres are formed as a hollow tubular braided structure formed by weaving the braiding threads using a conventional circular braiding machine.
  • a conventional circular braiding machine typically consists of two sets of an even number of spools carrying the braiding yarns.
  • One set of spools rotates about a common central axis in a clockwise direction whist the other set rotates about the same axis in an anticlockwise direction. Whilst revolving in opposite directions, the spools of each set are diverted to pass alternately inside and outside one or more of the threads of the other set, so that the braiding threads pass alternately under and over one or more of the threads of the other set.
  • thermoplastic pipe is reinforced with metal or electrically conductive fibres or filaments (for example carbon fibres) there is a need to avoid or at least lessen the effects of galvanic or electrolytic corrosion at interfaces between dissimilar metals or electrical conductors.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a mechanical way of joining metal end fittings to thermoplastic pipes without the need to chemically or adhesively bond the metal fitting to the composite pipe.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an end fitting for a rigid self-supporting thermoplastic pipe that is reinforced with one or more circular braided reinforcing fabrics and which has a fluid impermeable region adjacent to, or forming, the bore of the pipe.
  • a further object is to provide a composite pipe that has end fittings that are interchangeable with metal or metallic pipes in most circumstances where metal or metallic pipes are used.
  • a further aspect of one embodiment of the invention is to provide a mechanical way of joining metal end fittings with thermoplastic pipes with means for reducing or lessening electrolytic corrosion between a metal end fitting and electrically conductive reinforcing fibres or filaments of the composite pipe.
  • an end fitting for a composite pipe comprising a thermoplastic matrix in which is embedded reinforcing fibres braids or fabrics are embedded, the end fitting comprising a hollow barrel that has a retaining feature which in use engages the bore of the pipe to secure the barrel in the pipe, and an external deformable collar which in use is capable of being swaged down onto the pipe when the pipe is heated to soften the thermoplastic matrix and thereby secure the end fitting in the bore of the pipe.
  • the retaining feature may comprises a shoulder having a chamfer at its distal end and a neck portion remote from the distal end of the barrel that is of a smaller diameter than the shoulder on to which, in use, the external collar squeezes the softened thermoplastic matrix to trap and retain the shoulder and thereby secure the barrel in the bore of the pipe.
  • the retaining feature comprises a tapered region that has a plurality of spaced ridges on it outer surface on to which, in use, the external collar squeezes the softened thermoplastic matrix to trap and retain the tapered portion and thereby secure the end fitting in the bore of the pipe.
  • the collar may be provided with teeth that project radially inwards to engage and penetrate the thermoplastic matrix when the collar is swaged onto the outside of the pipe.
  • a method of fixing an end fitting constructed in accordance with any one of the preceding claims comprising the steps of heating the end of the pipe to a temperature at which the thermoplastic matrix softens but does not lose its shape and simultaneously swaging the bore of the pipe radially outwards, inserting into the swaged bore the retaining feature of the barrel, locating the external deformable collar around the outside of the pipe in the vicinity of the end fitting, and swaging the collar onto the pipe to deform the softened thermoplastic matrix to grip and trap the retaining feature and thereby secure the end fitting in the bore of the pipe.
  • the step of swaging of the bore radially outwards nay be done by inserting a tool that is preheated to a temperature at which the thermoplastic matrix will soften into the bore of the pipe to heat and soften the thermoplastic matrix.
  • the swaging of the bore radially outwards may be done by inserting an end fitting that is pre-heated to a temperature at which the thermoplastic matrix will soften into the bore of the pipe to heat and soften the thermoplastic matrix.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a cross sectional view of a thermoplastic composite rigid pipe to which end fittings constructed in accordance with the present invention can be attached to each end of the pipe
  • Figure 2 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the pipe shown in figure 1 with a first end fitting constructed in accordance with the present invention inserted into a swaged end of the pipe prior to securing the end fitting in place;
  • Figure 3 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the pipe shown in figure 2 with the end fitting shown in Figure 2 secured in place on the pipe;
  • Figures 4 show a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the pipe shown in figure 1 and shows a swaging tool for swaging the bore of the pipe to enable an end fitting to be fixed to the pipe of figure 1 prior to inserting it into the bore of the pipe;
  • Figure 5 shows the swaging tool shown in Figure 4 after insertion into the pipe
  • Figure 6 shows the swaging tool of Figures 4 and 5 after removal from the pipe, prior to inserting the end fitting of Figure 2 into the pipe;
  • Figures 7 to 9 show a second end fitting constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figures 10 to 13 show a third end fitting for fitting to the ends of the composite pipe shown in Figure 1 in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown, schematically a transverse cross sectional view of a rigid composite pipe 10 to which an end fitting 20 or 40 of the type shown in Figures 2 to 13 is fitted in accordance with the method of the present invention.
  • Fuller details of the design of this pipe 10 are set out in our co-pending International Patent application No: PCT/GB/2015/050468.
  • the pipe 10 has a wall structure comprising a first region 11 of 100 % thermoplastic material that defines the bore 12 of the pipe (and constitutes a fluid impermeable layer), surrounded by a circumferential zone 14 that is predominantly made of a braided fibre- reinforced fabric 15 embedded in a thermoplastic matrix.
  • the fabric 15 is a carbon fibre braided fabric.
  • the pipe 10 is effectively made in two steps namely, firstly by forming a semi-rigid unfinished "green” state pipe that is self-supporting, and then forming or bending the pipe 10 to the desired finished shape.
  • the "green” state pipe is made using a heat-shrink layer 16 on the outside circumference of the pipe 10 which when heated causes the zone 14 to be squeezed into the fibre reinforcement 15 and fuse with the first zone 11.
  • the Green pipe 10 is then fabricated into the finished shape using a modified multi-axis pipe-bending machine.
  • a conventional pipe-bending machine of the type used for bending metal or metallic pipes is modified to provide a heating means operable to heat the pipe 10 at least in the region of where the pipe 10 is to be bent to a temperature sufficient to soften the thermoplastic material (without the pipe 10 losing its shape) and enable the pipe to be formed to a desired shape.
  • the heating means used during pipe-bending may comprise heated bending tools, radiant heaters, induction heaters (in this case the reinforcing fibres are those (such as for example carbon fibres) that are susceptible to induction heating, by infra red heaters, or by ultrasonic or high frequency heating devices,
  • the pipe 10 When the pipe 10 is bent to the desired shape the pipe 10 is allowed to cool so as to retain the formed shape.
  • the specific method of manufacturing the composite pipe 10 is not part of the present invention except for the heating steps required to form the pipe 10 onto an end fitting 20 that enables the pipe 10 to be fitted to other pipes or structures (not shown).
  • the thermoplastic material of the pipe 10 is PEEK but other thermoplastic materials could be used to form the matrix.
  • the thermoplastic may be selected from one or more of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyaryletherketone (PAEK), polyetherketone (PEK), poly oxy methylene (POM), polyphenylenesulphide (PPS), polyethyleneimine (PEI), Polyacrylamide (PA), or a mixture of two or more of these thermoplastics.
  • the outer diameter of the pipe 10 in the present examples is between 0.25 inches (6mm) up to 2.0 inches (50mm), but the invention is not restricted to this range of sizes.
  • a pipe 10 of the type shown in Figure 1 is fitted with an end fitting 20 which is preferably made of metal, in order to enable the composite pipe to be used in those applications currently using metal pipes.
  • FIGs 2 and 3 show the longitudinal cross section view of a first end fitting 20 constructed in accordance of the present invention.
  • Each end fitting 20 comprises a hollow metal barrel 21 that is of slightly larger outer diameter than that of the bore 12of the pipe 10 and an external sleeve or collar 22 that secures the barrel in place on the pipe 10 as shown in Figure 3.
  • the barrel 21 has a retaining feature 23 in the form of a shoulder region 24 at its distal end that is of larger outer diameter than the bore of the pipe 10, and a neck portion 25 remote from the distal end of the barrel 21.
  • the neck 25 is of a smaller outer diameter than the outer diameter of the shoulder 24.
  • the retaining feature 23 secures the end fitting 20 in the bore 12 of the pipe 10 as will be explained.
  • the shoulder region 24 has a chamfer 26 at its distal end.
  • the barrel 21 has a bore that is of the same diameter as the bore 12 of the pipe 10 and is made of a metal that is heat resistant so as to withstand being heated to a temperature in the range of 350°C to 450°C, at which the thermoplastic matrix of the zones 11 and 12 of the pipe 10 softens as will be explained below.
  • the external collar 22 is made of a metal that can be deformed or swaged radially inwards on the outside of the pipe 10.
  • the collar 22 may be a separate part to the barrel 21 (as shown in Figures 2 and 3) or it may be fitted onto the barrel 21 as shown in Figures 7 to 10.
  • the fitting 20 is secured to an end of the pipe 10 by firstly positioning the external collar 22 loosely on the outside of the pipe 10 and then offering the chamfered end 26 of a pre-heated barrel 21 up to the end of the pipe 10 and inserting it into the bore of the pipe 10.
  • the barrel 21 is pushed firmly into the bore 12 of the pipe 10 to swage the wall of the pipe outwards.
  • the barrel 21 is heated to a temperature (350°C to 450°C ) at which the thermoplastic matrix of the pipe 10, in at least the region 11, will soften without the pipe 10 collapsing or losing its shape.
  • a split die (not shown) is assembled around the pipe 10 to provide support to the wall of the pipe 10.
  • the pipe may be strong enough to withstand the compression of the wall of the pipe during the swaging step, and it may not be necessary to use a split die.
  • a non-heated barrel 21 is used, and the bore 12 of the pipe 10 is swaged by inserting a preheated forming tool 30 that has an outer diameter similar to that of the shoulder 24 of the barrel 21 into the bore 12 of the pipe 10.
  • the tool is pre-heated to a temperature in the range of 350° C to 450°C.
  • the tool 30 is first offered up to the end of the pipe 10 as shown in Figure 4 and plunged into the bore 9 of the pipe 10 as shown in Figure 5 to swage the bore 12 radially outward. The tool 30 is then withdrawn from the bore 12 as shown in Figure 6.
  • a collar 22 is slid over the outside of the pipe 10 and positioned alongside the neck 25, the barrel 21 of an end fitting 20 is then inserted into the swaged bore and the collar 22 is then swaged onto the outside of the pipe 10 (see Figure 3) before the thermoplastic matrix hardens, to trap the shoulder 24 within the deformed thermoplastic matrix.
  • the barrel 21 or tool 30 may be heated by radiant thermal heaters, infrared heater, halogen light source heaters, ultrasonic heaters, or electrical induction heaters (where the barrel 21 or tool 37 is an inductance susceptor).
  • FIGS 7 to 9 show the longitudinal cross section of a second end fitting 40 constructed in accordance of the present invention.
  • Each end fitting 40 comprises a hollow metal barrel 41 that has an externally tapered portion 42 that is of slightly larger outer diameter than the diameter of the bore 12 of the pipe 10, and an external collar 43.
  • the barrel 41 has a bore 44 of the same diameter as that of the bore 12 of the pipe 10.
  • the tapered portion 42 has a plurality of spaced circumferentially extending ridges 45 spaced along its length that in use serve to grip the bore 12 of the pipe 10.
  • a layer of thermoplastic tape (not shown), such as for example PEEK tape, is wrapped around the tapered region 42 prior to inserting the tapered portion 42 in the bore of the pipe 10 so that it melts during the heating and swaging steps.
  • the External collar 43 can be a separate part (see Figure 7) that is swaged onto the pipe 1, or a separate part that is swaged (or formed as an interference fit) onto an external shoulder 44 of the fitting 40 as shown in figure 8.
  • the collar 43 could be machined as an integral part of the fitting 40 that is spaced radially outwards of the barrel 41 as shown in figure 9.
  • the end of the pipe 10 is first swaged as shown in Figures 4 to 6 to leave an enlarged internal diameter that will receive the distal tip of the tapered region 42 of the end fitting 40 using a pre-heated tool 30 that is heated to a temperature in the range of 350° C to 450°C to soften the thermoplastic matrix. Whilst the matrix is in the plastic state, the tapered region 42 is fully inserted into the swaged bore 12 and the collar 43 is swaged down onto the tapered region 42 to engage the ridges 45 with the pipe 10 and hold the end fitting 40 in place.
  • FIG. 10 to 13 there is shown a modification of the end fitting 20 or 40 for use with rigid composite pipes 10 that are reinforced with, or contain, electrically conductive fibres or filaments (such as for example wires, carbon fibres or the like).
  • the external collar 22 or 43 is provided with longitudinally extending internal teeth 47 that project radially inwards sufficient to penetrate into the pipe 10 and thereby contact the electrically conductive fibres in the thermoplastic matrix.
  • the teeth 47 ensure that electrical continuity is maintained to reduce galvanic corrosion or electrolytic corrosion due to dissimilar metal contacts.
  • electrically conductive particles such as for example carbon particles or chopped carbon fibres may be provided. If desired further electrical conductors such as for example wires or continuous carbon fibres may be incorporated in the thermoplastic matrix of the pipe 10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un raccord d'extrémité (20, 40), pour un tuyau composite (10), qui comporte une matrice thermoplastique (14) dans laquelle sont incorporés des tissus ou des tresses de fibres de renfort (15), et sur un procédé de fixation du raccord d'extrémité (20, 40) sur un tuyau composite (10). Le raccord d'extrémité (20, 40) comprend un corps creux (21, 41), qui possède un élément de retenue (épaulement (21), dents (45)), qui, lors de l'utilisation, vient en prise avec le perçage (12) du tuyau (10) de façon à fixer le corps (21, 41) dans le tuyau (10), et un collier déformable, externe (22, 43), qui, lors de l'utilisation, peut être serti sur le tuyau (10) quand le tuyau est chauffé de façon à ramollir la matrice thermoplastique. Le tuyau (10) est chauffé dans un état plastique soit à l'aide d'un raccord d'extrémité préchauffé (20, 40), soit à l'aide d'un outil de sertissage préchauffé (30).
PCT/GB2015/052053 2014-07-15 2015-07-15 Raccords d'extrémité pour tuyaux composites à matrice polymère renforcée par des fibres WO2016009208A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1412515.7A GB201412515D0 (en) 2014-07-15 2014-07-15 End fittings for fibre reinforced polymer matrix composite pipes
GB1412515.7 2014-07-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016009208A1 true WO2016009208A1 (fr) 2016-01-21

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GB (1) GB201412515D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016009208A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3798137A4 (fr) * 2018-05-23 2021-07-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Structure de tuyau et structure en treillis, et satellite artificiel utilisant de telles structures
EP4039451A1 (fr) * 2021-02-04 2022-08-10 B/E Aerospace, Inc. Joints composites métalliques pour tiges composites

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3476408A (en) * 1966-10-28 1969-11-04 Du Pont Transition fittings
US4653779A (en) * 1986-03-17 1987-03-31 Dayco Products, Inc. Hose coupling and method of making the same
US20040088849A1 (en) * 1999-09-22 2004-05-13 Reynolds Harris A. Method for manufacturing a connection for composite tubing
WO2014058413A1 (fr) * 2012-10-09 2014-04-17 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Procédé pour fixer des brides métalliques à des conduits thermiques en plastique

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3476408A (en) * 1966-10-28 1969-11-04 Du Pont Transition fittings
US4653779A (en) * 1986-03-17 1987-03-31 Dayco Products, Inc. Hose coupling and method of making the same
US20040088849A1 (en) * 1999-09-22 2004-05-13 Reynolds Harris A. Method for manufacturing a connection for composite tubing
WO2014058413A1 (fr) * 2012-10-09 2014-04-17 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Procédé pour fixer des brides métalliques à des conduits thermiques en plastique

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3798137A4 (fr) * 2018-05-23 2021-07-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Structure de tuyau et structure en treillis, et satellite artificiel utilisant de telles structures
EP4039451A1 (fr) * 2021-02-04 2022-08-10 B/E Aerospace, Inc. Joints composites métalliques pour tiges composites

Also Published As

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