WO2016005700A1 - Procédé de modification de polysaccharides par greffage de polyétheramines, polysaccharides ainsi modifiés et préparations les comportant et présentant des propriétés rhéologiques thermosensibles - Google Patents
Procédé de modification de polysaccharides par greffage de polyétheramines, polysaccharides ainsi modifiés et préparations les comportant et présentant des propriétés rhéologiques thermosensibles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016005700A1 WO2016005700A1 PCT/FR2015/051883 FR2015051883W WO2016005700A1 WO 2016005700 A1 WO2016005700 A1 WO 2016005700A1 FR 2015051883 W FR2015051883 W FR 2015051883W WO 2016005700 A1 WO2016005700 A1 WO 2016005700A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polysaccharides
- polyetheramine
- modified
- polysaccharide
- residue
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 possibly substituted Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 105
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 claims description 56
- 229960003160 hyaluronic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000006143 cell culture medium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001218 Pullulan Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004373 Pullulan Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001586 anionic polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004836 anionic polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001266 acyl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- JVIPLYCGEZUBIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dioxoisoindole-5-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C2C(=O)N1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JVIPLYCGEZUBIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001425 Diethylaminoethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000206672 Gelidium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000012035 limiting reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000451 gelidium spp. gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000004656 cell transport Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010102 embolization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 34
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 20
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
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- YOCIJWAHRAJQFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-2-methylpropanoyl bromide Chemical compound CC(C)(Br)C(Br)=O YOCIJWAHRAJQFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- HBPVGJGBRWIVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-bromohexanoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)CCCCCBr HBPVGJGBRWIVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGCXGMAHQTYDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroacetyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)=O VGCXGMAHQTYDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-MNSSHETKSA-N hyaluronan Chemical class CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H](C(O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-MNSSHETKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCC[NH+]1CCN(CCS([O-])(=O)=O)CC1 JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000722985 Fidia Species 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHPHCDZRWUIBCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-2-methylpropanoyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC(C)C(Br)=O GHPHCDZRWUIBCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- MEZLKOACVSPNER-GFCCVEGCSA-N selegiline Chemical compound C#CCN(C)[C@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MEZLKOACVSPNER-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0009—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid alpha-D-Glucans, e.g. polydextrose, alternan, glycogen; (alpha-1,4)(alpha-1,6)-D-Glucans; (alpha-1,3)(alpha-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. isolichenan or nigeran; (alpha-1,4)-D-Glucans; (alpha-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. pseudonigeran; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0018—Pullulan, i.e. (alpha-1,4)(alpha-1,6)-D-glucan; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/0018—Culture media for cell or tissue culture
- C12N5/0043—Medium free of human- or animal-derived components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0033—Xanthan, i.e. D-glucose, D-mannose and D-glucuronic acid units, saubstituted with acetate and pyruvate, with a main chain of (beta-1,4)-D-glucose units; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
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Definitions
- the invention relates to organic chemistry, more particularly to polysaccharide chemistry. It relates more specifically to the modification of natural or synthetic polysaccharides by grafting polyetheramines. It also relates to the use of these modified polysaccharides in the form of a hydrogel as a cell culture medium. These hydrogel preparations may have thermosensitive rheological properties, which are of interest for their intracorporeal use in human and veterinary medicine, for cell culture and the transport of biological samples (cells, explants, biopsies, etc.). State of the art
- hyaluronic acid One of the most common polysaccharides in the animal and human body is hyaluronic acid. It can be manufactured on an industrial scale by fermentation using microorganisms (in particular Streptococcus equi). This product of biological origin is a biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide, which can form hydrogels. For these reasons, intracorporeal uses have been sought for this product, particularly in orthopedics. Thus, the intracorporeal use of hydrogels of hyaluronic acid (HA) for the treatment of worn or damaged cartilage is well known; the best known method is viscosupplementation (i.e. addition of HA to synovial fluid, or total replacement of synovial fluid by HA). Intracorporeal use in dermatology has also been considered.
- HA hyaluronic acid
- I 095 064 (Fidia) describes a number of HA derivatives.
- EP 2 457 574 A1 (Fidia Andvanced Biopolymes) describes the preparation of biomaterials from derivatives of HA which are amides, and tests of their use in viscosupplementation.
- WO 2004/022603 (LG Life Sciences) discloses HA polymers crosslinked with glycol based polymers, while KR 1007 37954 B1 (Korea University) describes an acrylated derivative of HA; these two documents envisage the intracorporeal use of the products obtained.
- patent application EP 1 659 143 discloses thermosensitive hydrogels of hyaluronic acid and a propylene oxide-based secondary polyetheramine (Jeffamine® XTJ-507).
- the intended application is the regeneration of cartilage.
- the viscosity transition zone is spread over a temperature range of about 15 ° C., which is too wide for an application in medicine.
- Heat-sensitive hydrogels of chitosan modified by acetylation or deacetylation are also known, see US 2009/0004276 (Mor Research Applications Ltd). It is also known that the modification of certain polysaccharides makes it possible to prepare hydrogels whose properties depend on pH, see the thesis quoted by Zied Souguir and the publication of G. Mocanu et al., "New anionic crosslinked multi-responsive pullulan hydrogels" , published in Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 87, p. 1440-1446 (2012).
- a first object of the invention is a method for modifying polysaccharides, in which:
- the product obtained in the presence of NaCl is purified, at least in part, by a membrane separation method, said purification being carried out at a pH of between 9 and 13 (and preferably between 10 and 12);
- step (c) the product resulting from step (b) is purified, at least in part, by a membrane separation method, said purification being carried out after neutralization at a pH of between 6 and 8 (preferably between 6.5 and 7.5), optionally after lyophilization and washing of the lyophilized product (preferably with ethanol).
- R advantageously represents an alkyl residue, possibly substituted (for example a residue in C 1, C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , C 6 , C 7 , C 8 , C 9 , C 10 -C n or C 12), or a aromatic residue (for example a phenyl residue), possibly substituted.
- said modified polyetheramine is a polyethermonoamine in which the radical R 'has the following structure: z
- Advantageously leadite polyetheramine R ' has a molar mass of between about 300 and about 3000, and even more preferably between about 500 and about 2500, and / or said polyetheramine having a molar ratio of [propylene oxide] / [oxide of ethylene] of between 10/1 and 1/10.
- the process according to the invention may comprise at least one purification step, and preferably all purification steps after neutralization, is carried out at a temperature below 20 °. C, preferably between 0 ° C and 15 ° C, and even more preferably between 2 ° C and 8 ° C.
- the product resulting from stage (c) may be lyophilized, washed with ethanol and dried.
- said polysaccharide is selected from the group formed by neutral polysaccharides (and especially by pullulan and dextran), natural anionic polysaccharides (and in particular: alginate, hyaluronic acid, xanthan gum, agar agar gum, pectins, heparin), synthetic anionic polysaccharides (and in particular: carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylpullunane), natural cationic polysaccharides (and in particular chitosan), cationic synthetic polysaccharides (and especially: diethylaminoethylcellulose, diethylamonithyldextran), amphiphilic polysaccharides, zwitterionic polysaccharides natural or obtained by chemical modification (and in particular carboxymethylchitosan), or mixtures of these polysaccharides.
- Pullulan, xanthan, alginate and hyaluronic acid are particularly preferred.
- Another subject of the invention is a modified polysaccharide obtainable by the process according to the invention.
- Yet another subject of the invention is a hydrogel formed by at least one modified polysaccharide according to the invention and an aqueous liquid.
- Said aqueous liquid may comprise serum and / or cell culture medium.
- the hydrogel according to the invention advantageously has thermosensitive rheological properties with a transition temperature of between 33 and 39 ° C. In another embodiment, it has thermosensitive rheological properties with a transition temperature of between 4 and 20 ° C.
- Yet another object of the invention is the use of a hydrogel according to the invention in a medium for cell culture or in a medium for the transport of cells.
- Yet another subject of the invention is the use of a hydrogel according to the invention for the preparation of a composition intended to be used as a cutaneous dressing, embolizing agent, viscosupplementation agent, filler, post-surgical adhesion limiting agent, or tissue regenerating agent.
- Said modified polyetheramines of the type (XRC (O) NH) b R ' which are used in the method for modifying polysaccharides according to the invention do not exist in the state of the art, and can be prepared by a new process of preparing a modified polyetheramine (XRC (O) NH) b R 'by reacting a polyetheramine (H 2 N) b R' with a halogenated acyl halide XRC (O) X, wherein:
- the two reactants are mixed in the presence of a base, preferably Et 3 N and / or NaOH, and the mixture is allowed to react at a temperature below 35 ° C., preferably below 25 ° C., even more preferably less than 20 ° and optimally between 0 ° C and 10 ° C, preferably in the absence of solvent (and preferably in the absence of DMF and THF).
- a base preferably Et 3 N and / or NaOH
- b is 1, 2 u 3, where X is halogen (preferably Cl or Br );
- R represents a possible substituted alkyl radical (for example a C 6 residue), or an aromatic radical (for example a phenyl radical) which may be substituted (but the functionalization of the aromatic radical is not preferred); and
- R ' represents a polyether, preferably of the PPO or (PEO) x -co- (PPO) y type .
- the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base, preferably Et 3 N and / or NaOH, which captures the HX resulting from the reaction.
- a base preferably Et 3 N and / or NaOH
- the reaction is advantageously carried out at a temperature below 20 ° C., preferably between 0 ° C. and 10 ° C.
- the reaction medium can be washed with acidified water.
- the modified polyetheramine obtained by this process can be stored in the presence of an alcohol (preferably isopropanol).
- an alcohol preferably isopropanol.
- the polyetheramines H 2 N- ' are preferred, and in particular those having the following structure:
- Z 1 is a hydrogen atom (in the case of ethylene oxide) or a methyl (in the case of propylene oxide), or an ethyl or propyl
- x and y indicate the length of the chains , knowing that for a given molecule, x and y are integers, but on a given product as it will be used (which may have molecules whose length may not be identical) x and y represent mean values.
- the molar mass of the usable polyetheramines may range from about 300 to about 3000, and a range of 500 to 2500 is preferred.
- the molar ratio of PO / EO may vary within fairly wide limits, for example / 1 and 1/10.
- polyetherdiamines and in particular those which have the following structure:
- Z 1 , x and y have the meaning indicated above, and z represents, as x and y, and as explained above, the length of the chain.
- Z 2 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl.
- the number n can range from 0 to 12, and is preferably 0, 1 or 2.
- Said polyetheramine advantageously has a molar mass of between about 300 and about 3,000, and even more preferentially between about 500 and about 2,500.
- said polyetheramine advantageously a molar ratio of [propylene oxide] / [ethylene oxide] of between 10/1 and 1/10.
- These modified polyetheramines are useful synthetic intermediates for the preparation of modified polysaccharides, and especially as described above.
- a last object of the invention is the use of a modified polyetheramine according to the invention for modifying a polysaccharide.
- Figures 1 to 6, 8 and 9 illustrate various aspects of the invention
- Figure 7 relates to the state of the art.
- Figures 1 and 2 relate to an attempt to modify a Jeffamine® M2005 type polyetheramine by reaction with a halogenated acyl halide.
- the vertical axis represents the normalized intensity.
- Figure 1 shows the 1 H NMR Spectrum (in CDCl 3 ) of the modified polyetheramine.
- FIGS. 3 to 5 relate to a grafting test of a polysaccharide (in this case hyaluronic acid) with a Jeffamine® M2005-type polyetheramine which has been previously modified by reaction with a halide of a halogenated acyl ( and which is the same as that of Figures 1 and 2).
- Figure 3 shows the 1 H NMR spectrum (in D 2 0) of a hyaluronic acid (HA) grafted by the modified polyetheramine.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show the variation of the modulus of conservation (elastic modulus) G '( ⁇ ) and the loss (viscous modulus) G "(T) of the grafted HA as a function of the temperature: the concentration of grafted HA is 40 g in the RPMI culture medium (FIG. 4) or 20 g / l (FIG. 5) The reversible sol-gel transition is noted for a temperature below 37 ° C. (approximately 29 ° C. for FIG. 34 ° C for Figure 5).
- FIG. 6 shows the UV absorbance as a function of temperature for a polysaccharide (in this case HA) grafted with a Jeffamine® M2005 type polyetheramine which had been previously modified by the action of 2-Bromo-2-methylpropionylbromide ( Williamson's reaction). The figure represents a measurement made on the reaction mixture.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 compare the variation of conservation modulus (elastic modulus) G '(curve A) and loss (viscous modulus) G "(curve B) as a function of temperature for ungrafted hyaluronic acid (FIG.
- FIG. 9 shows DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) curves for a sample of HA hydrogel grafted with a Jeffamine® M2005 type polyetheramine which had been previously modified by the action of the Bromo-2-methylpropionylbromide (esterification reaction); these hydrogels were formed with a RPMI type cell culture medium.
- Curve A Hydrogel of HA grafted by a modified Jeffamine ®.
- Curve B Modified Jeffamine ® (for comparison).
- Curve C Jeffamine ® M2005 (for comparison).
- section A As the polysaccharides modified according to the invention which give the best results are modified by grafting of polyetheramine derivatives which are not commercially available, a general method is first described here (section A) to obtain modified polyetheramines which are susceptible to be grafted onto polysaccharides, then two methods (sections B and C) of grafting by esterification of the polysaccharide are described, making it possible to obtain polysaccharides with thermosensitive rheological properties. These two methods give substantially the same products. Finally, we describe (section D) the use of these products.
- R represents an alkyl radical, possibly substituted (for example a residue in Ci, C 2, C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , C 6 , C 7 , C 8 , C 9 , C 10 C 11 or C 12), or an aromatic residue (eg a phenyl residue), possibly substituted (but functionalization of the aromatic residue is not preferred); and R 'represents a polyether, preferably of the PPO or (PEO) x -co- (PPO) y type.
- the reaction proceeds in the presence of a base, preferably Et 3 N and / or NaOH, which captures the HX resulting from the reaction.
- the temperature is below 35 ° C, preferably below 25 ° C, and even more preferably below 20 ° C, and optimally between 0 ° C and 10 ° C; a temperature of about 4 ° C is suitable.
- the reaction of the polyetheramine H 2 NR 'with the halide of a halogenated acyl XRC (O) X is carried out without a solvent.
- the mixture is purified by simply washing with acidic water: this washing removes the unreacted amine and the acid HX (or its salt) which results from the reaction.
- R alkyl, aromatic, ...
- R ': PPO or (PEO) x-co- (PPO) y may also use a polyether
- R alkyl, aromatic, ...
- R alkyl, aromatic, ...
- R '" PPO or (PEO) x-co- (PPO) y
- PPO polypropylene oxide and PEO stands for polyethylene oxide
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- (PEO) x -co- (PPO) is a copolymer between PO (propylene oxide) and EO (ethylene oxide).
- Et 3 N means triethylamine.
- polyetheramine H 2 NR 'or R "(NH 2 ) 2 or R'" (NH 2 ) 3 may be used in particular products available under the trademark Jeffamine ®, and in particular products Jeffamine ® M600, Jeffamine ® M2005, Jeffamine ® M2070, Jeffamine ® D2000 .
- the product can be stored in isopropanol (in the form of solution), this solvent being chosen according to the subsequent use of the product.
- the product can be characterized by NMR and Infrared spectroscopy to demonstrate its identity and purity.
- This method according to the invention has many advantages. It gives access to a broad spectrum of modified polyetheramines, with good purity. It can be carried out without organic solvents (such as DMF, THF) which could be liable, even in trace amounts, to hinder the use of the polyetheramines according to the invention for the preparation of modified polysaccharides intended for pharmaceutical use. or intracorporeal.
- organic solvents such as DMF, THF
- This method is intended to graft the modified polyetheramine, obtainable by the method according to the invention, and obtained in particular by the example according to step 1 described above, on a polysaccharide to obtain in particular polysaccharides with rheological properties. heat sensitive.
- An alternative method is presented below (method C).
- the reaction comprises the grafting of a modified polyetheramine of the type (XR-C (O) NH) b R '(for example an XRC (0) NHR' type modified polyetheraminoamine, or a modified polyetherdiamine of the type (XRC (0) NH) 2 R ', or alternatively a modified polyethertriamine of the type (XRC (O) NH) 3 R') on a -OH group of a polysaccharide (PS -OH), which leads to a modified polysaccharide of the type (PS -GOLD-
- reaction is preferably carried out in a mixture of water and isopropanol, employing directly the product of method A described above.
- R alkyl, aromatic, ...
- R ' PPO or (PEO) x-co- (PPO) y
- This method aims to graft the modified polyetheramine, obtainable by the process according to the invention, obtained for example according to step 1 described above, on a polysaccharide to obtain in particular polysaccharides with thermosensitive rheological properties. This is an alternative to Method B presented above.
- the reaction includes the activation of the carboxylic function-COOH PS PS of a polysaccharide with a quaternary amine, and preferably tetrabutylamine (TBA), leading to a -COO function "followed by the grafting of a modified polyetheramine of the type (XRC (O) NH) b R 'on said -COO " group of the polysaccharide, which leads to a modified polysaccharide of the type (-COO-RC (O) NH) b R', in which l
- TSA tetrabutylamine
- the reaction is preferably carried out in a mixture of water and isopropanol, employing directly the product of method A described above.
- a temperature above 25 ° C preferably between 40 ° C and 95 ° C, and even more preferably between 55 ° C and 90 ° C, a temperature of about 70 ° C is preferred.
- the reaction product from method B or C must be purified if it is intended for intracorporeal use.
- This purification is advantageously in the presence of NaCl and in at least two stages which are distinguished by their pH.
- a first purification step is carried out at a pH of between 9 and 13 (preferably between 10 and 12, and even more preferentially about 1 1), preferably at least partly (and possibly all) by a separation method. membrane such as diafiltration. It is at this pH that the unreacted polyetheramine molecules (ie which have not been grafted onto the polysaccharide) are removed, probably by neutralization of the quaternary ammonium functions of the polyetheramine and elimination of the ionic bonds between the ammonium of the polyetheramine.
- the unreacted polyetheramine generally exhibits cellular toxicity which hinders the subsequent use of the hydrogel in cell culture, and which would in any case be unacceptable for the intracorporeal use of the hydrogel.
- a second purification step is performed after neutralization, preferably at a pH of about 7, which is generally the pH at which the hydrogel will be used later, whether in cell culture or for intracorporeal applications.
- This second purification step may also be made, partially or totally, by a membrane separation method such as diafiltration, or by another suitable technique.
- This second step at neutral pH can be done after lyophilization (the powder is then washed with ethanol to remove residues of free polyetheramines and other by-products).
- the membrane separation can be carried out in a known manner, for example with membranes having a MWCO value ("molecular weight cut-off") of about 10 kDa to 30 kDa, for example between 12 kDa to 14 kDa in coil mode.
- Dialysis can be done against water and / or against a mixture of water and ethanol (for example with the volume ratio: water 2/3, ethanol 1/3). There is a decrease in pH during dialysis.
- At least one purification step (and preferably at least all the purification steps before neutralization, and even more preferably also at least one (and preferably all) purification steps after neutralization) is (are) carried out at a temperature below 20 ° C, preferably between 0 ° C and 15 ° C, and even more preferably between 2 ° C and 8 ° C, especially at a temperature of about 4 ° C.
- the Applicant has observed that at room temperature the reaction mixture is cloudy and tends to form aggregates at room temperature which hinder purification; however, obtaining a pure product is necessary for any intracorporeal use of the hydrogel.
- the product according to the invention purified at low temperature as indicated above, is translucent after gelation, unlike many polysaccharide hydrogels of the state of the art.
- the Applicant tends to think (without being bound by this theory) that the unmodified (free) polyetheramine participates in the formation of said aggregates in which it could be trapped, since the aggregates disappear after a sufficient purification of the hydrogel.
- the Applicant has found that apart from the toxicity of the residual polyetheramine (unreacted, free), there is another reason for optimally purifying the polysaccharide modified by grafting a polyetheramine: the presence of free polyetheramine in hydrogels which show a change in viscosity as a function of temperature leads to a lower viscosity gradient and spread over a wider temperature range compared to a purified hydrogel.
- the purified product is frozen (for example at -20 ° C.) and lyophilized, then washed with ethanol (for example twice) and dried (preferably at 40 ° C. under vacuum).
- the final product is in the form of a dry powder. It can be converted into a hydrogel by dispersing it in a desired amount of an aqueous medium.
- Said aqueous medium may be a cell culture medium.
- the culture media known as RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute).
- the aqueous medium may include additives, such as growth factors and / or pharmaceutically active ingredients (such as antibiotics), and serum.
- polysaccharides can be used to be modified by grafting according to method B or according to method C.
- These polysaccharides can belong to the neutral polysaccharide groups (for example pullulan, dextran), anionic polysaccharides natural (for example: alginate, hyaluronic acid, xanthan gum, agar agar, pectin, heparin), synthetic anionic polysaccharides (for example carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylpullunan), natural cationic polysaccharides (especially chitosan), cationic polysaccharides synthetic (for example diethylaminoethylcellulose, diethylamonithyldextran), amphiphilic polysaccharides, zwitterionic polysaccharides natural or obtained by chemical modification (for example carboxymethylchitosan).
- neutral polysaccharide groups for example pullulan, dextran
- anionic polysaccharides natural for example: alginate, hy
- polysaccharides of the pullulan, xanthan, alginate and hyaluronic acid type are the polysaccharides which are particularly preferred for preparing grafted polysaccharides with thermosensitive rheological properties. Cell culture tests at different concentrations show the non-toxicity of these products as well as the proliferation of cells in these systems.
- these polysaccharides are biocompatible and biodegradable.
- hyaluronic acid which has a well-known biocompatibility
- An HA of bacterial origin (Streptococcus equi) which is commercially available with a molar mass in number which typically varies from 10 3 to more than 10 6 g / mol can be used (determined by steric exclusion chromatography, diffusion of the multi-angle light and refractometry).
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain high levels of grafting, which can reach 20% molar.
- the Applicant knows no known method which allows to obtain so high grafting rates.
- the polyetheramines preferred in the context of the present invention are copolymers of polyethers type composed of propylene oxide (PO) and aluminum oxide. ethylene (EO).
- PO propylene oxide
- EO ethylene
- the presence of these propylene oxides renders the macromolecule hydrophobic and thermosensitive, resulting in an aqueous solution precipitation depending on the temperature. The temperature of this transition depends inter alia on the relative amount PO / EO.
- polyetheramines used in the present invention are preferably primary amines.
- polyether monoamines and in particular those having the following structure:
- Z 1 is a hydrogen atom (in the case of ethylene oxide) or a methyl (in the case of propylene oxide) and x and y indicate the length of the chains, knowing that for a given molecule, x and y are integers, but on a given product as it will be used (which may have molecules whose length may not be the same) x and y represent mean values.
- the molar mass of the polyetheramines that can be used can vary from about 300 to about 3000, and a range of between 500 and 2500 is preferred.
- the molar ratio of PO / EO can vary within fairly wide limits, for example between 10/1 and 1/1. 10.
- polyetheramines may be used:
- polyetherdiamines and in particular those which have the following structure:
- Z 1 , x and y have the meaning indicated above, and z represents, as x and y, and as explained above, the length of the chain.
- Z 2 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl.
- the number n can range from 0 to 12, and is preferably 0, 1 or 2.
- the graft-modified polysaccharide hydrogels according to the invention can be used in biology and medicine, extracorporeally or intracorporeally. These hydrogels can be prepared with water or with aqueous liquids, such as: buffered aqueous solutions, physiological saline, usual or specific cell culture media.
- the extracorporeal uses comprise the use as culture medium of cells, in particular animal or human cells, or the use in a culture medium composition of cells, in particular animal and human cells.
- These hydrogels can in particular also be used in microfluidic systems. They also include the use as a medium (or in a composition of a medium) of storage and / or transport of cells, biopsies or explants, especially animal cells. or human.
- the hydrogels according to the invention have a three-dimensional network which accommodates the cells to be cultivated under conditions conducive to their growth and multiplication.
- Intracorporeal uses include use as skin dressing, embolizing agent, viscosupplementation agent, filler, post-surgical adhesion limiting agent, tissue regenerative agent, or in the composition of such agents. These applications make it possible in particular to take advantage of the thermosensitive properties of the hydrogel according to the invention.
- thermosensitive rheological properties For use as a three-dimensional cell culture medium, the hydrogel is solubilized in the cell culture medium, and the cells are deposited in the heat-sensitive gel at room temperature. During the increase in temperature (passage to 37 ° C, temperature of the incubator) of the system, the cells will be sequestered inside the hydrogel.
- One of the important characteristics of the thermosensitive is its optical transparency when the system is in gel form, allowing a microscopic analysis. The cells can then develop in suspension inside the system and proliferate in this system. During a new transition at room temperature the cells can be recovered and analyzed.
- thermosensitive rheological hydrogel can also be used to transport cells (strains, primers and lines) or specimens (such as biopsies) at a temperature of about 37 ° C. Indeed, these precious samples undergo shocks during the transport due to shaking and often arrive altered.
- the hydrogel with thermosensitive rheological properties then makes it possible to limit the impact of these shakes due to the handling of the items by sequestering the cells or samples (such as biopsies) inside the hydrogel. Once the sample has been received by the recipient, a transition at room temperature will suffice to liquefy the medium and thus easily recover the cells or samples it contains.
- the hydrogel with thermosensitive rheological properties can also be used in regenerative medicine, for example during the regeneration of a cartilage.
- modified polyetheramines according to the invention makes it possible to obtain grafted polysaccharides with new physicochemical characteristics, and in particular with a viscosity which depends on the temperature. Indeed, the use of polyetheramines according to the invention makes it possible to obtain higher grafting rates.
- the purification of the hydrogels at low temperature makes it possible to obtain more pure, non-toxic hydrogels without free polyetheramine.
- the absence of free polyetheramine also enhances the variation of viscosity as a function of temperature and narrows the temperature range in which the viscosity transition occurs.
- the hydrogels according to the invention may have thermosensitive rheological properties, passing from a liquid state to a state with a higher viscosity in which they constitute a three-dimensional nanostructure; in this state they can accommodate cells. They are optically transparent and thus allow the optical observation of said cells.
- Example 4 Grafting of Jeffamine® M2005 modified with 2-Bromo-2-methylpropionyl bromide on hyaluronic acid (HA) by the Williamson reaction.
- HA hyaluronic acid
- a reactor 1 g (2.5 mmol) of HA was solubilized in 100 ml of water with mechanical stirring. The solution was heated to 70 ° C. Then 0.8 g of NaOH (0.2 mol) was dissolved in 5 ml of water, and this sodium hydroxide solution was added to the medium with 0.5 g of sodium iodide. After 15 minutes 11 ml of the modified Jeffamine® M2005 solution in isopropanol was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 70 ° C for 4 h, then 2 g of NaCl was added and the pH adjusted to 1 L by addition of HCl (1 M). The mixture was kept at 4 ° C for 12 h.
- Example 5 Grafting of Jeffamine® M2005 modified with 2-Bromo-2-methylpropionyl bromide on hyaluronic acid (HA) by the esterification reaction.
- 1 g (2.5 mmol) of HA is solubilized in a reactor in 100 ml of water with mechanical stirring.
- the pH of the solution is adjusted to 2 by addition of HCl (1M).
- TAAOH tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
- the neutralized HA solution was heated to 70 ° C.
- 1 ml of the modified Jeffamine® M2005 solution in isopropanol was added.
- the reaction mixture was heated at 70 ° C for 12 h.
- 2 g of NaCl was added, and the mixture was kept at 4 ° C for 12 h.
- Example 6 Rheological properties of hydrogels of polysaccharides as a function of the temperature
- the elastic modulus G 'and the viscous modulus G "of different polysaccharide hydrogels as a function of temperature were measured at a concentration of 40 g / l in the RPMI culture medium. The results are shown in FIGS. .
- a modified Jeffamine® type polyetheramine grafted HA hydrogel was prepared with a culture medium known as Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium. A clear, translucent liquid is obtained at 20 ° C., which is a gel at 37 ° C., but remains clear and translucent. The solidification of the liquid is reversible. EXAMPLE 8 Reversible sol-gel transition of a hydrogel for cell culture
- a HA hydrogel grafted with a Jeffamine ® 2005 polyetheramine modified according to the invention was prepared by a halide acid (BIBB-Jeffamine® M-2005 with a grafting rate of 10%) in a medium of the DMEM type (in English: "DulbeccoA / ogt modified Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium") buffered with 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazine ethane sulfonic acid (HEPES); this cell culture medium is known as HDMEM or hDMEM.
- DMEM type in English: "DulbeccoA / ogt modified Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium”
- HEPES 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazine ethane sulfonic acid
- DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
- the peaks are not at the same temperature.
- the comparison of the peak temperatures shows that the modification of the polyetheramine by a halide acid decreases its transition temperature (formation of hydrophobic associations) from about 29 ° C to about 18 ° C. It also shows that after grafting this modified polyetheramine on a HA type polysaccharide the system transition temperature is closer to that of the modified polyetheramine than that of the unmodified polyetheramine.
- the behavior is reversible with an exothermic phenomenon during the cooling phase of 40 ° C to 10 ° C (not shown in the graph).
- Polysaccharide alginate with a grafting rate of 1%
- ⁇ Polysaccharide hyaluronic acid (HA) with a grafting rate of between 2% and 10% (molar)
- Polysaccharide diethylaminoethylpullulane (DEAE-pullulan) with a grafting rate of 10%
- ⁇ Polysaccharide hyaluronic acid (HA) with a grafting rate of 18% (molar).
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EP15756679.5A EP4441101A1 (fr) | 2014-07-11 | 2015-07-08 | Procédé de modification de polysaccharides par greffage de polyétheramines, polysaccharides ainsi modifiés et préparations les comportant et présentant des propriétés rhéologiques thermosensibles |
CA2954455A CA2954455A1 (fr) | 2014-07-11 | 2015-07-08 | Procede de modification de polysaccharides par greffage de polyetheramines, polysaccharides ainsi modifies et preparations les comportant et presentant des proprietes rheologiquesthermosensibles |
AU2015287484A AU2015287484A1 (en) | 2014-07-11 | 2015-07-08 | Method for modifying polysaccharides by grafting polyetheramines, polysaccharides thus modified and preparations comprising same and having heat-sensitive rheological properties |
US15/324,934 US20170204364A1 (en) | 2014-07-11 | 2015-07-08 | Method for modifying polysaccharides by grafting polyetheramines, polysaccharides thus modified and preparations comprising same and having heat-sensitive rheological properties |
JP2017521618A JP2017520674A (ja) | 2014-07-11 | 2015-07-08 | ポリエーテルアミンをグラフトすることにより多糖類を修飾する方法、その方法により修飾された多糖類、およびその多糖類を備え、温度感受性のレオロジー特性を有する製剤 |
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CN105963756A (zh) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-09-28 | 林春梅 | 一种医药敷料及其制备方法 |
PL423152A1 (pl) * | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-23 | Politechnika Lodzka | Sposób wytwarzania małocząsteczkowych inicjatorów do tworzenia gwiazd polimerowych |
JP2019520468A (ja) * | 2016-06-13 | 2019-07-18 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニーE.I.Du Pont De Nemours And Company | 洗剤組成物 |
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CN109464702B (zh) * | 2019-01-14 | 2021-02-26 | 浙江瑞谷生物科技有限公司 | 含bmp-2的牙槽骨修复材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN111481734B (zh) * | 2020-04-28 | 2022-04-15 | 北京诺康达医药科技股份有限公司 | 一种改性海藻酸钠自显影栓塞微球及其制备方法与应用 |
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EP1659143A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-28 | 2006-05-24 | Teijin Limited | Hydrogel sensible a la temperature |
US20100160960A1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hydrogel tissue adhesive having increased degradation time |
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EP1659143A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-28 | 2006-05-24 | Teijin Limited | Hydrogel sensible a la temperature |
US20100160960A1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hydrogel tissue adhesive having increased degradation time |
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Cited By (3)
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JP2019520468A (ja) * | 2016-06-13 | 2019-07-18 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニーE.I.Du Pont De Nemours And Company | 洗剤組成物 |
CN105963756A (zh) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-09-28 | 林春梅 | 一种医药敷料及其制备方法 |
PL423152A1 (pl) * | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-23 | Politechnika Lodzka | Sposób wytwarzania małocząsteczkowych inicjatorów do tworzenia gwiazd polimerowych |
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JP2017520674A (ja) | 2017-07-27 |
CA2954455A1 (fr) | 2016-01-14 |
FR3023485A1 (fr) | 2016-01-15 |
EP4441101A1 (fr) | 2024-10-09 |
US20170204364A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
AU2015287484A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
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