WO2016000364A1 - Oled单元及其制作方法、oled显示面板、oled显示设备 - Google Patents

Oled单元及其制作方法、oled显示面板、oled显示设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016000364A1
WO2016000364A1 PCT/CN2014/089674 CN2014089674W WO2016000364A1 WO 2016000364 A1 WO2016000364 A1 WO 2016000364A1 CN 2014089674 W CN2014089674 W CN 2014089674W WO 2016000364 A1 WO2016000364 A1 WO 2016000364A1
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Prior art keywords
light emitting
unit
light
sub
emitting unit
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PCT/CN2014/089674
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王继亮
李重君
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京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Priority to US14/769,544 priority Critical patent/US20160254323A1/en
Priority to EP14882149.9A priority patent/EP3154087A4/en
Publication of WO2016000364A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016000364A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/32—Stacked devices having two or more layers, each emitting at different wavelengths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • H10K59/1201—Manufacture or treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/38—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising colour filters or colour changing media [CCM]

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to an OLED unit and a manufacturing method thereof, an OLED display panel, and an OLED display device.
  • the organic layer of an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) device is generally fabricated by vacuum evaporation.
  • the sub-pixels of R, G, and B colors are generally arranged in parallel, as shown in FIG.
  • a high-precision metal mask is used to evaporate a sub-pixel of one color, and then the high-precision metal mask is moved to a certain position or a high-precision metal mask is used to evaporate another color.
  • the sub-pixels are sequentially made into sub-pixels of the third color, thereby completing the fabrication of one pixel unit.
  • the resolution increases, more pixel units need to be fabricated on the same size display screen, which makes it more and more difficult to align the high precision metal mask.
  • the white light-emitting layer is not composed of a layer of white material, but is composed of two or more light-emitting unit stacks capable of covering white bands, as shown in FIG.
  • the red-green luminescent material is generally used as a light-emitting unit (R/G light-emitting unit), which is made of a highly efficient phosphorescent material, and the blue material is used as a light-emitting unit (B-lighting) Unit), made of a less efficient fluorescent material.
  • the two light-emitting units are connected in series between the male and female electrodes through the charge generating layer, and the light emitted by the two light-emitting units together constitutes white light, and the three color films (R, G, B) are used to generate three primary colors of RGB.
  • the white light passes through the three color film, a part of the light is filtered out, and the part of the light also occupies the power consumption of the device, resulting in an overall increase in power consumption of the device.
  • the present invention provides an OLED unit, a manufacturing method thereof, a display panel, and a display device.
  • an OLED unit includes a plurality of pixel regions, each of the pixel regions including: a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer; at least two light emitting units stacked on the first electrode layer and Between the second electrode layers; and a color film layer formed on a surface of the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer opposite to the light emitting unit.
  • the at least two light emitting units comprise: a first monochromatic light emitting unit, the first sub-pixel region located in the entire pixel region and emitting light in the pixel region; and other light emitting units located in the first monochrome
  • the light emitting unit corresponds to other sub-pixel regions other than the first sub-pixel region.
  • the color film layer is formed in the other sub-pixel regions.
  • the color film layer is formed in a partial region of the other sub-pixel regions.
  • the at least two light emitting unit stacks emit white light.
  • the other of the at least two light emitting units is a multicolor light emitting unit.
  • the other one of the at least two light emitting units is a monochrome light emitting unit.
  • the first monochromatic light emitting unit is one of red, green, and blue light emitting units, and the other light emitting units are monochromatic light emitting units corresponding to the other two colors. Or a multi-color lighting unit.
  • the first monochromatic light emitting unit is a blue light emitting unit
  • the other one of the at least two light emitting units is a monochrome light emitting unit corresponding to red and green. Or a multi-color lighting unit.
  • the OLED unit further includes: a charge generating layer for serially connecting the at least two light emitting units.
  • an OLED display panel comprising the OLED unit as described in various embodiments above.
  • an OLED display device including the OLED display panel described in the above embodiments is provided.
  • a method of fabricating an OLED unit comprising a plurality of pixel regions, the method comprising the steps of:
  • a color film layer is formed on the surface of the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer.
  • the first monochromatic light emitting unit is formed on the first electrode layer using an opening mask.
  • the other light-emitting units are stacked on the first monochromatic light-emitting unit using a high-precision metal mask.
  • a method of fabricating an OLED unit according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes forming a charge generating layer on the first monochromatic light emitting unit, and forming the other light emitting unit on the charge generating layer.
  • the color film layer is formed in the other sub-pixel regions.
  • the use rate of the high-precision metal mask is reduced, and the process difficulty is reduced; in addition, for the preparation of other illuminating units, due to high precision
  • the opening area of the metal mask is a plurality of sub-pixel areas, and the opening area thereof is increased, so that the production of the high-resolution display panel can be easily realized.
  • the OLED unit prepared in the present invention can be realized by only one light-emitting unit in one sub-pixel, and the color film unit is not required to filter, the defect of high power consumption is overcome.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an OLED unit in a first prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an OLED unit in a second prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an OLED unit in a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an RGBW type OLED unit in a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for preparing an OLED unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing a method of fabricating an RGBW type OLED unit in a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Each pixel region or pixel unit on an OLED display device is typically composed of a plurality of sub-pixels, each of which can emit light of a different color to provide a plurality of different colors of light in the same pixel region.
  • each pixel region corresponds to three sub-pixels, which are red, green and blue sub-pixels, respectively.
  • the OLED unit proposed by the present invention corresponds to one pixel region, that is, one pixel unit, which is stacked in a vertical direction by a plurality of light emitting units formed between a cathode layer and an anode layer.
  • the plurality of light emitting units are stacked together to emit white light, and the white light is filtered through a color filter layer on the outer surface of the cathode layer or the anode layer to form sub-pixels emitting light of different colors.
  • a first sub-pixel region in the present invention is formed by only one monochromatic light-emitting unit, that is, in the first sub-pixel region, there is only one monochromatic light-emitting unit, and other light-emitting units stacked in the monochromatic light-emitting unit are formed only In other sub-pixel regions, and the sub-pixel region does not require a color film layer to filter it, power consumption can be reduced.
  • the OLED unit of the present invention comprises: an OLED unit, comprising a plurality of pixel regions, each pixel region comprising: at least two light emitting units, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer and a color film layer; the at least two light emitting units The stack is formed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and the color film layer is formed on a surface of the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer opposite to the light emitting unit.
  • the at least two light emitting units include a first monochromatic light emitting unit and other light emitting units.
  • the first monochromatic light emitting unit is located in the entire pixel area and emits light in a first sub-pixel area in the pixel area; the other one of the at least two light emitting units is located on the first monochromatic light emitting unit And corresponding to other sub-pixel regions except the first sub-pixel region.
  • the color film layer is formed in the other sub-pixel regions; the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are respectively a cathode layer and an anode layer, and the corresponding relationship is selectively set according to an actual structure.
  • the first sub-pixel region corresponding to the first monochromatic light-emitting unit includes only the cathode layer, the first monochromatic light-emitting unit and the anode layer, and the first monochrome is required to be emitted.
  • the light-emitting unit corresponds to the color of the light
  • only the first single-color light-emitting unit needs to be operated, and the color film layer is not required to filter, which greatly reduces the power consumption.
  • the structure of the OLED unit proposed by the present invention will be described in detail below by taking an OLED display device that provides three colors of RGB light as an example.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the OLED unit proposed in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, it includes a first electrode layer 301, a first light emitting unit 302, a second light emitting unit 303, and a color film layer 305.
  • the first electrode layer 301 is located in the entire pixel area, and the entire pixel area corresponds to three sub-pixel areas (shown by a dashed box in the figure), which are a first sub-pixel area 3011, a second sub-pixel area 3012, and a third sub-pixel, respectively. Area 3013.
  • the first sub-pixel region 3011 correspondingly generates a first color light
  • the second sub-pixel region 3012 correspondingly generates a second color light
  • the third sub-pixel region 3013 correspondingly generates a third color light
  • the first color light, the second color light, and the third color light are respectively one of red, green, and blue light.
  • the first light emitting unit 302 is formed on the upper surface of the first electrode layer 301 and located in the entire pixel area; the first light emitting unit 302 is configured to emit the first color light corresponding to the first sub-pixel region 3011, the first type Color light can be emitted from the first sub-pixel region 3011 out of the OLED unit.
  • the second light emitting unit 303 is stacked on the upper surface of the first light emitting unit 302 and located in the second sub-pixel area 3012 and the third sub-pixel area 3013; the second light emitting unit 303 is configured to emit the second color and the third Mixed light of a variety of colors.
  • the second light emitting unit 303 is formed on the first monochrome light emitting unit 302 and corresponds to the second sub-pixel region 3012 and the third sub-pixel region 3013 other than the first sub-pixel region 3011.
  • the first light emitting unit 302 is a light emitting unit that emits blue light
  • the second light emitting unit 303 is a light emitting unit that emits mixed light of red and green colors.
  • the second electrode layer 304 is formed on an upper surface of the second light emitting unit 303 and an upper surface of the first light emitting unit not covered by the second light emitting unit 303.
  • a color film layer 305 is formed on a lower surface of the first electrode layer 301, and includes first color film units 3051 and a plurality in the second sub-pixel region 3012 and the third sub-pixel region 3013, respectively.
  • a dual color film unit 3052 the first color film unit 3051 is configured to filter light other than the second color light to allow only the second color light to pass, and the second color film unit 3052 is used for filtering Light other than the third color light is removed to allow only the light of the third color to pass.
  • the above OLED structure shown in FIG. 3 is a bottom emission structure, in which light of a first color, light of a second color, and light of a third color are respectively generated from three sub-pixel regions, wherein light of the first color Directly emitted by the first light emitting unit 302, when the pixel corresponding to the OLED unit needs to emit the first color light, only the first light emitting unit 302 needs to be operated, and the color film unit is not required to filter the light, which is reduced. Power consumption.
  • the color film layer 305 is located on the upper surface of the second electrode layer 304, and light of three colors is emitted from the upper surface of the second electrode layer 304.
  • the first electrode layer 301 and the second electrode layer 304 are an anode layer and a cathode layer, and the corresponding relationship may be selected according to actual conditions.
  • the first electrode layer 301 may be a transparent anode made of a metal or an alloy of several metals such as Al, Mg, Ca, Li, Yb, Mg, Ag, Yb, Ag, Mg/Ag, Yb/ Made of Ag, Li/Ag, Al/Ag, Ca/Ag, etc.
  • This electrode needs to have good electrical conductivity, good transmittance, good chemical and morphological stability, and the like.
  • the second electrode layer 302 may be a cathode having good reflectivity and being opaque; it may be made of metal or an alloy of several metals such as Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, Ag: Au, Ag: Pd, Ag. : Pt, Al: Au, Al: Pd, Al: Pt, Ag: Au, Au/Ag, Pd/Ag, Pt/Ag, etc., are produced.
  • This electrode needs to have good electrical conductivity, good reflectivity, good chemical and morphological stability.
  • the first electrode layer 301 may be an anode having high reflectivity and opacity, and may be made of metal or an alloy of several metals, such as Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, Ag: Au, Ag: Pd, Ag: Pt, Al: Au, Al: Pd, Al: Pt, Ag: Au, Au/Ag, Pd/Ag, Pt/Ag, etc., are produced.
  • This electrode needs to have good electrical conductivity, high reflectivity, good chemical and morphological stability.
  • the second electrode layer 302 may be a transparent cathode made of a metal or an alloy of several metals such as Al, Mg, Ca, Li, Yb, Mg: Ag, Yb: Ag, Mg/Ag, Yb/Ag, Li/ Made of Ag, Al/Ag, Ca/Ag, etc.
  • This electrode needs to have good electrical conductivity, good transmittance, good chemical and morphological stability, and the like.
  • the structure of the OLED unit proposed by the present invention will be described in detail below by taking an OLED display device that provides RGBW four color lights as an example.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an RGBW type OLED unit proposed in a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, it includes a first electrode layer 401, a first light emitting unit 402, a second electrode layer 404, and a color film layer 405.
  • the first electrode layer 401 is located in the entire pixel area, and the entire pixel area corresponds to four sub-pixel areas (shown by a dashed box in the figure), which are a first sub-pixel area 4011, a second sub-pixel area 4012, and a third sub-pixel, respectively.
  • the first sub-pixel region 4011 correspondingly generates a first color light
  • the second sub-pixel region 4012 correspondingly generates a second color light
  • the third sub-pixel region 4013 correspondingly generates a third color light
  • the fourth sub-pixel region 4014 corresponds to generate a fourth color light.
  • the first color light, the second color light, and the third color light are respectively one of red, green, and blue light
  • the fourth color light is white light;
  • the first light emitting unit 402 is formed on the upper surface of the first electrode layer 401 and located in the entire pixel area; the first light emitting unit 402 is configured to emit the first color light corresponding to the first sub-pixel region 4011, the first type Color light can be emitted from the first sub-pixel region 4011 out of the OLED unit.
  • the second light emitting unit 403 is stacked on the upper surface of the first light emitting unit 402, and is located in the second sub-pixel area 4012, the third sub-pixel area 4013, and the fourth sub-pixel area 4014; The mixed light of the second color and the third color is emitted, and the second light emitting unit 403 and the first light emitting unit 402 are stacked to generate white light.
  • the second light emitting unit 403 is formed on the first monochrome light emitting unit 402 and corresponds to the second sub-pixel region 4012, the third sub-pixel region 4013, and the fourth sub-pixel region 4014 except for the first sub-pixel region 4011.
  • the first lighting unit 402 is a lighting unit that emits blue light
  • the second lighting unit 403 is a lighting unit that emits mixed light of red and green.
  • the second electrode layer 404 is formed on an upper surface of the second light emitting unit 403 and an upper surface of the first light emitting unit not covered by the second light emitting unit 403;
  • a color film layer 405 is formed on the lower surface of the first electrode layer 401, and includes a first color film unit 4051 and a second color film unit 4052 located in the second sub-pixel region 4012 and the third sub-pixel region 4013, respectively;
  • the first color film unit 4051 is for filtering out light other than the second color light to allow only the light of the second color to pass
  • the second color film unit is for filtering out the third color light. The light outside is allowed to pass only the light of the third color.
  • the RGBW type OLED unit shown in FIG. 4 is a bottom emission structure, in which light of a first color, light of a second color, light of a third color, and light of a fourth color are respectively generated from four sub-pixel regions.
  • the light of the first color is directly emitted by the first light emitting unit 402, and the white light is emitted by the first light emitting unit and the second light emitting unit, and the two kinds of light do not need to be filtered by the color film unit, thereby reducing work. Loss of power.
  • the color film layer 405 is located on the upper surface of the second electrode layer 404, and light of four colors is emitted from the upper surface of the second electrode layer 404.
  • the first electrode layer 401 and the second electrode layer 404 are an anode layer and a cathode layer, and the corresponding relationship may be selected according to actual conditions.
  • the second lighting unit 303/403 may be a multi-color light unit, that is, a light-emitting unit capable of emitting two colors of light at the same time, or may be Two monochromatic light-emitting units are stacked, that is, two light-emitting units that respectively emit light of different colors are stacked.
  • the second light emitting unit may also be a multi-color light emitting unit capable of emitting more than two colors of light or more than two monochromatic light emitting unit stacks. to make.
  • the first light emitting unit and the second light emitting unit can emit white light after being stacked.
  • the multi-color light-emitting unit comprises a hole transport layer, a multi-color light-emitting layer and an electron transport layer, and the multi-color light-emitting layer is formed of a light-emitting material capable of emitting light of a plurality of colors, such as a phosphorescent material, for Emitting a red-green light;
  • the monochromatic light-emitting unit includes a hole transport layer, a monochromatic light-emitting layer, and an electron transport layer, the monochromatic light-emitting layer being formed of a light-emitting material capable of emitting a color light, such as a fluorescent material, for Blue light.
  • the luminescent property of the fluorescent material emitting blue light is slightly inferior to that of the phosphorescent material for emitting red-green light, if it is made of a blue light material and a red light material or a green light material for emitting red-blue light or blue
  • the green light emitting unit when using the color filter, the blue light that may be obtained is very weak, resulting in low luminous efficiency of the blue pixel, which may affect the display effect of the entire display panel.
  • a charge generating layer may be further provided for connecting the first light emitting unit 302/402 and the second light emitting unit 303/403 up and down.
  • the charge generating layer provides an electron injecting function in the electron transporting layer of the light emitting unit and a hole injecting function in the hole transporting layer.
  • the charge generating layer is generally composed of a high conductivity metal film, an ITO conductive film, The organic electric doped film or the like needs to satisfy the conditions of conductive light transmission. For example, WO3 having a high transparency is used, which is easy to evaporate and can efficiently generate and inject holes.
  • the upper and lower positional relationship of the first and second light emitting units is not limited to the foregoing manners in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and the first light emitting unit is stacked in the second The upper surface of the light unit.
  • the present invention also proposes an OLED display device comprising the OLED unit as described above.
  • the invention also proposes a method for preparing an OLED unit, the OLED unit comprises a plurality of pixel regions, and the method comprises the following steps:
  • a color film layer is formed on a surface of the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer, wherein the color film layer is formed in the other sub-pixel regions.
  • the OLED unit includes a plurality of pixel regions, each of the pixel regions including a first sub-pixel region 3011, a second sub-pixel region 3012, and a third sub-pixel. Pixel area 3013.
  • the method includes:
  • Step 501 Form a color film layer 305 on the substrate, including a first color film unit 3051 and a second color film unit 3052, respectively located in the second sub-pixel region 3012 and the third sub-pixel region 3013; the first sub-pixel The area 3011 corresponds to generate a first color light, the second sub-pixel area 3012 corresponds to generate a second color light, and the third sub-pixel area 3013 corresponds to generate a third color light, the first color light, The second color light and the third color light are respectively one of red, green, and blue light; the first color film unit 3051 is configured to filter out light other than the second color light to allow only The second color light unit passes through, and the second color film unit 3052 is configured to filter light other than the third color light to allow only the light of the third color to pass;
  • Step 502 forming a first electrode layer 301 on the substrate on which the color film layer 305 is formed, the first electrode layer 301 is located in the entire pixel region; the first electrode layer 301 may be a cathode layer or an anode layer;
  • Step 503 forming a first light emitting unit 302 on the first electrode layer 301, which is located in the entire pixel area, and the first light emitting unit 302 is configured to emit a first color light corresponding to the first sub-pixel area 3011. ;
  • Step 504 forming a second light emitting unit 303 on the upper surface of the first light emitting unit 302, which is located in the second sub-pixel area 3012 and the third sub-pixel area 3013; the second light emitting unit 303 is used to issue the second type a mixture of color and a third color;
  • Step 505 forming a second electrode layer 304 on the upper surface of the second light emitting unit 303 and the upper surface of the first light emitting unit 302 not covered by the second light emitting unit 303, the second electrode layer 304 being different from the first An anode layer or a cathode layer of an electrode layer 301.
  • the color film layer 305 can be formed by sequentially forming the first color film unit 3051 and the second color film unit 3052 on the glass substrate by exposure and development; in this step, only two sub-pixels need to be fabricated.
  • the two color film units of the area do not need to make three color film units for all three sub-pixel areas.
  • the first light emitting unit 302 can be fabricated by using a mask having an opening, without using a high-precision metal mask in a conventional process, because the high-precision metal mask has high process requirements. Moreover, the cost is high, and the use process of the high-precision metal mask is omitted in the step of the invention, which reduces the manufacturing difficulty and the manufacturing cost to a certain extent.
  • the second light emitting unit 303 can be fabricated in the second sub-pixel region and the third sub-pixel region by a high-precision metal mask.
  • the first electrode layer 301 and the second electrode layer 304 can still be fabricated using a mask having an opening.
  • the first electrode layer 301 can use a high transparency, high conductivity metal or metal alloy material
  • the second electrode layer 304 can use a high reflectivity, high conductivity metal or metal alloy material
  • the top emission structure The first electrode layer 301 may use a high reflectivity, high conductivity metal or metal alloy material
  • the second electrode layer 304 may use a high transparency, high conductivity metal or metal alloy material.
  • At least one of the light-emitting units is fabricated by using an open mask, and when the second light-emitting unit is fabricated by using a high-precision metal mask, the opening portion is an area of two sub-pixel regions, which is easier to achieve. Resolution.
  • Fig. 6 is a flow chart showing a method of fabricating an RGB type OLED unit in a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the OLED unit includes a plurality of pixel regions, each of the pixel regions including a first sub-pixel region 4011, a second sub-pixel region 4012, a third sub-pixel region 4013, and a fourth sub-pixel region, the method including The following steps:
  • Step 601 Form a color film layer 405 on the substrate, including a first color film unit 4051 and a second color film unit 4052, respectively located in the second sub-pixel region 4012 and the third sub-pixel of the entire pixel region corresponding to the OLED unit.
  • the first sub-pixel area 4011 correspondingly generates a first color light
  • the second sub-pixel area 4012 correspondingly generates a second color light
  • the third sub-pixel area 4013 correspondingly generates a third color Light
  • the fourth sub-pixel region correspondingly generates white light
  • the first color light, the second color light, and the third color light are respectively one of red, green, and blue light
  • the first The color film unit 4051 is for filtering out light other than the second color light to allow only the second color light to pass
  • the second color film unit 4052 is for filtering out the third color light. Light, allowing only light of the third color to pass
  • Step 602 forming a first electrode layer 401 on the substrate on which the color film layer 405 is formed, the first electrode layer 401 is located in the entire pixel region; the first electrode layer 401 may be a cathode layer or an anode layer;
  • Step 603 forming a first light emitting unit 402 on the first electrode layer 401, which is located in the entire pixel area; the first light emitting unit 402 is configured to emit a first color light corresponding to the first sub-pixel region 4011. ;
  • Step 604 forming a second light emitting unit 403 on the upper surface of the first light emitting unit 402, which is located in the second sub-pixel region 4012, the third sub-pixel region 4013, and the fourth sub-pixel region 4014; the second light emitting unit 303 is configured to emit mixed light of the second color and the third color; the first light emitting unit 402 and the second light emitting unit 403 are stacked to emit white light;
  • Step 605 forming a second electrode layer 404 on an upper surface of the second light emitting unit 403 and an upper surface of the first light emitting unit 402 not covered by the second light emitting unit 403, the second electrode layer 404 being different from the first An anode layer or a cathode layer of an electrode layer 401.
  • the color film layer 405 can be formed by sequentially forming the first color film unit 4051 and the second color film unit 4052 on the glass substrate by exposure and development; in this step, only two sub-pixels need to be fabricated.
  • the two color film units of the area do not need to make three color film units for the three sub-pixel areas, and it is not necessary to make a color film unit in the white photo sub-pixel area.
  • the preparation of the RGBW type OLED is substantially the same as the preparation process of the OLED unit in the first embodiment, except that the first light emitting unit and the second light emitting unit need to be made of a material capable of emitting white light, and corresponding to the first light emitting unit.
  • the sub-pixel area of the white light does not require a color film layer to be formed.
  • the above two preparation methods further include: preparing a charge generating layer on the first light emitting unit, and forming a second light emitting unit on the charge generating layer.
  • the charge generating layer may be made of a high conductivity metal film, an ITO conductive film, an organic electrically doped film, or the like, and needs to satisfy the conditions of conductive light transmission.
  • the second light emitting unit may be first prepared such that the second light emitting unit is located in a portion of the sub-pixel region, and then in the second light emitting unit.
  • the first light emitting unit is stacked above, such that the first light emitting unit is located throughout the pixel area.
  • the use rate of the high-precision metal mask is reduced, and the process difficulty is reduced; in addition, for the preparation of other light-emitting units, due to the high
  • the opening area of the precision metal mask is a plurality of sub-pixel areas, and the opening area thereof is larger than the opening area in the conventional process shown in FIG. 1, so that the fabrication of the high-resolution display panel is easily realized.
  • the OLED unit prepared in the present invention can be realized by only one light-emitting unit in one sub-pixel, and the color film unit is not required to filter, the defect of high power consumption is overcome.

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Abstract

一种OLED单元及其制造方法、OLED显示面板、OLED显示设备。OLED单元包括多个像素区域，每个像素区域包括：第一电极层（301）和第二电极层（304）；至少两个发光单元，堆叠形成于第一电极层（301）和第二电极层（304）之间；以及彩膜层（305），形成在第一电极层（301）或第二电极层（304）的与发光单元相对的表面上。其中，至少两个发光单元包括：第一单色发光单元（302），位于整个像素区域并在像素区域中的第一子像素区域（3011）发出光；以及其它发光单元（303），位于第一单色发光单元（302）上并与除第一子像素区域（3011）外的其它子像素区域（3012、3013）相对应。OLED器件降低了制备难度，并降低了OLED显示设备的功耗。

Description

OLED单元及其制作方法、OLED显示面板、OLED显示设备 技术领域
本发明属于显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种OLED单元及其制作方法、OLED显示面板、OLED显示设备。
背景技术
目前有机发光电致(Organic Light Emitting Diode，OLED)器件的有机层一般采用真空蒸镀的方法制作。对于小尺寸器件，一般采用R、G、B三种颜色的子像素并行排列的模式，如图1所示。在制作这种OLED器件时，先利用高精度金属掩模板蒸镀一种颜色的子像素，再将高精度金属掩模板移动一定的位置或换一张高精度金属掩模板蒸镀另一种颜色的子像素，依次制作第三种颜色的子像素，由此完成一个像素单元的制作。但是随着分辨率的提高，在同样尺寸的显示屏上，需要制作更多的像素单元，这导致高精度金属掩模板的对位变得越来越困难。
对于大尺寸显示器件，高精度金属掩模板会因重力产生形变，容易出现错位，因此一般使用开口掩模板蒸镀白色有机层，再结合RGB彩膜实现全彩化。为实现较高的发光效率，白色发光层不是由一层白色材料构成，而是由两个或多个能够覆盖白色波段的发光单元堆叠构成，如图2所示。因发光材料波段范围及发光效率的不同，一般将红绿色发光材料作为一个发光单元(R/G发光单元)，由效率较高的磷光材料制成，将蓝色材料作为一个发光单元(B发光单元)，由效率较低的荧光材料制成。两个发光单元通过电荷产生层串接在阴阳电极之间，电流通过时两个发光单元发出的光共同组成白光，再经过三色彩膜(R、G、B)生成RGB三原色。但是在这种结构中，白光经过三色彩膜时，一部分光会被滤去，该部分光也会占用器件的功耗，造成器件功耗整体变大。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提出了一种OLED单元及制作方法、显示面板、显示设备。
根据本发明一方面，其提供了一种OLED单元，包括多个像素区域，每个像素区域包括：第一电极层和第二电极层；至少两个发光单元，堆叠形成于第一电极层和第二电极层之间；以及彩膜层，形成在所述第一电极层或第二电极层的与所述发光单元相对的表面上。其中，所述至少两个发光单元包括：第一单色发光单元，位于整个像素区域并在所述像素区域中的第一子像素区域发出光；以及其它发光单元，位于所述第一单色发光单元上并与除所述第一子像素区域之外的其它子像素区域相对应。
在根据本发明的一种实施例的OLED单元中，所述彩膜层形成在所述其它子像素区域。
在根据本发明的一种实施例的OLED单元中，所述彩膜层形成在所述其它子像素区域的部分区域。
在根据本发明的一种实施例的OLED单元中，所述至少两个发光单元堆叠发出白光。
在根据本发明的一种实施例的OLED单元中，所述至少两个发光单元中的其它发光单元为多色发光单元。
在根据本发明的一种实施例的OLED单元中，所述至少两个发光单元中的其它发光单元为单色发光单元。
在根据本发明的一种实施例的OLED单元中，所述第一单色发光单元为红色、绿色和蓝色发光单元中的一个，所述其它发光单元为对应其它两色的单色发光单元或多色发光单元。
在根据本发明的一种实施例的OLED单元中，所述第一单色发光单元为蓝色发光单元，所述至少两个发光单元中的其它发光单元为对应红色和绿色的单色发光单元或多色发光单元。
在根据本发明的一种实施例的OLED单元中，OLED单元还包括：电荷产生层，用于串接所述至少两个发光单元。
根据本发明进一步方面的实施例，提供一种OLED显示面板，其包括如上述各种实施例所述的OLED单元。
根据本发明更进一步方面的实施例，提供一种OLED显示设备，其包括上述实施例所述的OLED显示面板。
根据本发明再进一步方面的实施例，提供一种OLED单元的制备方法，所述OLED单元包括多个像素区域，所述方法包括如下步骤：
在第一电极层上形成所述第一单色发光单元，使其位于整个像素区域，以在所述像素区域中的第一子像素区域发出光
在所述第一单色发光单元上堆叠形成其它发光单元，使得所述其它发光单元与除所述第一子像素区域之外的其它子像素区域相对应；
在所述其它发光单元和不与所述其它发光单元堆叠的第一单色发光单元上形成第二电极层；以及
在第一电极层或第二电极层表面形成彩膜层。
在根据本发明的一种实施例的OLED单元的制备方法中，利用开口掩膜板在第一电极层上形成所述第一单色发光单元。
在根据本发明的一种实施例的OLED单元的制备方法中，利用高精度金属掩膜板在第一单色发光单元上堆叠所述其它发光单元。
根据本发明的一种实施例的OLED单元的制备方法还包括：在所述第一单色发光单元上形成电荷产生层，并在电荷产生层上形成所述其它发光单元。
在根据本发明的一种实施例的OLED单元的制备方法中，所述彩膜层形成在所述其它子像素区域。
本发明上述技术方案中，由于OLED单元的其中一个发光单元采用开口掩膜板，减少了高精度金属掩膜板的使用率，降低了工艺难度；另外，对于其它发光单元的制备，由于高精度金属掩膜板的开口面积为多个子像素区域，其开口面积增大，因此容易实现高分辨率显示面板的制作。此外，由于本发明中制备的OLED单元中，其中一个子像素仅需要一个发光单元就能实现，且不需要彩膜单元进行滤光，因此克服了功耗较高的缺陷。
附图说明
图1是第一现有技术中OLED单元的结构示意图；
图2是第二现有技术中OLED单元的结构示意图；
图3是本发明第一实施例中OLED单元的局部剖视示意图；
图4是本发明第二实施例中RGBW型OLED单元的局部剖视示意图；
图5是本发明第一实施例中OLED单元的制备方法流程图；
图6是本发明第二实施例中RGBW型OLED单元的制备方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，并参照附图，对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
OLED显示器件上的每个像素区域或者像素单元，通常由多个子像素构成，每个子像素可以发出不同颜色的光，以此在同一像素区域提供多种不同颜色的光。对应于RGB显示器件，每个像素区域对应三个子像素，分别为红色、绿色和蓝色子像素。本发明提出的OLED单元对应一个像素区域，即一个像素单元，其由形成在阴极层和阳极层之间的多个发光单元在垂直方向上堆叠而成。多个发光单元堆叠在一起发出白色光，通过阴极层或阳极层外表面的彩膜层对所述白色光进行滤光，而形成发出不同颜色光的子像素。本发明中的一个第一子像素区域仅用一个单色发光单元形成，即在该第一子像素区域，仅有一个单色发光单元，而堆叠在该单色发光单元的其它发光单元仅形成在其它子像素区域，并且该子像素区域不需要彩膜层对其滤光，因此可以减少功耗。下面详细介绍本发明的技术方案。
本发明提出的OLED单元包括：OLED单元，包括多个像素区域，每个像素区域包括：至少两个发光单元、第一电极层、第二电极层和彩膜层；所述至少两个发光单元堆叠形成于第一电极层和第二电极层之间，所述彩膜层形成在所述第一电极层或第二电极层的与所述发光单元相对的表面。所述至少两个发光单元包括第一单色发光单元和其它发光单元。所述第一单色发光单元位于整个像素区域并在所述像素区域中的第一子像素区域发出光；所述至少两个发光单元中的其它发光单元位于所述第一单色发光单元上并与除所述第一子像素区域之外的其它子像素区域相对应。
在一种实施例中，所述彩膜层形成在所述其它子像素区域；所述第一电极层和第二电极层分别为阴极层和阳极层，其对应关系根据实际结构进行选择设置。
本发明提出的上述OLED单元结构中，所述第一单色发光单元对应的第一子像素区域中仅包括阴极层、第一单色发光单元和阳极层，在需要发出所述第一单色发光单元对应颜色的光时，只需要第一单色发光单元工作，且不需要彩膜层进行滤光，在很大程度上降低了功耗。
下面以提供RGB三种颜色光的OLED显示器件为例，详细说明本发明提出的OLED单元的结构。
图3示出了本发明实施例中提出的OLED单元的局部剖视示意图。如图3所示，其包括：第一电极层301、第一发光单元302、第二发光单元303和彩膜层305。
第一电极层301位于整个像素区域，所述整个像素区域对应三个子像素区域(如图中虚框所示)，分别为第一子像素区域3011、第二子像素区域3012和第三子像素区域3013。所述第一子像素区域3011对应产生第一种颜色光，所述第二子像素区域3012对应产生第二种颜色光，所述第三子像素区域3013对应产生第三种颜色光，所述第一种颜色光、第二种颜色光和第三种颜色光分别为红色、绿色和蓝色光中的一种。
第一发光单元302形成在所述第一电极层301上表面，且位于整个像素区域；所述第一发光单元302用于发出对应第一子像素区域3011的第一种颜色光，第一种颜色光能够从第一子像素区域3011发出到OLED单元之外。
第二发光单元303堆叠在所述第一发光单元302上表面，且位于第二子像素区域3012和第三子像素区域3013；所述第二发光单元303用于发出第二种颜色和第三种颜色的混合光。第二发光单元303形成在第一单色发光单元302上并与除第一子像素区域3011之外的第二子像素区域3012和第三子像素区域3013相对应。
可选地，所述第一发光单元302为发出蓝色光的发光单元，所述第二发光单元303为发出红色和绿色的混合光的发光单元。
第二电极层304形成在所述第二发光单元303的上表面以及未被第二发光单元303覆盖的第一发光单元的上表面。
彩膜层305形成在所述第一电极层301的下表面，并包括分别位于第二子像素区域3012和第三子像素区域3013中的第一彩膜单元3051和第 二彩膜单元3052；所述第一彩膜单元3051用于滤除除第二种颜色光之外的光，以仅允许第二种颜色光通过，所述第二彩膜单元3052用于滤除除第三种颜色光之外的光，以仅允许第三种颜色的光通过。
图3示出的上述OLED结构为底发射结构，从其中三个子像素区域分别产生第一种颜色的光、第二种颜色的光和第三种颜色的光，其中，第一种颜色的光直接由所述第一发光单元302发出，在该OLED单元对应的像素需要发出第一种颜色光的时候，仅需要第一发光单元302工作，且不需要彩膜单元对其滤光，降低了功耗。
对于顶发射结构，所述彩膜层305位于第二电极层304的上表面，三种颜色的光从第二电极层304的上表面发出。
所述第一电极层301和第二电极层304为阳极层和阴极层，其对应关系可根据实际情况选择设置。对于底发射结构，第一电极层301可以为透明的阳极，由金属或者几种金属的合金，如Al、Mg、Ca、Li、Yb、Mg、Ag、Yb、Ag、Mg/Ag、Yb/Ag、Li/Ag、Al/Ag、Ca/Ag等，制成。此电极需要有良好的导电性、良好的透射率、良好的化学及形态的稳定性等。所述第二电极层302可以为有良好反射率且不透光的阴极；可以由金属、或者几种金属的合金，如：Ag、Au、Pd、Pt、Ag：Au、Ag：Pd、Ag：Pt、Al：Au、Al：Pd、Al：Pt、Ag：Au、Au/Ag、Pd/Ag、Pt/Ag等，制成。此电极需要有良好的导电性、良好的反射率、良好的化学及形态的稳定性等特性。
对于顶发射结构，所述第一电极层301可以为有高反射率且不透光的阳极，可以由金属、或者几种金属的合金，如：Ag、Au、Pd、Pt、Ag：Au、Ag：Pd、Ag：Pt、Al：Au、Al：Pd、Al：Pt、Ag：Au、Au/Ag、Pd/Ag、Pt/Ag等，制成。此电极需要有良好的导电性、高的反射率、良好的化学及形态的稳定性等特性。第二电极层302可以为透明的阴极，由金属、或者几种金属的合金，如Al、Mg、Ca、Li、Yb、Mg：Ag、Yb：Ag、Mg/Ag、Yb/Ag、Li/Ag、Al/Ag、Ca/Ag等，制成。此电极需要有良好的导电性、良好的透射率、良好的化学及形态的稳定性等。
下面以提供RGBW四种颜色光的OLED显示器件为例，详细说明本发明提出的OLED单元的结构。
图4示出了本发明第二实施例中提出的RGBW型OLED单元的局部剖视示意图。如图4所示，其包括第一电极层401、第一发光单元402、第二电极层404、以及彩膜层405。
第一电极层401位于整个像素区域，所述整个像素区域对应四个子像素区域(如图中虚框所示)，分别为第一子像素区域4011、第二子像素区域4012、第三子像素区域4013和第四子像素区域4014。所述第一子像素区域4011对应产生第一种颜色光，所述第二子像素区域4012对应产生第二种颜色光，所述第三子像素区域4013对应产生第三种颜色光，所述第四子像素区域4014对应产生第四种颜色光。所述第一种颜色光、第二种颜色光和第三种颜色光分别为红色、绿色和蓝色光中的一种；所述第四种颜色光为白色光；
第一发光单元402形成在所述第一电极层401上表面，且位于整个像素区域；所述第一发光单元402用于发出对应第一子像素区域4011的第一种颜色光，第一种颜色光能够从第一子像素区域4011发出到OLED单元之外。
第二发光单元403堆叠在所述第一发光单元402上表面，且位于所述第二子像素区域4012、第三子像素区域4013和第四子像素区域4014；所述第二发光单元403用于发出第二种颜色和第三种颜色的混合光，且所述第二发光单元403和第一发光单元402堆叠产生白色光。第二发光单元403形成在第一单色发光单元402上并与除第一子像素区域4011之外的第二子像素区域4012、第三子像素区域4013和第四子像素区域4014相对应。
可选地，所述第一发光单元402为发出蓝色光的发光单元，所述第二发光单元403为发出红色和绿色的混合光的发光单元。
第二电极层404形成在所述第二发光单元403的上表面以及未被第二发光单元403覆盖的第一发光单元的上表面；
彩膜层405形成在所述第一电极层401的下表面，并包括分别位于第二子像素区域4012和第三子像素区域4013中的第一彩膜单元4051和第二彩膜单元4052；第一彩膜单元4051用于滤除除第二种颜色光之外的光，以仅允许第二种颜色的光通过，所述第二彩膜单元用于滤除除第三种颜色光之外的光，以仅允许第三种颜色的光通过。
图4示出的上述RGBW型OLED单元为底发射结构，从其中四个子像素区域分别产生第一种颜色的光、第二种颜色的光、第三种颜色的光和第四种颜色的光，其中，第一种颜色的光直接由第一发光单元402发出，白色光由第一发光单元和第二发光单元堆叠发出，这两种光都不需要彩膜单元进行滤光，可以减少功耗损失。
对于顶发射结构，所述彩膜层405位于第二电极层404的上表面，四种颜色的光从第二电极层404的上表面发出。
所述第一电极层401和第二电极层404为阳极层和阴极层，其对应关系可根据实际情况选择设置。
上述图3和图4示出的第一实施例和第二实施例中，所述第二发光单元303/403可以为多色光单元，即同时能发出两种颜色光的发光单元，也可以是两个单色发光单元堆叠而成，即由两个分别发出不同颜色光的发光单元堆叠而成。当然对于其它除RGB型和RGBW型的OLED单元来说，所述第二发光单元还可以是能够发出多于两种颜色光的多色发光单元或者是多于两个的单色发光单元堆叠而成。对于RGBW型的OLED单元来说，第一发光单元和第二发光单元堆叠之后能够发出白色光。
可选地，所述多色发光单元包括空穴传输层、多色发光层和电子传输层，所述多色发光层为能够发出多种颜色光的发光材料形成，如采用磷光材料，用于发出红绿色光；所述单色发光单元包括空穴传输层、单色发光层和电子传输层，所述单色发光层为能够发出一种颜色光的发光材料形成，如荧光材料，用于发出蓝色光。由于发出蓝色光的荧光材料的发光性能较用于发出红绿色光的磷光材料的发光性能稍微差一些，如果利用蓝色光材料与红色光材料或绿色光材料制成用于发出红蓝色光或蓝绿色光的发光单元，那么在使用彩膜滤光时，可能得到的蓝光非常弱，导致蓝色像素的发光效率低，会影响整个显示面板的显示效果。
可选地，为了提高OLED器件的发光效率，还可以设置电荷产生层，用于上下连接所述第一发光单元302/402和第二发光单元303/403。所述电荷产生层在发光单元的电子传输层中提供电子注入功能，在空穴传输层提供空穴注入功能。电荷产生层一般由高导电率的金属薄膜、ITO导电薄膜、 有机电学掺杂薄膜等构成，需要满足导电透光的条件。例如，采用具有很高的透明度WO3，其易于蒸发制备，且能有效产生和注入空穴。
可选地，所述第一发光单元和第二发光单元的上下位置关系不限于所述第一实施例和第二实施例提出的上述方式，还可以是所述第一发光单元堆叠在第二发光单元的上表面。
本发明还提出了一种OLED显示器件，其包括如上所述的OLED单元。
本发明还提出了一种OLED单元的制备方法，所述OLED单元包括多个像素区域，所述方法包括如下步骤：
在第一电极层上形成所述第一单色发光单元，使其位于整个像素区域，以在所述像素区域中的第一子像素区域发出光；
在所述第一单色发光单元上堆叠形成其它发光单元，使得所述其它发光单元与除所述第一子像素区域之外的其它子像素区域相对应；
在所述其它发光单元和不与所述其它发光单元堆叠的第一单色发光单元上形成第二电极层；以及
在第一电极层或第二电极层表面形成彩膜层，其中，所述彩膜层形成在所述其它子像素区域。
下面结合上述图3和图4给出的实施例详细描述OLED单元的制备方法。
图5示出了本发明第一实施例中OLED单元的制备方法流程图，OLED单元包括多个像素区域，每个像素区域包括第一子像素区域3011、第二子像素区域3012和第三子像素区域3013。参见图3和图5，该方法包括：
步骤501：在基板上形成彩膜层305，其包括第一彩膜单元3051和第二彩膜单元3052，分别位于第二子像素区域3012和第三子像素区域3013；所述第一子像素区域3011对应产生第一种颜色光，所述第二子像素区域3012对应产生第二种颜色光，所述第三子像素区域3013对应产生第三种颜色光，所述第一种颜色光、第二种颜色光和第三种颜色光分别为红色、绿色和蓝色光中的一种；所述第一彩膜单元3051用于滤除除第二种颜色光之外的光，以仅允许第二种颜色光通过，所述第二彩膜单元3052用于滤除除第三种颜色光之外的光，以仅允许第三种颜色的光通过；
步骤502：在形成有彩膜层305的基板上形成第一电极层301，所述第一电极层301位于所述整个像素区域；所述第一电极层301可以为阴极层或阳极层；
步骤503：在所述第一电极层301上形成第一发光单元302，其位于所述整个像素区域；所述第一发光单元302用于发出对应第一子像素区域3011的第一种颜色光；
步骤504：在所述第一发光单元302上表面堆叠形成第二发光单元303，其位于第二子像素区域3012和第三子像素区域3013；所述第二发光单元303用于发出第二种颜色和第三种颜色的混合光；
步骤505：在所述第二发光单元303的上表面以及未被第二发光单元303覆盖的第一发光单元302的上表面形成第二电极层304，所述第二电极层304为不同于第一电极层301的阳极层或阴极层。
上述方法中，所述彩膜层305可通过曝光显影的方式在玻璃基板上依次制作第一彩膜单元3051和第二彩膜单元3052而形成；该步骤中，只需要制作用于两个子像素区域的两个彩膜单元，而不需要制作用于全部的三个子像素区域的三个彩膜单元。
步骤503中，可以采用具有开口的掩膜板制作所述第一发光单元302，而不需要使用传统工艺中的高精度金属掩膜板进行制作，由于高精度金属掩膜板的工艺要求较高，且成本较高，本发明的该步骤中省去了高精度金属掩膜板的使用工序，在一定程度上降低了制作难度以及制作成本。
步骤504中，第二发光单元303的制作可以采用高精度金属掩膜板，通过蒸镀方式制作在第二子像素区域和第三子像素区域中。
所述第一电极层301和第二电极层304依然可以使用具有开口的掩膜板来制作。对于底发射结构，第一电极层301可使用高透明度、高导电率的金属或金属合金材料，第二电极层304可使用高反射率、高导电率的金属或金属合金材料；对于顶发射结构，第一电极层301可使用高反射率、高导电率的金属或金属合金材料，第二电极层304可使用高透明度、高导电率的金属或金属合金材料。
上述制备方法中，至少一个发光单元采用了开口掩膜板来制作，而采用高精度金属掩膜板制作第二发光单元时，其开口部分为两个子像素区域的面积，更容易实现较高的分辨率。
图6示出了本发明第二实施例中RGB型的OLED单元的制备方法流程图。参见图4和图6，OLED单元包括多个像素区域，每个像素区域包括第一子像素区域4011、第二子像素区域4012、第三子像素区域4013和第四子像素区域，该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤601：在基板上形成彩膜层405，其包括第一彩膜单元4051和第二彩膜单元4052，分别位于所述OLED单元对应的整个像素区域的第二子像素区域4012和第三子像素区域4013；所述第一子像素区域4011对应产生第一种颜色光，所述第二子像素区域4012对应产生第二种颜色光，所述第三子像素区域4013对应产生第三种颜色光，所述第四子像素区域对应产生白色光；所述第一种颜色光、第二种颜色光和第三种颜色光分别为红色、绿色和蓝色光中的一种；所述第一彩膜单元4051用于滤除除第二种颜色光之外的光，以仅允许第二种颜色光通过，所述第二彩膜单元4052用于滤除除第三种颜色光之外的光，以仅允许第三种颜色的光通过；
步骤602：在形成有彩膜层405的基板上形成第一电极层401，所述第一电极层401位于所述整个像素区域；所述第一电极层401可以为阴极层或阳极层；
步骤603：在所述第一电极层401上形成第一发光单元402，其位于所述整个像素区域；所述第一发光单元402用于发出对应第一子像素区域4011的第一种颜色光；
步骤604：在所述第一发光单元402上表面堆叠形成第二发光单元403，其位于第二子像素区域4012、第三子像素区域4013和第四子像素区域4014；所述第二发光单元303用于发出第二种颜色和第三种颜色的混合光；所述第一发光单元402和第二发光单元403堆叠发出白色光；
步骤605：在所述第二发光单元403的上表面以及未被第二发光单元403覆盖的第一发光单元402的上表面形成第二电极层404，所述第二电极层404为不同于第一电极层401的阳极层或阴极层。
上述方法中，所述彩膜层405可通过曝光显影的方式在玻璃基板上依次制作第一彩膜单元4051和第二彩膜单元4052而形成；该步骤中，只需要制作用于两个子像素区域的两个彩膜单元，而不需要制作用于三个子像素区域的三个彩膜单元，在白色光子像素区域中也不需要制作彩膜单元。
该RGBW型OLED的制备与第一实施例中OLED单元的制备过程基本相同，所不同的是第一发光单元和第二发光单元需要采用堆叠能够发出白光的材料制成，且对应第一发光单元和白色光的子像素区域不需要制作彩膜层。
上述两种制备方法还包括：在所述第一发光单元上制备电荷产生层，并在电荷产生层上形成第二发光单元。所述电荷产生层可采用高导电率的金属薄膜、ITO导电薄膜、有机电学掺杂薄膜等材料制成，需要满足导电透光的条件。
可选地，上述第一实施例和第二实施例提出的OLED单元的制备方法中，也可以先制备第二发光单元，使得第二发光单元位于部分子像素区域，然后在第二发光单元的上方堆叠形成第一发光单元，使得所述第一发光单元位于整个像素区域。
本发明提出的OLED单元的制备方法中，由于其中一个发光单元采用开口掩膜板，减少了高精度金属掩膜板的使用率，降低了工艺难度；另外，对于其它发光单元的制备，由于高精度金属掩膜板的开口面积为多个子像素区域，其开口面积较图1示出的传统工艺中的开口面积大，因此容易实现高分辨率显示面板的制作。此外，由于本发明中制备的OLED单元中，其中一个子像素仅需要一个发光单元就能实现，且不需要彩膜单元进行滤光，因此克服了功耗较高的缺陷。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种OLED单元，包括多个像素区域，每个像素区域包括：
    第一电极层和第二电极层；
    至少两个发光单元，堆叠形成于第一电极层和第二电极层之间；以及
    彩膜层，形成在所述第一电极层或第二电极层的与所述发光单元相对的表面上；其中，
    所述至少两个发光单元包括：
    第一单色发光单元，位于整个像素区域并在所述像素区域中的第一子像素区域发出光；以及
    其它发光单元，位于所述第一单色发光单元上并与除所述第一子像素区域之外的其它子像素区域相对应。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的OLED单元，其中，所述彩膜层形成在所述其它子像素区域。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的OLED单元，其中，所述彩膜层形成在所述其它子像素区域的部分区域。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的OLED单元，其中，所述至少两个发光单元堆叠发出白光。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的OLED单元，其中，所述至少两个发光单元中的其它发光单元为多色发光单元。
  6. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的OLED单元，其中，所述至少两个发光单元中的其它发光单元为单色发光单元。
  7. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的OLED单元，其中，所述第一单色发光单元为红色、绿色和蓝色发光单元中的一个，所述其它发光单元为对应其它两色的单色发光单元或多色发光单元。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的OLED单元，其中，所述第一单色发光单元为蓝色发光单元，所述至少两个发光单元中的其它发光单元为对应红色和绿色的单色发光单元或多色发光单元。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的OLED单元，其还包括：
    电荷产生层，用于串接所述至少两个发光单元。
  10. 一种OLED显示面板，其包括如权利要求1-9任一项所述的OLED单元。
  11. 一种OLED显示设备，其包括如权利要求10所述的OLED显示面板。
  12. 一种OLED单元的制备方法，所述OLED单元包括多个像素区域，所述方法包括如下步骤：
    在第一电极层上形成所述第一单色发光单元，使其位于整个像素区域，以在所述像素区域中的第一子像素区域发出光
    在所述第一单色发光单元上堆叠形成其它发光单元，使得所述其它发光单元与除所述第一子像素区域之外的其它子像素区域相对应；
    在所述其它发光单元和不与所述其它发光单元堆叠的第一单色发光单元上形成第二电极层；以及
    在第一电极层或第二电极层表面形成彩膜层。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的方法，其中，利用开口掩膜板在第一电极层上形成所述第一单色发光单元。
  14. 如权利要求12-13任一项所述的方法，其中，利用高精度金属掩膜板在第一单色发光单元上堆叠所述其它发光单元。
  15. 如权利要求12-13任一项所述的方法，其还包括：
    在所述第一单色发光单元上形成电荷产生层，并在电荷产生层上形成所述其它发光单元。
  16. 如权利要求12-13任一项所述的方法，其中，所述彩膜层形成在所述其它子像素区域。
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