WO2015199384A1 - 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015199384A1 WO2015199384A1 PCT/KR2015/006262 KR2015006262W WO2015199384A1 WO 2015199384 A1 WO2015199384 A1 WO 2015199384A1 KR 2015006262 W KR2015006262 W KR 2015006262W WO 2015199384 A1 WO2015199384 A1 WO 2015199384A1
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- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M2010/4292—Aspects relating to capacity ratio of electrodes/electrolyte or anode/cathode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery, and more particularly, to a lithium secondary battery in which the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the negative electrode is lower than the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the positive electrode.
- lithium secondary battery has attracted attention as a driving power source for portable devices because of its light weight and high energy density. Accordingly, research and development efforts for improving the performance of lithium secondary batteries have been actively conducted.
- the lithium secondary battery is oxidized when lithium ions are inserted / desorbed from the positive electrode and the negative electrode while an organic or polymer electrolyte is charged between the negative electrode and the positive electrode made of an active material capable of intercalations and deintercalation of lithium ions. Electrical energy is produced by the reduction reaction.
- the negative electrode active material is a crystalline carbon material such as natural graphite or artificial graphite having a high softening degree, or a pseudo-graphite structure obtained by carbonizing hydrocarbons or polymers at a low temperature of 1000 to 1500 ° C, or Low crystalline carbon materials are used. Since the crystalline carbon material has a high true density, it is advantageous for packing the active material and has advantages of potential flatness, ultracapacity, and charge / discharge reversibility.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery that can realize a high output by greatly reducing the resistance in a low state state of charge (SOC).
- the present invention is a lithium secondary battery comprising a negative electrode and a positive electrode
- the negative electrode is a first negative electrode active material made of a carbon-based material and a second negative electrode active material having a lower initial charge and discharge efficiency than the first negative electrode active material It includes, the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the negative electrode provides a lithium secondary battery lower than the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the positive electrode.
- the present invention induces the initial charging and discharging efficiency of the negative electrode to be lower than the initial charging and discharging efficiency of the negative electrode, thereby discharging the discharging end portion of the negative electrode in the low SOC region, for example, SOC 10% to 30% region, where resistance is large. Portion) can avoid the discharging end portion of the anode, which can significantly reduce the resistance. As a result, the output characteristics of the secondary battery can be improved.
- 1 is a conceptual diagram of charge and discharge characteristics according to SOC regions of a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a secondary battery including graphite.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of charge and discharge characteristics according to SOC regions of a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a secondary battery including a mixed negative electrode active material of graphite and Si.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing resistance characteristics according to SOC regions of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 according to Experimental Example 2.
- a lithium secondary battery is a lithium secondary battery including a negative electrode and a positive electrode, the negative electrode is a first negative electrode active material made of a carbon-based material and a second initial charge and discharge efficiency lower than the first negative electrode active material It includes a negative electrode active material, characterized in that the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the negative electrode is lower than the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the positive electrode.
- the discharging end portion of the negative electrode in the low SOC region where resistance is large for example, 10% to 30% of SOC (end of discharge Portion) can avoid the discharging end portion of the anode, which can significantly reduce the resistance. This can significantly improve the output characteristics of the secondary battery.
- the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the negative electrode specifically 0% to 10% or less than the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the positive electrode, more specifically 0.5% to 9%, Even more specifically, from 0.7% to 8.5%.
- the capacity of the secondary battery may be greatly reduced because the amount of lithium consumed from the positive electrode to form the initial irreversible reaction of the negative electrode is large. There is.
- the initial charging and discharging efficiency of the negative electrode is greater than or equal to the initial charging and discharging efficiency of the positive electrode, the speed at which lithium enters and exits the inside of the positive electrode at the discharging end (discharge end of the positive electrode) of the positive electrode, It slows down, and as a result, there exists a possibility that the output of the whole secondary battery may fall.
- 1 and 2 are conceptual views of charge and discharge characteristics of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the secondary battery according to the SOC (%) region. 1 and 2 are only examples for describing the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Hereinafter, a description will be given with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the negative electrode is realized by using graphite having an initial charge and discharge efficiency of 93% as a negative electrode active material, and by using a positive electrode having an initial charge and discharge efficiency of 92%, the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the negative electrode is initially charged and discharged.
- the efficiency in the low SOC region (e.g., 10% to 30% region) where the resistance is greatest, the discharging end portion of the negative electrode passes through the discharging end portion of the positive electrode, which greatly increases the resistance. Therefore, the output of the secondary battery may be significantly reduced.
- the initial charge and discharge efficiency is 84.7% by mixing graphite (first negative electrode active material) having an initial charge and discharge efficiency of 93% and Si (second negative electrode active material) having an initial charge and discharge efficiency of 5%.
- first negative electrode active material first negative electrode active material
- Si second negative electrode active material
- the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the negative electrode is specifically 80% to 92%, more specifically 82% to 91%, even more specifically 84% to 90% Can be.
- the initial charge and discharge efficiency may mean a discharge capacity when the discharge to 1.5V or less.
- the initial charging and discharging efficiency in the present invention is to charge the manufactured electrode until 5mV at a constant current (CC) of 0.1C, and then charge at a constant voltage (CV) when the charging current is 0.005C Charge capacity is measured by first charging until then, it is left for 30 minutes and then discharged until it reaches 1.5V at constant current of 0.1C. After measuring discharge capacity of 1 cycle, charging of the first cycle measured It can be calculated from the capacity and the discharge capacity.
- the negative electrode may have a larger irreversible capacity than the positive electrode.
- the negative electrode is lower than the first negative electrode active material, and the first negative electrode active material in order to induce the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the negative electrode lower than the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the positive electrode It includes a second negative electrode active material having a low initial charge and discharge efficiency.
- Initial charge and discharge efficiency may be affected by the type, particle size or content of the active material.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may appropriately include the type, particle size, or content of the active material so as to satisfy the initial charging and discharging efficiency conditions, or together with the above factors. It may be included in combination as appropriate in combination.
- the first negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it is a carbon-based material capable of inserting / removing lithium ions during charge / discharge of the secondary battery.
- amorphous carbon made by heat treatment of coal tar pitch, petroleum pitch, various organic materials, and the like, natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon having a high graphitization degree.
- Crystalline carbon such as black, Meso Carbon MicroBead (MCMB), carbon fiber and the like.
- MCMB Meso Carbon MicroBead
- graphite such as artificial graphite and natural graphite, as a 1st negative electrode active material.
- the average particle diameter D 50 of the first negative electrode active material may be 2 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, more specifically 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the first negative electrode active material may be defined as the particle size at 50% of the particle size distribution.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the first negative electrode active material may be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction method, more specifically, after dispersing the first negative electrode active material in a dispersion medium, commercially available lasers Introduced into a diffraction particle size measuring device (e.g., Microtrac MT 3000) and irradiating an ultrasonic wave of about 28 kHz with an output of 60 W, the average particle size (D 50 ) at 50% of the particle size distribution in the measuring device can be calculated. Can be.
- the second negative electrode active material has a lower initial charge and discharge efficiency than the first negative electrode active material, specifically, the initial charge and discharge efficiency is about 20 compared with the first negative electrode active material. % To 90%, more specifically about 30% to 90%, even more specifically about 40% to 90% lower.
- the second negative electrode active material satisfies the above initial charge and discharge efficiency difference, and the initial charge and discharge efficiency is specifically about 3% to 88%, more specifically about 4% to 80%, even more specifically About 4% to 60%.
- the second negative electrode active material having the initial charging and discharging efficiency within the above range may be as large as possible in charge capacity and as small as possible in discharge capacity.
- the second negative electrode active material may be any one selected from the group consisting of Si-based, Sn-based, and oxides thereof, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the Si-based may be, for example, Si, Si nanoparticles or Si nanowires
- the Si-based and Sn-based oxides include, for example, SiO x (where x is 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) and SnO. It may be any one or a mixture of two or more selected from.
- the Si-based, Sn-based or oxides thereof more specifically Si or SiO x (where x is 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), any one or two or more mixtures selected from the group consisting of a high capacity non-carbon-based negative electrode active material Since the discharge efficiency is low and the irreversible capacity is increased during the lithium insertion and desorption process as the cycle progresses, it may be preferable in terms of increasing the initial irreversible capacity of the negative electrode of the present invention.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the second negative electrode active material may be 50 nm to 10 ⁇ m, more specifically 100 nm to 5 ⁇ m, even more specifically 100 nm to 2.5 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the second negative electrode active material may be measured by the same method as described above in the first negative electrode active material.
- the second negative electrode active material may participate in the reaction only in the initial charge and discharge stage, which is an initial formation stage of the battery, and thus may have little discharge capacity.
- the method of making the second negative electrode active material have little discharge capacity is not particularly limited, but for example, the second negative electrode active material may participate in charging by using a second negative electrode active material such as Si-based, Sn-based, and oxides having a large average particle diameter.
- a method of not participating in the discharge a method of increasing the amount of oxygen in the case of oxide, or a method of adjusting the amount of use of the second negative electrode active material may be used.
- the second negative electrode active material hardly discharges in a state in which a large amount of lithium is occluded, and only the carbon-based material that is the first negative electrode active material can participate in the discharge. Therefore, only the carbon-based material contributes most to the discharge capacity, thereby simultaneously improving the high power and life characteristics of the secondary battery.
- the negative electrode Silver may include graphite as the first negative electrode material, and may include any one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of Si-based, Sn-based, and oxides thereof as the second negative electrode active material. More specifically, the negative electrode includes graphite having an average diameter (D 50 ) of 2 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m as the first negative electrode material, and an average diameter (D 50 ) of 50 nm to 10 ⁇ m as the second negative electrode active material. Si and SiO x , where x is 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, may comprise any one selected from the group consisting of, or a mixture of two or more.
- the initial stage of the negative electrode By further lowering the charge and discharge efficiency, it is possible to effectively control the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the negative electrode.
- the mixing ratio of the first negative electrode active material and the second negative electrode active material is a weight ratio of 80:20 to 99.95: 0.05, more specifically 93: 7 to 99.95: 0.05, more specifically 95: 5 to 99.95 It may be a weight ratio of: 0.05, most specifically a weight ratio of 98.7: 1.3 to 99.95: 0.05.
- the second negative electrode active material is used below the above range, there is a concern that the discharge potential of the negative electrode may increase, and when the second negative electrode active material is used above the above range, the amount of the first negative electrode active material, which is a carbon-based material, is relatively low, thereby reducing the capacity characteristics of the secondary battery. And the service life may deteriorate.
- the negative electrode is the first negative electrode active material, specifically graphite, to satisfy the initial charge and discharge efficiency conditions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode together with the initial charge and discharge conditions of the first and second negative electrode active material in the negative electrode. More specifically, graphite having an average diameter (D 50 ) of 2 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m; Second anode active material, specifically Si-based, Sn-based and any one or two or more mixtures selected from the group consisting of oxides, more specifically Si and SiO having an average diameter (D 50 ) of 50 nm to 10 ⁇ m x , wherein x is any one selected from the group consisting of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, or a mixture of two or more, in a weight ratio of 80:20 to 99.95: 0.05.
- Second anode active material specifically Si-based, Sn-based and any one or two or more mixtures selected from the group consisting of oxides, more specifically Si and SiO having an average diameter (D 50 ) of 50 nm to 10 ⁇ m
- a method of blending the first negative electrode active material and the second negative electrode active material to form a mixed negative electrode active material is not particularly limited, and various methods known in the art may be adopted. Can be.
- the mixing form of the first negative electrode active material and the second negative electrode active material may be simple mixing or mechanical mixing.
- the first negative electrode active material and the second negative electrode active material are simply mixed using a mortar, or rotated at a rotational speed of 100 to 1000 rpm using a blade or ball mill to mechanically apply a compressive stress to the composite. Can be formed.
- the first negative electrode active material and the second negative electrode active material may be coated on the surface of another active material or present in a form in which the first negative electrode active material and the second negative electrode active material are combined with each other.
- a second negative electrode active material may be coated on the first negative electrode active material, or a first negative electrode active material may be coated on the second negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode may further include at least one or more third negative electrode active materials.
- another third negative electrode active material may be surface-coated on the first negative electrode active material and the second negative electrode active material, or the first negative electrode active material and the second negative electrode active material of the present invention may be coated on the third negative electrode active material.
- all of the first to third negative electrode active materials may be complexed with each other by simple mixing or mechanical mixing together to be included in a composite form.
- the third negative electrode active material may specifically have a higher initial charge / discharge efficiency than the first negative electrode active material, and if the initial charge / discharge efficiency is satisfied, one or more types of negative electrode active materials commonly used in the art. It may include.
- lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide when the content of manganese contained in the transition metal is 50 mol% or more, the capacity characteristics are low enough to be activated by charging to a high voltage, the structure is damaged by such a high voltage charging There is.
- the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material included in the positive electrode and the negative electrode satisfy the initial charge and discharge efficiency conditions of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, that is, the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the negative electrode is positive If it is lower than the initial charge and discharge efficiency of, it is not particularly limited.
- the initial charging and discharging efficiency of the positive electrode is measured by the same method as the initial charging and discharging efficiency of the negative electrode, but the charging voltage is 4.2V to 4.4V, the discharge voltage is 3V to 2.5V depending on the type of the positive electrode Capacity and discharge capacity can be measured, and the initial charge and discharge efficiency can be calculated using this.
- the charging voltage may be measured, for example, about 50 mV higher than the charging potential in the full cell.
- the lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention may be manufactured according to a conventional method except for using the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to form an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly is placed in a pouch, a cylindrical battery case or a square battery case, and then an electrolyte solution is injected; Alternatively, the electrode assembly may be stacked, and then impregnated in the electrolyte, and the resultant may be manufactured by sealing it in a battery case.
- the negative electrode may be prepared by the manufacturing method commonly used in the art.
- a negative electrode active material according to an embodiment of the present invention may be prepared by mixing and stirring a binder and a solvent and, if necessary, a conductive agent and a dispersant to prepare a slurry, and then applying the same to a current collector and compressing the negative electrode. .
- the binder may be polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (polyvinylidenefluoride), polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, Polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluorine rubber, Various kinds of binder polymers such as various copolymers can be used.
- N-methylpyrrolidone, acetone, water and the like can be used as the solvent.
- the conductive agent is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- Examples of the conductive agent include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon blacks such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, farnes black, lamp black and thermal black; Conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; Metal powders such as fluorocarbon, aluminum and nickel powders; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives and the like can be used.
- the dispersant may be an aqueous dispersant or an organic dispersant such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- a slurry is prepared by mixing a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, a binder, and a solvent, and then coated directly on a metal current collector, or casting on a separate support and peeling the positive electrode active material film from the support.
- the positive electrode may be manufactured by laminating the current collector.
- the conductive agent, binder, and solvent used for the positive electrode may be used in the same manner as used for the negative electrode.
- the separator interposed between the cathode and the anode is a conventional porous polymer film used as a conventional separator, for example, ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene / butene copolymer, ethylene / hexene copolymer and ethylene / Porous polymer films made of polyolefin-based polymers such as methacrylate copolymers or the like may be used alone or in combination thereof.
- an insulating thin film having high ion permeability and mechanical strength may be used.
- the separator may include a safety reinforced separator (SRS) in which a ceramic material is thinly coated on the separator surface.
- a conventional porous nonwoven fabric for example, a non-woven fabric made of high melting glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, etc. may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- lithium salts that may be included as electrolytes may be used without limitation so long as they are conventionally used in the electrolyte for secondary batteries.
- anions of the lithium salts F ⁇ , Cl ⁇ , I ⁇ , NO 3 -, N (CN) 2 -, BF 4 -, ClO 4 -, PF 6 -, (CF 3) 2 PF 4 -, (CF 3) 3 PF 3 -, (CF 3) 4 PF 2 -, (CF 3) 5 PF -, (CF 3) 6 P -, CF 3 SO 3 -, CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 -, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N -, (FSO 2) 2 N -, CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3) 2 CO -, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 CH -, (SF 5) 3 C -, (CF 3 SO 2) 3 C -, CF 3 (CF 2) 7 SO 3 -, CF 3 CO 2
- the organic solvent included in the electrolyte may be used without limitation so long as it is conventionally used, typically propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, One or more selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, vinylene carbonate, sulfolane, gamma-butyrolactone, propylene sulfite and tetrahydrofuran can be used.
- the battery case used in the present invention may be adopted that is commonly used in the art, there is no limitation on the appearance according to the use of the battery, for example, cylindrical, square, pouch type using a can Or a coin type.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention may be applied to a battery cell used as a power source of a small device, and may be particularly suitably used as a unit cell of a battery module that is a power source of a medium and large device.
- the medium-to-large device may include a power tool; Electric vehicles including electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs); Electric two-wheeled vehicles including E-bikes and E-scooters; Electric golf carts; Electric trucks; Electric commercial vehicles; And a system for storing power; And the like, but are not necessarily limited thereto.
- Graphite having an initial charge / discharge efficiency of about 93% with a first negative electrode active material, an average particle diameter of about 15 ⁇ m, and a Si powder having an initial charge / discharge efficiency of about 5% with an average diameter of about 2 ⁇ m using a 99 The mixture was mixed in a weight ratio of 1 to prepare a negative electrode active material.
- the mixed negative electrode active material, Super-P as a conductive agent, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as a binder, and carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) as a thickener were mixed in a weight ratio of 96: 1: 1.5: 1.5, and then The mixture was mixed with water (H 2 O) as a solvent to prepare a uniform slurry of negative electrode active material.
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxy methyl cellulose
- the prepared negative electrode active material slurry was coated with a thickness of 65 ⁇ m on one surface of a copper current collector, dried and rolled, and then punched to a predetermined size to prepare a negative electrode.
- the prepared slurry was coated on one surface of an aluminum current collector, dried and rolled, and then punched to a predetermined size to prepare a positive electrode.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- the electrolyte was injected to prepare a lithium secondary battery.
- the first negative electrode active material (graphite) and the second negative electrode active material (Si) in Example 1 were mixed and used in a 99.3: 0.7 weight ratio, except that Li (Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 ) O 2 was used as the positive electrode active material. Then, a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the first negative electrode active material (graphite) and the second negative electrode active material (Si) in Example 1 were mixed and used in a weight ratio of 98.6: 1.4.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that graphite having a mean particle size of about 15 ⁇ m, which is a first negative electrode active material, was used as a negative electrode active material in the preparation of the negative electrode.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that graphite having a thickness of about 15 ⁇ m was used as the anode active material, and Li (Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 ) O 2 was used as the cathode active material.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were charged to 5 mV at a constant current (CC) of 0.1 C, respectively, and then charged at a constant voltage (CV), thereby charging current was 0.005 C.
- the first charge was performed until After leaving for 30 minutes, the battery was discharged to 1.5V at a constant current of 0.1C, and the discharge capacity of the first cycle was measured. At this time, initial charge / discharge efficiency was calculated from the first charge capacity and the discharge capacity. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention is the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the negative electrode is lower than the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the positive electrode, specifically Examples 1 and 2 are the initial The difference in charge and discharge efficiency is in the range of more than 0% to 10% or less, and in Example 3, the difference in initial charge and discharge efficiency of the positive electrode and the negative electrode exceeds 10%.
- Comparative Example 1 the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the negative electrode and the positive electrode was the same, and in Comparative Example 2, the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the negative electrode obtained a higher value than the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the positive electrode.
- the effect of improving the resistance characteristics according to the initial charge and discharge efficiency control in the positive electrode and the negative electrode was evaluated.
- mono-cells having the same capacity are manufactured by using the positive and negative electrodes prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and then 10C to 10% of SOC every 10% to 10%. Current was flowed for 10 seconds. Due to the high current, a voltage drop V occurs, from which the discharge resistance R can be calculated. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the discharge resistance according to each SOC of the lithium secondary battery according to Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention, in Figure 3 is the discharge resistance (R_discharge) at each SOC during discharge, ⁇ Is the charging resistance (R_charge) at each SOC during charging.
- the discharge resistance in the SOC 10% to 30% region is significantly reduced compared to Comparative Example 1.
- the discharge resistance of Example 1 is reduced by 125% or more, and in the SOC 20% region, about 40% in the SOC 10% region.
- Example 3 As shown in Table 2, in Example 3, as the difference between the initial charge and discharge efficiency of the positive electrode and the negative electrode exceeds 10%, the discharge resistance was higher than that of Examples 1 and 2, but according to the present invention.
- the lithium secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 3 exhibited significantly lower discharge resistance compared to the batteries of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. From this, it can be seen that the lithium secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 3 exhibit more excellent output characteristics.
Abstract
Description
음극 | 양극 | |||||
초기 충방전 효율(%) | 방전용량(mAh/g) | 충전 용량(mAh/g) | 초기 충방전효율(%) | 방전용량(mAh/g) | 충전용량(mAh/g) | |
실시예 1 | 84.7 | 358 | 423 | 93.0 | 170 | 183 |
실시예 2 | 87.1 | 359 | 412 | 88.0 | 158 | 180 |
실시예 3 | 82.0 | 358 | 436 | 93.0 | 170 | 183 |
비교예 1 | 93.0 | 360 | 387 | 93.0 | 170 | 183 |
비교예 2 | 93.0 | 360 | 387 | 88.0 | 158 | 180 |
SOC 별 방전 저항(ohm) | |||
10% | 20% | 30% | |
실시예1 | 3.95 | 1.54 | 1.25 |
실시예2 | 8.75 | 2.2 | 1.32 |
실시예3 | 8.96 | 2.22 | 1.35 |
비교예1 | 9.12 | 2.25 | 1.38 |
비교예2 | 15.3 | 5.41 | 3.61 |
Claims (22)
- 음극 및 양극을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지로서,상기 음극은 탄소계 물질로 이루어진 제1 음극활물질 및 상기 제1 음극활물질보다 초기 충방전 효율이 낮은 제2 음극활물질을 포함하며,상기 음극의 초기 충방전 효율은 양극의 초기 충방전 효율보다 낮은 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극의 초기 충방전 효율은 양극의 초기 충방전 효율보다 0% 초과 내지 10% 이하의 범위로 낮은 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극의 초기 충방전 효율은 80% 내지 92%인 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극의 비가역 용량은 양극의 비가역 용량보다 더 큰 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 음극활물질은 흑연인 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 음극활물질의 평균 입자 직경(D50)은 2 ㎛ 내지 30 ㎛인 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제2 음극활물질은 제1 음극활물질보다 초기 충방전 효율이 20% 내지 90% 더 낮은 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제2 음극활물질은 Si계, Sn계 및 이들의 산화물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 어느 하나, 또는 이들 중 1종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 제2 음극활물질은 Si 및 SiOx(여기서 x는 0<x<2)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 어느 하나, 또는 이들 중 1종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제2 음극활물질의 평균 입자 직경(D50)은 50 nm 내지 10 ㎛인 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제2 음극활물질은 이차전지의 초기 충방전 단계에서만 반응에 참여하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 음극활물질과 제2 음극활물질의 혼합비는 80:20 내지 99.95:0.05 중량비의 범위인 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극은 제1 음극활물질로서 평균 직경(D50)이 2 ㎛ 내지 30 ㎛인 흑연을 포함하고, 그리고 상기 제2 음극활물질로서 평균 직경(D50)이 50 nm 내지 10 ㎛인 Si 및 SiOx(여기서 x는 0<x<2)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 어느 하나, 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극은 제1 음극활물질로서 흑연을 포함하고, 상기 제2 음극활물질로서 Si 및 SiOx(여기서 x는 0<x<2)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하며, 상기 제1 음극활물질과 제2 음극활물질의 혼합비는 80:20 내지 99.95:0.05 중량비의 범위인 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극은 제1 음극활물질로서 평균 직경(D50)이 2 ㎛ 내지 30 ㎛인 흑연을 포함하고, 상기 제2 음극활물질로서 평균 직경(D50)이 50 nm 내지 10 ㎛인, Si 및 SiOx(여기서 x는 0<x<2)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하며, 상기 제1 음극활물질과 제2 음극활물질의 혼합비는 80:20 내지 99.95:0.05 중량비의 범위인 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 음극활물질 상에 제2 음극활물질이 코팅되거나, 상기 제2 음극활물질 상에 제1 음극활물질이 코팅되어 이루어지는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 음극활물질 및 제2 음극활물질은 혼합되거나, 서로 복합화되어 복합체 형태로 포함되는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극은 상기 제1 음극활물질보다 초기 충방전 효율이 더 높은 제3 음극활물질을 더 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극의 초기 방전은 1.5V 이하까지 수행되는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 양극은 양극활물질로서 LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, Li(NiaCobMnc)O2(여기서, 0<a<1, 0<b<1, 0<c<1, a+b+c=1), LiNi1-YCoYO2(여기서, 0≤Y<1), LiCo1-YMnYO2(여기서, 0≤Y<1), LiNi1-YMnYO2(여기서, 0≤Y<1), Li(NiaCobMnc)O4(0<a<2, 0<b<2, 0<c<2, a+b+c=2), Li(NiaCobAlc)O2(여기서, 0<a<1, 0<b<1, 0<c<1, a+b+c=1), LiMn2-zNizO4(여기서, 0<Z<2), LiMn2-zCozO4(여기서, 0<Z<2), Li(LiaMb-a-b'M'b')O2-cAc(여에서, 0≤a≤0.2, 0.6≤b≤1, 0≤b'≤0.2, 0≤c≤0.2이고; M은 Mn과, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Cu, Zn 및 Ti으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하며; M'는 Mg, Sr, Ba, Cd, Zn, Al, Ti, Fe, V 및 Li로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상이고, A는 P, F, S 및 N로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상임) 및 LixFePO4(0.5<x<1.3)로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제20항에 있어서,상기 양극은 양극활물질로서 Li(NiaCobMnc)O2(여기서, 0<a<1, 0<b<1, 0<c<0.5, a+b+c=1) 및 Li(NiaCobAlc)O2(여기서, 0<a<1, 0<b<1, 0<c<1, a+b+c=1) 및 이들의 혼합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나를 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극은 제1 음극활물질로 흑연을 포함하고, 제2 음극활물질로 Si계 또는 이의 산화물을 포함하며, 상기 양극은 양극활물질로 Li(NiaCobMnc)O2(여기서, 0<a<1, 0<b<1, 0<c<0.5, a+b+c=1), Li(NiaCobAlc)O2(여기서, 0<a<1, 0<b<1, 0<c<1, a+b+c=1) 또는 이들의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차전지.
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KR101374789B1 (ko) * | 2010-11-10 | 2014-03-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질 및 이를 구비하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20130129147A (ko) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-11-27 | 신에쓰 가가꾸 고교 가부시끼가이샤 | 리튬이온 이차전지 |
KR20140032834A (ko) * | 2012-09-07 | 2014-03-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 고에너지 밀도 리튬이차전지 |
Also Published As
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KR101697008B1 (ko) | 2017-01-16 |
US20160197340A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
EP3016197A1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
EP3016197B1 (en) | 2019-08-28 |
KR20160001651A (ko) | 2016-01-06 |
CN105474449A (zh) | 2016-04-06 |
US10263248B2 (en) | 2019-04-16 |
JP2016528706A (ja) | 2016-09-15 |
EP3016197A4 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
PL3016197T3 (pl) | 2019-12-31 |
CN105474449B (zh) | 2019-04-16 |
JP6269837B2 (ja) | 2018-01-31 |
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