WO2015199162A1 - 膜タンパク質の熱安定化変異体予測装置、熱安定化変異体予測方法、および、プログラム - Google Patents
膜タンパク質の熱安定化変異体予測装置、熱安定化変異体予測方法、および、プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- G16B15/00—ICT specially adapted for analysing two-dimensional or three-dimensional molecular structures, e.g. structural or functional relations or structure alignment
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- G16B20/00—ICT specially adapted for functional genomics or proteomics, e.g. genotype-phenotype associations
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- G16B20/00—ICT specially adapted for functional genomics or proteomics, e.g. genotype-phenotype associations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus for a membrane protein, a heat-stabilized mutant prediction method, and a program.
- G protein-coupled receptors which are receptors such as hormones and neurotransmitters, form about 800 families, and about 280 types are estimated to be drug discovery targets.
- each amino acid of the GPCR is exhaustively substituted with alanine, experimentally examined for mutation sites that lead to improved thermal stability, and combinations of these mutation sites STAR (registered trademark) technology is disclosed that greatly improves the thermal stability by performing crystal structure analysis and improves the thermal stability of other types of GPCRs by utilizing the similar structure of GPCRs. ing.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and can be used to predict amino acid mutations to be thermally stabilized in a membrane protein by a computer, a heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus, a heat-stabilized mutant prediction method, And it aims at providing a program.
- the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus of the present invention predicts a candidate amino acid mutant that heat-stabilizes a membrane protein, and includes a heat-stabilized mutation having a storage unit and a control unit.
- the storage unit stores the amino acid sequence of the membrane protein
- the control unit generates an amino acid sequence of the amino acid variant by introducing an amino acid mutation into the amino acid sequence of the membrane protein.
- the heat-stabilized mutant predicting apparatus of the present invention is the above-described heat-stabilized mutant predicting apparatus, wherein the calculating means is further configured for the membrane protein and each amino acid mutant based on the amino acid sequence.
- the calculating means is further configured for the membrane protein and each amino acid mutant based on the amino acid sequence.
- the heat-stabilized mutant predicting apparatus is the heat-stabilized mutant predicting apparatus described above, wherein the calculation means includes an excluded volume, an exposed surface area, an integrated value of an average curvature of the exposed surface, and an exposed surface.
- the solvation entropy change is calculated using an integrated methodology of morphometric expression and integral equation theory based on four geometric indicators of the integral value of the Gaussian curvature.
- the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus of the present invention is the above-mentioned heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus, wherein the storage unit further stores structure data of the membrane protein, and the calculation means includes the amino acid Structure optimization is performed based on the array and the structure data.
- the calculation means first fixes and minimizes heavy atoms of the membrane protein, and then C ⁇ The structure optimization is performed while removing the constraints stepwise by fixing and minimizing carbon and C ⁇ carbon, and finally minimizing without fixing.
- the heat-stabilized mutant predicting apparatus is the above-described heat-stabilized mutant predicting apparatus, wherein the calculation means has the tertiary structure obtained by extracting the transmembrane site after performing the structure optimization.
- a change between the solvation entropy and the solvation entropy of the secondary structure obtained by separating the tertiary structure is calculated as the solvation entropy change.
- the heat-stabilized mutant predicting apparatus is the above-described heat-stabilized mutant predicting apparatus, wherein the calculation means has the tertiary structure that has been subjected to the structure optimization after extracting the transmembrane site.
- a change between the solvation entropy and the solvation entropy of the secondary structure which has been subjected to the structure optimization after separating the extracted transmembrane site is calculated as the solvation entropy change.
- the heat-stabilized mutant predicting apparatus is the above-described heat-stabilized mutant predicting apparatus, wherein the calculation means has the tertiary structure obtained by extracting the transmembrane site after performing the structure optimization. Calculating the change in solvation entropy and the change in solvation entropy of the secondary structure obtained by extracting the transmembrane site and separating the transmembrane site and then optimizing the structure. To do.
- the heat-stabilized mutant predicting apparatus is the above-described heat-stabilized mutant predicting apparatus, wherein the calculation means has the tertiary structure obtained by extracting the transmembrane site after performing the structure optimization.
- a change between the solvation entropy and the solvation entropy of the primary structure obtained by extracting the transmembrane site and extending the transmembrane site and then optimizing the structure is calculated as the solvation entropy change. .
- the heat-stabilized mutant predicting apparatus is the above-described heat-stabilized mutant predicting apparatus, wherein the calculation means has the tertiary structure that has been subjected to the structure optimization after extracting the transmembrane site.
- a change between the solvation entropy and the solvation entropy of the primary structure obtained by extracting the transmembrane site and separating and extending the transmembrane site and then optimizing the structure is calculated as the solvation entropy change.
- the present invention also relates to a method for predicting a heat-stabilized variant, and is an amino acid that heat-stabilizes the membrane protein, which is executed in a computer having a storage unit and a control unit that store the amino acid sequence of the membrane protein.
- a heat-stabilized mutant prediction method for predicting a candidate for a mutant wherein a mutation introduction step of generating an amino acid sequence of the amino acid mutant by introducing an amino acid mutation into the amino acid sequence of the membrane protein; Calculate the solvation entropy change from the primary structure to the tertiary structure or from the secondary structure to the tertiary structure at the transmembrane site with structural optimization based on the amino acid sequence for the membrane protein and each amino acid variant The solvation entropy change in the membrane protein and the amino acid Based on the difference between the solvation entropy change in the acid mutant, characterized in that it comprises a and a candidate extraction step of extracting a candidate of amino acid variants for the heat stabilization.
- the present invention also relates to a program, which is executed on a computer having a storage unit and a control unit for storing the amino acid sequence of the membrane protein in order to predict amino acid variant candidates that thermally stabilize the membrane protein.
- Solvation entropy change and in the above amino acid variants Serial solvation based on the difference between the entropy change, characterized in that to execute a candidate extraction step of extracting a candidate of amino acid variants for the heat stabilization, the.
- the present invention also relates to a recording medium, and is characterized by recording the above-described program.
- the amino acid sequence of the membrane protein is stored, the amino acid sequence of the amino acid variant is generated by introducing an amino acid mutation into the amino acid sequence of the membrane protein, and the amino acid sequence of the membrane protein and each amino acid variant is determined.
- the candidate for the amino acid variant to be thermally stabilized is extracted, so that the amino acid mutation to be thermally stabilized in the membrane protein can be predicted by a computer (in silico). There is an effect.
- the present invention provides a morphometric expression and integral equation theory based on four geometrical indicators: the excluded volume, the exposed surface area, the integral value of the average curvature of the exposed surface, and the integral value of the Gaussian curvature of the exposed surface. Since the solvation entropy change is calculated using an integrated methodology, the solvation entropy can be calculated at high speed by simplifying and handling the solute form morphometrically.
- the present invention further stores structure data of membrane proteins and optimizes the structure based on the amino acid sequence and the structure data. Therefore, the structure can be accurately optimized using the known structure data. There is an effect that can be done.
- the heavy atoms of the membrane protein are fixed and minimized, then the C ⁇ carbon and C ⁇ carbon are fixed and minimized, and finally, minimization without fixation is performed, thereby restricting in stages. Since the structure is optimized while removing the above, it is possible to obtain a more accurate predicted structure.
- the present invention calculates the change between the solvation entropy of the tertiary structure obtained by extracting the transmembrane site after the structure optimization and the solvation entropy of the secondary structure from which the tertiary structure is separated as a solvation entropy change Therefore, it is possible to obtain a result with a relatively high predictive predictive value (5/11 as an example).
- the present invention provides a solvation entropy of a tertiary structure in which structure optimization is performed after taking out the transmembrane site, and a solvation entropy of secondary structure in which structure optimization is performed after separating the taken out transmembrane site. Is calculated as a change in solvation entropy, so that a result with a high predictive predictability (1/4 as an example) can be obtained.
- the present invention provides the solvation entropy of the tertiary structure in which the transmembrane site is taken out after performing the structure optimization, and the secondary structure in which the structure is optimized after taking out the transmembrane site and separating the transmembrane site. Since the change from the solvation entropy is calculated as the change in solvation entropy, it is possible to obtain a result with a high predictive predictability (3/11 as an example).
- the present invention provides a solvation entropy of the tertiary structure in which the transmembrane site is extracted after the structure optimization, and a primary structure solvent in which the structure optimization is performed after the transmembrane site is extracted and the transmembrane site is extended. Since the change from the sum entropy is calculated as the change in the solvation entropy, an effect is obtained that a result with a high predictive predictability (5/11 as an example) can be obtained.
- the present invention relates to the solvation entropy of the tertiary structure in which the structure is optimized after taking out the transmembrane site, and the primary structure in which the structure is optimized after taking out the transmembrane site and extending the transmembrane site. Since the change from the solvation entropy is calculated as the solvation entropy change, it is possible to obtain a result with a high predictive predictability (2/4 as an example).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing rotation, diffusion, inversion, and bending motions of phospholipid molecules in the lipid bilayer membrane.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing the sum R of the radii of hydrocarbon groups and spherical solutes. With the insertion of a spherical solute having 15 different diameters, 15 different sets of (R, S) are obtained.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing rotation, diffusion, inversion
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a two-stage model for forming a three-dimensional structure of a membrane protein.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a natural structure (NS) of Glycophorin A (GpA) composed of two structural units and a fake structure generated by replica exchange Monte Carlo simulation.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram plotting the least square deviation of the correct structure on the horizontal axis and the non-dimensionalized free energy difference on the vertical axis for the natural structure (NS) of GpA and 15,000 fake structures.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram plotting the least square deviation of the correct structure on the horizontal axis and the dimensionless energy component difference on the vertical axis for the natural structure (NS) of GpA and 15,000 fake structures.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a two-stage model for forming a three-dimensional structure of a membrane protein.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a natural structure (NS) of Glycophorin A (GpA) composed of two structural units
- FIG. 9 is a diagram plotting the least square deviation from the correct structure on the horizontal axis and the entropy component (solvation entropy) difference on the vertical axis for the natural structure (NS) of GpA and 15,000 fake structures.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of the present heat-stabilized mutant predicting apparatus 100 to which the present embodiment is applied, and conceptually shows only the part related to the present embodiment in the configuration.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing executed by the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100.
- FIG. 12 schematically shows a calculation method of the solvation entropy change ⁇ S w in the membrane protein and the solvation entropy change ⁇ S m in the amino acid mutant in the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100 of the present embodiment. It is a figure.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the structure is optimized after the helices in the systems 2 and 3 are separated.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a structure in which the helix is extended to the primary structure in the systems 4 and 5.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a procedure common to the methods 1 to 5 of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a processing example of method 1.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the structure is optimized after the helices in the systems 2 and 3 are separated.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a structure in which the helix is extended to the primary structure in the systems 4 and 5.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a processing example of method 2.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating a processing example of method 3.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating a processing example of method 4.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating a processing example of method 5.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the calculation results ( ⁇ S) according to methods 1 to 5 for mutants in which threonine at the 88th residue that is stabilized in the experiment is substituted with glutamic acid.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the calculation results - ⁇ S according to methods 1 to 5 for mutants in which serine at the 91st residue, which is stabilized (thermal denaturation temperature increased by 8 ° C.) in the experiment, is substituted with arginine.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the calculation result - ⁇ S according to methods 1 to 5 for a mutant in which cysteine at residue 245, which is destabilized in the experiment, is substituted with tryptophan.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the calculation result - ⁇ S according to methods 1 to 5 for a mutant in which alanine at the 51st residue, which is destabilized in the experiment, is substituted with tryptophan.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing the calculation results ⁇ S according to methods 1 to 5 for a mutant in which arginine is substituted for valine at the 239th residue, which is destabilized in the experiment.
- FIG. 26 is a table of prediction results of heat-stabilized mutants according to methods 1 to 5 for five amino acid mutations.
- FIG. 27 is a graph showing the calculation result of ⁇ S in method 1.
- FIG. 28 is a graph showing the calculation result of ⁇ S in method 2.
- FIG. 29 is a graph showing the calculation result of ⁇ S in method 3.
- FIG. 30 is a graph showing the calculation result of ⁇ S in method 4.
- FIG. 31 is a graph showing the calculation result of ⁇ S in method 5.
- FIG. 32 is a table of prediction results of heat-stabilized mutants according to methods 1 to 5 for each amino acid mutation.
- FIG. 33 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing executed by the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing the value of energy decrease when one intramolecular hydrogen bond is formed.
- FIG. 35 is a flowchart showing a processing example of ⁇ .
- FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating an example of a prediction result.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing the value of ⁇ F of methods 1 to 5 for S91R.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram showing the value of ⁇ F of methods 1 to 5 for S91K.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram showing ⁇ F values of methods 1 to 5 for L85R.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram showing the value of ⁇ F of methods 1 to 5 for N280R.
- FIG. 41 is a diagram showing the value of ⁇ F of methods 1 to 5 for N181K.
- FIG. 42 is a diagram illustrating an example of a prediction result.
- FIG. 43 is a diagram illustrating the value of ⁇ S of the methods 1 to 5 with respect to S91R.
- FIG. 44 is a diagram showing the value of ⁇ S of methods 1 to 5 with respect to S91K.
- FIG. 45 is a diagram showing the value of ⁇ S of methods 1 to 5 for L85R.
- FIG. 46 is a diagram showing the value of ⁇ S of methods 1 to 5 for N280R.
- FIG. 47 is a diagram showing the value of ⁇ S of the methods 1 to 5 for N181K.
- thermostable mutant prediction apparatus a thermostable mutant prediction method, and a program according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
- this invention is not limited by this embodiment.
- the main focus is on the entropy effect resulting from the translational movement of CH, CH 2 , and CH 3 groups (assuming these aggregates are solvents) constituting the hydrophobic chain of the phospholipid molecule
- the purpose is to theoretically predict changes in solvation entropy of membrane proteins due to amino acid substitution.
- “Energy reduction associated with intramolecular hydrogen bond formation number of intramolecular hydrogen bonds * D” is calculated on the basis of a completely extended structure (having no intramolecular hydrogen bond).
- D is a value of energy reduction when one intramolecular hydrogen bond is formed. Further, D may be an energy decrease value (for example, ⁇ 14 k B T 0 etc.) generated when formamide forms one hydrogen bond in a nonpolar solvent.
- “energy reduction associated with intramolecular hydrogen bond formation number of intramolecular hydrogen bonds * ( ⁇ 14 k B T 0 ) ”may be calculated.
- ⁇ 14 k B T 0 is an energy decrease value generated when formamide forms one hydrogen bond in a nonpolar solvent.
- entropy loss occurs when protein is inserted into the membrane due to the intense thermal motion of phospholipids.
- Entropy is represented by the translational configuration entropy of the hydrocarbon group population of phospholipid molecules.
- the magnitude of the loss is expressed as a function of the three-dimensional structure, and the three-dimensional structure in which the loss is minimized is stabilized.
- S is the translational arrangement entropy loss (negative) of the hydrocarbon group population accompanying insertion.
- S is solvation entropy (entropy loss of solvent generated when a solute fixed in a certain three-dimensional structure is inserted into the solvent: negative amount).
- a high-speed calculation may be realized by using an integrated methodology of morphometric expression and integral equation theory devised by the present inventors.
- the exclusion space is “a space in which the center of the solvent molecule cannot enter”, the volume of the exclusion space is the exclusion volume V, and the surface area of the exclusion space is the exposed surface area A.
- the coefficients C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , and C 4 of the four morphological indices do not depend on the geometric properties of the solute, so that they have a simplified form (for example, a sphere). Can be handled. Therefore, the entropy loss accompanying the insertion of spherical solutes having various diameters is calculated by considering the shape as a simplified sphere.
- the hydrocarbon group population is modeled and calculated as a hard sphere solvent using integral equation theory. According to the morphometric expression for the spherical solute, the following equation is obtained.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing the sum R of the radii of hydrocarbon groups and spherical solutes. For example, with the insertion of a spherical solute having 15 different diameters, 15 different sets of (R, S) are obtained.
- Integral equation theory starts with the partition function of the system and defines various distribution functions (correlation functions) while deriving the relational expressions established between them. As far as the equilibrium structure and physical properties are concerned, it is a technique that enables analysis at the same level as computer simulation. Targeting an infinitely large system and taking the average of physical quantities for an infinite number of microscopic states, it is unrelated to problems such as “system size may be too small; statistical error is inevitable” is there.
- thermodynamic quantities that represent specific properties can be obtained (can be extended to multi-component solvents).
- thermodynamic quantity of solvation is a change in the thermodynamic quantity that occurs when a solute (fixed solid structure) is inserted into the solvent.
- a solute fixed solid structure
- thermodynamic quantity of solvation is a change in the thermodynamic quantity that occurs when a solute (fixed solid structure) is inserted into the solvent.
- a solute fixed solid structure
- a solute having an arbitrary shape and polyatomic structure can be directly handled (three-dimensional integral equation theory).
- integral equation theory is superior to the computer simulation, but mathematical and numerical analysis is considerably required when solving the basic equation. In the form, this is solved by integration with the morphometric indicators described above.
- this embodiment creates an amino acid sequence of an amino acid variant in which each amino acid residue of a membrane protein is substituted with all amino acids other than Gly and Pro.
- a mutant membrane protein can be obtained by introducing an amino acid mutation into a wild-type membrane protein.
- the amino acid mutation may be an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted, or added in the original amino acid sequence.
- an amino acid sequence of an amino acid variant in which each amino acid residue of a membrane protein is substituted with all amino acids including Gly and Pro may be created.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a two-stage model for formation of a three-dimensional structure of a membrane protein (reference: curr.opin.struct.biol.2011, 21: 460-466).
- Stage 1 relates to the stage in which membrane proteins form secondary structures from primary structures. More specifically, ⁇ -helix structural units are individually stabilized in the membrane to form as many intramolecular hydrogen structures as possible (step 1). In the lipid bilayer, the ⁇ helix is more advantageous than the ⁇ sheet.
- Stage 2 relates to the stage in which the membrane protein forms a secondary structure from a secondary structure within the membrane. More specifically, side chains are filled between structural units such as ⁇ helix (step 2).
- the solvation entropy change from the primary structure through stages 1 and 2 to the tertiary structure formation may be obtained, or the solvation entropy change from the secondary structure through stage 2 to the tertiary structure formation may be obtained.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a natural structure (NS) of Glycophorin A (GpA) composed of two structural units and a fake structure generated by replica exchange Monte Carlo simulation.
- the lower structure is a diagram when the upper structure is viewed from the illustrated viewpoint. As shown in FIG. 6, although the ⁇ helix structure as the secondary structure itself is the same, the positional relationship between the ⁇ helices in the tertiary structure is different.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram in which the abscissa represents the least-square deviation from the correct structure and the ordinate represents the dimensionless free energy difference for the natural structure (NS) of GpA and 15,000 fake structures.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram plotting the least square deviation of the correct structure on the horizontal axis and the dimensionless energy component difference on the vertical axis for the natural structure (NS) of GpA and 15,000 fake structures.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram in which the abscissa represents the least square deviation from the correct structure and the ordinate represents the difference in entropy component (solvation entropy) for the natural structure (NS) of GpA and 15,000 impersonal structures. .
- the correct structure can be correctly extracted without detecting false positives based on the difference in solvation entropy change, which is an index in the present embodiment. This is because in the natural structure, the side chains are filled between the structural units so that the entropy of the hydrocarbon group population is maximized.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of the present heat-stabilized mutant predicting apparatus 100 to which the present embodiment is applied, and conceptually shows only the part related to the present embodiment in the configuration.
- the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100 in the present embodiment schematically includes at least a control unit 102 and a storage unit 106.
- the input / output control interface unit 108 further includes A communication control interface unit 104 is provided.
- the control unit 102 is a CPU or the like that comprehensively controls the entire heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100.
- the communication control interface unit 104 is an interface connected to a communication device (not shown) such as a router connected to a communication line, and the input / output control interface unit 108 is connected to the input unit 114 and the output unit 116.
- the storage unit 106 is a device that stores various databases and tables.
- Each part of these heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatuses 100 is communicably connected via an arbitrary communication path. Further, the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100 is communicably connected to the network 300 via a communication device such as a router and a wired or wireless communication line such as a dedicated line.
- a communication device such as a router and a wired or wireless communication line such as a dedicated line.
- the various databases and tables (such as the structure file 106a and the array file 106b) stored in the storage unit 106 are storage means such as a fixed disk device.
- the storage unit 106 stores various programs, tables, files, databases, web pages, and the like used for various processes.
- the structure file 106a is a structure data storage unit that stores the structure data of the membrane protein.
- the structure file 106a may store the structure data of the membrane protein that has been subjected to the crystal structure analysis, which is input via the input unit 114.
- the structure data in the structure file 106a may include coordinates of each atom in a two-dimensional space or a three-dimensional space.
- the sequence file 106b is sequence data storage means for storing sequence data of membrane proteins.
- the sequence file 106b may store sequence data of membrane proteins and the like input via the input unit 114.
- the input / output control interface unit 108 controls the input unit 114 and the output unit 116.
- the output unit 116 a speaker can be used in addition to a monitor (including a home television) (hereinafter, the output unit 116 may be described as a monitor).
- the input unit 114 a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, and the like can be used.
- control unit 102 has a control program such as an OS (Operating System), a program defining various processing procedures, and an internal memory for storing necessary data. And the control part 102 performs the information processing for performing various processes by these programs.
- the control unit 102 includes a mutation introduction unit 102a, a calculation unit 102b, and a candidate extraction unit 102c in terms of functional concept.
- the mutation introducing unit 102a generates an amino acid sequence of an amino acid variant (hereinafter simply referred to as “mutant”) by introducing an amino acid mutation into each amino acid sequence of the membrane protein. It is a means for introducing mutation.
- the mutation introducing unit 102a may generate an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted, or added to the original amino acid sequence as a mutant.
- the calculation unit 102b calculates from the primary structure to the tertiary structure or from the secondary structure to the tertiary structure in the transmembrane region with the structure optimization based on the amino acid sequence for the membrane protein wild type and each variant. This is a calculation means for calculating solvation entropy changes - ⁇ S w , - ⁇ S m .
- the calculation unit 102b uses a morphometric expression based on four geometric indexes, that is, an excluded volume V, an exposed surface area A, an integrated value X of the average curvature of the exposed surface, and an integrated value Y of the Gaussian curvature of the exposed surface.
- the solvation entropy may be calculated using an integrated methodology of and the integral equation theory.
- the calculation unit 102b may perform the structure optimization based on not only the amino acid sequence stored in the sequence file 106b but also the structure data stored in the structure file 106a. In addition, the calculation unit 102b first fixes and minimizes the heavy atoms of the membrane protein, then fixes and minimizes the C ⁇ carbon and C ⁇ carbon, and finally minimizes without fixing. Structural optimization may be performed while removing the constraint. In addition, the calculation unit 102b may perform structure optimization by using another structure optimization method such as Modeller.
- the calculation unit 102b may calculate the solvation entropy change by any one of the following methods 1 to 5.
- Method 1 Change of solvation entropy of tertiary structure from which transmembrane site was taken out after structure optimization and solvation entropy of secondary structure from which tertiary structure was separated
- Method 2 Structure after taking out transmembrane site Changes in the solvation entropy of the optimized tertiary structure and the solvation entropy of the secondary structure that has been optimized after separating the extracted transmembrane site
- Method 3 After the structure optimization, the membrane Change between the solvation entropy of the tertiary structure from which the penetrating site has been extracted and the solvation entropy of the secondary structure to which the structure has been optimized after extracting the transmembrane site and separating the transmembrane site
- Method 4 Structure optimization The solvation entropy of the tertiary structure from which the transmembrane
- the above is an example of the configuration of the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100 in the present embodiment.
- the heat-stabilized mutant prediction device 100 may be connected to the external system 200 via the network 300.
- the communication control interface unit 104 performs communication control between the heat-stabilized mutant prediction device 100 and the network 300 (or a communication device such as a router). That is, the communication control interface unit 104 has a function of communicating data with other terminals via a communication line.
- the network 300 has a function of connecting the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100 and the external system 200 to each other, and is, for example, the Internet.
- the external system 200 is connected to the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100 via the network 300, and is connected to an external database related to various data such as structure data, sequence data, parameters, and simulation result data.
- the information processing apparatus has a function of providing a program or the like for causing the heat-stabilized mutant prediction method to be executed.
- the external system 200 may be configured as a WEB server, an ASP server, or the like.
- the hardware configuration of the external system 200 may be configured by an information processing apparatus such as a commercially available workstation or a personal computer and its attached devices.
- Each function of the external system 200 is realized by a CPU, a disk device, a memory device, an input device, an output device, a communication control device, and the like in the hardware configuration of the external system 200 and a program for controlling them.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing executed by the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100.
- the mutation introducing unit 102a generates an amino acid sequence of the mutant Mt by introducing an amino acid mutation into the amino acid sequence of the membrane protein stored in the sequence file 106b (step). SA-1).
- the mutation introducing unit 102a may generate a mutant Mt into which an amino acid mutation such as one amino acid deletion, one amino acid substitution, or one amino acid addition is introduced.
- the calculation unit 102b calculates from the primary structure to the tertiary structure or from the secondary structure to the tertiary structure in the transmembrane region with the structure optimization based on the amino acid sequence for the membrane protein wild-type Wt and each mutant Mt.
- the solvation entropy changes up to - ⁇ S w and ⁇ S m are calculated (step SA-2). Note that the calculation unit 102b may calculate the change in solvation entropy by any one of methods 1 to 5 described later.
- the calculation unit 102b uses a morphometric expression based on four geometric indexes, that is, an excluded volume V, an exposed surface area A, an integrated value X of the average curvature of the exposed surface, and an integrated value Y of the Gaussian curvature of the exposed surface.
- the solvation entropy may be calculated using an integrated methodology of and the integral equation theory.
- the calculation unit 102b may perform the structure optimization based on not only the amino acid sequence stored in the sequence file 106b but also the structure data stored in the structure file 106a.
- the calculation unit 102b first fixes and minimizes the heavy atoms of the membrane protein, then fixes and minimizes the C ⁇ carbon and C ⁇ carbon, and finally minimizes without fixing. Structural optimization may be performed while removing the constraint.
- the candidate extraction unit 102c extracts a candidate for the mutant Mt to be thermally stabilized based on the calculated difference ⁇ S (step SA-4). For example, the candidate extraction unit 102c may determine that the thermal stabilization is performed when ⁇ S is a negative value and that the thermal extraction is performed when ⁇ S is positive. As an example, the candidate extraction unit 102c may extract a mutant Mt whose ⁇ S is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold as a candidate for a mutant Mt to be thermally stabilized.
- FIG. 12 schematically shows a calculation method of the solvation entropy change ⁇ S w in the membrane protein wild-type Wt and the solvation entropy change ⁇ S m in the mutant Mt in the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100 of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 12 schematically shows a calculation method of the solvation entropy change ⁇ S w in the membrane protein wild-type Wt and the solvation entropy change ⁇ S m in the mutant Mt in the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100 of the present embodiment.
- the solvation entropy difference ⁇ S between the state in which ⁇ helices are separated from each other and the state in which they are packed is expressed as solvation. Obtained as entropy change.
- the calculation unit 102b may calculate the change in solvation entropy by any one of the following methods 1 to 5.
- Method 1 is a method for obtaining a change - ⁇ S between the solvation entropy S of the tertiary structure obtained by extracting the transmembrane site after the structure optimization and the solvation entropy S of the secondary structure separated from the tertiary structure.
- scheme 1 does not consider refilling of the side chains of the detached helix.
- Method 2 includes a tertiary structure solvation entropy S in which the structure optimization is performed after the transmembrane site is extracted, and a secondary structure solvation entropy S in which the structure optimization is performed after separating the extracted transmembrane site.
- This is a method for obtaining - ⁇ S.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the structure is optimized after the helices in the systems 2 and 3 are separated.
- Method 3 is a tertiary structure solvation entropy S in which the transmembrane site is extracted after structure optimization, and a secondary structure solvent in which the transmembrane site is extracted and separated from the transmembrane site.
- This is a method for obtaining a change - ⁇ S with respect to the sum entropy S. As shown in FIG. 13, schemes 2 and 3 optimize the structure of each separated helix and take into account refilling of the side chains.
- Method 4 includes the solvation entropy S of the tertiary structure in which the transmembrane site is extracted after the structure optimization, and the solvation of the primary structure in which the structure optimization is performed after the transmembrane site is extracted and the transmembrane site is extended. This is a method for obtaining a change - ⁇ S from the entropy S.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a structure in which the helix is extended to the primary structure in the systems 4 and 5.
- Method 5 is a tertiary structure solvation entropy S that has been optimized after extracting the transmembrane site, and the primary structure that has been optimized after the transmembrane site has been extracted and stretched away from the transmembrane site.
- This is a method for obtaining a change - ⁇ S from the solvation entropy S.
- entropy change accompanying the formation of the helix of the stage 1 in the two-stage model is also taken into consideration.
- the loop structure is also considered when the packed structure is minimized.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a procedure common to the systems 1 to 5 of the present embodiment.
- the crystal structure of human-derived adenosine A2a receptor (PDB code; 3vg9) was used as wild-type Wt.
- the calculation unit 102b performs hydrogenation on the crystal structure of A2aR using the CHARMM program and the MMTSB program as an example (hereinafter, referred to as the process).
- This structure is referred to as structure ⁇ 1>).
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a processing example of method 1.
- Method 1 As shown in FIG. 16, first, for the structure ⁇ 1> of wild-type Wt, the calculation unit 102b uses the CHARMM program to fix and minimize the heavy atoms of the membrane protein to fix the C ⁇ carbon and C ⁇ carbon.
- the structure is optimized in the order of minimizing and minimizing without fixing, stepwise removing the constraints (step S1-1). Hereinafter, this process is simply referred to as “structure optimization”.
- the calculation unit 102b extracts only the transmembrane site and calculates the solvation entropy ( ⁇ S w ) (step S1-2).
- the calculation unit 102b calculates the total solvation entropy ( ⁇ S ′ w ) of the structure in which the respective helices are separated (step S1-3).
- the mutation introducing unit 102a replaces the amino acid residue of the structure ⁇ 1> based on the sequence data stored in the sequence file 106b (step S1-a).
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes the structure (step S1-b).
- the calculation unit 102b extracts only the transmembrane site and calculates the solvation entropy ( ⁇ S m ) (step S1-c).
- the calculation unit 102b calculates the sum ( ⁇ S ′ m ) of the solvation entropy of the structure in which the respective helices are separated (step S1-d).
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a processing example of method 2. As shown in FIG. 17, first, for the structure ⁇ 1> of wild-type Wt, the calculation unit 102b extracts only the transmembrane site of structure ⁇ 1> (referred to as structure ⁇ 2>) (step S2-1).
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes the structure, and calculates its solvation entropy ( ⁇ S w ) (step S2-2).
- the calculation unit 102b separates the helix of the structure ⁇ 2> (Step S2-3).
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes the structure of each helix and calculates the sum of solvation entropy ( ⁇ S ′ w ) (step S2-4).
- the mutation introducing part 102a substitutes the amino acid residue of the structure ⁇ 2> (this structure is referred to as the structure ⁇ 3>) (step S2-a).
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes the structure and calculates the solvation entropy ( ⁇ S m ) (step S2-b).
- the calculation unit 102b separates the helix of the structure ⁇ 3> (Step S2-c).
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes the structure of each helix, and calculates the sum ( ⁇ S ′ m ) of solvation entropy (step S2-d).
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating a processing example of method 3. As shown in FIG. 18, for the structure ⁇ 1> of wild-type Wt, the calculation unit 102b first optimizes the structure of the structure ⁇ 1> (step S3-1).
- the calculation unit 102b extracts only the transmembrane site and calculates its solvation entropy ( ⁇ S w ) (step S3-2).
- the calculation unit 102b takes out the transmembrane site of the structure ⁇ 1> and separates the helix structure (step S3-3).
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes the structure of each helix, and calculates the sum ( ⁇ S ′ w ) of solvation entropy (step S3-4).
- the mutation introducing unit 102a replaces the amino acid residue of the structure ⁇ 1> (this structure is referred to as the structure ⁇ 4>) (step S3-a).
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes the structure of the structure ⁇ 4> (Step S3-b).
- the calculation unit 102b extracts only the transmembrane site and calculates its solvation entropy ( ⁇ S m ) (step S3-c).
- the calculation unit 102b extracts only the transmembrane site of the structure ⁇ 4> and separates the helix structure (step S3-d).
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes the structure of each helix, and calculates the total solvation entropy ( ⁇ S ′ m ) (step S3-e).
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating a processing example of method 4. As shown in FIG. 19, first, for the structure ⁇ 1> of wild-type Wt, the calculation unit 102b optimizes the structure of the structure ⁇ 1> (step S4-1).
- the calculation unit 102b extracts only the transmembrane site and calculates its solvation entropy ( ⁇ S w ) (step S4-2).
- the calculation unit 102b takes out the transmembrane site of the structure ⁇ 1> and creates a completely extended structure (step S4-3).
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes each stretched structure, and calculates the total solvation entropy ( ⁇ S ′ w ) (step S4-4).
- the mutation introducing unit 102a replaces the amino acid residue of the structure ⁇ 1> (this structure is referred to as the structure ⁇ 4>) (step S4-a).
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes the structure of the structure ⁇ 4> (Step S4-b).
- the calculation unit 102b extracts only the transmembrane site and calculates its solvation entropy ( ⁇ S m ) (step S4-c).
- the calculation unit 102b extracts only the transmembrane site of the structure ⁇ 4> and creates a completely extended structure (step S4-d).
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes the stretched structure, and calculates the total solvation entropy ( ⁇ S ′ m ) (step S4-e).
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating a processing example of method 5. As shown in FIG. 20, first, with respect to the structure ⁇ 1> of wild-type Wt, the calculation unit 102b extracts only the transmembrane site of structure ⁇ 1> (referred to as structure ⁇ 2>) (step S5-1).
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes the structure and calculates the solvation entropy ( ⁇ S w ) (step S5-2).
- the calculation unit 102b separates the helix of the structure ⁇ 2> and creates a completely extended structure (step S5-3).
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes the stretched structure, and calculates the total solvation entropy ( ⁇ S ′ w ) (step S5-4).
- the mutation introduction part 102a substitutes the amino acid residue of the structure ⁇ 2> (step S5-a).
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes the structure of the structure ⁇ 3>, and calculates its solvation entropy ( ⁇ S m ) (step S5-b).
- the calculation unit 102b separates the helix of the structure ⁇ 3> and creates a completely extended structure (step S5-c).
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes the stretched structure, and calculates the total solvation entropy ( ⁇ S ′ m ) (step S5-d).
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the calculation results ( ⁇ S) according to methods 1 to 5 for mutants in which threonine at the 88th residue that is stabilized in the experiment is substituted with glutamic acid.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the calculation results - ⁇ S according to methods 1 to 5 for mutants in which serine at the 91st residue, which is stabilized (thermal denaturation temperature increased by 8 ° C.) in the experiment, is substituted with arginine.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the calculation result - ⁇ S according to methods 1 to 5 for a mutant in which cysteine at residue 245, which is destabilized in the experiment, is substituted with tryptophan.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the calculation result - ⁇ S according to methods 1 to 5 for a mutant in which alanine at the 51st residue, which is destabilized in the experiment, is substituted with tryptophan.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing the calculation results ⁇ S according to methods 1 to 5 for a mutant in which arginine is substituted for valine at the 239th residue, which is destabilized in the experiment.
- FIG. 26 is a table of prediction results of heat-stabilized mutants according to methods 1 to 5 for five amino acid mutations.
- a circle indicates a prediction success, and a cross indicates a prediction failure.
- a minus sign indicates stabilization, and a plus sign indicates instability.
- the prediction success rate of method 5 was high for five amino acid mutations.
- methods 1 and 2 are combined and both result in stability (negative number)
- prediction as a stabilizing mutant candidate may be performed.
- FIG. 32 is a table of prediction results of heat-stabilized mutants according to methods 1 to 5 for each amino acid mutation. A circle indicates that the prediction has succeeded, a cross indicates that the prediction has failed, and a blank indicates that the calculation has been excluded.
- a minus sign indicates stabilization, and a plus sign indicates instability.
- glycine such as G114A, G118A, G123A, and G152A is substituted with alanine, the degree of freedom of the structure is greatly changed. And left blank.
- the P149A and E151A residues are excluded from the calculation because they are loop portions where no crystal structure is obtained, and are left blank. Since H075A, T119A, K122A, A203L, A204L, A231L, and L235A are amino acid residues outside the membrane, replacement is not performed in methods 2 and 5 in which substitution is performed after taking out the transmembrane site. .
- T088A is a substitution that greatly improves the stability, but could be predicted to be stabilized by any of the calculation methods 1 to 5. Therefore, if a substitution that is predicted to be stabilized by any of the calculation methods 1 to 5 is selected, it can be expected that a mutant with greatly improved stability can be predicted.
- FIG. 33 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing executed by the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100.
- the mutation introducing unit 102a first generates an amino acid sequence of the mutant Mt by introducing an amino acid mutation into the amino acid sequence of the membrane protein wild type Wt stored in the sequence file 106b. (Step SB-1).
- the mutation introducing unit 102a may generate a mutant Mt into which an amino acid mutation such as one amino acid deletion, one amino acid substitution, or one amino acid addition is introduced.
- the calculation unit 102b calculates from the primary structure to the tertiary structure or from the secondary structure to the tertiary structure in the transmembrane region with the structure optimization based on the amino acid sequence for the membrane protein wild-type Wt and each mutant Mt.
- the solvation entropy changes up to - ⁇ Sw, - ⁇ Sm were calculated, and for the membrane protein wild-type Wt and each mutant Mt, from the primary structure to the tertiary structure formation at the transmembrane site with structural optimization based on the amino acid sequence
- energy changes ⁇ w and ⁇ m from the secondary structure to the tertiary structure formation are calculated (step SB-2).
- the calculation unit 102b may calculate a change in solvation entropy by any one of the above-described methods 1 to 5.
- the calculation unit 102b uses a morphometric expression based on four geometric indexes, that is, an excluded volume V, an exposed surface area A, an integrated value X of the average curvature of the exposed surface, and an integrated value Y of the Gaussian curvature of the exposed surface.
- the solvation entropy may be calculated using an integrated methodology of and the integral equation theory.
- the calculation unit 102b may perform the structure optimization based on not only the amino acid sequence stored in the sequence file 106b but also the structure data stored in the structure file 106a. In addition, the calculation unit 102b first fixes and minimizes the heavy atoms of the membrane protein, then fixes and minimizes the C ⁇ carbon and C ⁇ carbon, and finally minimizes without fixing. Structural optimization may be performed while removing the constraint.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing the value of energy decrease when one intramolecular hydrogen bond is formed.
- the free energy function F for membrane protein is expressed by the following equation.
- F -TS + ⁇ (T: absolute temperature, S: entropy component, ⁇ : energy component)
- D is D 0 when the distance between the centers of the atoms of the donor and the acceptor is less than 1.5 mm (that is, energy reduction of D 0 is given), and the distance between the centers is 1
- the value decreases linearly from 0 to D 0 (that is, the energy decreases linearly)
- the center-to-center distance is 3.0 mm or more, 0 (That is, no energy reduction is given).
- D 0 may be ⁇ 4 k B T.
- FIG. 35 is a flowchart showing a processing example of ⁇ .
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes the structure ⁇ 1> of the membrane protein wild type Wt (step S6-1).
- the calculation unit 102b extracts only the transmembrane (interpenetration) site and calculates the energy ( ⁇ w ) (step S6-2).
- the mutation introducing unit 102a substitutes the amino acid residue of the structure ⁇ 1> (this structure is referred to as the structure ⁇ 4>) (step S6-a).
- the calculation unit 102b optimizes the structure of the structure ⁇ 4> (Step S6-b).
- the calculation unit 102b extracts only the transmembrane site and calculates its energy ( ⁇ m ) (step S6-c).
- the candidate extraction unit 102c extracts a candidate for the mutant Mt to be thermally stabilized based on ⁇ F that is the sum of the calculated ⁇ and ⁇ T ⁇ S (step SB-4). For example, the candidate extraction unit 102c determines that ⁇ F (amount of change due to amino acid substitution due to a decrease in free energy of the system due to folding) is a negative value, and that it is thermally unstable when ⁇ F is positive. Also good. As an example, the candidate extraction unit 102c may extract a mutant Mt having ⁇ F that is equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold as a candidate for a mutant Mt to be thermally stabilized.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating an example of a prediction result.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing ⁇ F values of methods 1 to 5 for S91R.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram showing the value of ⁇ F of methods 1 to 5 for S91K.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram showing ⁇ F values of methods 1 to 5 for L85R.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram showing the value of ⁇ F of methods 1 to 5 for N280R.
- FIG. 41 is a diagram showing the value of ⁇ F of methods 1 to 5 for N181K.
- FIG. 42 is a diagram illustrating an example of a prediction result.
- FIG. 42 is a diagram illustrating an example of a prediction result.
- FIG. 43 is a diagram illustrating the value of ⁇ S of the methods 1 to 5 with respect to S91R.
- FIG. 44 is a diagram showing the value of ⁇ S of methods 1 to 5 with respect to S91K.
- FIG. 45 is a diagram showing the value of ⁇ S of methods 1 to 5 for L85R.
- FIG. 46 is a diagram showing the value of ⁇ S of methods 1 to 5 for N280R.
- FIG. 47 is a diagram showing the value of ⁇ S of the methods 1 to 5 for N181K.
- ⁇ F for these five amino acid substitutions is a negative value regardless of which of the methods 1 to 5 is used. It was predicted to be a mutant to be converted (shown in the column of method 1 to method 5 in FIG. 36 (-)).
- ⁇ F for these five amino acid substitutions is a negative value and stable regardless of which of methods 1 to 5 is used. It was predicted to be a mutant to be converted (shown in the column of method 1 to method 5 in FIG. 42 (-)).
- a high prediction success rate can be obtained both when the heat-stabilized mutant prediction using ⁇ S is performed and when the heat-stabilized mutant prediction using ⁇ F is performed. I understood that.
- the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100 performs processing in a stand-alone form
- the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100 performs processing in response to a request from a client terminal
- the processing result may be returned to the client terminal.
- all or a part of the processes described as being automatically performed can be manually performed, or all of the processes described as being manually performed can be performed.
- a part can be automatically performed by a known method.
- each illustrated component is functionally conceptual and does not necessarily need to be physically configured as illustrated.
- the processing functions provided in each device of the heat-stabilized mutant prediction device 100 are all or any part of the CPU (Central Processing Unit) and the CPU. It may be realized by a program that is interpreted and executed by, or may be realized as hardware by wired logic. The program is recorded on a recording medium to be described later, and is mechanically read by the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100 as necessary. That is, in the storage unit 106 such as a ROM or HD, a computer program for performing various processes by giving instructions to the CPU in cooperation as an OS (Operating System) is recorded. This computer program is executed by being loaded into the RAM, and constitutes a control unit in cooperation with the CPU.
- OS Operating System
- the computer program may be stored in an application program server connected to the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100 via an arbitrary network 300, and the computer program may be downloaded in whole or in part as necessary. It is also possible to do.
- the program according to the present invention may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium, or may be configured as a program product.
- the “recording medium” includes a memory card, USB memory, SD card, flexible disk, magneto-optical disk, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM, MO, DVD, and Blu-ray (registered trademark). It includes any “portable physical medium” such as Disc.
- program is a data processing method described in an arbitrary language or description method, and may be in any form such as source code or binary code. Note that the “program” is not necessarily limited to a single configuration, but is distributed in the form of a plurality of modules and libraries, or in cooperation with a separate program typified by an OS (Operating System). Including those that achieve the function.
- OS Operating System
- a well-known structure and procedure can be used about the specific structure for reading a recording medium in each apparatus shown in embodiment, a reading procedure, or the installation procedure after reading.
- Various databases and the like (structure file 106a, array file 106b, etc.) stored in the storage unit 106 are storage means such as a memory device such as RAM and ROM, a fixed disk device such as a hard disk, a flexible disk, and an optical disk.
- Various programs, tables, databases, web page files, and the like used for various processes and website provision are stored.
- the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100 may be configured as an information processing apparatus such as a known personal computer or workstation, or may be configured by connecting any peripheral device to the information processing apparatus. Good.
- the heat-stabilized mutant prediction apparatus 100 may be realized by installing software (including programs, data, and the like) that causes the information processing apparatus to realize the method of the present invention.
- the specific form of distribution / integration of the devices is not limited to that shown in the figure, and all or a part of them may be functional or physical in arbitrary units according to various additions or according to functional loads. Can be distributed and integrated. That is, the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined and may be selectively implemented.
Abstract
Description
以下、本発明の実施形態の概要を説明するために、まず本願発明者らにより開発された形態計測学的表現と積分方程式論の統合型方法論について説明し、その後、本実施形態の概要、構成および処理等について詳細に説明する。
本願発明者らは、水分子の並進移動に起因したエントロピー効果に主眼を置き、独自に開発した液体の統計力学理論と形態計測学的アプローチの統合型方法論により、水溶液中におけるタンパク質の熱変性の描像を与えることに成功した。
F=-TS+Λ
(T:絶対温度、S:エントロピー成分、Λ:エネルギー成分)
F/(kBT0)=-S/kB+Λ/(kBT0)
S/kB=C1V+C2A+C3X+C4Y
「Xへの寄与=平均曲率1/rにその球の露出表面積ξを乗じたもの;
Yへの寄与=ガウス曲率1/r2にξを乗じたもの」である。
S/kB=C1(4πR3/3)+C2(4πR2)+C3(4πR)+C4(4π),
R=(dU+dS)/2
ここで、dSは溶媒分子直径,dUは球状(剛体球)溶質直径である。複数の異なる直径(0<dU≦30dSの範囲内で15通り程度)を有する孤立剛体球溶質のSを積分方程式論を用いて計算し、上記の式を適用して最小2乗法によってC1~C4を決定する。一旦C1~C4が決まると、それらを任意の立体構造を持つタンパク質に対しても使用する。すなわち、V,A,X,Yを計算するだけで直ちに式からSが得られる。ただし、C1~C4は溶媒の種類や熱力学条件(温度,圧力など)には大きく依存する。
つづいて、本実施の形態の概要について説明する。
次に、本実施形態における熱安定化変異体予測装置100の構成について図10を参照して説明する。図10は、本実施形態が適用される本熱安定化変異体予測装置100の一例を示すブロック図であり、該構成のうち本実施形態に関係する部分のみを概念的に示している。
方式1:構造最適化を行ってから膜貫通部位を取り出した三次構造の溶媒和エントロピーと、三次構造を引き離した二次構造の溶媒和エントロピーとの変化
方式2:膜貫通部位を取り出してから構造最適化を行った三次構造の溶媒和エントロピーと、取り出した当該膜貫通部位を引き離したのち構造最適化を行った二次構造の溶媒和エントロピーとの変化
方式3:構造最適化を行ってから膜貫通部位を取り出した三次構造の溶媒和エントロピーと、膜貫通部位を取り出し当該膜貫通部位を引き離したのち構造最適化を行った二次構造の溶媒和エントロピーとの変化
方式4:構造最適化を行ってから膜貫通部位を取り出した三次構造の溶媒和エントロピーと、膜貫通部位を取り出し当該膜貫通部位を伸ばしたのち構造最適化を行った一次構造の溶媒和エントロピーとの変化
方式5:膜貫通部位を取り出してから構造最適化を行った三次構造の溶媒和エントロピーと、膜貫通部位を取り出し当該膜貫通部位を引き離して伸ばしたのち構造最適化を行った一次構造の溶媒和エントロピーとの変化
S:(ある構造の)溶媒和エントロピー
-ΔS:(ある構造から他の構造への)溶媒和エントロピー変化
-ΔΔS:(変異前のタンパク質と変異体との間の)溶媒和エントロピー変化の差分
次に、このように構成された本実施形態における熱安定化変異体予測装置100の処理の一例について、以下に図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
つづいて、上述した処理を基礎として、具体的な5種類の方式1~5の処理の詳細について、以下に図12~図32を参照して説明する。図12は、本実施形態の熱安定化変異体予測装置100における、膜タンパク質野生型Wtにおける溶媒和エントロピー変化-ΔSwと、変異体Mtにおける溶媒和エントロピー変化-ΔSmとの計算方法を模式的に示した図である。
方式1は、構造最適化を行ってから膜貫通部位を取り出した三次構造の溶媒和エントロピーSと、三次構造を引き離した二次構造の溶媒和エントロピーSとの変化-ΔSを求める方法である。このように、方式1では、引き離したヘリックスの側鎖の再充填は考慮しない。
図16に示すように、まず、野生型Wtの構造<1>について、計算部102bは、CHARMMプログラムを用いて、膜タンパク質の重原子を固定してミニマイズし、Cα炭素およびCβ炭素を固定してミニマイズし、固定なしでミニマイズする順で、段階的に拘束を外しながら構造最適化を行う(ステップS1-1)。なお、この処理を以下、単に「構造の最適化」と呼ぶ。
図17は、方式2の処理例を示すフロー図である。図17に示すように、まず、野生型Wtの構造<1>について、計算部102bは、構造<1>の膜貫通部位のみ(構造<2>と呼ぶ)を取り出す(ステップS2-1)。
図18は、方式3の処理例を示すフロー図である。図18に示すように、まず、野生型Wtの構造<1>について、計算部102bは、構造<1>の構造の最適化を行う(ステップS3-1)。
図19は、方式4の処理例を示すフロー図である。図19に示すように、まず、野生型Wtの構造<1>について、計算部102bは、構造<1>の構造の最適化を行う(ステップS4-1)。
図20は、方式5の処理例を示すフロー図である。図20に示すように、まず、野生型Wtの構造<1>について、計算部102bは、構造<1>の膜貫通部位のみ(構造<2>と呼ぶ)を取り出す(ステップS5-1)。
置換により安定化または不安定化することが既知のアミノ酸変異5種について、方式1~5による熱安定化変異体の予測結果を検討した。図21は、実験では安定化する88残基目のスレオニンをグルタミン酸に置換した変異体についての方式1~5による計算結果(-ΔΔS)を示す図である。
また、本実施形態における熱安定化変異体予測装置100の実施例について図1、および、図33乃至図47を参照して説明する。図33は、熱安定化変異体予測装置100により実行される処理の一例を示すフローチャートである。
F=-TS+Λ
(T:絶対温度、S:エントロピー成分、Λ:エネルギー成分)
F/(kBT0)=-S/kB+Λ/(kBT0)
さて、これまで本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明は、上述した実施形態以外にも、特許請求の範囲に記載した技術的思想の範囲内において種々の異なる実施形態にて実施されてよいものである。
102 制御部
102a 変異導入部
102b 計算部
102c 候補抽出部
104 通信制御インターフェース部
106 記憶部
106a 構造ファイル
106b 配列ファイル
108 入出力制御インターフェース部
114 入力部
116 出力部
200 外部システム
300 ネットワーク
Claims (12)
- 膜タンパク質を熱安定化させるアミノ酸変異体の候補を予測する、記憶部と制御部とを備えた熱安定化変異体予測装置において、
上記記憶部は、
上記膜タンパク質のアミノ酸配列を記憶し、
上記制御部は、
上記膜タンパク質の上記アミノ酸配列にアミノ酸変異を導入することにより、上記アミノ酸変異体のアミノ酸配列を生成する変異導入手段と、
上記膜タンパク質および上記各アミノ酸変異体について、上記アミノ酸配列に基づいて構造最適化を伴った膜貫通部位における、一次構造から三次構造形成まで或いは二次構造から三次構造形成までの溶媒和エントロピー変化を計算する計算手段と、
上記膜タンパク質における上記溶媒和エントロピー変化と上記アミノ酸変異体における上記溶媒和エントロピー変化との差分に基づいて、上記熱安定化させるアミノ酸変異体の候補を抽出する候補抽出手段と、
を備えたことを特徴とする熱安定化変異体予測装置。 - 請求項1に記載の熱安定化変異体予測装置において、
上記計算手段は、
更に、上記膜タンパク質および上記各アミノ酸変異体について、上記アミノ酸配列に基づいて上記構造最適化を伴った上記膜貫通部位における、上記一次構造から上記三次構造形成まで或いは上記二次構造から上記三次構造形成までのエネルギー変化を計算し、
上記候補抽出手段は、
上記膜タンパク質における上記エネルギー変化と上記アミノ酸変異体における上記エネルギー変化との差分、ならびに、上記膜タンパク質における上記溶媒和エントロピー変化と上記アミノ酸変異体における上記溶媒和エントロピー変化との差分に絶対温度を乗じた値、の和である変化量に基づいて、上記熱安定化させるアミノ酸変異体の候補を抽出することを特徴とする熱安定化変異体予測装置。 - 請求項1または2に記載の熱安定化変異体予測装置において、
上記計算手段は、
排除容積、露出表面積、露出表面の平均曲率の積分値、および、露出表面のガウス曲率の積分値の4つの幾何学的指標に基づく形態計測学的表現と積分方程式論の統合型方法論を用いて、上記溶媒和エントロピー変化を計算することを特徴とする熱安定化変異体予測装置。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一つに記載の熱安定化変異体予測装置において、
上記記憶部は、更に、
上記膜タンパク質の構造データを記憶し、
上記計算手段は、
上記アミノ酸配列および上記構造データに基づいて構造最適化を行うことを特徴とする熱安定化変異体予測装置。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一つに記載の熱安定化変異体予測装置において、
上記計算手段は、
まず、上記膜タンパク質の重原子を固定してミニマイズし、つぎに、Cα炭素およびCβ炭素を固定してミニマイズし、最後に、固定なしでミニマイズすることにより、段階的に拘束を外しながら上記構造最適化を行うことを特徴とする熱安定化変異体予測装置。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一つに記載の熱安定化変異体予測装置において、
上記計算手段は、
上記構造最適化を行ってから上記膜貫通部位を取り出した上記三次構造の溶媒和エントロピーと、当該三次構造を引き離した上記二次構造の溶媒和エントロピーとの変化を上記溶媒和エントロピー変化として計算することを特徴とする熱安定化変異体予測装置。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一つに記載の熱安定化変異体予測装置において、
上記計算手段は、
上記膜貫通部位を取り出してから上記構造最適化を行った上記三次構造の溶媒和エントロピーと、取り出した当該膜貫通部位を引き離したのち上記構造最適化を行った上記二次構造の溶媒和エントロピーとの変化を上記溶媒和エントロピー変化として計算することを特徴とする熱安定化変異体予測装置。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一つに記載の熱安定化変異体予測装置において、
上記計算手段は、
上記構造最適化を行ってから上記膜貫通部位を取り出した上記三次構造の溶媒和エントロピーと、上記膜貫通部位を取り出し当該膜貫通部位を引き離したのち上記構造最適化を行った上記二次構造の溶媒和エントロピーとの変化を上記溶媒和エントロピー変化として計算することを特徴とする熱安定化変異体予測装置。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一つに記載の熱安定化変異体予測装置において、
上記計算手段は、
上記構造最適化を行ってから上記膜貫通部位を取り出した上記三次構造の溶媒和エントロピーと、上記膜貫通部位を取り出し当該膜貫通部位を伸ばしたのち上記構造最適化を行った上記一次構造の溶媒和エントロピーとの変化を上記溶媒和エントロピー変化として計算することを特徴とする熱安定化変異体予測装置。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一つに記載の熱安定化変異体予測装置において、
上記計算手段は、
上記膜貫通部位を取り出してから上記構造最適化を行った上記三次構造の溶媒和エントロピーと、上記膜貫通部位を取り出し当該膜貫通部位を引き離して伸ばしたのち上記構造最適化を行った上記一次構造の溶媒和エントロピーとの変化を上記溶媒和エントロピー変化として計算することを特徴とする熱安定化変異体予測装置。 - 膜タンパク質のアミノ酸配列を記憶する記憶部と制御部とを備えたコンピュータにおいて実行される、上記膜タンパク質を熱安定化させるアミノ酸変異体の候補を予測する熱安定化変異体予測方法であって、
上記膜タンパク質の上記アミノ酸配列にアミノ酸変異を導入することにより、上記アミノ酸変異体のアミノ酸配列を生成する変異導入ステップと、
上記膜タンパク質および上記各アミノ酸変異体について、上記アミノ酸配列に基づいて構造最適化を伴った膜貫通部位における、一次構造から三次構造形成まで或いは二次構造から三次構造形成までの溶媒和エントロピー変化を計算する計算ステップと、
上記膜タンパク質における上記溶媒和エントロピー変化と上記アミノ酸変異体における上記溶媒和エントロピー変化との差分に基づいて、上記熱安定化させるアミノ酸変異体の候補を抽出する候補抽出ステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする熱安定化変異体予測方法。 - 膜タンパク質を熱安定化させるアミノ酸変異体の候補を予測するため、上記膜タンパク質のアミノ酸配列を記憶する記憶部と制御部とを備えたコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムであって、
上記膜タンパク質の上記アミノ酸配列にアミノ酸変異を導入することにより、上記アミノ酸変異体のアミノ酸配列を生成する変異導入ステップと、
上記膜タンパク質および上記各アミノ酸変異体について、上記アミノ酸配列に基づいて構造最適化を伴った膜貫通部位における、一次構造から三次構造形成まで或いは二次構造から三次構造形成までの溶媒和エントロピー変化を計算する計算ステップと、
上記膜タンパク質における上記溶媒和エントロピー変化と上記アミノ酸変異体における上記溶媒和エントロピー変化との差分に基づいて、上記熱安定化させるアミノ酸変異体の候補を抽出する候補抽出ステップと、
を実行させるためのプログラム。
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