WO2015189557A1 - Système de transport - Google Patents

Système de transport Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015189557A1
WO2015189557A1 PCT/GB2015/051336 GB2015051336W WO2015189557A1 WO 2015189557 A1 WO2015189557 A1 WO 2015189557A1 GB 2015051336 W GB2015051336 W GB 2015051336W WO 2015189557 A1 WO2015189557 A1 WO 2015189557A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transportation system
carriage
carriages
path
push rod
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2015/051336
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Greenwood
Original Assignee
Mekana Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mekana Limited filed Critical Mekana Limited
Publication of WO2015189557A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015189557A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B21/00—Kinds or types of escalators or moving walkways
    • B66B21/02—Escalators
    • B66B21/06—Escalators spiral type

Definitions

  • the invention to which this application relates is a transportation system for floor-to-floor transportation of people, primarily but not exclusively for use in tall buildings.
  • Escalators have the advantage of being a continuous system, but cannot normally achieve a great height due to horizontal space restrictions and the fact that most are powered via a single drive shaft. This means that escalators would be impractical for high buildings as the power transmission elements would have to be greatly increased in size in relation to such buildings. Banks of escalators can be used as, for example, in an atrium arrangement, but this means passengers having to embark and disembark many times.
  • Elevators also known as lifts, can transport people to any height in a building. However, they only transport people in batches, with a lot of time wasted in stopping to allow people to enter and exit the car.
  • elevator systems have been developed to travel at higher speeds with greater acceleration and deceleration rates, have larger or double-decker car arrangements to carry a larger batch of people, and incorporate 'skylobby' systems to gain floor space by reducing the number of elevators on the higher floors, at the expense of passengers having to leave one elevator to enter another before reaching their final destination.
  • the problem is that the higher the building, the more elevators are required to fill the upper floors, thereby taking up extra floor space that eventually becomes greater than the space gained in building the upper floors .
  • This law of diminishing returns means that the limit to the height of taller buildings is not the physical limitations of the steel structure, but the impracticalities of filling the building with people.
  • An aim of this invention is to provide a more efficient method of transporting a large number of people in tall buildings.
  • a transportation system for transporting people between floors of buildings including:
  • the at least one carriage is provided with engagement means for engaging an adjacent carriage to move the same along the path.
  • the path can include at least one helical, spiral or curved portion.
  • the path includes at least one helical portion. Typically the path is continuous. In a preferred embodiment the path comprises a substantially helical outer section and a substantially helical inner section, connected therebetween by a curved connection.
  • the path spans a plurality of floors in a building.
  • one of the helical sections defines a path for upwards movement of the carriages within the building, and the other helical section defines a path for downwards movement of the carriages within the building.
  • the path is provided with substantially horizontal sections coinciding with the floor levels of the building, to allow passengers to embark and disembark the carriages.
  • the horizontal sections are fixed to the floor levels of the building.
  • the carriages are supported on tracks held within a truss or other framework.
  • the carriages are provided with wheels or other movement means to allow the carriages to move along the tracks.
  • the tracks are provided either side of the movement means to prevent disengagement of the same.
  • the truss is provided with balustrading or other barriers to prevent disembarkation of passengers when the carriages are between floors.
  • the truss can form a helical path for the carriages to move within.
  • the truss can form a horizontal plane, but still maintains a substantially circular or helical path.
  • the truss path can be in a substantially horizontal plane and can spiral or curve from a smaller circle or spiral to a larger circle or spiral, (i.e. from an 'inner' to an 'outer' truss), allowing the outer truss to pass down through each floor, clearing the inner truss.
  • the outer truss path is in a horizontal plane and can spiral or curve from the larger circle or spiral to the smaller circle or spiral to join up with the inner truss.
  • the system is therefore substantially continuous, and all carriages are available for use at any time (unlike an escalator that has approximately 50% of its steps unavailable at the return side) . It also means that the system need only be designed to operate in one direction to carry the passengers both up and down the building. In one embodiment where the system spans one floor of a building only, a radius of curvature of the truss may be substantially constant on all helical and/or curved portions.
  • carriages are provided with seats and/ or canopies for comfort and safety.
  • the carriages are provided with guards to protect passengers from the engagement means.
  • the engagement means is a push rod assembly.
  • the push rod assembly is extendable.
  • the push rod assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the cylinder is operable by a cam within the truss.
  • the push rod assembly includes a push rod slidably mounted within a cylinder, the cylinder being pivotally or rotationally mounted on the carriage.
  • the distal ends of the assembly are connected by two or more pivotally linked arms.
  • the movement of the cylinder and/ or arms relative to the carriage is restricted by one or more stops.
  • the carriages maintain a substantially constant horizontal spacing therebetween as the vertical spacing varies.
  • the cylinder pivots until further movement is prevented by the stop.
  • the angle between the arms is forced to increase, thereby extending the push rod from the cylinder. The reverse operation occurs when the track angle decreases.
  • the carriages are provided with one or more elongate members having a curved or involute profile.
  • the elongate members are situated on the underside of the carriage.
  • the drive means includes a motor, a drive chain or belt.
  • the drive chain or belt is driven via sprockets or wheels.
  • the drive means includes a gearbox arrangement.
  • the drive means is located within the truss.
  • the drive means includes one or more electrical or electrified tracks (i.e. electrical current can pass or does pass along the same) .
  • a motor provided on or associated with at least one carriage is energised when one or more electrodes connected to the electrical terminals on or associated with the motor contact the one or more electrical or electrified tracks, thereby making an electric circuit.
  • drive is imparted via a gear, pinion gear or sprocket engaging with a rack or chain fixed within the truss.
  • the drive means includes a gear box arrangement.
  • braking means are provided.
  • the braking means comprises a braking chain or belt mounted on sprockets or wheels, and a brake disc connected to a sprocket or wheel on which a calliper may act.
  • Other braking means can be used, such as drum brakes or band brakes if required.
  • each pin assembly typically includes a rotationally mounted member to allow the pin assembly to roll along the elongate member as force is imparted thereto.
  • the pin assemblies impart force from the linear drive chain or belt to the elongate member, the curvature forces the carriages to move in an arc.
  • the pin assemblies are spaced apart by a predetermined distance to ensure that the number of elongate members in contact with pin assemblies is substantially constant, to ensure the load is shared therebetween.
  • the pin assemblies operably engage the elongate members on one side thereof to provide a driving force from the motor to the carriage.
  • the pin assemblies operably engage the other side of the same or different elongate member when the calliper acts on the brake disc, to provide a braking force to the carriage and slow the movement thereof.
  • system includes conveyors alongside one or more sections of the path to help passengers embark and/or disembark the carriages.
  • a system of transporting people is therefore provided which is more efficient than other systems when comparing the number of passengers transported in a given time against the amount of floor space taken up. This improves the practicality and commercial viability of taller buildings in the future.
  • a transportation system for transporting people between at least first and second heights said system including:
  • the at least one carriage is provided with engagement means for engaging an adjacent carriage to move the same along the path.
  • a carriage for transporting people between at least first and second heights, wherein said carriage is provided with engagement means for engaging an adjacent carriage to move the same along the path.
  • the engagement means includes a push rod slidably mounted within a cylinder, the cylinder being pivotally or rotationally mounted on the carriage.
  • the carriages are provided with one or more elongate members having a curved or involute profile, typically on the underside of the carriage.
  • the carriage is moved along at least a portion of the path by drive means acting on the elongate members.
  • drive means acting on the elongate members typically at least a portion of the path is helical or spirally formed.
  • a method of moving a batch of people between first and second heights in a building said batch being moved in a carriage along a path which includes a helical, curved and/or spirally formed portion wherein said path is continuous such that batches can be moved along the entire length thereof.
  • FIGURE 1 shows an overview of a system to transport people through four floors according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 2 shows the system as in Figure 1 , but with the floors and balustrade 3 removed for clarity.
  • FIGURE 3 shows a view along Arrow 'A' of Figure 2.
  • FIGURE 4 shows a system with ten intermediate floors.
  • FIGURE 5 shows the system of Figure 4 with floors and people.
  • FIGURE 6 shows carriages, wheels and tracks schematically from (a) the side and (b) viewed along section B-B'.
  • FIGURE 7 shows a push rod assembly incorporated within a carriage with guarding for passenger protection.
  • FIGURE 8 shows a series of carriages within a track system connected by push rods.
  • FIGURE 9 shows a view along Arrow 'C of Figure 8.
  • FIGURE 10 shows a linkage mechanism to achieve variation in push-rod length.
  • FIGURE 11 shows the position of one drive mechanism.
  • FIGURE 12 shows the main components of one drive mechanism.
  • FIGURE 13 shows how the drive mechanism imparts drive to the carriages.
  • FIGURE 14 shows a different method of drive to the embodiment shown in figures 11 -13.
  • FIGURE 15 shows the main components of one brake mechanism.
  • FIGURE 16 shows how the brake mechanism imparts braking to the carriages.
  • FIGURE 17 shows a method for keeping the carriages in the same orientation when changing between upward and downward directions.
  • FIGURE 18 show a method to allow some wheels to clear a track when the carriage maintains the same orientation.
  • FIGURE 19 shows a method of embarking the carriage.
  • FIGURE 20 shows a method of disembarking the carriage.
  • FIGURE 21 shows a system incorporating a passenger conveyor to ease or speed up embarking and disembarking.
  • FIGURE 22 shows an alternative arrangement where passengers embark and disembark central to the system rather than at the periphery.
  • FIGURE 23 shows a typical arrangement for moving between two floors.
  • FIG. 1 there is illustrated an overview of the system which provides a path starting off at a lower floor, typically the ground floor of the building. It then rises helically through two intermediate floors, before reaching the upper floor, typically the top floor of the building. Any number of intermediate floors can be incorporated, and the system is not limited to the two floors illustrated.
  • the path is continuous and curves outwardly on the top floor to an outer helix which returns downwardly to the start of the path.
  • Figure 1 shows horizontal sections of the path which allows for embarking or disembarking for either the upward or downward moving passengers at each intermediate floor. However, it is not necessary to incorporate this at every floor.
  • the carriages 1 move in the truss 2 in a clockwise fashion when looking at the system from the top.
  • the system could also be designed, if desired, to move in an anticlockwise fashion instead, thereby reversing the carriage directions for the inner and outer trusses.
  • Figure 1 also shows a balustrade arrangement 3 to prevent passengers from disembarking or falling from the system between floors .
  • Figure 2 shows that the inner truss 2a allows carriages to move towards the upper floor, and the outer truss 2b allows carriages to move towards the lower floor.
  • the system may also incorporate seats 4 and canopies or frames 5 situated on the carriages 1 for added passenger comfort and safety.
  • the balustrade 3 is removed from Figure 2 for clarity.
  • Figure 3 shows the view when looking from the top to further illustrate the inner and outer truss relationship, and the carriages situated close together.
  • Figure 4 shows that, with floors removed for clarity, the system can accommodate any number of intermediate floors (in this case ten) .
  • Figure 5 illustrates how this system may appear with the floors in place and with people in the building.
  • Figure 6 shows a number of carriage assemblies at equal elevation as they would appear, say, at the lower floor.
  • Each carriage 1 incorporates a number of wheels 6 that allow it to move on tracks 7 which are fixed within the truss.
  • Another important feature shown in Figure 6 is the elongate member 8, which is situated at the base of each carriage and is part of the drive mechanism described later. For clarity, Figure 6 omits certain other important features described later.
  • the carriages are connected via engagement means in the form of a push rod assembly 9, shown in Figure 7. This is used to separate each carriage and, on the upward-moving carriages, to push each carriage up to the higher floors. On the downward- moving carriages, the push rod assemblies serve to hold off each carriage from the one below. Guards 10 may be positioned within the carriage 1 to protect the passenger from the push rod assembly.
  • Figure 8 shows a series of carriages 1 connected by the push rod assemblies 9, as they would look between floors. The truss, canopies, seats and guards have been omitted from Figure 8 for clarity. Another feature shown are cover tracks 1 1 , which prevent the wheels 6 from coming away from the tracks.
  • Figure 9 is a view along Arrow 'C, and shows the elongate member 8, previously referred to, with an involute profile. It also shows that the push rod assemblies 9 may connect at a central hub 12 within the carriage.
  • a desirable, though nonessential, operational feature is to keep the carriages close together throughout their traverse around the system. In order to do this, the push rod assemblies are variable in length, being shortest when the carriages are in the same elevation at each floor, and gradually becoming longer, until they are at their longest midway between floors, then gradually becoming shorter again until they are again at their shortest at the next floor.
  • the variation in length of the push rods 9 may be achieved in a number of ways.
  • One way may be to incorporate a hydraulic cylinder, operated by a cam within the truss.
  • Figure 10 shows another mechanical method using a linkage mechanism made up of two arms 9a and 9b.
  • the push rod 9 slides within an outer cylinder 9c.
  • the arms, 9a and 9b are pin- jointed together at one end.
  • the other end of arm 9a is pin- jointed to the cylinder 9c, and the other end of arm 9b is pin- jointed to the push rod 9.
  • Pin joints allow pivotal movement of the members connected thereto.
  • the push rod 9 engages with an adjacent carriage (not illustrated) to the left of the carriage 1 shown.
  • the push rod 9 and its assembly will increase in length from a distance 'X' to a distance 'Y' at which point the two carriages are at their maximum difference in elevation.
  • the differences in height between itself and the lower carriage will decrease, causing a reverse operation to that described, and the push rod 9 and its assembly will decrease from distance ⁇ ' to 'X' at floor level. This operation is repeated throughout the traversing of carriages, except when moving in a downwards direction, arm 9b will hit a stop situated in the other (front) carriage, resulting in the action described above.
  • the system operates via drive means including one or more drive mechanisms, situated where the carriages are at equal elevation at a floor, and on the upward-moving carriage side of the truss (in the case of Figure 2, this would be the inner truss 2a) .
  • the number of drive mechanisms required will depend on the number of floors the system serves. At least one drive mechanism must be incorporated and situated at the lower floor.
  • Figure 11 shows the position of the drive mechanism 13, fixed within the bottom of the truss 2, although it may also be located outside the truss .
  • the main components of the drive mechanism are shown in Figure 12, and consist of a motor 14, an optional gearbox arrangement 15, a drive chain or belt 16 driven via sprockets or wheels 17, which are located in fixed supports 18.
  • the motor 14, gearbox 15 and supports 18 are fixed to the truss, either internally, as shown in Figure 11 , or externally.
  • the driving sprocket 17a is driven by the motor 14.
  • FIG. 13 is a view from the underside of the drive mechanism, with the truss removed for clarity.
  • the transition from a straight line motion of the path of the drive pin assemblies 19 to a circular path of the carriages 1 is achieved due to the elongate member 8 being involute. This ensures that, when a drive pin assembly 19 first contacts an elongate member 8, towards the rear of the carriage 1 , it pushes the carriage 1 and remains in contact with the elongate member 8 until it has reached the limit of its travel at the drive sprocket.
  • the contacting part of the drive pin assembly is typically a wheel and allowed to rotate as it moves along the carriage profile.
  • the action of a drive pin assembly contacting an elongate member and thus pushing the carriage is one of rolling.
  • the truss 2 includes fixed electrified tracks 20 which supply electrical power via electrodes 21 to motors 22.
  • the electrodes and motors are located within, and therefore move with, modified carriages l a.
  • the motor provides drive, typically through a gearbox 23, to a pinion gear or sprocket 24 which engages with a rack or chain fixed within the truss.
  • Not all of the carriages have to be modified carriages (although they could be if required) and the modified carriages l a could contact other, non powered carriages lb and impart motion to these in direction of the arrow in Figure 14.
  • the push rod engagement means previously described is not required in this arrangement, as drive is provided through the helical truss sections in addition to the curved sections in the part of the truss moving towards the upper floor.
  • One or more brake mechanisms may also be incorporated into the system, and are situated on the downward-moving carriage side, where the carriages are at equal elevation at floor level. Like the drive mechanism, the brake mechanism may be located within, or outside, the truss. The number of brake mechanisms required depends on the number of carriages in the system, but at least one brake mechanism must be located at the lower floor.
  • the arrangement of the brake mechanism is similar to that of the drive arrangement and is shown in Figure 15.
  • the mechanism may consist of a brake disc 26 and calliper 27, as shown, or another type of brake such as a band or drum brake.
  • the brake disc is attached to one of the sprocket shafts, and the calliper 27 is attached to the truss.
  • the braking chain 28 is connected via two sprockets 29 mounted on stands 30 attached to the truss. Equally-spaced brake pin assemblies 31 are fixed to, and move with, the chain 28.
  • Figure 16 shows how the braking arrangement interfaces with the carriages.
  • the view is from the underside, with the truss removed for clarity.
  • the front edge of the elongate member 8 contacts one of the brake pin assemblies 31 as the carriages move around the track in the direction of the upper arrow. This causes the braking chain to move in the direction of the other arrows.
  • the front edge of the elongate member 8 is also involute, such that the brake pin assemblies 31 remain in contact with the elongate member 8 until they turn on the periphery of the sprocket with no brake disc. At this point, another brake pin assembly will leave the periphery of the sprocket with the brake disc and engage with the elongate member 8 of a carriage.
  • Several brake pin assemblies may remain in contact with the elongate member at the same time.
  • the brake caliper 27 When braking is required, the brake caliper 27 will close on the disc 26 slowing the braking chain. This will cause the brake pin assemblies to slow and the ones in contact with the carriage elongate members will impart a braking force to the carriages, making them slow down or stop .
  • Figure 17 shows three carriages 1 on tracks 7a, 7b and 7c at the upper floor position.
  • Track 7a and cover track 11 a are incorporated in the truss where carriages are moving towards the upper floor
  • track 7b and cover track l ib are incorporated in the truss where carriages are moving towards the crizdin
  • Track 7c and cover track 11 c are incorporated in all the system.
  • wheels 6a reach the end of track 7a and cover track 11 a.
  • wheels 6b reach the start of track 7b and cover track l i b. Therefore operation is transferred from track 7a to track 7b.
  • Wheel 6c and at least one of wheel 6a or 6b in each carriage 1 are in contact with tracks at any one time.
  • FIG. 18 shows a plan view of three carriages and portion of tracks 7a, 7b and 7c.
  • the cover tracks are not shown for clarity. It can be seen in Figure 18 that wheels 6b act at a smaller radius, Rl , than wheels 6c, which acts at radius R2. Wheel 6a is not shown but operates at the same radius as wheel 6b. Therefore track 7c has a greater radius or curvature than Rl to allow wheels 6a and 6b to pass with adequate clearance.
  • Figure 19 shows a safe method for a passenger to embark a carriage moving in the direction of Arrow 'D ⁇
  • the passenger initially approaches the carriages 1 at an angle in the general direction of motion, along Arrow ⁇ '.
  • the passenger takes hold of a handrail 32 attached to the free carriage with their right hand as it passes by.
  • the passenger steps onto the moving free carriage with their right foot, and lifts their left foot off the floor.
  • the passenger can then pivot around on their right foot, in the direction of Arrow 'F', in order to sit down if the carriage has a seat, or to stand fully on the carriage if there is no seat.
  • ⁇ n the passenger takes hold of a handrail 32 attached to the free carriage with their right hand as it passes by.
  • the passenger steps onto the moving free carriage with their right foot, and lifts their left foot off the floor.
  • the passenger can then pivot around on their right foot, in the direction of Arrow 'F', in order to sit down if the carriage has a seat, or to stand fully on the carriage
  • FIG. 20 A safe method for disembarkation is shown in Figure 20.
  • the passenger initially grasps the handrail 32 with their right hand, and then pivots in the direction of Arrow 'I' in order to face the direction of travel. If seated, the passenger must also stand.
  • the passenger places their left foot onto the floor whilst at the same time lifting their right foot and releasing their grip of the rail 32.
  • the passenger walks away from the carriages in a direction tangential to the moving carriages along Arrow ⁇ '.
  • Passenger conveyors may be incorporated into the system in order to make embarking and disembarking even easier, or to allow the system to travel at a higher speed.
  • Figure 21 shows a conveyor 33 incorporating a handrail 34 mounted on a balustrade 35.
  • the balustrade of Figure 21 is see-through.
  • the passenger conveyor may be set to run at the same speed as the system, or set to run at an intermediate speed for a faster-moving system.
  • the passenger would step onto the conveyor when he is in line with the free carriage. The passenger can hold the conveyor handrail while taking hold of the carriage rail before finally stepping into the carriage.
  • the passenger when disembarking, once the carriage is in line with the conveyor, the passenger can step onto the conveyor 33 and take hold of the handrail 34 before letting go of the carriage rail. The passenger can then move from the passenger conveyor in the normal manner. Incorporating passenger conveyors into the system would enable a more conventional method for embarking and disembarking.
  • Figure 22 serves to illustrate that the system could be arranged so that embarking and disembarking is achieved via the central core. This would have the advantage of a lower peripheral ⁇
  • Figure 22 shows that passenger conveyors could also be used for this arrangement.
  • the conveyor for the upside (inner) carriages takes the form of a rotating disc with the handrail 34 and balustrade 35 a central cylinder.
  • Passengers disembarking the downside (outer) carriages must first step onto the outer conveyor, and then onto the inner, rotating conveyor, in order to leave the system.
  • Figure 22 also shows the passengers facing inwards, and the carriages may incorporate an open canopy arrangement 5.
  • Figure 23 shows an arrangement for a system operating only between two floors. This arrangement would be particularly suitable in situations where floor-to-floor heights is relatively low. In this case, as journey time is short, there are no seats and passengers stand.
  • the frames 5 offer both protection and restraint.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de transport comprenant un système de déplacement en continu de chariots (1) pour le transport d'étage à étage de personnes dans des bâtiments le long d'un chemin intérieur hélicoïdal pour un déplacement vers le haut évoluant en un chemin extérieur hélicoïdal pour un déplacement vers le bas. Chaque chariot (1) est pourvu de moyens d'engagement (9) servant à pousser un chariot adjacent vers le haut, ou à retenir des chariots de retenue vers le haut lorsqu'il se déplace vers le bas.
PCT/GB2015/051336 2014-06-13 2015-05-07 Système de transport WO2015189557A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1410589.4 2014-06-13
GBGB1410589.4A GB201410589D0 (en) 2014-06-13 2014-06-13 Transportation system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015189557A1 true WO2015189557A1 (fr) 2015-12-17

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PCT/GB2015/051336 WO2015189557A1 (fr) 2014-06-13 2015-05-07 Système de transport

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WO (1) WO2015189557A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US755361A (en) * 1903-09-15 1904-03-22 Daniel E Condon Elevator.
US3395648A (en) * 1965-06-04 1968-08-06 Fed Engineering Company Moving sidewalk
US3878931A (en) * 1971-10-18 1975-04-22 Gilbert D Luna Arcuate escalator system
WO1989010890A1 (fr) * 1988-05-10 1989-11-16 Khp Beteiligungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kommanditge Escalier roulant tournant
US4964496A (en) * 1984-10-18 1990-10-23 Dexter Jr Fred F Mass transit system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US755361A (en) * 1903-09-15 1904-03-22 Daniel E Condon Elevator.
US3395648A (en) * 1965-06-04 1968-08-06 Fed Engineering Company Moving sidewalk
US3878931A (en) * 1971-10-18 1975-04-22 Gilbert D Luna Arcuate escalator system
US4964496A (en) * 1984-10-18 1990-10-23 Dexter Jr Fred F Mass transit system
WO1989010890A1 (fr) * 1988-05-10 1989-11-16 Khp Beteiligungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kommanditge Escalier roulant tournant

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