WO2015180983A1 - Mélanges comprenant des bactéries de fixation de l'azote, des biopesticides et des pesticides chimiques - Google Patents

Mélanges comprenant des bactéries de fixation de l'azote, des biopesticides et des pesticides chimiques Download PDF

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WO2015180983A1
WO2015180983A1 PCT/EP2015/060858 EP2015060858W WO2015180983A1 WO 2015180983 A1 WO2015180983 A1 WO 2015180983A1 EP 2015060858 W EP2015060858 W EP 2015060858W WO 2015180983 A1 WO2015180983 A1 WO 2015180983A1
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component
plant
leguminosarum
compositions
plantarum
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Thorsten Jabs
Ronald Wilhelm
Nenad FILAJDIC
Giridhar RANUVA
Eda REINOT
Charles MCFATRICH
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Basf Se
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/22—Bacillus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to mixtures comprising, as active components at least one nitrogen-fixing bacterium and at least one biopesticide and a chemical pesticide as defined herein and their use fin crop protection especially as treatment of plant propagation materials.
  • a pesticide is generally a chemical or biological agent (such as a virus, bacterium, antimicrobial or disinfectant) that through its effect deters, incapacitates, kills or otherwise discourages pests.
  • Target pests can include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms), and microbes that destroy property, cause nuisance, spread disease or are vectors for disease.
  • pesticide includes also plant growth regulators that alter the expected growth, flowering, or reproduction rate of plants; defoliants that cause leaves or other foliage to drop from a plant, usually to facilitate harvest; desiccants that promote drying of living tissues, such as unwanted plant tops; plant activators that activate plant physiology for defense of against certain pests; safeners that reduce unwanted herbicidal action of pesticides on crop plants; and plant growth promoters that affect plant physiology e.g. to increase plant growth, biomass, yield or any other quality parameter of the harvestable goods of a crop plant.
  • Biopesticides have been defined as a form of pesticides based on micro-organisms
  • Biopesticides fall into two major classes, microbial and biochemical pesticides:
  • Microbial pesticides consist of bacteria, fungi or viruses (and often include the metabolites that bacteria and fungi produce). Entomopathogenic nematodes are also classified as microbial pesticides, even though they are multi-cellular.
  • Biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances or or structurally-similar and functionally identical to a naturally-occurring substance and extracts from biological sources that control pests or provide other crop protection uses as defined below, but have non-toxic mode of actions (such as growth or developmental regulation, attractents, repellents or defence activators (e.g. induced resistance) and are relatively non-toxic to mammals.
  • biochemical pesticides include, but are not limited to semiochemicals (insect pheromones and kairomones), natural plant and insect regulators, naturally-occurring repellents and attractants, and proteins (e.g. enzymes).
  • Inoculants also known as microbial or soil inoculants are agricultural amendments that use beneficial endophytes (microbes) to promote plant health.
  • the rhizobacteria commonly applied as inoculants include nitrogen-fixers and phosphate-solubilisers which enhance the availability of the macronutrients nitrogen and phosphorus to the host plant.
  • Such bacteria are commonly referred to as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR).
  • Biopesticides for use against crop diseases have already established themselves on a variety of crops. For example, biopesticides already play an important role in controlling downy mildew diseases. Their benefits include: a 0-Day Pre-Harvest Interval, the ability to use under moderate to severe disease pressure, and the ability to use in mixture or in a rotational program with other registered pesticides.
  • Biopesticidal seed treatments are e.g. used to control soil borne fungal pathogens that cause seed rots, damping-off, root rot and seedling blights. They can also be used to control internal seed borne fungal pathogens as well as fungal pathogens that are on the surface of the seed.
  • Many biopesticidal products also show capacities to stimulate plant host defenses and other physiological processes that can make treated crops more resistant to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses or can regulate plant growth. Many biopesticidal products also show capacities to stimulate plant health, plant growth and/or yield enhancing activity.
  • plant health is to be understood to denote a condition of the plant and/or its products which is determined by several indicators alone or in combination with each other such as yield (e. g. increased biomass and/or increased content of valuable ingredients), plant vigor (e. g. improved plant growth and/or greener leaves ("greening effect")), quality (e. g. improved content or composition of certain ingredients) and tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress.
  • yield e. g. increased biomass and/or increased content of valuable ingredients
  • plant vigor e. g. improved plant growth and/or greener leaves ("greening effect")
  • quality e. g. improved content or composition of certain ingredients
  • tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress e. g. improved content or composition of certain ingredients
  • biopesticides under certain conditions can also have disadvantages such as high specificity: which may require an exact identification of the pest/pathogen and the use of multiple products to be used, slow speed of action (thus making them unsuitable if a pest outbreak is an immediate threat to a crop), variable efficacy due to the influences of various biotic and abiotic factors (since biopesticides are usually living organisms, which bring about pest/pathogen control by multiplying within the target insect pest/pathogen) and resistance development.
  • It is an object of the present invention overcome the abovementioned disadvantages and to provide, with a view to effective resistance management and effective control of phytopatho- genie harmful fungi, insects or other pests or to effective plant growth promotion, plant stress tolerance and/or seed germination, at application rates which are as low as possible, compositions which, at a reduced total amount of active compounds applied, have improved activity against the harmful fungi, insects or other pests or improved plant growth promoting, stress tolerance inducing and/or improved seeed germination activity (synergistic mixtures) and a broadened activity spectrum, in particular for certain indications.
  • the present invention relates to mixtures comprising, as active components,
  • Bradyrhizobium japonicum B. elkanii, Bradyrhizobium spp., Bradyrhizobium sp. (Arachis), Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna), B. liaoningense, B. lupine; Azospirillum brasilense, A.
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum, B. firmus, B. pumilus, B. subtil is, B. simplex, B. megaterium, B. altitudinis, B. mojavensis, B. mycoides, B.
  • inhibitors of complex III at Q 0 site selected from: pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin,
  • picoxystrobin trifloxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fenaminstrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, mandestrobine, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin;
  • Basidiomycetes-specific inhibitors of complex II selected from: carboxin, benodanil, fenfuram, flutolanil, furametpyr, mepronil, oxycarboxin, thifluzamide;
  • E) fungicidal azole compounds selected from: ipconazole, difenoconazole, prothioconazole, prochloraz, triticonazole, flutriafol, cyproconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, hexaconazole, imazalil, imibenconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, simeconazole, tebuconazole, triadimenol, uniconazole, thiabendazole;
  • Oomycetes fungicides selected from: oxathiapiprolin, valifenalate, metalaxyl, mefenoxam, ethaboxam, dimethomorph, zoxamide, flumorph, mandipropamid, pyrimorph,
  • MAP / histidine kinase inhibitor fludioxonil
  • benzimidazole compounds selected from: thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim;
  • dithiocarbamate compounds selected from: thiram, ziram;
  • GABA antagonist compounds selected from: fipronil, ethiprole, vaniliprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole, 5-amino-1 -(2,6-dichloro-4-methyl-phenyl)-4-sulfinamoyl-1 H-pyrazole-3- carbothioic acid amide;
  • K) lepidopteran-specific ryanodine receptor inhibitors selected from: chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide;
  • N) system ically-active neonicotinoid compounds clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, acetamiprid, flupyradifurone, thiacloprid, triflumezopyrim, nitenpyram;
  • Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors sulfoxaflor, acephate, chlorpyrifos, thiodicarb, abamectin, spinosad.
  • the mixtures comprise at least one nitrogen-fixing bacterium I and at least one biopesticide II and at least one chemical pesticide III in a synergistically effective amount.
  • the mixtures comprise one nitrogen-fixing bacterium I and one biopesticide II and one chemical pesticide III in a synergistically effective amount.
  • the invention also relates to a method for controlling phytopathogenic harmful fungi, insects, nematodes or other pests using mixtures of at least one nitrogen-fixing bacterium I and at least one biopesticide II and at least one chemical pesticide III and to the use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria I, biopesticides II and chemical pesticides III for preparing such mixtures, and to compositions comprising these mixtures and plant propagation materials, in particular seeds, comprising these mixtures respectively coated with such mixtures.
  • the time between the applications may vary e. g. between 2 hours to 7 days. Also a broader range is possible ranging from 0.25 hour to 30 days, preferably from 0.5 hour to 14 days, particularly from 1 hour to 7 days or from 1 .5 hours to 5 days, even more preferred from 2 hours to 1 day.
  • the nitrogen-fixing bacterium I and/or the biopesticide II is applied as last treatment.
  • Component 1 in the mixtures embraces not only the isolated, pure cultures of the nitrogen- fixing bacterium I as defined herein, but also its cell-free extract having pesticidal activity, preferably an alcohol- and/or ketone-based extract, its suspensions in a whole broth culture or as a metabolite-containing supernatant or a purified metabolite obtained from a whole broth culture of the microorganism or microorganism strain.
  • Component 2) in the mixtures comprise biopesticides II which can be separated into the microbial pesticides which comprise bacterial and fungal microorganisms and biochemical pesticides selected from abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, its salts and derivatives thereof, cis- jasmone, methyl jasmonate; and harpin protein.
  • component 2) in the mixtures embraces not only the isolated, pure cultures of the biopesticide II as defined herein, but also its cell-free extract having pesticidal activity, preferably an alcohol- ketone-based extract, its suspensions in a whole broth culture or as a metabolite-containing supernatant or a purified metabolite obtained from a whole broth culture of the microorganism or microorganism strain.
  • component 2) in the mixtures embraces not only the isolated, pure cultures of the biopesticide II as defined herein, but also its cell-free extract having pesticidal activity, preferably an alcohol- ketone-based extract, its suspensions in a whole broth culture or as a metabolite-containing supernatant or a purified metabolite obtained from a whole broth culture of the microorganism or microorganism strain.
  • Jasmonic acid its salts (jasmonates) or derivatives include without limitation potassium, sodium, lithium, ammonium, dimethylammonium, isopropylammonium, diolammonium and diethtriethanolammonium jasmonate; and also jasmonic acid methyl ester, jasmonic acid amide, jasmonic acid methylamide, jasmonic acid-L-amino acid (amide-linked) conjugates (e. g.
  • L-isoleucine, L-valine, L-leucine, or L-phenylalanine conjugates with L-isoleucine, L-valine, L-leucine, or L-phenylalanine), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, coronatine, coronalon, coronafacoyl-L-serine, coronafacoyl-L-threonine, methyl esters of 1 -oxo- indanoyl-isoleucine, methyl esters of 1 -oxo-indanoyl-leucine, cis-jasmone, linoleic acid or derivatives thereof, and combinations of any of the above.
  • whole culture broth refers to a liquid culture of a microorganism containing vegetative cells and/or spores suspended in the culture medium and optionally metabolites produced by the respective microorganism.
  • cell-free extract refers to an extract of the vegetative cells, spores and/or the whole culture broth of a microorganism comprising cellular metabolites produced by the respective microorganism obtainable by cell disruption methods known in the art such as solvent-based (e. g. organic solvents such as alcohols sometimes in combination with suitable salts), temperature-based, application of shear forces, cell disruption with an ultrasonicator.
  • solvent-based e. g. organic solvents such as alcohols sometimes in combination with suitable salts
  • temperature-based e.g. temperature-based
  • shear forces e.g. cell disruption with an ultrasonicator.
  • the desired extract may be concentrated by conventional concentration techniques such as drying, evaporation, and centrifugation or alike. Certain washing steps using organic solvents and/or water-based media may also be applied to the crude extract preferably prior to use.
  • the term "metabolite” refers to any component, compound, substance or byproduct (including but not limited to small molecule secondary metabolites, polyketides, fatty acid synthase products, non-ribosomal peptides, ribosomal peptides, proteins and enzymes) produced by a microorganism (such as fungi and bacteria, in particular the strains of the invention) that has any beneficial effect as described herein such as pesticidal activity or improvement of plant growth, water use efficiency of the plant, plant health, plant appearance, or the population of beneficial microorganisms in the soil around the plant activity herein.
  • a microorganism such as fungi and bacteria, in particular the strains of the invention
  • component 1 is selected from Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Bradyrhizobium elkanii and Azospirillum brasilense.
  • component 2) is selected from Bacillus amylolique- faciens, B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum, B. firmus, B. pumilus, B. subtilis, B. simplex, B. megaterium; Burkholderia spp., Coniothyrium minitans, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Paenibacillus alvei, Penicillium bilaiae, Pasteuria nishizawa; cis-jasmone, methyl jasmonate and harpin protein.
  • component 2) is selected from Bacillus amylolique- faciens ssp. plantarum, B. pumilus, B. subtilis and B. simplex.
  • the mixtures comprise at least four active cmponents, wherein component 1 ) is selected from Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Bradyrhizobium elkanii and Azospirillum brasilense; and wherein component 2) is selected from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum, B. firmus, B. pumilus, B. subtilis, B. simplex, B.
  • component 4) is at least one biopesticide II selected from abscisic acid (II.58), harpin (II.59), cis-jasmone (II.60) and methyl-jasmonate (11.61 ); more preferably cis-jasmone (II.60) or methyl-jasmonate (11.61 ), in particular methyl jasmonate (11.61 ).
  • isolate refers to a pure microbial culture separated from its natural origin, such an isolate obtained by culturing a single microbial colony.
  • An isolate is a pure culture derived from a heterogeneous, wild population of microorganisms.
  • strain refers to isolate or a group of isolates exhibiting phenotypic and/or genotypic traits belonging to the same lineage, distinct from those of other isolates or strains of the same species.
  • biopesticides II and the nitrogen-fixing bacteria I are known (e-Pesticide Manual V 5.2 (ISBN 978 1 901396 85 0) (2008-201 1 ); http://www.epa.gov/ oppOOOOI/biopesticides/, see product lists therein; http://www.omri.org/omri-lists, see lists therein; Bio-Pesticides Database BPDB http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/bpdb/, see A to Z link therein).
  • the biopesticides II may have fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal, plant defense activator, insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal, pheromone, nematicidal, plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting and/or yield enhancing activity.
  • B. amyloliquefaciens spp. plantarum D747 (US 20130236522 A1 ; FERM BP-8234; e. g. Double NickelTM 55 WDG or Double NickelTM LC from Certis LLC, USA), B. amyloliquefaciens spp. plantarum FZB24 isolated from plant pathogen-infested soil of a sugar beet field in Brandenburg, Germany (also called SB3615; DSM ID 96-2; J. Plant Dis. Prot. 105, 181-197, 1998; e. g. Taegro® from Novozyme Biologicals, Inc., USA), B.
  • amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum FZB42 isolated from plant pathogen-infested soil of a sugar beet field in Brandenburg, Germany (J. Plant Dis. Prot. 105, 181-197, 1998; DSM 231 17; e. g. RhizoVital® 42 from AbiTEP GmbH, Berlin, Germany), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum GB03 (also called GB03; ATCC SD-1397; Phytopathol. 86(1 1 ), S36, 1996; e. g.
  • B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum MBI600 also referred to as 1430 (NRRL B-50595; Int. J. Microbiol. Res. 3(2) (201 1 ), 120-130; US 2012/0149571 A1 ; e. g. Integral®, Subtilex® NG from BASF Corp., USA), B. amyloliquefaciens spp. plantarum TJ1000 (also called 1 BE; CA 2471555 A1 ; ATCC BAA-390; e. g.
  • B. mojavensis AP-209 NRRL B- 50616; US 8,445,255
  • B. mycoides AQ726 NRRL B-21664; US 5,906,818; from Bayer Crop Science, Germany
  • B. mycoides strain J e.g. BmJ WG from Certis, USA against potato virus Y
  • B. pumilus GB34 ATCC 700814; e. g. YieldShield® from Gustafson LLC, TX, USA
  • B. pumilus GHA 180 isolated from apple tree rhizosphere in Mexico IDAC 260707-01 ; e. g.
  • B. pumilus KFP9F (NRRL B-50754; WO 2014/029697; e. g. BAC-UP or FUSION-P from BASF Agricultural Specialities (Pty) Ltd., South Africa), B. pumilus INR-7 otherwise referred to as BU-F22 and BU-F33 (NRRL B-50185, NRRL B-50153; US 8,445,255), B. pumilus QST 2808 (NRRL B-30087; e. g.
  • B. japonicum TA-1 1 (TA1 1 NOD + ) (NRRL B-18466; US 5,021 ,076; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56, 2399-2403, 1990; e. g. VAULT® NP, from BASF Corp., USA), B. japonicum strains deposited at USDA known from US 7,262,151 and Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
  • WO 2003/57861 e. g. BioBoost® from Brett Young, Winnipeg, Canada
  • Glomus intraradices e. g. Myc® 4000 from ITHEC, France
  • Glomus intraradices RTI-801 e. g. MYKOS from Xtreme Gardening, USA or RTI Reforestation Technologies International; USA
  • harpin preferably alpha-beta protein (Science 257, 85-88, 1992; e. g. MessengerTM or HARP-N-Tek from Plant Health Care pic, U.K.)
  • Mesorhizobium ciceri CC1 collected in Israel from Cicer arietinum nodules (UPM 848, CECT 5549; Can. J. Microbiol. 48, 279-284, 2002; from
  • M. huakuii HN3015 isolated from Astralagus sinicus in a rice-growing field of Southern China (World J. Microbiol. Biotechn. 23(6), 845-851 , 2007, ISSN 0959-3993), M. /of/ ' CC829 isolated from L. ulginosus nodules in USA (NZP 2012; commerical inoculant for Lotus pedunculatus and L. ulginosus in Australia), and M.
  • P. lilacinus BCP2 (NRRL 50756; Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 101 - 2, 263-275, 2013; e. g. PL Gold from BASF Agricultural Specialities (Pty) Ltd., South Africa), Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6 (WO 2014/029697; NRRL B-50755; e.g. BAC-UP from BASF Agricultural Specialities (Pty) Ltd., South Africa in mixture with Bacillus pumilus KFP9F), Pasteuria sp. ATCC PTA-9643 (WO 2010/085795), Pasteuria sp. Ph3 isolated from turfgrass soil samples collected at the DeBary Golf Course in central Florida (ATCC SD-5832;
  • WO 2012/064527 for control of Hoplolaimus galeatus nematode from Pasteuria Bioscience, Inc. now Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, USA), Pasteuria sp. Pr3 isolated from soil samples collected in the southeastern United States (ATCC SD-5834; for control of Rotylenchulus reniformis nematode potentially of species P. ramosa; Naviva® ST from Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, USA), P. nishizawae (WO 2010/80619), P. nishizawae Pn1 (Federal Register 76(22), 5808, February 2, 201 1 ; ATCC SD-5833; e.g. ClarivaTM PN from Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, USA), P. penetrans (US 5,248,500; Del Monte Corp.), P. ramosa
  • Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli ⁇ e. g. RHIZO-STICK from BASF Corp., USA
  • R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli RG-B10 USDA 9041 ; from Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46(1 ), 240-244, 1996; Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50, 159-170, 2000; e. g.
  • viciae P1 NP3Cst being a Streptomycin-resis- tant mutant of P1 NP3C isolated from pea root nodules in Breteniere, France (also referred to as 1435; New Phytol. 176, 680-690, 2007; ibid. 179(1 ), 224-235, 2008; e. g. Nodulator® PL Peat Granule from BASF Corp., USA; or Nodulator® XL PL from BASF Agricultural Specialties Ltd., Canada), R. I. bv. viciae RG-P2 also called P2 isolated from pea root nodules in Sakatchewan, Canada (e.
  • RhizUP peat for peas and lentils in Canada from BASF Agricultural Specialties Ltd., Canada R. I. bv. viciae SU303 (e. g. Nodulaid® Group E from BASF Agricultural Specialties Pty Ltd, Australia), R. I. bv. viciae WSM1455 (e. g. Nodulaid® Group F from BASF Agricultural Specialties Pty Ltd, Australia), R. tropici CC5 ⁇ ⁇ (Agronomy, N.Z. 36, 4-35, 2006; e. g. Nodulaid® peat for common bean from BASF Agricultural Specialties Pty Ltd, Australia),
  • Sinorhizobium meliloti RCR201 1 also called 201 1 or SU47 (MSDJ0848; Mol. Gen. Genomics 272, 1-17, 2004; e. g. Dormal® Alfalfa & Luzerne from BASF Corp., USA; Nitragin® Gold from Novozymes Biologicals BioAg Group, Canada).
  • Nitragin Nitragin strain collection, The Nitragin Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, NRRL or ARSEF (collection of entomopathogenic fungi): ARS Culture Collection of the National Center for Agri- cultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S.
  • component 1 ) in the mixtures comprises at least one nitrogen fixing bacteria I strain selected from Bradyrhizobium elkanii U-1301 (1.1 1 ), B.
  • WSM1497 (1.34), Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli RG-B10 (1.35), R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli (1.36), R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii 095 (I.37), R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii CB7 ' 82 (1.38), R. leguminosarum bv. info/// CC 1099 (1.39), R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii CC275e (1.40), R leguminosarum bv. info/// CC283b (1.41 ), R leguminosarum bv. info// RP1 13-7 (1.42), R leguminosarum bv. info/// ⁇ 1 (1.43), R leguminosarum bv. info/// WSM 1325 (1.44), R
  • leguminosarum bv. info/// WSM2304 (1.45)
  • leguminosarum bv. viciae P1 NP3Cst (1.46)
  • leguminosarum bv. viciae RG-P2 (1.47)
  • leguminosarum bv. viciae SU303 (1.48)
  • component 2) in the mixtures comprises at least one biopesticides II strain selected from Bacillus altitudinis 41 KF2b (11.1 ), B. amyloliquefaciens AP- 136 (II.2), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-188 (II.3), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (II.4), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (II.5), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-295 (II.6), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum D747 (II.7), 6. amyloliquefaciens ssp.
  • biopesticides II strain selected from Bacillus altitudinis 41 KF2b (11.1 ), B. amyloliquefaciens AP- 136 (II.2), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-188 (II.
  • plantarum FZB24 (II.8), S. amyloliquefaciens ssp. p/an- ia/x/m FZB42 (II.9), 6. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum GB03 (11.10), 6. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum MBI600 (11.1 1 ), S. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum QST-713 (11.12), 6. amylolique- faciens ssp. plantarum TJ 1000 (11.13), 6. f/rmus CNCM 1-1582 (11.14), 6. megaterium H491 (11.15), 6. megaterium J142 (11.16), 6.
  • megaterium M018 (11.17), 6. mojavensis AP-209 (11.18), 6. mojavensis SR1 1 (11.19), 6. mycoides AQ726 (II .20), 6. mycoides J (11.21 ), 6. pum/Vus GB34 (II.22), ⁇ . pumilus GHA 180 (II.23), B. pumilus INR-7 (II.24), 6. pum/Vus KFP9F (II.25), 6. pu- m/Vus QST 2808 (II.26), 6. s/mp/ex ABU 288 (II.27), 6. suoi///s CX-9060 (II.28), 6.
  • suoi///s FB17 (11.29), 6. suoi/V/s GB07 (11.30), Burkholderia sp. A396 (11.31 ), Coniothyrium minitans CON/M/91 - 08 (II.32), Paecilomyces lilacinus 251 (11.33), Paecilomyces lilacinus BCP2 (II.34), Paenibacillus a/i/e/ NAS6G6 (11.35), Paenibacillus polymyxa PKB1 (II.36), Paenibacilllus popilliae 14F-D80 (II.37), P.
  • component 2) in the mixtures comprises at least one biopesticides II strain selected from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum D747 (II.7), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum FZB24 (II.8), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum FZB42 (II.9), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum MBI600 (11.1 1 ), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum QST-713 (11.12), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp.
  • biopesticides II strain selected from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum D747 (II.7), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum FZB24 (II.8), B. amyloliquefaci
  • A396 (11.31 ), Coniothyrium m/n/fans CON/M/91 -08 (II.32), Paecilomyces Hlacinus 2b (II.33), Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6 (II.35), Pasteuria nishizawae Pn1 (II .39), P. bilaiae AJCC 18309 (II.46), P. bilaiae AJCC 20851 (11.47) and P. bilaiae AJCC 22348 (11.48).
  • component 2) in the mixtures comprises at least one biopesticide II selected from abscisic acid (II.58), harpin protein (II.59), cis-jasmone (II.60) and methyl-jasmonate (11.61 ); more preferably selected from harpin protein, cis-jasmone and methyl- jasmonate; in particular methyl jasmonate.
  • biopesticide II selected from abscisic acid (II.58), harpin protein (II.59), cis-jasmone (II.60) and methyl-jasmonate (11.61 ); more preferably selected from harpin protein, cis-jasmone and methyl- jasmonate; in particular methyl jasmonate.
  • the mixtures comprise at least four active cmponents, wherein component 2) in the mixtures comprises at least one biopesticides II strain selected from Bacillus altitudinis 41 KF2b (11.1 ), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-136 (11.2), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-188 (II.3), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (II.4), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (II.5), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-295 (II.6), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum D747 (II.7), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum FZB24 (II.8), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum FZB42 (II.9), B.
  • amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum GB03 (11.10), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum MBI600 (11.1 1 ), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum QST-713 (11.12), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plan- farum TJ1000 (11.13), B. firmus C C 1-1582 (11.14), B. megaterium H491 (11.15), B. megaterium J142 (11.16), B. megaterium M018 (11.17), B. mojavensis AP-209 (11.18), B. moja vensis SR1 1 (11.19), 6.
  • A396 (11.31 ), Coniothyrium minitans CON/M/91 -08 (II.32), Paecilomyces lilacinus 251 (II.33), Paecilomyces lilacinus BCP2 (II.34), Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6 (II.35), Paenibacillus polymyxa PKB1 (II.36), Paenibacilllus popilliae 14F-D80 (II.37), P.
  • component 4 is at least one biopesticide II selected from abscisic acid (II.58), harpin protein (II.59), cis-jasmone
  • the mixtures comprise at least four active cmponents, wherein component 2) in the mixtures comprises at least one biopesticides II strain selected from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum D747 (II.7), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum FZB24 (11.8), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum FZB42 (11.9), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum MBI600 (11.1 1 ), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum QST-713 (11.12), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp.
  • A396 (11.31 ), Coniothyrium minitans CON/M/91 - 08 (11.32), Paecilomyces Hlacinus 2b (11.33), Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6 (11.35), Pasteuria nishizawae Pn1 (II.39), P. bilaiae ATCC 18309 (II.46), P. bilaiae AJCC 20851 (II.47) and P.
  • component 4 is at least one biopesticide II selected from abscisic acid (II.58), harpin (II.59), cis-jasmone (II.60) and methyl-jasmonate (11.61 ); more preferably cis-jasmone (II.60) or methyl-jasmonate (11.61 ), in particular methyl jasmonate (11.61 ).
  • mutant refers a microorganism obtained by direct mutant selection but also includes microorganisms that have been further mutagenized or otherwise manipulated (e. g., via the introduction of a plasmid). Accordingly, embodiments include mutants, variants, and or derivatives of the respective microorganism, both naturally occurring and artificially induced mutants. For example, mutants may be induced by subjecting the microorganism to known mutagens, such as X-ray, UV radiation or N-methyl-nitrosoguanidine, using conventional methods. Subsequent to said treatments a screening for mutant strains showing the desired characteristics may be performed.
  • mutagens such as X-ray, UV radiation or N-methyl-nitrosoguanidine
  • Mutant strains may be obtained by any methods known in the art such as direct mutant selection, chemical mutagenesis or genetic manipulation (e. g., via the introduction of a plasmid).
  • such mutants are obtainable by applying a known mutagen, such as X-ray, UV radiation or N-methyl-nitrosoguanidine. Subsequent to said treatments a screening for mutant strains showing the desired characteristics may be performed.
  • component 1 ) in the mixtures is a nitrogen fixing- bacterium I strain as defined herein or a mutant thereof having nitrogen-fixing activity as defined herein.
  • the mutant of is obtained by direct mutant selection optionally after being subjected to mutagens.
  • component 2) in the mixtures is a beipesticide I strain or a mutant thereof having any pesticidal or other activity as defined herein.
  • the mutant of is obtained by direct mutant selection optionally after being subjected to mutagens.
  • component 3) in the mixtures comprises at least one chemical pesticide III from the groups A) to O) selected from:
  • inhibitors of complex III at Q 0 site selected from: pyraclostrobin (III.A.1 ), azoxystrobin (III.A.2), picoxystrobin (III.A.3), trifloxystrobin (III.A.4);
  • fungicidal azole compounds selected from: ipconazole (III.E.1 ), difenoconazole (III.E.2), prothioconazole (III.E.3), prochloraz (III.E.4), triticonazole (III.E.5), flutriafol (III.E.6), cyproconazole (III.E.7), fluquinconazole (III.E.8), tebuconazole (III.E.9), triadimenol (III. E.10), thiabendazole (III. E.1 1 );
  • F Oomycetes fungicides selected from: oxathiapiprolin (III.F.1 ), valifenalate (III.F.2), metalaxyl (III.F.3), mefenoxam (III.F.4), ethaboxam (III.F.5), dimethomorph (III.F.6);
  • Fungicidal MAP / histidine kinase inhibitor fludioxonil (III.G.1 );
  • benzimidazole compounds selected from: thiophanate-methyl (III.H.1 ), carbendazim
  • dithiocarbamate compounds selected from: thiram (III.1.1 ), ziram (III.I.2);
  • GABA antagonist compound fipronil (III.J.1 );
  • M pyrethroid sodium channel modulators selected from: tefluthrin (III.M.1 ), bifenthrin
  • N system ically-active neonicotinoid compounds: clothianidin (III.N.1 ), imidacloprid (III.N.2), thiamethoxam (III.N.3), dinotefuran (III.N.4), acetamiprid (III.N.5), flupyradifurone (III.N.6), thiacloprid (III.N.7), triflumezopyrim (III.N.8);
  • component 3) comprises in the mixtures at least one chemical pesticide III from the fungicidal groups A), B), E) and F) selected from:
  • A) inhibitor of complex III at Q 0 site pyraclostrobin (III.A.1 );
  • Oomycetes fungicides selected from: oxathiapiprolin (III.F.1 ), valifenalate (III.F.2).
  • component 3) in the mixtures comprises at least one chemical pesticide III from the insecticidal groups J), K) and L) selected from:
  • GABA antagonist compound fipronil (III.J.1 );
  • the present invention relates to mixtures comprising, as active components, 1 ) at least one nitrogen-fixing bacterium I selected from: Azospirillum brasilense,
  • biopesticide II selected from: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum D747, B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum FZB24, B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum FZB42, B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum MBI600, B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum QST-713, 6. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum TJ1000, 6. f/ ' rmus CNCM 1-1582, 6. pumilus GHA 180, B. pumilus INR-7, B.
  • pumilus QST 2808 6. simplex ABU 288, 6. su //s FB17, Burkholderia sp. A396, Coniothyrium minitans CON/M/91 -08, Paecilomyces lilacinus 25' ⁇ , Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6, Pasteuria nishizawae Pn1 , P. a/ ' ae ATCC 18309 , P. bilaiae AJCC 20851 , P. bilaiae ATCC 22348; cis-jasmone, methyl jasmonate; harpin protein;
  • inhibitors of complex III at Q 0 site selected from: pyraclostrobin (III.A.1 );
  • fungicidal azole compounds selected from: ipconazole (III.E.1 );
  • Oomycetes fungicides selected from: oxathiapiprolin (III.F.1 ), valifenalate (III.F.2);
  • GABA antagonist compound fipronil (III.J.1 );
  • the present invention furthermore relates to agrochemical compositions comprising a mixture of component 1 ), component 2) and component 3) as described above, and if desired at least one suitable auxiliary.
  • Table 1 Compositions comprising as active components: as component 1 ) one nitrogen-fixing bacterium (in Column Co. 1 ) and as component 2) (in Column Co. 2) one biopesticide II.
  • compositions 1 .1 to 1.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise pyraclostrobin as component 3).
  • compositions 2.1 to 2.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise azoxystrobin as component 3).
  • compositions 3.1 to 3.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise picoxystrobin as component 3).
  • compositions 4.1 to 4.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise trifloxystrobin as component 3).
  • compositions 5.1 to 5.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise fluxapyroxad as component 3).
  • compositions 6.1 to 6.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise boscalid as component 3).
  • compositions 7.1 to 7.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise penflufen as component 3).
  • compositions 8.1 to 8.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise penthiopyrad as component 3).
  • compositions 9.1 to 9.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise sedaxane as component 3).
  • compositions 10.1 to 10.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise fluopyram as component 3).
  • compositions 1 1.1 to 1 1.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise carboxin as
  • compositions 12.1 to 12.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise silthiofam as component 3).
  • compositions 13.1 to 13.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise ipconazole as component 3).
  • compositions 14.1 to 14.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise difenoconazole as component 3).
  • compositions 15.1 to 15.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise prothioconazole as component 3). Also especially preferred are compositions 16.1 to 16.1881 , which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise prochloraz as component 3).
  • compositions 17.1 to 17.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise triticonazole as component 3).
  • compositions 19.1 to 18.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise flutriafol as component 3).
  • compositions 20.1 to 20.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise cyproconazole as component 3).
  • compositions 21.1 to 21 .1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise fluquinconazole as component 3).
  • compositions 22.1 to 22.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise tebuconazole as component 3).
  • compositions 23.1 to 23.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise triadimenol as component 3).
  • compositions 24.1 to 24.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise thiabendazole as component 3).
  • compositions 26.1 to 25.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise thio-phanate-methyl as component 3).
  • compositions 27.1 to 27.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise carbendazim as component 3).
  • compositions 28.1 to 28.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise thiram as component 3).
  • compositions 29.1 to 29.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise ziram as component 3).
  • compositions 30.1 to 30.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise oxathiapiprolin as component 3).
  • compositions 31.1 to 31 .1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise valifenalate as component 3). Also especially preferred are compositions 32.1 to 32.1881 , which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise metalaxyl as component 3).
  • compositions 33.1 to 33.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise mefenoxam as component 3).
  • compositions 34.1 to 34.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise ethaboxam as component 3).
  • compositions 35.1 to 35.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise dimethomorph as component 3).
  • compositions 36.1 to 36.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise fludioxonil as component 3).
  • compositions 37.1 to 37.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise fipronil as component 3).
  • compositions 38.1 to 38.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise chlorantraniliprole as component 3).
  • compositions 39.1 to 39.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise cyantraniliprole as component 3).
  • compositions 40.1 to 40.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise tefluthrin as component 3).
  • compositions 41.1 to 41 .1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise bifenthrin as component 3).
  • compositions 42.1 to 42.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise cypermethrin as component 3).
  • compositions 43.1 to 43.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise alpha-cypermethrin as component 3).
  • compositions 44.1 to 44.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise imidacloprid as component 3).
  • compositions 45.1 to 45.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise thiamethoxam as component 3). Also especially preferred are compositions 46.1 to 46.1881 , which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise dinotefuran as component 3).
  • compositions 47.1 to 47.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise acetamiprid as component 3).
  • compositions 48.1 to 48.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise flupyridafurone as component 3).
  • compositions 49.1 to 49.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise thiacloprid as component 3).
  • compositions 50.1 to 50.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise triflumezopyrim as component 3).
  • compositions 51.1 to 51.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise sulfoxaflor as component 3).
  • compositions 52.1 to 52.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise acephate as component 3).
  • compositions 53.1 to 54.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise chlorpyrifos as component 3).
  • compositions 55.1 to 55.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise thiodicarb as component 3).
  • compositions 56.1 to 56.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise abamectin as component 3).
  • compositions 57.1 to 57.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise spinosad as component 3).
  • compositions 58.1 to 58.1881 which differ from the corresponding compositions 1 to 1881 of Table 1 only in that they additionally comprise clothianidin as component 3).
  • compositions 1 .1 to 58.1881 described above comprise the active components in synergistically effective amounts. Ratios are defined below.
  • microorganisms in the groups of nitrogen-fixing bacteria I and biopesticides II may be isolated or substantially purified.
  • isolated or substantially purified refers to microorganisms that have been removed from a natural environment and have been isolated or separated, and are at least 60% free, preferably at least 75% free, and more preferably at least 90% free, even more preferably at least 95% free, and most preferably at least 100% free from other components with which they were naturally associated.
  • an “isolated culture” or “substantially purified culture” refers to a culture of the microbial pesticides that does not include significant amounts of other materials such as other materials which normally are found in natural habitat in which the microbial pesticides grows and/or from which the microbial pesticides normally may be obtained.
  • An “isolated culture” may be a culture that does not include any other biological, microorganism, and/or bacterial species in quantities sufficient to interfere with the replication of the isolated culture. Isolated cultures of microbial pesticides may, however, be combined to prepare a mixed culture of microbial pesticides.
  • the microorganisms may be supplied in any physiological state such as active or dormant.
  • Dormant microbial pesticides may be supplied for example frozen, dried, or lyophilized or partly desiccated (procedures to produce partly desiccated organisms are given in
  • microorganisms in the groups of nitrogen-fixing bacteria I and biopesticides II used as organism in an active state can be delivered in a growth medium without any additional additives or materials or in combination with suitable nutrient mixtures.
  • microorganisms in biopesticides II are preferably delivered and formulated in a dormant stage, more preferably in form of spores.
  • the mixtures and compositions thereof according to the invention can, in the use form as pesticides, fungicides and/or insecticides, also be present together with further pesticides, e. g. with herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators, fungicides; or else with fertilizers, as pre-mix or, if appropriate, not until immeadiately prior to use (tank mix).
  • further pesticides e. g. with herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators, fungicides; or else with fertilizers, as pre-mix or, if appropriate, not until immeadiately prior to use (tank mix).
  • mixtures and compositions according to the invention are suitable as fungicides. They are distinguished by an outstanding effectiveness against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, including soil-borne fungi, which derive especially from the classes of the
  • Zygomycetes Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes (syn. Fungi imperfecti). Some are systemically effective and they can be used in crop protection as foliar fungicides, fungicides for seed dressing and soil fungicides. Moreover, they are suitable for controlling harmful fungi, which inter alia occur in wood or roots of plants.
  • the mixtures and compositions according to the invention are particularly important in the control of a multitude of phytopathogenic fungi on various cultivated plants, such as cereals, e. g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beet, e. g. sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e. g.
  • cereals e. g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice
  • beet e. g. sugar beet or fodder beet
  • fruits such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e. g.
  • inventive mixtures and compositions are used for controlling a multitude of fungi on field crops, such as potatoes sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rape, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or squashes.
  • field crops such as potatoes sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rape, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or squashes.
  • plant propagation material is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (e. g.
  • potatoes which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil.
  • These young plants may also be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion or pouring.
  • treatment of plant propagation materials with the inventive mixtures and compositions thereof, respectively is used for controlling a multitude of fungi on cereals, such as wheat, rye, barley and oats; rice, corn, cotton and soybeans.
  • cultiva plants is to be understood as including plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering including but not limiting to agricultural biotech products on the market or in development (cf. http://cera-gmc.org/, see GM crop database therein).
  • Genetically modified plants are plants, which genetic material has been so modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that under natural circumstances cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutations or natural recombination.
  • one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant.
  • Such genetic modifications also include but are not limited to targeted post-transtional modification of protein(s), oligo- or polypeptides e. g. by glycosylation or polymer additions such as prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties.
  • hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors HPPD
  • acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors such as sulfonyl ureas (see e. g. US 6,222,100, WO 01/82685, WO 00/26390, WO 97/41218, WO 98/02526, WO 98/02527, WO 04/106529, WO 05/20673, WO 03/14357, WO 03/13225, WO 03/14356, WO 04/16073) or imidazolinones (see e. g. US 6,222,100, WO 01/82685,
  • WO 00/026390 WO 97/41218, WO 98/002526, WO 98/02527, WO 04/106529, WO 05/20673, WO 03/014357, WO 03/13225, WO 03/14356, WO 04/16073); enolpyruvylshikimate-3- phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitors, such as glyphosate (see e. g. WO 92/00377);
  • EPSPS enolpyruvylshikimate-3- phosphate synthase
  • GGS inhibitors such as glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors, such as glufosinate (see e.g. EP-A 242 236, EP-A 242 246) or oxynil herbicides (see e. g. US 5,559,024) as a result of conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering.
  • GS glutamine synthetase
  • Several cultivated plants have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by conventional methods of breeding (mutagenesis), e. g. Clearfield ® summer rape (Canola, BASF SE, Germany) being tolerant to imidazolinones, e. g. imazamox.
  • plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more insecticidal proteins, especially those known from the bacterial genus Bacillus, particularly from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as ⁇ -endotoxins, e. g. CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CrylF, CrylF(a2), CryllA(b), CrylllA, CrylllB(bl ) or Cry9c; vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), e. g. VIP1 , VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A; insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonizing nematodes, e. g. Photorhabdus spp.
  • VIP1 , VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A vegetative insecticidal proteins
  • toxins produced by animals such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins, or other insect-specific neurotoxins
  • toxins produced by fungi such Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea or barley lectins; agglutinins
  • proteinase inhibitors such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin or papain inhibitors
  • ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP) such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin
  • steroid metabolism enzymes such as 3- hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-IDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors or HMG-CoA-reductase
  • ion channel blockers such as blockers of sodium or calcium
  • these insecticidal proteins or toxins are to be understood expressly also as pre-toxins, hybrid proteins, truncated or otherwise modified proteins.
  • Hybrid proteins are characterized by a new combination of protein domains, (see, e. g. WO 02/015701 ). Further examples of such toxins or genetically modified plants capable of synthesizing such toxins are disclosed, e. g., in
  • the methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, e. g. in the publications mentioned above.
  • These insecticidal proteins contained in the genetically modified plants impart to the plants producing these proteins tolerance to harmful pests from all taxonomic groups of athropods, especially to beetles (Coeloptera), two-winged insects (Diptera), and moths (Lepidoptera) and to nematodes (Nematoda).
  • WO 03/018810 MON 863 from Monsanto Europe S.A., Belgium (corn cultivars producing the Cry3Bb1 toxin), IPC 531 from Monsanto Europe S.A., Belgium (cotton cultivars producing a modified version of the CrylAc toxin) and 1507 from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Belgium (corn cultivars producing the Cryl F toxin and PAT enzyme).
  • plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the resistance or tolerance of those plants to bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens.
  • proteins are the so-called
  • pathogenesis-related proteins PR proteins, see, e. g. EP-A 392 225
  • plant disease resistance genes e. g. potato cultivars, which express resistance genes acting against Phytophthora infestans derived from the mexican wild potato Solanum bulbocastanum
  • T4-lysozym e. g. potato cultivars capable of synthesizing these proteins with increased resistance against bacteria such as Erwinia amylvora.
  • the methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, e. g. in the publications mentioned above.
  • plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the productivity (e. g. bio mass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content), tolerance to drought, salinity or other growth-limiting environmental factors or tolerance to pests and fungal, bacterial or viral pathogens of those plants.
  • productivity e. g. bio mass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content
  • plants are also covered that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve human or animal nutrition, e. g. oil crops that produce health-promoting long-chain omega-3 fatty acids or unsaturated omega-9 fatty acids (e. g. Nexera ® rape, DOW Agro
  • plants are also covered that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve raw material production, e. g. potatoes that produce increased amounts of amylopectin (e. g. Amflora ® potato, BASF SE, Germany).
  • a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content specifically to improve raw material production, e. g. potatoes that produce increased amounts of amylopectin (e. g. Amflora ® potato, BASF SE, Germany).
  • inventive mixtures and compositions are particularly suitable for controlling the following plant diseases:
  • Albugo spp. white rust
  • vegetables e. g. A. Candida
  • sunflowers e. g. A. tragopogonis
  • Alternaria spp. Alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables, rape (A. brassicola or brassicae), sugar beets (A. tenuis), fruits, rice, soybeans, potatoes (e. g. A. solani or A.
  • alternata tomatoes (e. g. A. solani or A. alternata) and wheat; Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beets and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on cereals and vegetables, e. g. A. tritici (anthracnose) on wheat and A. hordei on barley; Bipolaris and Drechslera spp. (teleomorph: Cochliobolus spp.) on corn (e. g. D. maydis), cereals (e. g. B. sorokiniana: spot blotch), rice (e. g. B.
  • Ceratocystis (syn. Ophiostoma) spp. (rot or wilt) on broad-leaved trees and evergreens, e. g. C. ulmi (Dutch elm disease) on elms; Cercospora spp. (Cercospora leaf spots) on corn, rice, sugar beets (e. g. C. beticola), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (e. g. C. sojina or C. kikuchii) and rice; Cladosporium spp. on tomatoes (e. g. C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals, e. g. C.
  • herbarum black ear
  • Claviceps purpurea ergot
  • Cochliobolus anamorph: Helminthosporium of Bipolaris
  • spp. leaf spots
  • corn C. carbonum
  • cereals e. g. C. sativus, anamorph: B. sorokiniana
  • rice e. g. C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H.
  • teleomorph Nectria or Neonectria spp.
  • fruit trees canker or young vine decline
  • teleomorph Nectria or Neonectria spp.
  • fruit trees canker or young vine decline
  • teleomorph Nectria or Neonectria spp.
  • vines e. g. C. liriodendri, teleomorph: Neonectria liriodendri: Black Foot Disease
  • Dematophora teleomorph: Rosellinia necatrix (root and stem rot) on soybeans
  • Diaporthe spp. e. g. D. phaseolorum (damping off) on soybeans
  • Drechslera sertraolorum
  • Monilinia spp. e. g. M. laxa, M. fructicola and M. fructigena (bloom and twig blight, brown rot) on stone fruits and other rosaceous plants; Mycosphaerella spp. on cereals, bananas, soft fruits and ground nuts, such as e. g. M. graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici, Septoria blotch) on wheat; Peronospora spp. (downy mildew) on cabbage (e. g. P. brassicae), rape (e. g. P.
  • phaseoli, teleomorph Diaporthe phaseolorum
  • Physoderma maydis brown spots
  • Phytophthora spp. wilt, root, leaf, fruit and stem root
  • various plants such as paprika and cucurbits (e. g. P. capsici), soybeans (e. g. P. megasperma, syn. P. sojae), potatoes and tomatoes (e. g. P. infestans: late blight) and broad-leaved trees (e. g. P. ramorum: sudden oak death);
  • Plasmodiophora brassicae club root
  • cabbage rape, radish and other plants
  • Plasmopara spp. e.
  • Drechslera tritici-repentis (tan spot) on wheat or P. feres (net blotch) on barley; Pyricularia spp., e. g. P. oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea, rice blast) on rice and P. grisea on turf and cereals; Pythium spp. (damping-off) on turf, rice, corn, wheat, cotton, rape, sunflowers, soybeans, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants (e. g. P. ultimum or P. aphani- dermatum); Ramularia spp., e. g. R.
  • collo-cygni (Ram ularia leaf spots, Physiological leaf spots) on barley and R. beticola on sugar beets; Rhizoctonia spp. on cotton, rice, potatoes, turf, corn, rape, potatoes, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants, e. g. R. solani (root and stem rot) on soybeans, R. solani (sheath blight) on rice or R.
  • Leptosphaeria [syn. Phaeosphaeria] nodorum) on wheat; Synchytrium endobioticum on potatoes (potato wart disease); Taphrina spp., e. g. T. deformans (leaf curl disease) on peaches and T. pruni (plum pocket) on plums; Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) on tobacco, pome fruits, vegetables, soybeans and cotton, e. g. T. basicola (syn. Chalara elegans); Tilletia spp.
  • mixtures and compositions of the present invention are effective against plant pathogens in speciality crops such as vine, fruits, hop, vegetables and tabacco.
  • Bacteria pathogenic for plants are responsible for devastating losses in agriculture.
  • the use of antibiotics to control such infections is restricted in many countries due to worries over the evolution and transmission of antibiotic resistance.
  • mixtures and compositions according to the invention are also suitable as bactericides. They are distinguished by an outstanding effectiveness against a broad spectrum of
  • phytopathogenic bacteria including soil-borne bacteria, which derive especially from the genera of Agrobacterium, Clavibacter, Corynebacterium, Erwinia, Leifsonia, Pectobacterium,
  • Xanthomonas e.g. Xanthomonas oryzae causing bacterial blight on rice
  • Xylella preferably Erwinia; even more preferably Erwinia amylovora causing fire blight on apples, pears and other memb er of the family Rosaceae.
  • the mixtures according to the present invention and compositions thereof, respectively, are also suitable for controlling harmful fungi in the protection of stored products or harvest and in the protection of materials.
  • the term "protection of materials” is to be understood to denote the protection of technical and non-living materials, such as adhesives, glues, wood, paper and paperboard, textiles, leather, paint dispersions, plastics, colling lubricants, fiber or fabrics, against the infestation and destruction by harmful microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria.
  • Ascomycetes such as Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Aureobasidium pullu- lans, Sclerophoma spp., Chaetomium spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp.;
  • Basidiomycetes such as Coniophora spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Lentinus spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp. and Tyromyces spp., Deuteromycetes such as
  • Aspergillus spp. Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichorma spp., Altemaria spp.,
  • Paecilomyces spp. and Zygomycetes such as Mucor spp., and in addition in the protection of stored products and harvest the following yeast fungi are worthy of note: Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisae.
  • the method of treatment according to the invention can also be used in the field of protecting stored products or harvest against attack of fungi and microorganisms.
  • the term "stored products” is understood to denote natural substances of plant or animal origin and their processed forms, which have been taken from the natural life cycle and for which long-term protection is desired.
  • Stored products of crop plant origin such as plants or parts thereof, for example stalks, leafs, tubers, seeds, fruits or grains, can be protected in the freshly harvested state or in processed form, such as pre-dried, moistened, comminuted, ground, pressed or roasted, which process is also known as post-harvest treatment.
  • Also falling under the definition of stored products is timber, whether in the form of crude timber, such as construction timber, electricity pylons and barriers, or in the form of finished articles, such as furniture or objects made from wood.
  • Stored products of animal origin are hides, leather, furs, hairs and the like. The combinations according the present invention can prevent
  • stored products is understood to denote natural substances of plant origin and their processed forms, more preferably fruits and their processed forms, such as pomes, stone fruits, soft fruits and citrus fruits and their processed forms.
  • the mixtures and compositions according to the invention are particularly important in the control of a multitude of phytopathogenic insects or other pests (e.g. lepidopterans, beetles, dipterans, thrips, heteropterans, hemiptera, homoptera, termites, orthopterans, arachnids, and nematodes) on various cultivated plants, such as cereals, e. g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beet, e. g. sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e. g.
  • insects or other pests e.g. lepidopterans, beetles, dipterans, thrips, heteropterans, hemiptera, homoptera, termites, orthopterans, arachnids, and nematodes
  • various cultivated plants such as cereals, e
  • vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or paprika; lauraceous plants, such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor; energy and raw material plants, such as corn, soybean, rape, sugar cane or oil palm; corn; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; vines (table grapes and grape juice grape vines); hop; turf; natural rubber plants or ornamental and forestry plants, such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees or evergreens, e. g. conifers; and on the plant propagation material, such as seeds, and the crop material of these plants.
  • lauraceous plants such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor
  • energy and raw material plants such as corn, soybean, rape, sugar cane or oil palm
  • corn tobacco
  • nuts coffee
  • bananas vines (table grapes and grape juice grape vines)
  • hop turf
  • natural rubber plants or ornamental and forestry plants such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees
  • inventive mixtures and compositions are used for controlling a multitude of pests on field crops, such as potatoes sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rape, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or squashes.
  • field crops such as potatoes sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rape, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or squashes.
  • inventive mixtures and the compositions thereof, respectively, are particularly suitable for controlling the following harmful insects from the order of the
  • lepidopterans for example Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis segetum, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Argyresthia conjugella, Autographa gamma, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Cheimatobia brumata, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cydia pomonella, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatraea grandiosella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Evetria bouliana, Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Grapholitha molesta, Heliothis armigera, Heliothis viresc
  • vespertinus Crioceris asparagi, Diabrotica longicornis, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica 12- punctata, Diabrotica virgifera, Diloboderus abderus, Epilachna varivestis, Epitrix hirtipennis, Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, Hylobius abietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Ips typographus, Lema bilineata, Lema melanopus, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Limonius californicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha melolontha, Oulema oryzae, Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oryazophagus oryzae, Otiorrhynchus
  • dipterans diptera
  • Aedes aegypti dipterans
  • Aedes vexans dipterans
  • Anastrepha ludens dipterans
  • Thrips e.g. Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci,
  • hymenopterans e.g. Acromyrmex ambuguus, Acromyrmex crassispinus, Acromyrmex heiery, Acromyrmex landolti, Acromyrmex subterraneus, Athalia rosae, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana,
  • Acromyrmex ambuguus e.g. Acromyrmex ambuguus, Acromyrmex crassispinus, Acromyrmex heiery, Acromyrmex landolti, Acromyrmex subterraneus, Athalia rosae, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana
  • Heteroptera e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Euchistos heros, Eurygaster integriceps, Euschistus impictiventris, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Nezara viridula, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus guildini, Solubea insularis and Thyanta perditor,
  • Heteroptera e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Euchistos heros, Eurygaster integriceps, Euschistus im
  • Hemiptera and Homoptera e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Diaphorina citri, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Eurygaster integriceps,
  • Aulacorthum solani Brachycaudus cardui, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Empoasca fabae, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Macrosiphum avenae,
  • Macrosiphum euphorbiae Macrosiphon rosae, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius,
  • Isoptera e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Cornitermes cumulans, Heterotermes tenuis, Leucotermes flavipes, Neocapritemes opacus, Procomitermes triacifer; Reticulitermes lucifugus, Syntermes molestus, and Termes natalensis,
  • orthopterans e.g. Acheta domestica, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Forficula auricularia, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus,
  • Schistocerca peregrina Stauronotus maroccanus and Tachycines asynamorus
  • Arachnoidea such as arachnids, e.g. of the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, such as Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum, Argas persicus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ornithodorus moubata, Otobius megnini,
  • Dermanyssus gallinae, Psoroptes ovis, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Sarcoptes scabiei, and Eriophyidae spp. such as Aculus Westendali, Phyllocoptrata oleivora and Eriophyes sheldoni; Tarsonemidae spp. such as Phytonemus pallidus and
  • Tenuipalpidae spp. such as Brevipalpus phoenicis
  • Tetranychidae spp. such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus pacificus
  • inventive mixtures are suitable for combating pests of the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, Homoptera, Isoptera, and Orthoptera.
  • Meloidogyne hapla Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica and other Meloidogyne species; cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida, Globodera tabacum and other Globodera species, Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera trifolii, and other Heterodera species; seed gall nematodes, Anguina funesta, Anguina tritici and other Anguina species; stem and foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Aphelenchoides fragariae, Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi and other Aphelenchoides species; sting nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus and other Belonolaimus species; pine nematodes, Burs
  • Hemicycliophora species and Hemicriconemoides species Hirshmanniella species; lance nematodes, Hoplolaimus columbus, Hoplolaimus galeatus and other Hoplolaimus species; false root-knot nematodes, Nacobbus aberrans and other Nacobbus species; needle nematodes, Longidorus elongates and other Longidorus species; pin nematodes, Paratylenchus species; lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus curvitatus, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Pratylencus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus vulnus, Pratylenchus zeae and other Pratylenchus species; Radinaphelenchus cocophilus
  • Rotylenchulus species Scutellonema species; stubby root nematodes, Trichodorus primitivus and other Trichodorus species; Paratrichodorus minor and other Paratrichodorus species; stunt nematodes, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Tylenchorhynchus dubius and other Tylenchorhynchus species and Merlinius species; citrus nematodes, Tylenchulus semipenetrans and other
  • Tylenchulus species dagger nematodes, Xiphinema americanum, Xiphinema index, Xiphinema diversicaudatum and other Xiphinema species; and other plant parasitic nematode species
  • Plant propagation materials may be treated with the mixtures and compositions of the invention prophylactically either at or before planting or transplanting.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protection of plant propagation material from pests, wherein the plant propagation material is treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protection of plant propagation material from animal pests (insects, acarids or nematodes), wherein the plant propagation material are treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protection of plant propagation material from harmful fungi, wherein the plant propagation material is treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • pesticidally effective amount means the amount of the inventive mixtures or of compositions comprising the mixtures needed to achieve an observable effect on growth, including the effects of necrosis, death, retardation, prevention, and removal, destruction, or otherwise diminishing the occurrence and activity of the target organism.
  • the pesticidally effective amount can vary for the various mixtures / compositions used in the invention.
  • a pesticidally effective amount of the mixtures / compositions will also vary according to the prevailing conditions such as desired pesticidal effect and duration, weather, target species, locus, mode of application, and the like.
  • the present invention relates to a method for improving the health of plants, wherein the plants are treated with a plant health effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • plant health effective amount denotes an amount of the inventive mixtures, which is sufficient for achieving plant health effects as defined herein below. More exemplary information about amounts, ways of application and suitable ratios to be used is given below. Again, the skilled artisan is well aware of the fact that such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, e.g. the treated cultivated plant or material and the climatic conditions.
  • Healthier plants are desirable since they result among others in better yields and/or a better quality of the plants or crops, specifically better quality of the harvested plant parts. Healthier plants also better resist to biotic and/or abiotic stress. A high resistance against biotic stresses in turn allows the person skilled in the art to reduce the quantity of pesticides applied and consequently to slow down the development of resistances against the respective pesticides.
  • a plant suffering from fungal or insecticidal attack shows reduced germination and emergence leading to poorer plant or crop establishment and vigor, and consequently, to a reduced yield as compared to a plant propagation material which has been subjected to curative or preventive treatment against the relevant pest and which can grow without the damage caused by the biotic stress factor.
  • the methods according to the invention lead to an enhanced plant health even in the absence of any biotic stress.
  • the present invention relates to a method for improving the health of plants grown from said plant propagation material, wherein the plant propagation material is treated with an effective amount of an inventive mixture.
  • Each plant health indicator listed below which is selected from the groups consisting of yield, plant vigor, quality and tolerance of the plant to abiotic and/or biotic stress, is to be understood as a preferred embodiment of the present invention either each on its own or preferably in combination with each other.
  • "increased yield" of a plant means that the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the inventive mixture.
  • increased yield can be characterized, among others, by the following improved properties of the plant: increased plant weight; and/or increased plant height; and/or increased biomass such as higher overall fresh weight (FW); and/or increased number of flowers per plant; and/or higher grain and/or fruit yield ; and/or more tillers or side shoots (branches); and/or larger leaves; and/or increased shoot growth; and/or increased protein content; and/or increased oil content; and/or increased starch content; and/or increased pigment content; and/or increased chlorophyll content (chlorophyll content has a positive correlation with the plant's photosynthesis rate and accordingly, the higher the chlorophyll content the higher the yield of a plant) and/or increased quality of a plant.
  • Gram and “fruit” are to be understood as any plant product which is further utilized after harvesting, e.g. fruits in the proper sense, vegetables, nuts, grains, seeds, wood (e.g. in the case of silviculture plants), flowers (e.g. in the case of gardening plants, ornamentals) etc., that is anything of economic value that is produced by the plant.
  • the yield is increased by at least 4%.
  • the yield increase may even be higher, for example 5 to 10 %, more preferable by 10 to 20 %, or even 20 to 30 %
  • the yield - if measured in the absence of pest pressure - is increased by at least 2 %
  • the yield increase may even be higher, for example until 4% to 5% or even more.
  • the plant vigor becomes manifest in several aspects such as the general visual appearance.
  • improved plant vigor can be characterized, among others, by the following improved properties of the plant: improved vitality of the plant; and/or improved plant growth; and/or improved plant development; and/or improved visual appearance; and/or improved plant stand (less plant verse/lodging and/or bigger leaf blade; and/or bigger size; and/or increased plant height; and/or increased tiller number; and/or increased number of side shoots; and/or increased number of flowers per plant; and/or increased shoot growth; and/or enhanced photosynthetic activity (e.g.
  • enhanced quality means that certain plant characteristics such as the content or composition of certain ingredients are increased or improved by a measurable or noticeable amount over the same factor of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the mixtures of the present invention.
  • Enhanced quality can be characterized, among others, by following improved properties of the plant or its product: increased nutrient content; and/or increased protein content; and/or increased oil content;
  • starch content and/or increased content of fatty acids; and/or increased metabolite content; and/or increased carotenoid content; and/or increased sugar content; and/or increased amount of essential amino acids; and/or improved nutrient composition; and/or improved protein composition; and/or improved composition of fatty acids; and/or improved metabolite composition; and/or improved carotenoid composition; and/or improved sugar composition; and/or improved amino acids composition ; and/or improved or optimal fruit color; and/or improved leaf color; and/or higher storage capacity; and/or better processability of the harvested products.
  • Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the plant's tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors. Biotic and abiotic stress, especially over longer terms, can have harmful effects on plants.
  • Biotic stress is caused by living organisms while abiotic stress is caused for example by environmental extremes.
  • "enhanced tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors” means (1.) that certain negative factors caused by biotic and/or abiotic stress are diminished in a measurable or noticeable amount as compared to plants exposed to the same conditions, but without being treated with an inventive mixture and (2.) that the negative effects are not diminished by a direct action of the inventive mixture on the stress factors, e.g. by its fungicidal or insecticidal action which directly destroys the
  • Negative factors caused by biotic stress such as pathogens and pests are widely known and are caused by living organisms, such as competing plants (for example weeds),
  • microorganisms such as phythopathogenic fungi and/or bacteria
  • viruses viruses
  • Negative factors caused by abiotic stress are also well-known and can often be observed as reduced plant vigor (see above), for example:
  • less yield and/or less vigor, for both effects examples can be burned leaves, less flowers, pre-mature ripening, later crop maturity, reduced nutritional value amongst others.
  • Abiotic stress can be caused for example by: extremes in temperature such as heat or cold (heat stress / cold stress); and/or strong variations in temperature; and/or temperatures unusual for the specific season; and/or drought (drought stress); and/or extreme wetness; and/or high salinity (salt stress); and/or radiation (for example by increased UV radiation due to the decreasing ozone layer); and/or increased ozone levels (ozone stress); and/or organic pollution (for example by phythotoxic amounts of pesticides); and/or inorganic pollution (for example by heavy metal contaminants).
  • extremes in temperature such as heat or cold (heat stress / cold stress); and/or strong variations in temperature; and/or temperatures unusual for the specific season; and/or drought (drought stress); and/or extreme wetness; and/or high salinity (salt stress); and/or radiation (for example by increased UV radiation due to the decreasing ozone layer); and/or increased ozone levels (ozone stress); and/or organic pollution (for example by
  • the above identified indicators for the health condition of a plant may be interdependent and may result from each other.
  • an increased resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress may lead to a better plant vigor, e.g. to better and bigger crops, and thus to an increased yield.
  • a more developed root system may result in an increased resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress.
  • these interdependencies and interactions are neither all known nor fully understood and therefore the different indicators are described separately.
  • inventive mixtures effectuate an increased yield of a plant or its product. In another embodiment the inventive mixtures effectuate an increased vigor of a plant or its product. In another embodiment the inventive mixtures effectuate in an increased quality of a plant or its product. In yet another embodiment the inventive mixtures effectuate an increased tolerance and/or resistance of a plant or its product against biotic stress. In yet another embodiment the inventive mixtures effectuate an increased tolerance and/or resistance of a plant or its product against abiotic stress.
  • the invention also relates to agrochemical compositions comprising an auxiliary and the mixtures according to the invention and as defined above.
  • An agrochemical composition comprises a fungicidally or insecticidally effective amount of component 2) and component 3) and a plan growth and/or seed germination enhancing amount of component 1 ).
  • Such amounts can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the fungal or pest species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant or material, the climatic conditions.
  • the microorganisms as used according to the invention can be cultivated continuously or discontinuously in the batch process or in the fed batch or repeated fed batch process.
  • a review of known methods of cultivation will be found in the textbook by Chmiel (Bioreaktoren und periphere bamboo (Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden, 1994)).
  • the culture medium that is to be used must satisfy the requirements of the particular strains in an appropriate manner.
  • culture media for various microorganisms are given in the handbook "Manual of Methods for General Bacteriology” of the American Society for Bacteriology (Washington D. C, USA, 1981 ).
  • These culture media that can be used according to the invention generally comprise one or more sources of carbon, sources of nitrogen, inorganic salts, vitamins and/or trace elements.
  • Preferred sources of carbon are sugars, such as mono-, di- or polysaccharides.
  • Very good sources of carbon are for example glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, ribose, sorbose, ribulose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, raffinose, starch or cellulose.
  • Sugars can also be added to the media via complex compounds, such as molasses, or other by-products from sugar refining. It may also be advantageous to add mixtures of various sources of carbon.
  • Other possible sources of carbon are oils and fats such as soybean oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil and coconut oil, fatty acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid or linoleic acid, alcohols such as glycerol, methanol or ethanol and organic acids such as acetic acid or lactic acid.
  • Sources of nitrogen are usually organic or inorganic nitrogen compounds or materials containing these compounds.
  • sources of nitrogen include ammonia gas or ammonium salts, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate or ammonium nitrate, nitrates, urea, amino acids or complex sources of nitrogen, such as corn- steep liquor, soybean flour, soybean protein, yeast extract, meat extract and others.
  • the sources of nitrogen can be used separately or as a mixture.
  • Inorganic salt compounds that may be present in the media comprise the chloride, phosphate or sulfate salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, cobalt, molybdenum, potassium, manganese, zinc, copper and iron.
  • Inorganic sulfur-containing compounds for example sulfates, sulfites, dithionites, tetrathionates, thiosulfates, sulfides, but also organic sulfur compounds, such as mercaptans and thiols, can be used as sources of sulfur.
  • Phosphoric acid, potassium dihydrogenphosphate or dipotassium hydrogenphosphate or the corresponding sodium-containing salts can be used as sources of phosphorus.
  • Chelating agents can be added to the medium, in order to keep the metal ions in solution.
  • Especially suitable chelating agents comprise dihydroxyphenols, such as catechol or protocatechuate, or organic acids, such as citric acid.
  • the culture media used may also contain other growth factors, such as vitamins or growth promoters, which include for example biotin, riboflavin, thiamine, folic acid, nicotinic acid, pantothenate and pyridoxine. Growth factors and salts often come from complex components of the media, such as yeast extract, molasses, corn-steep liquor and the like. In addition, suitable precursors can be added to the culture medium. The precise composition of the compounds in the medium is strongly dependent on the particular experiment and must be decided individually for each specific case. Information on media optimization can be found in the textbook "Applied Microbiol. Physiology, A Practical Approach" (Publ. P.M. Rhodes, P.F. Stanbury, IRL Press (1997) p.
  • Growing media can also be obtained from commercial suppliers, such as Standard 1 (Merck) or BHI (Brain heart infusion, DIFCO) etc. All components of the medium are sterilized, either by heating (20 min at 2.0 bar and 121 °C) or by sterile filtration. The components can be sterilized either together, or if necessary separately. All the components of the medium can be present at the start of growing, or optionally can be added continuously or by batch feed.
  • the temperature of the culture of the respective microorganism is normally between 15°C and 45°C, preferably 25°C to 40°C and can be kept constant or can be varied during the experiment.
  • the pH value of the medium should be in the range from 5 to 8.5, preferably around 7.0.
  • the pH value for growing can be controlled during growing by adding basic compounds such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia or ammonia water or acid compounds such as phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid.
  • Antifoaming agents e.g. fatty acid polyglycol esters, can be used for controlling foaming.
  • suitable substances with selective action e.g. antibiotics
  • Oxygen or oxygen-containing gas mixtures e.g. the ambient air, are fed into the culture in order to maintain aerobic conditions.
  • the temperature of the culture is normally from 20°C to 45°C. Culture is continued until a maximum of the desired product has formed. This is normally achieved within 10 hours to 160 hours.
  • the cells can be disrupted optionally by high-frequency ultrasound, by high pressure, e.g. in a French pressure cell, by osmolysis, by the action of detergents, lytic enzymes or organic solvents, by means of homogenizers or by a combination of several of the methods listed.
  • the methodology of the present invention can further include a step of recovering individual compositions such as cell-free extracts, supernatants, metabolites or alike.
  • the term "recovering" includes extracting, harvesting, isolating or purifying of an extract, supernatant or metabolite e.g. from whole culture broth.
  • Recovering can be performed according to any conventional isolation or purification methodology known in the art including, but not limited to, treatment with a conventional resin (e.g., anion or cation exchange resin, non- ionic adsorption resin, etc.), treatment with a conventional adsorbent (e.g., activated charcoal, silicic acid, silica gel, cellulose, alumina, etc.), alteration of pH, solvent extraction (e.g., with a conventional solvent such as an alcohol, ethyl acetate, hexane and the like), distillation, dialysis, filtration, concentration, crystallization, recrystallization, pH adjustment, lyophilization and the like.
  • a conventional resin e.g., anion or cation exchange resin, non- ionic adsorption resin, etc.
  • a conventional adsorbent e.g., activated charcoal, silicic acid, silica gel, cellulose, alumina, etc.
  • solvent extraction e.
  • the agent can be recovered from culture media by first removing the microorganisms. The remaining broth is then passed through or over a cation exchange resin to remove unwanted cations and then through or over an anion exchange resin to remove unwanted inorganic anions and organic acids.
  • composition according to the invention such as parts of a kit or parts of a binary or ternary mixture may be mixed by the user himself in a spray tank or any other kind of vessel used for applications (e.g seed treater drums, seed pelleting machinery, knapsack sprayer) and further auxiliaries may be added, if
  • kits When living microorganisms, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria I and biopesticides II strains, form part of such kit, it must be taken care that choice and amounts of the other parts of the kit (e.g. chemcial pesticidal agents) and of the further auxiliaries should not influence the viability of the microbial pesticides in the composition mixed by the user. Especially for bactericides and solvents, compatibility with the respective microbial pesticide has to be taken into account.
  • the other parts of the kit e.g. chemcial pesticidal agents
  • the further auxiliaries should not influence the viability of the microbial pesticides in the composition mixed by the user.
  • compatibility with the respective microbial pesticide has to be taken into account.
  • one embodiment of the invention is a kit for preparing a usable pesticidal composition, the kit compring a) a composition comprising component 1 ) as defined herein and at least one auxiliary; and b) a composition comprising component 2) as defined herein and at least one auxiliary; and c) a composition comprising at least one auxiliary and active component 3) as defined herein.
  • the at least one chemical pesticide III can be converted into customary types of
  • compositions e.g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof.
  • composition types are suspensions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g. EC), emulsions (e.g. EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressings (e.g. BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g.
  • compositions types are defined in the "Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system", Technical
  • compositions are prepared in a known manner, such as described by Mollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001 ; or Knowles, New
  • Suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, tackifiers and binders.
  • Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents, such as mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, e.g. kerosene, diesel oil; oils of vegetable or animal origin; aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e. g. toluene, paraffin,
  • tetrahydronaphthalene alkylated naphthalenes
  • alcohols e.g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclohexanol
  • glycols DMSO
  • ketones e.g. cyclohexanone
  • esters e.g. lactates, carbonates, fatty acid esters, gamma-butyrolactone
  • fatty acids phosphonates
  • amines amides, e.g. N-methylpyrrolidone, fatty acid dimethylamides; and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths, e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch; fertilizers, e.g. ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas; products of vegetable origin, e.g. cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal, nutshell meal, and mixtures thereof.
  • mineral earths e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide
  • polysaccharides e.g. cellulose, starch
  • fertilizers
  • Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. Such surfactants can be used as emusifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetter, penetration enhancer, protective colloid, or adjuvant. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's, Vol.1 : Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International Ed. or North American Ed.).
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof.
  • sulfonates are alkylarylsulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignine sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated
  • tridecylbenzenes sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkylnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates.
  • sulfates are sulfates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of alcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols, or of fatty acid esters.
  • phosphates are phosphate esters.
  • carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-subsituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
  • alkoxylates are compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters which have been alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents.
  • Ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide may be employed for the alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide.
  • N-subsititued fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid
  • esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides.
  • sugar-based surfactants are sorbitans, ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose and glucose esters or alkylpolyglucosides.
  • polymeric surfactants are home- or copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vinylalcohols, or vinylacetate.
  • Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, for example quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines.
  • Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetains and imidazolines.
  • Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide.
  • Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are alkali salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are polyvinylamines or polyethyleneamines.
  • Suitable adjuvants are compounds, which have a neglectable or even no pesticidal activity themselves, and which improve the biological performance of the compound I on the target.
  • examples are surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils, and other auxilaries. Further examples are listed by Knowles, Adjuvants and additives, Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, chapter 5.
  • Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (e.g. xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose), anorganic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates.
  • Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkyliso- thiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones.
  • Suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.
  • Suitable anti-foaming agents are silicones, long chain alcohols, and salts of fatty acids.
  • Suitable colorants e.g. in red, blue, or green
  • Suitable colorants are pigments of low water solubility and water-soluble dyes. Examples are inorganic colorants (e.g. iron oxide, titan oxide, iron hexacyanoferrate) and organic colorants (e.g. alizarin-, azo- and phthalocyanine colorants).
  • Suitable tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes, and cellulose
  • compositions When living microorganisms, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria I and biopesticides II, form part of the compositions, such compositions can be prepared as compositions comprising besides the active ingredients at least one auxiliary (inert ingredient) by usual means (see e.g. H.D. Burges: Formulation of Micobial Biopestcides, Springer, 1998).
  • auxiliary inert ingredient
  • Suitable customary types of such compositions are suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof.
  • composition types are suspensions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), capsules (e.g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g.
  • WP WP
  • SP WS
  • DP DS
  • pressings e.g. BR, TB, DT
  • granules e.g. WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG
  • insecticidal articles e.g. LN
  • gel formulations for the treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds (e.g. GF).
  • Suitable formulations are e.g. mentioned in WO 2008/002371 , US 6955,912, US 5,422,107.
  • auxiliaries examples are those mentioned earlier herein, wherein it must be taken care that choice and amounts of such auxiliaries should not influence the viability of the microbial pesticides in the composition.
  • bactericides and solvents compatibility with the respective microorganism of the respective microbial pesticide has to be taken into account.
  • compositions with microbial pesticides may further contain stabilizers or nutrients and UV protectants.
  • Suitable stabilzers or nutrients are e.g. alpha-tocopherol, trehalose, glutamate, potassium sorbate, various sugars like glucose, sucrose, lactose and maltodextrine (H.D. Burges: Formulation of Micobial Biopestcides, Springer, 1998).
  • Suitable UV protectants are e.g. inorganic compouns like titan dioxide, zinc oxide and iron oxide pigments or organic compounds like benzophenones, benzotriazoles and phenyltriazines.
  • the compositions may in addition to auxiliaries mentioned for compositions comprising compounds I herein optionally comprise 0.1 - 80% stabilizers or nutrients and 0.1 -10% UV protectants.
  • composition types and their preparation are:
  • a pesticide II or the inventive mixture and 5-15 wt% wetting agent e.g. alcohol alkoxylates
  • a water-soluble solvent e.g. alcohols
  • Dispersible concentrates 5-25 wt% of a pesticide II or the inventive mixture and 1 -10 wt% dispersant (e. g.
  • polyvinylpyrrolidone are dissolved in organic solvent (e.g. cyclohexanone) ad 100 wt%. Dilution with water gives a dispersion.
  • organic solvent e.g. cyclohexanone
  • emulsifiers e.g. calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate
  • water-insoluble organic solvent e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon
  • Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)
  • emulsifiers e.g. calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate
  • water-insoluble organic solvent e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon
  • a pesticide II or the inventive mixture are comminuted with addition of 2-10 wt% dispersants and wetting agents (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate), 0.1 -2 wt% thickener (e.g. xanthan gum) and water ad 100 wt% to give a fine active substance suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance.
  • dispersants and wetting agents e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate
  • 0.1 -2 wt% thickener e.g. xanthan gum
  • a pesticide II or the inventive mixture are ground finely with addition of dispersants and wetting agents (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate) ad 100 wt% and prepared as water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (e. g. extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance.
  • dispersants and wetting agents e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate
  • wt% of a pesticide II or the inventive mixture are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addition of 1 -5 wt% dispersants (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate), 1 -3 wt% wetting agents (e.g.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des mélanges comprenant, en tant que composants actifs au moins une bactérie de fixation de l'azote, au moins un biopesticide et un pesticide chimique tels que définis dans la description, ainsi que leur utilisation dans la protection phytosanitaire, en particulier en tant que traitement de matériaux de multiplication des plantes.
PCT/EP2015/060858 2014-05-27 2015-05-18 Mélanges comprenant des bactéries de fixation de l'azote, des biopesticides et des pesticides chimiques WO2015180983A1 (fr)

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WO2017210508A1 (fr) * 2016-06-03 2017-12-07 Valent Biosciences Llc Compositions de bacillus amyloliquefaciens non huileuses et non aqueuses
US10076119B2 (en) 2012-11-22 2018-09-18 Basf Corporation Pesticidal mixtures
US10251400B2 (en) 2014-05-23 2019-04-09 Basf Se Mixtures comprising a Bacillus strain and a pesticide
CN110129209A (zh) * 2019-05-14 2019-08-16 西南林业大学 一种淡紫紫霉属真菌菌株及其应用
CN110692628A (zh) * 2019-11-08 2020-01-17 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 一种毛葡萄霜霉病防治方法以及防治药剂及其制备方法
US10701937B2 (en) 2015-02-11 2020-07-07 Basf Se Pesticidal mixture comprising a pyrazole compound, an insecticide and a fungicide
US10779536B2 (en) 2014-11-07 2020-09-22 Basf Se Pesticidal mixtures
US10905122B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2021-02-02 Basf Se Use of tetrazolinones for combating resistant phytopathogenic fungi on cereals
US11076600B2 (en) 2015-11-30 2021-08-03 Basf Se Mixtures of cis-jasmone and bacillus amyloliquefaciens
US11185078B2 (en) 2016-02-09 2021-11-30 Basf Se Mixtures and compositions comprising Paenibacillus strains or metabolites thereof and other biopesticides
CN114015629A (zh) * 2021-12-20 2022-02-08 南京林业大学 一种对大豆促生和提高益生微生物种群丰度的复合菌剂
US11241012B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2022-02-08 Basf Se Use of tetrazolinones for combating resistant phytopathogenic fungi on soybean
WO2022128812A1 (fr) 2020-12-17 2022-06-23 Basf Se Compositions de spores, leur production et leurs utilisations
US11425909B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2022-08-30 Basf Se Use of tetrazolinones for combating resistant phytopathogenic fungi on fruits
CN114946869A (zh) * 2022-06-08 2022-08-30 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） 一种用于抗病育种的澳洲坚果衰退病防治剂
WO2022191694A1 (fr) * 2021-03-12 2022-09-15 Becerra Carranza Luis Rodrigo Souche d'azospirillum brasilense, mélanges et procédé, pour favoriser le développement radiculaire de plantules végétales

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US10076119B2 (en) 2012-11-22 2018-09-18 Basf Corporation Pesticidal mixtures
US11284623B2 (en) 2012-11-22 2022-03-29 Basf Corporation Pesticidal mixtures
US10251400B2 (en) 2014-05-23 2019-04-09 Basf Se Mixtures comprising a Bacillus strain and a pesticide
US11083202B2 (en) 2014-05-23 2021-08-10 Basf Se Mixtures comprising a bacillus strain and a pesticide
US10779536B2 (en) 2014-11-07 2020-09-22 Basf Se Pesticidal mixtures
US10701937B2 (en) 2015-02-11 2020-07-07 Basf Se Pesticidal mixture comprising a pyrazole compound, an insecticide and a fungicide
US11076600B2 (en) 2015-11-30 2021-08-03 Basf Se Mixtures of cis-jasmone and bacillus amyloliquefaciens
US11185078B2 (en) 2016-02-09 2021-11-30 Basf Se Mixtures and compositions comprising Paenibacillus strains or metabolites thereof and other biopesticides
US11241012B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2022-02-08 Basf Se Use of tetrazolinones for combating resistant phytopathogenic fungi on soybean
US10905122B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2021-02-02 Basf Se Use of tetrazolinones for combating resistant phytopathogenic fungi on cereals
US11425909B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2022-08-30 Basf Se Use of tetrazolinones for combating resistant phytopathogenic fungi on fruits
WO2017210508A1 (fr) * 2016-06-03 2017-12-07 Valent Biosciences Llc Compositions de bacillus amyloliquefaciens non huileuses et non aqueuses
CN110129209A (zh) * 2019-05-14 2019-08-16 西南林业大学 一种淡紫紫霉属真菌菌株及其应用
CN110129209B (zh) * 2019-05-14 2022-05-20 西南林业大学 一种淡紫紫霉属真菌菌株及其应用
CN110692628A (zh) * 2019-11-08 2020-01-17 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 一种毛葡萄霜霉病防治方法以及防治药剂及其制备方法
CN110692628B (zh) * 2019-11-08 2021-06-25 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 一种毛葡萄霜霉病防治方法以及防治药剂及其制备方法
WO2022128812A1 (fr) 2020-12-17 2022-06-23 Basf Se Compositions de spores, leur production et leurs utilisations
WO2022191694A1 (fr) * 2021-03-12 2022-09-15 Becerra Carranza Luis Rodrigo Souche d'azospirillum brasilense, mélanges et procédé, pour favoriser le développement radiculaire de plantules végétales
CN114015629A (zh) * 2021-12-20 2022-02-08 南京林业大学 一种对大豆促生和提高益生微生物种群丰度的复合菌剂
CN114015629B (zh) * 2021-12-20 2022-04-29 南京林业大学 一种对大豆促生和提高益生微生物种群丰度的复合菌剂
CN114946869A (zh) * 2022-06-08 2022-08-30 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） 一种用于抗病育种的澳洲坚果衰退病防治剂
CN114946869B (zh) * 2022-06-08 2023-10-20 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） 一种用于抗病育种的澳洲坚果衰退病防治剂

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