WO2015180009A1 - 一种配置导频的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种配置导频的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015180009A1
WO2015180009A1 PCT/CN2014/078390 CN2014078390W WO2015180009A1 WO 2015180009 A1 WO2015180009 A1 WO 2015180009A1 CN 2014078390 W CN2014078390 W CN 2014078390W WO 2015180009 A1 WO2015180009 A1 WO 2015180009A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
user
pilot
interference
base station
users
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/078390
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
贾明
邱晶
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP14893338.5A priority Critical patent/EP3136802B1/en
Priority to CN201480078960.8A priority patent/CN106465351B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2014/078390 priority patent/WO2015180009A1/zh
Publication of WO2015180009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015180009A1/zh
Priority to US15/361,105 priority patent/US10181935B2/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H04L5/0051Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver of dedicated pilots, i.e. pilots destined for a single user or terminal
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023Time-frequency-space
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0026Division using four or more dimensions
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H04L5/005Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver of common pilots, i.e. pilots destined for multiple users or terminals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/04Wireless resource allocation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/50Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/541Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using the level of interference
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/50Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/56Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0452Multi-user MIMO systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for configuring a pilot. Background technique
  • MU-MIMO Multiple User Multiple Input Multiple Output
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A Long Term Evolution Advanced
  • the pilot signal is used to identify different antennas and guide the user to perform channel estimation so that the user can receive data correctly.
  • the pilot signal will occupy the transmission resources. For the entire communication system, excessive pilot overhead will cause congestion of the communication system, so that useful data cannot be transmitted in time.
  • the space division multiplexing technology is adopted, and the users that are paired with each other use the same pilot, and the pilot signals of the paired users are orthogonalized at the transmitting end, so that each user receives the corresponding corresponding Pilot signal.
  • the inventors have found that multiple paired users using common pilots may have interference with each other, and the strength of orthogonal pilot signals received by users with large interference is weak. Thus, although the pilot overhead is reduced, the accuracy of the user channel estimation is affected, thereby affecting the user's correct data reception.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for configuring a pilot, which can reduce pilot overhead while ensuring accuracy of user channel estimation.
  • a base station including:
  • An interference acquiring unit configured to determine, by the base station, before assigning a pilot to the first user The interference between the first user and the second user when the pilot of the second user is allocated to the first user;
  • a pilot allocation unit configured to: if the interference between the first user and the second user acquired by the interference acquiring unit is less than a preset threshold, the pilot allocated to the first user and the second The pilot used by the user is the same; if the interference between the first user and the second user acquired by the interference acquiring unit is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the pilot allocated to the first user is The pilots used by the second user are not the same.
  • the interference acquisition unit is further configured to:
  • the pilot allocation unit is further configured to: if the interference sum corresponding to the pilot of the jth second user among the N second users acquired by the interference acquiring unit is the smallest, then the jth second user A pilot is allocated to the first user; wherein, lj N.
  • the base station further includes:
  • a space division multiplexing unit configured to perform space division multiplexing on pilots of the first user and the matching user allocated by the pilot allocation unit, where the paired user is a user who uses the same pilot as the first user.
  • the space division multiplexing unit is specifically configured to:
  • Precoding the pilot of the first user and the paired user Precoding the pilot of the first user and the paired user.
  • the space division multiplexing unit is specifically configured to:
  • the base station further includes:
  • a first selecting unit configured to: the user that is not allocated the pilot, determines that the user who first adds the scheduling resource is the first user; and the scheduling resource is the scheduling resource where the user that does not allocate the pilot is located.
  • the base station further includes:
  • a second selecting unit configured to determine, as the first user, the user with the highest priority among the users who have not allocated the pilot.
  • a base station including: a processor, a memory, and a bus, wherein the processor and the memory are connected by the bus, and the memory is used to store code when the processor runs the code stored in the memory , perform the following steps:
  • the processor configured to determine, by the base station, interference between the first user and the second user, if the pilot of the second user is allocated to the first user, before the pilot is allocated to the first user;
  • the processor is further configured to: if the interference between the first user and the second user is less than a preset threshold, the pilot allocated to the first user and the guide used by the second user The frequency is the same; if the interference between the first user and the second user is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the pilot allocated to the first user is different from the pilot used by the second user. .
  • the processor is also used to:
  • the processor is further configured to: if the jth second user of the N second users The pilot corresponding to the pilot has the smallest sum, and the pilot of the jth second user is allocated to the first user; wherein, lj N.
  • the processor is further configured to:
  • the pilots of the first user and the paired user are spatially multiplexed, and the pairing user is a user who uses the same pilot as the first user.
  • the processor is specifically configured to:
  • Precoding the pilot of the first user and the paired user Precoding the pilot of the first user and the paired user.
  • the processor is specifically configured to:
  • the processor is further configured to:
  • the user who has not allocated the pilot is determined to be the first user to be added to the scheduling resource, and the scheduling resource is the scheduling resource where the user who is not allocated the pilot is located.
  • the processor is further configured to:
  • the user with the highest priority is determined as the first user.
  • a method for configuring a pilot including:
  • the base station Before the base station allocates the pilot to the first user, determining, by the base station, the interference between the first user and the second user if the pilot of the second user is allocated to the first user;
  • the method further includes:
  • the base station allocates the pilot of the jth second user to the first user; 1 j N.
  • the method further includes:
  • the base station spatially multiplexes pilots of the first user and the paired user, and the paired user is a user who uses the same pilot as the first user.
  • the base station performs space division multiplexing on pilots of the first user and the paired user, including:
  • Precoding the pilot of the first user and the paired user Precoding the pilot of the first user and the paired user.
  • the base station performs space division multiplexing on pilots of the first user and the paired user, including:
  • the method further includes:
  • the method further includes:
  • the user with the highest priority is determined as the first user.
  • the base station before the base station allocates the pilot to the first user, determining, by the base station, when the pilot of the second user is allocated to the first user, the interference between the first user and the second user;
  • the interference between the first user and the second user acquired by the unit is less than a preset threshold, and the pilot allocated by the base station to the first user is the same as the pilot used by the second user;
  • the interference between the first user and the second user acquired by the interference acquiring unit is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, and the pilot allocated by the base station to the first user and the second user are used.
  • the frequency is not the same.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a method for configuring a pilot according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a method for configuring a pilot according to another embodiment of the present invention. Intention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method for configuring a pilot according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a communication system using the MU-MIMO technology.
  • the base station needs to send a pilot to the user to guide the user to perform channel estimation, which can make the user correct.
  • One pilot corresponds to one user, or one pilot corresponds to multiple users by means of space division multiplexing.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a base station 100, configured to configure a pilot for a user, as shown in FIG. 2, including:
  • the interference acquiring unit 101 is configured to determine, before the pilot is allocated to the first user, the interference between the first user and the second user if the pilot of the second user is allocated to the first user.
  • the first user is an unassigned pilot user selected by the base station on one scheduling resource
  • the second user is a user who has already allocated a pilot.
  • the interference between the first user and the second user acquired by the interference acquiring unit 101 needs to transmit the interference data to the pilot allocation unit 102, so that the pilot allocation unit 102 allocates the interference to the first user according to the interference data.
  • the pilot allocation unit 102 allocates the interference to the first user according to the interference data.
  • User's pilot User's pilot.
  • the pilot allocation unit 102 is configured to allocate a pilot to the first user according to the interference between the first user and the second user acquired by the interference acquiring unit 101; if the first user and the first user acquired by the interference acquiring unit 101 If the interference between the two users is less than the preset threshold, the pilot allocated to the first user is the same as the pilot used by the second user; if the first user and the second acquired by the interference acquiring unit 101 Between users If the interference is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the pilot allocated to the first user is different from the pilot used by the second user.
  • the interference limit between users is less than the preset threshold, the interference between the users on the user channel has less influence on the accuracy of the user channel estimation, so as to ensure the accuracy of the user channel estimation of all users using the same pilot. .
  • the interference acquiring unit 101 is further configured to:
  • the interference corresponding to the pilots of the ith second users of the N second users is:
  • the pilot allocation unit 102 is further configured to: if the interference sum corresponding to the pilot of the jth second user among the N second users acquired by the interference acquiring unit is the smallest, the guide of the jth second user Frequency is allocated to the first user; wherein, lj N.
  • the interference between the users in the same pilot is less than the preset threshold, so as to ensure that the users in the same pilot do not interfere with each other, that is, the interference between the first user and each user of the same pilot
  • the preset threshold needs to be compared. If the interference is less than the preset threshold, the pilot can be allocated to the first user.
  • the base station 100 further includes:
  • the space division multiplexing unit 103 is configured to perform space division multiplexing on the pilots of the first user and the paired user allocated by the pilot allocation unit 102, and the pairing user is a user who uses the same pilot as the first user.
  • the pilot allocation unit 102 allocates the corresponding pilot to the first user, the next first user is selected, and the interference acquisition unit 101 performs interference calculation for the next first user, and the pilot allocation unit is used.
  • the pilot of the next first user is allocated, and after all the users on the scheduling resource have allocated pilots, the pilots of the first user and the paired users are spatially separated by the space division multiplexing unit 103. Use, to achieve the orthogonality of the pilot.
  • the space division multiplexing unit 103 is specifically configured to:
  • the pilots of the first user and the paired user are precoded.
  • the precoding method and the beamforming method are specific implementation methods of space division multiplexing.
  • the orthogonal pilots are transmitted to the respective users, which reduces the number of pilots used and reduces the pilot overhead.
  • the base station further includes:
  • the first selecting unit 104 is configured to determine, from among users that are not allocating pilots, that the user who first inputs the scheduling resource is the first user.
  • the scheduling resource is a scheduling resource where a user that does not have a pilot is allocated.
  • the base station 100 further includes:
  • the second selecting unit 105 is configured to determine, as the first user, the user with the highest priority among the users who have not allocated the pilot.
  • the first selecting unit 104 and the second selecting unit 105 are both used to select the first user, which is represented by a dashed box in FIG.
  • the base station determines, if the pilot of the second user is allocated to the first user, the interference between the first user and the second user, before the pilot is allocated to the first user;
  • the interference between the first user and the second user acquired by the unit is less than a preset threshold, and the pilot allocated by the base station to the first user is the same as the pilot used by the second user;
  • the interference between the first user and the second user acquired by the interference acquiring unit is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, and the pilot allocated by the base station to the first user and the second user are used.
  • the frequency is not the same.
  • the interference between users allocated to the same pilot is small, the accuracy of the user channel estimation can be ensured, and a plurality of users share one pilot, which can reduce the pilot overhead.
  • the pilot overhead is reduced while ensuring the accuracy of the user channel estimate.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a base station 200, configured to configure a pilot for a user.
  • the method includes: a processor 201 and a memory 202, where the processor 201 and the storage The memory is connected to the memory for storing code.
  • the processor 201 performs an operation, the corresponding code stored in the memory 202 needs to be called to implement the corresponding function.
  • the memory 202 is configured to store executable program code, the program code including computer operating instructions.
  • Memory 202 may include high speed RAM memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk memory.
  • the processor 201 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more configured to implement the embodiments of the present invention. integrated circuit.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • the processor 201 is configured to determine, before the first user is allocated a pilot, the interference between the first user and the second user if the pilot of the second user is allocated to the first user.
  • the code stored in the memory 202 is called to implement the above-mentioned interference acquisition module function.
  • the first user is a user that is selected by a base station on a scheduling resource and has not been allocated a pilot
  • the second user is a user that has been allocated a pilot
  • the processor 201 is further configured to allocate a pilot to the first user according to interference between the first user and the second user; if the interference between the first user and the second user is less than a preset threshold, assign to The pilot of the first user is the same as the pilot used by the second user.
  • the pilot allocated to the first user is different from the pilot used by the second user.
  • the code stored in the memory 202 is called to implement the function of the pilot allocation module.
  • the interference limit between users is less than the preset threshold, the interference between the users on the user channel has less influence on the accuracy of the user channel estimation, so that the accuracy of the user channel estimation of all users using the same pilot can be ensured.
  • the processor 201 is further configured to: obtain N The sum of interferences corresponding to the pilots of each of the second users of the two users; N The sum of the interferences corresponding to the pilots of the i-th second user in the second user is:
  • the processor 201 is further configured to: if the interference sum corresponding to the pilot of the jth second user of the N second users is the smallest, allocate the pilot of the jth second user to the first user; Among them, 1 j N.
  • the interference between the users in the same pilot is less than the preset threshold, so as to ensure that the users in the same pilot do not interfere with each other, that is, the interference between the first user and each user of the same pilot
  • the preset threshold needs to be compared. If the interference is less than the preset threshold, the pilot can be allocated to the first user.
  • the processor 201 is further configured to:
  • the pilots of the first user and the paired users are spatially multiplexed, and the paired users are users who use the same pilot as the first user.
  • the code stored in the memory 202 is called to implement the function of the space division multiplexing module.
  • the processor 201 allocates the corresponding pilot to the first user, the next first user is selected, and the processor 201 performs interference calculation for the next first user, and the processor 201 A first user performs pilot allocation. After all the users on the scheduling resource have allocated pilots, the pilots of the first user and the paired users are spatially multiplexed by the processor 201 to implement positive pilots. cross.
  • the processor 201 is specifically configured to:
  • the pilots of the first user and the paired user are precoded.
  • the base station may further include: a transmitter 203, the transmitter is connected to the processor 201, and configured to send a pilot signal, which is represented by a dashed box in FIG. 4, and the orthogonal pilot is transmitted.
  • the 203 is sent to the respective users, which reduces the number of pilots used and reduces the pilot overhead.
  • the processor 201 of the base station 200 is further configured to:
  • the user who first added the scheduling resource is the first user.
  • the scheduling resource is a scheduling resource where the user of the unassigned pilot is located.
  • the code stored in the memory 202 is called to implement the function of the selection module.
  • the user with the highest priority is determined as the first user.
  • the code stored in the memory 202 is called to implement the function of the selection module.
  • the base station before the base station allocates the pilot to the first user, determining, by the base station, when the pilot of the second user is allocated to the first user, the interference between the first user and the second user; If the interference between the first user and the second user acquired by the acquiring unit is less than a preset threshold, the pilot allocated by the base station to the first user is the same as the pilot used by the second user; The interference between the first user and the second user acquired by the interference acquiring unit is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, and the pilot allocated by the base station to the first user is used by the second user.
  • the pilots are not the same.
  • the interference between users allocated to the same pilot is small, the accuracy of the user channel estimation can be ensured, and a plurality of users share one pilot, which can reduce the pilot overhead.
  • the pilot overhead is reduced while ensuring the accuracy of the user channel estimate.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for configuring a pilot. Referring to FIG. 5, the method includes the following steps:
  • the base station Before the base station allocates the pilot to the first user, determining, by the base station, the interference between the first user and the second user if the pilot of the second user is allocated to the first user.
  • the base station may need to transmit data for multiple users on one scheduling resource. In order for the user to correctly receive data, the user needs to be allocated a corresponding pilot and sent to the user.
  • the first user is a non-distributed pilot selected by the base station on a scheduling resource.
  • the second user is a user who has already assigned a pilot.
  • the specific selection method includes:
  • the user who first added the scheduling resource is the first user.
  • the scheduling resource is a scheduling resource in which the user is not assigned a pilot, that is, the user who joins the pilot is selected as the first user from the unassigned pilots according to the order of joining the scheduling resources.
  • the user with the highest priority is determined as the first user.
  • the priority can refer to the user's level, the quality of the user channel, and the user's entire network utility.
  • the filter vector representing the receiver of user k, ⁇ represents the channel between user k and the transmitting end of the base station, ⁇ .
  • the base station allocates a pilot to the first user according to the interference between the first user and the second user.
  • Step 302 includes the following two cases:
  • the pilot allocated by the base station to the first user is the same as the pilot used by the second user.
  • the pilot allocated by the base station to the first user is different from the pilot used by the second user.
  • the interference limit between users is less than the preset threshold, the interference between the users on the user channel has less influence on the accuracy of the user channel estimation, so as to ensure the accuracy of the user channel estimation of all users using the same pilot. .
  • the above 302-a includes:
  • the interference sum corresponding to the pilot of the i-th second user of the N second users is: when the pilot of the i-th second user is allocated to the first user, the first user and the i-th The sum of interference between all the second users in the pilot of the two users; wherein, 1
  • the base station allocates the pilot of the jth second user to the first user; where, 1 j N.
  • the interference between users in the same pilot is smaller than the preset threshold, so as to ensure that the users in the same pilot do not interfere with each other, that is, the interference between the first user and each user of the same pilot. Both need to compare the preset thresholds, and if the interference is less than the preset threshold, the pilot can be allocated to the first user.
  • the pilot is allocated to the first user
  • pilot 1 and pilot are two pilots.
  • the interference between the second user and the first user is less than a preset threshold, and the sum of the interference between all the second users in the pilot 1 and the first user is calculated, and the pilot 2 is calculated.
  • the sum of the interference between all the second users and the first user comparing the sum of the interferences corresponding to the pilot 1 and the interference corresponding to the pilot 2, and allocating the pilot with the smallest interference to the first user .
  • the interference between the first user and any one of the pilots is greater than the preset threshold, that is, interference between at least one user and the first user exists in each pilot. If the first user is larger than the preset threshold, the first user will have greater interference to the user in the pilot regardless of the pilot, so that the base station needs to be the first The user allocates a different pilot than the second user to ensure the accuracy of the user channel estimation.
  • the method further includes: 303.
  • the base station performs space division multiplexing on pilots of the first user and the paired user.
  • the paired user is a user who uses the same pilot as the first user.
  • the next first user is selected, and interference between the next first user and the allocated pilot user is calculated, and the next first user is piloted.
  • the pilot orthogonality of the first user and the paired user is implemented by means of space division multiplexing.
  • the specific method of space division multiplexing is:
  • Precoding the pilot of the first user and the paired user Precoding the pilot of the first user and the paired user.
  • the vector of the coding weight corresponding to each user on the pilot is calculated.
  • the method of calculating the precoding vector includes a linear precoding algorithm (for example: ZF (Zero Forcing) algorithm, BD (Block Diagonalization) algorithm, RZF (Regularized Zero Forcing) algorithm, RBD (Regularized Block Diagnalization) and nonlinear precoding algorithms (eg DPC (Dirty Paper Coding) algorithm, VP (Vector Perturbation) algorithm).
  • ZF Zero Forcing
  • BD Lock Diagonalization
  • RZF Registered Zero Forcing
  • RBD Registered Block Diagnalization
  • nonlinear precoding algorithms eg DPC (Dirty Paper Coding) algorithm, VP (Vector Perturbation) algorithm.
  • H is the downlink channel information of all users, including (a total of k users): [ ⁇ ,, - ⁇ ,; ... ; H k ] 0 corpse is a precoding vector matrix, precoding of user i
  • the vector / ⁇ ' is the ith column of the precoding vector matrix.
  • the pilot is multiplied by each user's precoding vector and sent to the corresponding antenna for transmission.
  • the first step is to obtain location information of all users in the same pilot, and the method for obtaining user location information includes: a Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation or a Global Positioning System (GPS). );
  • DOA Direction of Arrival
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • the pilot is multiplied by the beamforming weight, and the multiplied pilot is sent to the corresponding antenna for transmission.
  • the pilot is multiplied by the beamforming weight to align the main beam of the transmit beam with the optimal path and form a narrow beam at the corresponding user position.
  • the precoding method and the beamforming method are specific implementation methods of space division multiplexing.
  • the orthogonal pilots are transmitted to the respective users, which reduces the number of pilots used and reduces the pilot overhead.
  • a pilot resource when a pilot resource needs to be allocated to a plurality of unassigned pilot users, it is required to select one user from the unassigned pilot as the first user, and calculate the Interference between the first user and the second user (which has been assigned a pilot user), determining whether there is interference between all users in one pilot and the first user is less than a preset threshold; if there is no condition Pilot, the first user is allocated a pilot different from the second user; if there is a pilot that satisfies the condition, the acquisition obtains the sum of the interferences corresponding to the conditional pilots, and minimizes the sum of the interferences. To the first user.
  • the corresponding pilot is allocated to the first user, it is determined whether there is still a user who does not allocate a pilot. If there is a user who does not allocate a pilot, the next user is selected, and the next first user and the assigned guide are calculated. The interference between the frequency users, the pilot of the next first user is allocated, and the process is repeated until all the users on the scheduling resource have allocated pilots, and then the first is implemented by space division multiplexing.
  • the pilots of the user and the paired user are orthogonal. The orthogonal pilots are sent to the corresponding users, which reduces the number of pilots used and reduces the pilot overhead.
  • the base station before the base station allocates the pilot to the first user, determining, by the base station, when the pilot of the second user is allocated to the first user, the interference between the first user and the second user; Obtaining between the first user and the second user acquired by the unit If the interference is less than the preset threshold, the pilot allocated by the base station to the first user is the same as the pilot used by the second user; if the first user and the second acquired by the interference acquiring unit
  • the interference between the users is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, and the pilot allocated by the base station to the first user is different from the pilot used by the second user. In this way, since the interference between users allocated to the same pilot is small, the accuracy of the channel estimation of the user can be ensured, and multiple users share one pilot, which can reduce the pilot overhead. Thus, the pilot overhead is reduced while ensuring the accuracy of the user channel estimation.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明的实施例公开一种配置导频的方法及装置,应用于通信领域,能够在保证用户信道估计精度的情况下,降低导频的开销。该方法具体为:基站在给第一用户分配导频之前,确定如果将第二用户的导频分配给第一用户时,所述第一用户与第二用户之间的干扰;如果所述第一用户与所述第二用户之间的干扰小于预设的门限,则所述基站分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二用户使用的导频相同;如果所述第一用户与所述第二用户之间的干扰大于或等于预设的门限,则所述基站分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二用户使用的导频不相同。本发明用于配置导频。

Description

一种配置导频的方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域, 尤其涉及一种配置导频的方法及装置。 背景技术
多用户多输入多输出 ( Multiple User Multiple Input Multiple Output ,简称 MU-MIMO )技术作为第三代合作伙伴的长期演进( Long Term Evolution , 简称 LTE ) , 长期演进优化 ( Long Term Evolution Advanced , 简称 LTE-A ) 等无线通信标准的核心技术之一, 能够提 升无线通信系统的频谱效率和系统容量。 导频信号作为 MU-MIMO 技术的组成部分, 用于标识不同的天线, 引导用户进行信道估计, 使用户能够正确的进行数据接收。 同时, 导频信号会占用传输资源, 对于整个通信系统, 过大的导频开销会造成通信系统的拥塞, 以致 有用的数据不能及时的传输。
现有技术中, 为了降低导频开销采用空分复用技术, 相互配对 的用户使用同一导频, 并在发射端实现配对用户的导频信号的正交, 从而使每个用户接收到相对应的导频信号。
在实现上述降低导频信号开销的过程中, 发明人发现采用公共 导频的多个配对用户相互之间会存在干扰, 受到干扰较大的用户接 收到的正交导频信号的强度较弱, 这样, 虽然降低了导频开销, 但 是会影响用户信道估计的精确度, 从而影响用户正确的进行数据接 收。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供一种配置导频的方法及装置, 能够在保证 用户信道估计的精确度的情况下, 降低导频开销。
为达到上述目的, 本发明的实施例采用如下技术方案:
第一方面, 提供一种基站, 包括:
干扰获取单元, 用于基站在给第一用户分配导频之前, 确定如 果将第二用户的导频分配给第一用户时, 所述第一用户与第二用户 之间的干扰;
导频分配单元, 用于如果所述干扰获取单元获取的第一用户与 所述第二用户之间的干扰小于预设的门限, 则分配给所述第一用户 的导频与所述第二用户使用的导频相同; 如果所述干扰获取单元获 取的第一用户与所述第二用户之间的干扰大于或等于预设的门限, 则分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二用户使用的导频不相同。
结合第一方面, 在第一种可能的实现方式中, 如果有 N个第二 用户与所述第一用户之间的干扰小于预设的门限值, 所述 N为大于 或等于 2的自然数, 则所述干扰获取单元还用于:
获取所述 N 个第二用户 中每个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总 和; 所述 N个第二用户中第 i个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总和为: 将所述第 i 个第二用户的导频分配给所述第一用户时, 所述第 一用户与所述第 i 个第二用户的导频中所有第二用户之间的干扰总 和; 其中, 1 i N;
所述导频分配单元, 还用于如果所述干扰获取单元获取的 N个 第二用户中第 j 个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总和最小, 则将所述 第 j个第二用户的导频分配给所述第一用户; 其中, l j N。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式, 在第二种 可能的实现方式中, 所述基站还包括:
空分复用单元, 用于对所述导频分配单元分配的第一用户和配 对用户的导频进行空分复用, 所述配对用户为与所述第一用户使用 相同导频的用户。
结合第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式, 在第三种可能的实现 方式中, 所述空分复用单元具体用于:
对所述第一用户与所述配对用户的导频进行预编码。
结合第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式, 在第四种可能的实现 方式中, 所述空分复用单元具体用于:
对所述第一用户与所述配对用户的导频进行波束赋型。 结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种到第四种任一种可能的实现 方式, 在第五种可能的实现方式中, 所述基站还包括:
第一选取单元, 用于从未分配导频的用户中, 确定最先添加进 入调度资源的用户为所述第一用户; 所述调度资源为所述未分配导 频的用户所在的调度资源。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种到第四种任一种可能的实现 方式, 在第六种可能的实现方式中, 所述基站还包括:
第二选取单元, 用于从未分配导频的用户中, 确定优先权最高 的用户作为所述第一用户。
第二方面, 提供一种基站, 包括: 处理器、 存储器和总线, 其中 所述处理器、所述存储器通过所述总线连接,所述存储器用于存储代码, 当处理器运行存储器存储的代码时, 执行如下步骤:
所述处理器, 用于基站在给第一用户分配导频之前, 确定如果 将第二用户的导频分配给第一用户时, 所述第一用户与第二用户之 间的干扰;
所述处理器, 还用于如果所述第一用户与所述第二用户之间的 干扰小于预设的门限, 则分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二用 户使用的导频相同; 如果所述第一用户与所述第二用户之间的干扰 大于或等于预设的门限, 则分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二 用户使用的导频不相同。
结合第二方面, 在第一种可能的实现方式中, 如果有 N个第二 用户与所述第一用户之间的干扰小于预设的门限值, 所述 N为大于 或等于 2的自然数, 则所述处理器还用于:
获取所述 N 个第二用户 中每个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总 和; 所述 N个第二用户中第 i个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总和为: 将所述第 i 个第二用户的导频分配给所述第一用户时, 所述第 一用户与所述第 i 个第二用户的导频中所有第二用户之间的干扰总 和; 其中, 1 i N;
所述处理器, 还用于如果所述 N个第二用户中第 j个第二用户 的导频对应的干扰总和最小, 则所述将所述第 j 个第二用户的导频 分配给所述第一用户; 其中, l j N。
结合第二方面或第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式, 在第二种 可能的实现方式中, 所述处理器还用于:
对所述第一用户和配对用户的导频进行空分复用, 所述配对用 户为与所述第一用户使用相同导频的用户。
结合第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式, 在第三种可能的实现 方式中, 所述处理器具体用于:
对所述第一用户与所述配对用户的导频进行预编码。
结合第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式, 在第四种可能的实现 方式中, 所述处理器具体用于:
对所述待分配导频用户与所述配对用户的导频进行波束赋型。 结合第二方面或第二方面的第一种至第四种任一种可能的实现 方式, 在第五种可能的实现方式中, 所述处理器还用于:
从未分配导频的用户中, 确定最先添加进入调度资源的用户为 所述第一用户; 所述调度资源为所述未分配导频的用户所在的调度 资源。
结合第二方面或第二方面的第一种至第四种任一种可能的实现 方式, 在第六种可能的实现方式中, 所述处理器还用于:
从未分配导频的用户中, 确定优先权最高的用户作为所述第一 用户。
第三方面, 提供一种配置导频的方法, 包括:
基站在给第一用户分配导频之前, 确定如果将第二用户的导频 分配给第一用户时, 所述第一用户与第二用户之间的干扰;
如果所述第一用户与所述第二用户之间的干扰小于预设的门 限, 则所述基站分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二用户使用的 导频相同; 如果所述第一用户与所述第二用户之间的干扰大于或等 于预设的门限, 则所述基站分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二 用户使用的导频不相同。 结合第三方面, 在第一种可能的实现方式中, 如果有 N个第二 用户与所述第一用户之间的干扰小于预设的门限值, 所述 N为大于 或等于 2的自然数, 则所述方法还包括:
所述基站获取所述 N个第二用户中每个第二用户的导频对应的 干扰总和; 所述 N个第二用户中第 i个第二用户的导频对应的干扰 总和为:
将所述第 i 个第二用户的导频分配给所述第一用户时, 所述第 一用户与所述第 i 个第二用户的导频中所有第二用户之间的干扰总 和; 其中, 1 i N;
如果所述 N个第二用户中第 j个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总 和最小, 则所述基站将所述第 j 个第二用户的导频分配给所述第一 用户; 其中, 1 j N。
结合第三方面或第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式, 在第二种 可能的实现方式中, 所述方法还包括:
所述基站对所述第一用户和配对用户的导频进行空分复用, 所 述配对用户为与所述第一用户使用相同导频的用户。
结合第三方面的第二种可能的实现方式, 在第三种可能的实现 方式中, 所述基站对所述第一用户和所述配对用户的导频进行空分 复用包括:
对所述第一用户与所述配对用户的导频进行预编码。
结合第三方面的第二种可能的实现方式, 在第四种可能的实现 方式中, 所述基站对所述第一用户和所述配对用户的导频进行空分 复用包括:
对所述待分配导频用户与所述配对用户的导频进行波束赋型。 结合第三方面或第三方面的第一种至第四种任一种可能的实现 方式, 在第五种可能的实现方式中, 所述方法还包括:
从未分配导频的用户中, 确定最先添加进入调度资源的用户为 所述第一用户; 所述调度资源为所述未分配导频的用户所在的调度 资源。 结合第三方面或第三方面的第一种至第四种任一种可能的实现 方式, 在第六种可能的实现方式中, 所述方法还包括:
从未分配导频的用户中, 确定优先权最高的用户作为所述第一 用户。
上述方案中, 基站在给第一用户分配导频之前, 确定当第二用 户的导频被分配给第一用户时, 所述第一用户与第二用户之间的干 扰; 如果所述干扰获取单元获取的第一用户与所述第二用户之间的 干扰小于预设的门限, 则所述基站分配给所述第一用户的导频与所 述第二用户使用的导频相同; 如果所述干扰获取单元获取的第一用 户与所述第二用户之间的干扰大于或等于预设的门限, 则所述基站 分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二用户使用的导频不相同。 这 样, 由于分配至同一导频的用户之间干扰较小, 所以能够保证用户 信道估计的精确度, 且多个用户共用一个导频, 能够降低导频开销。 这样, 在保证用户信道估计的精确度的情况下, 降低了导频开销。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案, 下 面将对实施例或现有技描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍, 显 而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例, 对于本 领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动的前提下, 还可以根 据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1 为本发明的实施例提供的一种应用场景的结构示意图; 图 2为本发明的实施例提供的一种基站的结构示意图;
图 3为本发明的另一实施例提供的一种基站的结构示意图; 图 4为本发明的又一实施例提供的一种基站的结构示意图; 图 5 为本发明的实施例提供的一种配置导频方法的流程示意 图;
图 6为本发明的另一实施例提供的一种配置导频方法的流程示 意图;
图 7为本发明的又一实施例提供的一种配置导频方法的流程示 意图;
图 8为本发明的再一实施例提供的一种配置导频方法的流程示 意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图, 对本发明实施例中的技术 方案进行清楚、 完整地描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明 一部分实施例, 而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例, 本 领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他 实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的实施例应用于采用 MU-MIMO技术的通信系统,其中, 参照图 1 所示, 基站与用户进行数据传输时, 需要向用户发送导频, 引导用户进行信道估计, 能够使用户正确的进行数据接收。 其中, 一个导频对应一个用户, 或者通过空分复用的方式使一个导频对应 多个用户。
本发明的实施例提供一种基站 100 , 用于为用户配置导频, 参 照图 2所示, 包括:
干扰获取单元 101 , 用于在给第一用户分配导频之前, 确定如 果将第二用户的导频被分配给第一用户, 第一用户与第二用户之间 的干扰。
所述第一用户为基站在一个调度资源上选取的未分配导频用 户, 第二用户为已经分配过导频的用户。
其中, 干扰获取单元 101 获取的第一用户与第二用户之间的干 扰, 需要将干扰数据传输至导频分配单元 102 , 以便导频分配单元 102根据干扰数据为第一用户分配与其干扰较小用户的导频。
导频分配单元 102 , 用于根据所述干扰获取单元 101 获取的第 一用户与第二用户之间的干扰给所述第一用户分配导频; 如果干扰 获取单元 101 获取的第一用户与第二用户之间的干扰小于预设的门 限, 则分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二用户使用的导频相同; 如果干扰获取单元 101 获取的第一用户与所述第二用户之间的 干扰大于或等于预设的门限, 则分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述 第二用户使用的导频不相同。
其中, 用户之间的干扰限小于预设门限时, 代表用户之间的干 扰对用户信道估计的精确度产生的影响较小, 这样可以保证使用同 一导频的所有用户的用户信道估计的精确度。
可选的, 如果有 N个第二用户与所述第一用户之间的干扰小于 预设的门限值, N 为大于或等于 2 的自然数, 则干扰获取单元 101 还用于:
获取 N个第二用户中每个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总和; N 个第二用户中第 i个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总和为:
将第 i 个第二用户的导频分配给所述第一用户时, 第一用户与 第 i个第二用户的导频中所有第二用户之间的干扰总和; 其中, 1 i < N;
导频分配单元 102 , 还用于如果所述干扰获取单元获取的 N个 第二用户中第 j 个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总和最小, 则将所述 第 j个第二用户的导频分配给所述第一用户; 其中, l j N。
其中, 同一导频内的用户之间的干扰都要小于预设门限, 才能 保证同一导频中的用户之间互不干扰, 即第一用户与同一导频的每 个用户之间的干扰都需要对比预设门限, 若干扰均小于预设门限, 便可以将该导频分配给第一用户。
可选的, 参照图 3所示, 所述基站 100还包括:
空分复用单元 103 , 用于对导频分配单元 102 分配的第一用户 和配对用户的导频进行空分复用, 配对用户为与所述第一用户使用 相同导频的用户。
其中, 通过导频分配单元 102为该第一用户分配了相应的导频 之后, 选取下一个第一用户, 通过干扰获取单元 101 为该下一个第 一用户进行干扰的计算, 通过导频分配单元 102 对该下一个第一用 户进行导频的分配, 当该调度资源上的所有用户都分配过导频之后, 通过空分复用单元 103 对第一用户和配对用户的导频进行空分复 用, 实现导频的正交。
具体的, 空分复用单元 103具体用于:
对第一用户与配对用户的导频进行预编码。
或者, 对第一用户与所述配对用户的导频进行波束赋型。
其中, 预编码的方式和波束赋型的方式是空分复用的具体实现 方式。 这样, 将正交后的导频发送给相应的各个用户, 减少了导频 的使用数量, 降低了导频开销。
可选的, 所述基站还包括:
第一选取单元 104 , 用于从未分配导频的用户中, 确定最先添 加进入调度资源的用户为第一用户。
其中, 该调度资源为未分配导频的用户所在的调度资源。
进一步可选的, 所述基站 100还包括:
第二选取单元 105 , 用于从未分配导频的用户中, 确定优先权 最高的用户作为所述第一用户。
其中, 第一选取单元 104和第二选取单元 105都用于选取第一 用户, 在图 3 中用虚线框表示。
上述实施例中, 基站在给第一用户分配导频之前, 确定如果将 第二用户的导频分配给第一用户, 所述第一用户与第二用户之间的 干扰; 如果所述干扰获取单元获取的第一用户与所述第二用户之间 的干扰小于预设的门限, 则所述基站分配给所述第一用户的导频与 所述第二用户使用的导频相同; 如果所述干扰获取单元获取的第一 用户与所述第二用户之间的干扰大于或等于预设的门限, 则所述基 站分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二用户使用的导频不相同。 这样, 由于分配至同一导频的用户之间干扰较小, 所以能够保证用 户信道估计的精确度, 且多个用户共用一个导频, 能够降低导频开 销。 这样, 在保证用户信道估计的精确度的情况下, 降低了导频开 销。
本发明的实施例提供一种基站 200 , 用于为用户配置导频, 参 照图 4所示, 包括: 处理器 201和存储器 202 , 其中处理器 201和存储 器相连, 所述存储器用于存储代码, 当处理器 201执行操作时, 需要 调用存储器 202存储的相应代码, 以实现相应的功能。
具体的, 存储器 202用于存储可执行程序代码, 该程序代码包 括计算机操作指令。 存储器 202可能包含高速 RAM存储器, 也可能 还包括非易失性存储器 ( non-volatile memory ) , 例如至少一个磁盘 存储器。
处理器 201可能是一个中央处理器 ( Central Processing Unit , 简称为 CPU ) , 或者是特定集成电路( Application Specific Integrated Circuit , 简称为 ASIC ) , 或者是被配置成实施本发明实施例的一个 或多个集成电路。
处理器 201 , 用于在给第一用户分配导频之前, 确定如果将第 二用户的导频分配给第一用户, 第一用户与第二用户之间的干扰。
其中, 处理器 201执行该操作时, 调用存储器 202存储的代码, 则实现上述干扰获取模块功能。
所述第一用户为基站在一个调度资源上选取的未分配过导频的 用户, 第二用户为已经分配过导频的用户。
处理器 201 , 还用于根据第一用户与第二用户之间的干扰给所 述第一用户分配导频; 如果第一用户与第二用户之间的干扰小于预 设的门限, 则分配给第一用户的导频与第二用户使用的导频相同。
如果第一用户与第二用户之间的干扰大于或等于预设的门限, 则分配给第一用户的导频与第二用户使用的导频不相同。
其中, 处理器 201执行该操作时, 调用存储器 202存储的代码, 则实现上述导频分配模块的功能。
当用户之间的干扰限小于预设门限时, 代表用户之间的干扰对 用户信道估计的精确度产生的影响较小, 这样可以保证使用同一导 频的所有用户的用户信道估计的精确度。
可选的, 如果有 N个第二用户与所述第一用户之间的干扰小于 预设的门限值, N为大于或等于 2的自然数, 则处理器 201还用于: 获取 N个第二用户中每个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总和; N 个第二用户中第 i个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总和为:
将第 i 个第二用户的导频分配给所述第一用户时, 所述第一用 户与所述第 i 个第二用户的导频中所有第二用户之间的干扰总和; 其中, 1 i N。
处理器 201 , 还用于如果所述 N个第二用户中第 j 个第二用户 的导频对应的干扰总和最小, 则将所述第 j 个第二用户的导频分配 给第一用户; 其中, 1 j N。
其中, 同一导频内的用户之间的干扰都要小于预设门限, 才能 保证同一导频中的用户之间互不干扰, 即第一用户与同一导频的每 个用户之间的干扰都需要对比预设门限, 若干扰均小于预设门限, 便可以将该导频分配给第一用户。
可选的, 处理器 201还用于:
对第一用户和配对用户的导频进行空分复用, 该配对用户为与 第一用户使用相同导频的用户。
其中, 处理器 201执行该操作时, 调用存储器 202存储的代码, 则实现上述空分复用模块的功能。
具体的,通过处理器 201 为该第一用户分配了相应的导频之后, 选取下一个第一用户, 通过处理器 201 为该下一个第一用户进行干 扰的计算, 通过处理器 201 对该下一个第一用户进行导频的分配, 当该调度资源上的所有用户都分配过导频之后, 通过处理器 201 对 第一用户和配对用户的导频进行空分复用, 实现导频的正交。
具体的, 处理器 201具体用于:
对第一用户与配对用户的导频进行预编码。
或者, 对第一用户与所述配对用户的导频进行波束赋型。
其中, 预编码的方式和波束赋型的方式是空分复用的具体实现 方式。 这样, 可选的, 基站还可以包括: 发送器 203 , 所述发送器 与处理器 201 相连, 用于发送导频信号, 在图 4 中用虚线框表示, 将正交后的导频通过发送器 203 发送给相应的各个用户, 减少了导 频的使用数量, 降低了导频开销。 可选的, 所述基站 200的处理器 201还用于:
从未分配导频的用户中, 确定最先添加进入调度资源的用户为 所述第一用户。
其中, 该调度资源为所述未分配导频的用户所在的调度资源。 其中, 处理器 201执行该操作时, 调用存储器 202存储的代码, 则实现上述选取模块的功能。
或者, 从未分配导频的用户中, 确定优先权最高的用户作为所 述第一用户。
其中, 处理器 201执行该操作时, 调用存储器 202存储的代码, 则实现上述选取模块的功能。
上述实施例中, 基站在给第一用户分配导频之前, 确定当第二 用户的导频被分配给第一用户时, 所述第一用户与第二用户之间的 干扰; 如果所述干扰获取单元获取的第一用户与所述第二用户之间 的干扰小于预设的门限, 则所述基站分配给所述第一用户的导频与 所述第二用户使用的导频相同; 如果所述干扰获取单元获取的第一 用户与所述第二用户之间的干扰大于或等于预设的门限, 则所述基 站分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二用户使用的导频不相同。 这样, 由于分配至同一导频的用户之间干扰较小, 所以能够保证用 户信道估计的精确度, 且多个用户共用一个导频, 能够降低导频开 销。 这样, 在保证用户信道估计的精确度的情况下, 降低了导频开 销。
本发明的实施例提供一种配置导频的方法, 参照图 5所示, 包 括以下步骤:
301、 基站在给第一用户分配导频之前, 确定如果将第二用户的 导频分配给第一用户, 所述第一用户与第二用户之间的干扰。
基站在一个调度资源上可能需要为多个用户传输数据, 为了使 用户能够正确的进行数据接收, 需要为用户分配相应的导频, 并向 用户发送该导频。
所述第一用户为基站在一个调度资源上选取的没分配导频用 户, 第二用户为已经分配过导频的用户, 可选的, 具体的选取方式 包括:
从未分配导频的用户中, 确定最先添加进入调度资源的用户为 所述第一用户。
其中, 该调度资源为未分配导频的用户所在的调度资源, 即按 照加入调度资源先后顺序, 从所述未分配导频的用户中选择先加入 的用户作为第一用户。
或者, 从未分配导频的用户中, 确定优先权最高的用户作为所 述第一用户。
其中, 优先权可以参考用户的级别, 用户信道的质量, 用户的 全网效用。
进一步的, 两个用户之间干扰的计算方法为 (假设计算的是用 户 i与用户 k之间的干扰, 表示为 Ii→k ) :
j . pd
1 i→k = wH
rv k . H ata
1 1 k 1 i
其中, 表示用户 k 的接收机的滤波器向量, ^表示用户 k与 基站发射端之间的信道, ^。表示用户 i在导频数据上的预编码向量。
302、基站根据所述第一用户与第二用户之间的干扰给所述第一 用户分配导频;
步骤 302 包括如下两种情况:
302- a : 如果第一用户与第二用户之间的干扰小于预设的门限, 则基站分配给第一用户的导频与第二用户使用的导频相同。
302-b、 如果第一用户与第二用户之间的干扰大于或等于预设的 门限, 则基站分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二用户使用的导 频不相同。
其中, 用户之间的干扰限小于预设门限时, 代表用户之间的干 扰对用户信道估计的精确度产生的影响较小, 这样可以保证使用同 一导频的所有用户的用户信道估计的精确度。
可选的, 参照图 6所示, 当有 N个第二用户与所述第一用户之 间的干扰小于预设的门限值, 所述 N为大于或等于 2的自然数, 则 上述 302-a包括:
302-al、 获取 N个第二用户中每个第二用户的导频对应的干扰 总和。
其中, N 个第二用户中第 i 个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总和 为: 将第 i 个第二用户的导频分配给所述第一用户时, 第一用户与 第 i个第二用户的导频中所有第二用户之间的干扰总和; 其中, 1
1 < N。
进一步的, 包括:
302-a2 , 如果 N个第二用户中第 j 个第二用户的导频对应的干 扰总和最小, 则基站将所述第 j个第二用户的导频分配给第一用户; 其中, 1 j N。
进一步的, 同一导频内的用户之间的干扰都要小于预设门限, 才能保证同一导频中的用户之间互不干扰, 即第一用户与同一导频 的每个用户之间的干扰都需要对比预设门限, 若干扰均小于预设门 限, 便可以将该导频分配给第一用户。
具体的, 如果第一用户与有且只有一个导频中的所有用户之间 的干扰都小于预设门限, 则将所述导频分配给第一用户;
如果第一用户与一个以上导频中的所有用户之间的干扰都小于 预设门限, 分别计算所述一个以上导频中的每个导频中所有用户与 第一用户之间的干扰之和, 例如, 有两个导频 (称作导频 1 和导频
2 ) 中的第二用户都与第一用户之间的干扰小于预设门限, 计算导频 1 中的所有第二用户与该第一用户之间的干扰之和, 并计算导频 2 中的所有第二用户与该第一用户之间的干扰之和, 比较导频 1 对应 的干扰之和和导频 2 对应的干扰之和的大小, 将干扰之和最小的导 频分配给第一用户。
进一步可选的, 若第一用户与每个导频中的任意一个用户之间 的干扰大于所述预设门限, 即每个导频中均存在至少一个用户与该 第一用户之间的干扰大于预设门限, 则第一用户不论加入那个导频 都会对该导频中的用户产生较大的干扰, 这样, 基站需要为该第一 用户分配一个与第二用户不同的导频, 以保证用户信道估计的精确 度。
可选的, 参照图 7所示, 在步骤 302之后, 所述方法还包括: 303、 基站对第一用户和配对用户的导频进行空分复用。
其中, 配对用户为与所述第一用户使用相同导频的用户。
其中, 为该第一用户分配了相应的导频之后, 选取下一个第一 用户, 计算该下一个第一用户与已分配导频用户之间的干扰, 对该 下一个第一用户进行导频的分配, 当该调度资源上为所有用户都分 配过导频之后, 通过空分复用的方式实现第一用户和配对用户的导 频正交。
进一步可选的, 空分复用的具体方法为:
对所述第一用户与所述配对用户的导频进行预编码。
具体的, 第一步, 计算导频上每个用户对应的与编码权值向量。 计算预编码向量的方法包括线性预编码算法(例如: ZF(Zero Forcing, 迫零)算 法 , BD ( Block Diagonalization,块对 角 化 ) 算 法 , RZF(Regularized Zero Forcing, 正则化迫零)算法, RBD(Regularized Block Diagnalization, 正则化块对角化)算法) 和非线性预编码算法 (例如: DPC ( Dirty Paper Coding,脏纸编码) 算法, VP ( Vector Perturbation, 向量扰动) 算法)。 以 ZF 算法为例, 用户 i 的预编码 向量为 prlot , 算法为:
P = HH {HHHyl - P.pilot = Ρ{:, ί)
其中, H为所有用户的下行信道信息, 包括 (一共 k个用户 ): [Η,,- Η,; ...... ;Hk] 0 尸为预编码向量矩阵, 用户 i 的预编码向量 /^' 为 预编码向量矩阵的第 i列。
第二步, 将导频与每个用户的预编码向量相乘, 并发送至相应 的天线进行传输。
或者, 对所述待分配导频用户与所述配对用户的导频进行波束 赋型。 具体的, 第一步, 获取同一导频中所有用户的位置信息, 获取 用户位置信息的方法包括: 信号的到达角 ( Direction of Arrival , 简称 DOA ) 估计或全球定位系统 ( Global Positioning System , 简称 GPS );
第二步, 根据用户的位置信息生成的 beamforming (波束成形 ) 权值;
第三步, 将导频与 beamforming权值相乘, 并将相乘后导频发 送至相应的天线进行传输。 其中, 导频与 beamforming 权值相乘后 能够使发射波束主瓣对准最佳路径, 在相应的用户位置形成窄波束。
其中, 预编码的方式和波束赋型的方式是空分复用的具体实现 方式。 这样, 将正交后的导频发送给相应的各个用户, 减少了导频 的使用数量, 降低了导频开销。
示例地, 参照图 8所述, 当一个调度资源上需要对若干个未分 配导频的用户分配导频时, 需要从所述未分配导频的用户中选取一 个用户作为第一用户, 计算该第一用户与第二用户 ( 已经分配导频 用户 ) 之间的干扰, 判断是否存在一个导频中的所有用户与该第一 用户之间的干扰均小于预设门限; 若不存在满足条件的导频, 则将 该第一用户分配一个与第二用户不同的导频; 若存在满足条件的导 频, 则计算获取满足条件导频对应的干扰之和, 将干扰之和最小的 导频分配给第一用户。 为该第一用户分配了相应的导频之后, 判断 是否还存在未分配导频的用户, 若存在未分配导频的用户, 则选取 下一个用户, 计算该下一个第一用户与已分配导频用户之间的干扰, 对该下一个第一用户进行导频的分配, 重复上述过程直至该调度资 源上的所有的用户都都分配过导频之后, 通过空分复用的方式实现 第一用户和配对用户的导频正交。 将正交后的导频发送给相应的各 个用户, 减少了导频的使用数量, 降低了导频开销。
上述实施例中, 基站在给第一用户分配导频之前, 确定当第二 用户的导频被分配给第一用户时, 所述第一用户与第二用户之间的 干扰; 如果所述干扰获取单元获取的第一用户与所述第二用户之间 的干扰小于预设的门限, 则所述基站分配给所述第一用户的导频与 所述第二用户使用的导频相同; 如果所述干扰获取单元获取的第一 用户与所述第二用户之间的干扰大于或等于预设的门限, 则所述基 站分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二用户使用的导频不相同。 这样, 由于分配至同一导频的用户之间干扰较小, 所以能够保证用 户信道估计的精确度, 且多个用户共用一个导频, 能够降低导频开 销。 这样, 在保证用户信道估计的精确度的情况下, 降低了导频开 销。
以上所述, 仅为本发明的具体实施方式, 但本发明的保护范围 并不局限于此, 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技 术范围内, 可轻易想到变化或替换, 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围 之内。 因此, 本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种基站, 其特征在于, 包括:
干扰获取单元, 用于在给第一用户分配导频之前, 确定如果将第 二用户的导频分配给第一用户, 所述第一用户与第二用户之间的干 扰;
导频分配单元,用于根据所述第一用户与第二用户之间的干扰给 所述第一用户分配导频; 如果所述干扰获取单元获取的第一用户与所 述第二用户之间的干扰小于预设的门限, 则分配给所述第一用户的导 频与所述第二用户使用的导频相同; 如果所述干扰获取单元获取的第 一用户与所述第二用户之间的干扰大于或等于预设的门限, 则分配给 所述第一用户的导频与所述第二用户使用的导频不相同。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的基站, 其特征在于, 如果有 N个第二 用户与所述第一用户之间的干扰小于预设的门限值,所述 N为大于或 等于 2的自然数, 则所述干扰获取单元还用于:
获取所述 N个第二用户中每个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总和; 所述 N个第二用户中第 i个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总和为:
将所述第 i个第二用户的导频分配给所述第一用户时, 所述第一 用户与所述第 i个第二用户的导频中所有第二用户之间的干扰总和; 其中, 1 i N;
所述导频分配单元, 还用于如果所述干扰获取单元获取的 N 个 第二用户中第 j个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总和最小, 则将所述第 j个第二用户的导频分配给所述第一用户; 其中, l j N。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的基站, 其特征在于, 所述基站还 包括:
空分复用单元,用于对所述导频分配单元分配的第一用户和配对 用户的导频进行空分复用, 所述配对用户为与所述第一用户使用相同 导频的用户。
4、 根据权利要求 3 所述的基站, 其特征在于, 所述空分复用单 元具体用于: 对所述第一用户与所述配对用户的导频进行预编码。
5、 根据权利要求 3 所述的基站, 其特征在于, 所述空分复用单 元具体用于:
对所述第一用户与所述配对用户的导频进行波束赋型。
6、 根据权利要求 1 至 5所述的任一种基站, 其特征在于, 所述 基站还包括:
第一选取单元, 用于从未分配导频的用户中, 确定最先添加进入 调度资源的用户为所述第一用户; 所述调度资源为所述未分配导频的 用户所在的调度资源。
7、 根据权利要求 1 至 5所述的任一种基站, 其特征在于, 所述 基站还包括:
第二选取单元, 用于从未分配导频的用户中, 确定优先权最高的 用户作为所述第一用户。
8、 一种基站, 其特征在于, 包括: 处理器和存储器, 其中所述 处理器和所述存储器相连接, 所述存储器用于存储代码, 当处理器运 行存储器存储的代码时, 执行如下步骤:
所述处理器, 用于在给第一用户分配导频之前, 确定如果将第二 用户的导频分配给第一用户, 所述第一用户与第二用户之间的干扰; 所述处理器,还用于根据所述第一用户与第二用户之间的干扰给 所述第一用户分配导频; 如果所述第一用户与所述第二用户之间的干 扰小于预设的门限, 则分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二用户使 用的导频相同; 如果所述第一用户与所述第二用户之间的干扰大于或 等于预设的门限, 则分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二用户使用 的导频不相同。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的基站, 其特征在于, 如果有 N个第二 用户与所述第一用户之间的干扰小于预设的门限值,所述 N为大于或 等于 2的自然数, 则所述处理器还用于:
获取所述 N个第二用户中每个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总和; 所述 N个第二用户中第 i个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总和为: 将所述第 i个第二用户的导频分配给所述第一用户时, 所述第一 用户与所述第 i个第二用户的导频中所有第二用户之间的干扰总和; 其中, 1 i N;
所述处理器,还用于如果所述 N个第二用户中第 j个第二用户的 导频对应的干扰总和最小, 则所述将所述第 j个第二用户的导频分配 给所述第一用户; 其中, l j N。
10、 根据权利要求 8或 9所述的基站, 其特征在于, 所述处理器 还用于:
对所述第一用户和配对用户的导频进行空分复用,所述配对用户 为与所述第一用户使用相同导频的用户。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的基站, 其特征在于, 所述处理器具 体用于:
对所述第一用户与所述配对用户的导频进行预编码。
12、 根据权利要求 10所述的基站, 其特征在于, 所述处理器具 体用于:
对所述待分配导频用户与所述配对用户的导频进行波束赋型。
13、 根据权利要求 8至 12所述的任一种基站, 其特征在于, 所 述处理器还用于:
从未分配导频的用户中,确定最先添加进入调度资源的用户为所 述第一用户; 所述调度资源为所述未分配导频的用户所在的调度资 源。
14、 根据权利要求 8至 12所述的任一种基站, 其特征在于, 所 述处理器还用于:
从未分配导频的用户中,确定优先权最高的用户作为所述第一用 户。
15、 一种配置导频的方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
基站在给第一用户分配导频之前,确定如果将第二用户的导频分 配给第一用户, 所述第一用户与第二用户之间的干扰;
基站根据所述第一用户与第二用户之间的干扰给所述第一用户 分配导频; 如果所述第一用户与所述第二用户之间的干扰小于预设的 门限, 则所述基站分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二用户使用的 导频相同; 如果所述第一用户与所述第二用户之间的干扰大于或等于 预设的门限, 则所述基站分配给所述第一用户的导频与所述第二用户 使用的导频不相同。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的方法, 其特征在于, 如果有 N个第 二用户与所述第一用户之间的干扰小于预设的门限值,所述 N为大于 或等于 2的自然数, 则所述方法还包括:
所述基站获取所述 N 个第二用户中每个第二用户的导频对应的 干扰总和; 所述 N个第二用户中第 i个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总 和为:
将所述第 i个第二用户的导频分配给所述第一用户时, 所述第一 用户与所述第 i个第二用户的导频中所有第二用户之间的干扰总和; 其中, 1 i N;
如果所述 N个第二用户中第 j个第二用户的导频对应的干扰总和 最小,则所述基站将所述第 j个第二用户的导频分配给所述第一用户; 其中, 1 j N。
17、 根据权利要求 15或 16所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法 还包括:
所述基站对所述第一用户和配对用户的导频进行空分复用,所述 配对用户为与所述第一用户使用相同导频的用户。
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述基站对所 述第一用户和所述配对用户的导频进行空分复用包括:
对所述第一用户与所述配对用户的导频进行预编码。
19、 根据权利要求 17所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述基站对所 述第一用户和所述配对用户的导频进行空分复用包括:
对所述待分配导频用户与所述配对用户的导频进行波束赋型。
20、 根据权利要求 15至 19所述的任一种方法, 其特征在于, 所 述方法还包括: 从未分配导频的用户中,确定最先添加进入调度资源的用户为所 述第一用户; 所述调度资源为所述未分配导频的用户所在的调度资 源。
21、 根据权利要求 15至 19所述的任一种方法, 其特征在于, 所 述方法还包括:
从未分配导频的用户中,确定优先权最高的用户作为所述第一用 户。
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