WO2015176584A1 - 旱作物农田首级退水水质强化净化装置 - Google Patents

旱作物农田首级退水水质强化净化装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015176584A1
WO2015176584A1 PCT/CN2015/075487 CN2015075487W WO2015176584A1 WO 2015176584 A1 WO2015176584 A1 WO 2015176584A1 CN 2015075487 W CN2015075487 W CN 2015075487W WO 2015176584 A1 WO2015176584 A1 WO 2015176584A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
plastic
field
mesh
drainage ditch
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PCT/CN2015/075487
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王沛芳
王超
钱进
侯俊
饶磊
包子云
Original Assignee
河海大学
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 河海大学 filed Critical 河海大学
Priority to JP2016568919A priority Critical patent/JP6326509B2/ja
Priority to AU2015263742A priority patent/AU2015263742B2/en
Priority to DE112015002382.8T priority patent/DE112015002382T5/de
Publication of WO2015176584A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015176584A1/zh
Priority to US15/358,107 priority patent/US10196288B2/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/101—Arranged-type packing, e.g. stacks, arrays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/285—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using synthetic organic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/74—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/306—Pesticides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/42—Liquid level
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/24—Separation of coarse particles, e.g. by using sieves or screens

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a first-stage dewatering water quality intensive purification device for dry crop farmland, which regulates the groundwater level in the field by ecological drainage method, and reduces nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter in the first-stage reclaimed water of the farmland, and reduces drainage to the discharge.
  • the pollution of the area is applicable to the drainage of dryland farmland and wetlands. It belongs to the technical field of farmland drainage and farmland non-point source pollution control of dry crops.
  • the total nitrogen lost by rainwater leaching is about 15% of the total nitrogen application; when the nitrogen application rate is increased to 225kg/hm 2 ⁇ , the leaching loss is as high as 30% or more.
  • Rainfall runoff and traditional farmland drainage will result in the loss of a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides from dry crop fields into surface water bodies, resulting in deterioration of river and lake water quality.
  • the drainage of farmland in dry crops mainly has two major tasks: wetland drainage and saline-alkali drainage.
  • the task of draining the wetland is to remove excess water from the farmland soil. It is required to remove too much surface water in a certain daytime, reduce the excessive water table, and make the soil have a suitable water-gas ratio to meet the normal growth and harvest of the crop. Higher yield.
  • the task of saline-alkali drainage is to control the groundwater level, and to remove excessive surface water and groundwater to prevent salt accumulation on the soil surface and improve the saline-alkali soil.
  • CN100485131C discloses a farmland drainage and drainage control box and an automatic control system for surface water, which mainly controls the farmland surface water, and the adsorption material which is filled with the biofilm which is filled in the control box has certain absorption capacity for nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, but This kind of control box moves easily when the water flows over , and the effect of intercepting the nitrogen and phosphorus after the use of the long day is reduced, and the application period is short.
  • the invention provides a first-stage dewatering water quality enhancement and purification device for a dry crop farmland.
  • the purpose of the aim is to control the problem of the first-stage water repellent pollution control of the above-mentioned dry crop farmland, and to set up a water quality enhanced purification device at the junction of the end of the dry crop field drainage ditch and the external drainage ditch to adjust the groundwater level in the field and control the farmland retreat.
  • the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in water is used to reduce the degree of eutrophication of the receiving water.
  • the first-stage dewatering water quality intensive purification device for dry crop farmland is characterized in that a plastic bellows with a plastic mesh mouth is vertically disposed at the end of the field drain, the top of the plastic bellows Slightly lower than the top of the drainage ditch, the plastic corrugated pipe is deflected at the bottom of the gutter at 95° to lead the field into the outer gutter, and is connected with the wire mesh box filled with the bio-filled ball and the bio-filler.
  • the surrounding of the steel wire mesh box is surrounded by gravel. Protect, prevent water from impacting and filtering the water body. Set the inspection cover plate at the mouth of the plastic corrugated pipe with plastic mesh vents for maintenance, and keep the water pipe drained smoothly.
  • the maintenance cover can be regularly smashed, the blockage is checked and repaired, and the drainage is not affected.
  • the water purification device is combined with the first-stage water discharge process of the dry crop farmland to form an ecological drainage mode, and the infrastructure construction is small, and the agriculture is not changed. Production pattern
  • 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of a water quality enhanced purification device.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a biofiller sphere.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing the arrangement of a water quality enhanced purification device.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a wire mesh box.
  • [0017] 1 is a plastic mesh port, 2 is a plastic bellows, 3 is a bio-filler ball, 4 is a wire mesh box, 5 is a gravel, 6 is an access cover, 7 is a spherical convex skeleton, 8 It is a biological filler.
  • a plastic bellows 2 with a plastic mesh port 1 is vertically disposed at the end of the field drain as a water conduit, the pipe diameter is 20 cm or 30 cm or 40 cm, and is turned at 95° 20 cm below the bottom of the drain groove.
  • the plastic pipe is inclined at 5° to pass through the field and enter the outer drainage ditch, so that the water body flows freely without siltation, and the water retreat falls in the vertical pipe section, thereby aerating.
  • the plastic mesh port 1 is arranged on the upper part of the vertical plastic bellows, and has a semicircular curved surface.
  • the plastic mesh port is a rectangle of lcmxlcm.
  • the bottom end of the plastic mesh port is 15cm above the bottom surface of the field drain, which is used to adjust the water level.
  • the surface of the field drain rises, and the first stage of the farmland retreats through the plastic mesh sputum into the enhanced purification device, and the plastic mesh acts as a grid to intercept large volume impurities.
  • the bottom end of the plastic mesh port 1 is 15 cm above the bottom surface of the field drain.
  • the plastic corrugated pipe 2 has a pipe diameter of 30cm, the top end is 5cm lower than the top of the gutter, and is deflected at a position of 20° below the bottom of the gutter to lead the field into the outer gutter, and the wire mesh filled with the bio-filled ball 3 and the bio-filler 8 Box 4 is connected.
  • Steel mesh tank 4 to be Jian Kai, sized to 50 C mx40cmx40 C m, and the bottom surface steel mesh tank 4 communicates with the outer surface of the plastic pipe against the drainage trench wall, three sides of the outer surface of the plastic corrugated pipe 2 communicates
  • the piles of appropriate size gravel 5 are used to ensure the stability of the plastic cage.
  • the same gravel plays a role in filtering the water from the steel cage and absorbing water to prevent the water from rushing and moving.
  • the vertical bellows is provided with an inspection cover plate 6 which is conical.
  • the diameter of the bottom is larger than the diameter of the plastic bellows.
  • the height is 5cm, which is used for regular inspection and blockage to ensure smooth drainage.
  • the bio-filler ball 3 is made of a polyolefin plastic and has a spherical skeleton and a surface similar to polyurethane. It is composed of a large bio-filler, which is used to purify nitrogen and phosphorus in the first-stage dewatering of farmland and organic matter that is easily biodegradable.
  • the diameter of the bio-filler ball is 6cm.
  • a field drainage ditch is arranged inside the dry crop farmland, and the end thereof leads to a field close to the outer gutter, and the cross section of the field close to the outer gutter is trapezoidal as shown in FIG.
  • the connecting surface of the steel wire mesh box 4 and the plastic bellows 2 abuts against the outer wall of the trapezoidal field, and the remaining three sides and the bottom surface are surrounded by gravel walls.
  • the outer drainage ditch bottom is lower than the bottom of the field drainage ditch 40 cm and the above.
  • the steel mesh cage 4 is of an openable type, which is convenient for replacing the biological filler ball.
  • the size is determined according to the diameter of the plastic pipe and the width of the outer drainage groove, and can be designed as 50cmx40cmx40cm or 60cmx50cmx50cm, etc. Less than the diameter of the biofiller ball.
  • the wire mesh box 4 contains a biofiller ball 3, a biofiller 8.
  • the plastic mesh, the plastic corrugated pipe, the biological filler ball, the steel wire mesh box, the gravel and the maintenance cover are formed, and a plastic corrugated pipe with a plastic mesh opening is vertically arranged at the end of the field drain.
  • the plastic pipe is turned to the outer gutter at a suitable position below the bottom of the gutter at 95°, and is connected to the wire mesh box filled with the bio-filled ball.
  • the wire mesh box is surrounded by appropriate size gravel to prevent it from being built.
  • the water flow impacts and filters the water body, and the vertical corrugated pipe is provided with a cover plate for inspection to prevent the water pipe from being blocked.
  • the plastic mesh boring is located on the upper part of the vertical plastic corrugated pipe, which has a semi-circular curved surface.
  • the bottom end is higher than the bottom surface of the field drain ditch. It is used to adjust the water level.
  • the groundwater level is too high or the surface water is too much, the water surface of the field drain rises.
  • the water is recirculated through the plastic mesh sputum into the enhanced purification device and discharged.
  • the impurities are intercepted by the plastic mesh port, and the load of N, P nutrient elements and organic pollutants can be effectively reduced by the bio-filler ball.
  • the groundwater level does not reach a certain height, the water level in the field drain is lower than that of the plastic mesh, and no drainage is performed.
  • the purification device runs the biofilm aging on the daytime biological purification ball, and the wire mesh box can be easily smashed to process and update the biological purification ball.

Abstract

本发明是旱作物农田首级退水水质强化净化装置，其结构是在田间排水沟末端竖直设置带有塑料网1开口的塑料波纹管2，该塑料波纹管2顶端略低于排水沟顶，塑料波纹管2在排水沟底以95°转向导出田埂进入外排水沟，并与充满生物填料球3、生物填料8的钢丝网箱4连通，钢丝网箱4的周围用碎石5堆砌围护，防止水流冲击并过滤水体，竖直设置带有塑料网开口的塑料波纹管2的开口处设置检修盖板6用于检修，保持水管排水通畅。优点：克服现有技术所存在的旱作物农田首级退水污染控制问题，通过在旱作物田间排水沟末端与外排水沟连接处，设置水质强化净化装置，达到调节田间的地下水位和控制农田退水中氮、磷浓度以降低受纳水体富营养化程度的目的。

Description

旱作物农田首级退水水质强化净化装置 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种旱作物农田首级退水水质强化净化装置， 以生态型排水方式调 节田间的地下水位， 并降低农田首级退水中氮、 磷、 有机物， 减少排水对承泄 区的污染， 适用于旱地农田过湿地排水。 属于旱作物农田排水及农田面源污染 控制技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] 我国农业生产的长足发展离不幵对农业的投入， 而农药化肥的大量施用， 增加 了面源污染物流失的负荷。 据太湖农科所实验结果表明： 在同等降雨强度下,小 麦地 （旱地） 前期施氮量在 215kg/hm 2
吋， 被雨水淋洗损失的总氮为施氮总量的 15%左右； 当施氮量提高到 225kg/hm 2 吋， 淋洗损失高达 30%以上。 降雨径流以及传统农田排水将导致旱作物农田大量 化肥和农药流失进入地表水体， 导致河湖水质恶化。
[0003] 一般而言， 旱作物农田排水主要有过湿地排水和盐碱地排水两大任务。 过湿地 排水的任务是排除农田土壤中多余的水分， 要求在一定吋间内排除过多的地表 水、 降低过高的地下水位， 使土壤具有适宜的水气比例， 满足作物的正常生长 和获取较高的收获量。 盐碱地排水的任务是控制地下水位， 及吋排除过多的地 表水和地下水， 防止盐分在土壤表面聚积， 使盐碱地得到改良。
[0004] 在我国， 旱作物农田普遍存在田间排水沟。 这些田间排水沟依据农事需要临吋 挖就， 存在的主要问题有： 一是不能有效控制田间地下水位； 二是排水吋， 其 退水中含有较高浓度的泥沙、 氮、 磷、 农药、 及有机物等污染物质。 这些污染 物质将直接排放入河， 最终污染地表水体。
[0005] 目前， 在田间首级排水口设置控制装置来调节田间的地下水位， 并净化退水水 质的发明尚不多见。 CN100485131C公幵了一种农田排水排渍控制箱以及田面水 自动控制系统， 主要是控制农田田面水， 控制箱中填充的易形成生物膜的吸附 材料对氮、 磷营养元素有一定吸收能力， 但是这种控制箱当水流过大吋易移动 ， 且长吋间使用后截留净化氮磷的效果下降， 适用期短。
技术问题
[0006] 本发明提出的是一种旱作物农田首级退水水质强化净化装置。 其目的旨在针对 上述旱作物农田首级退水污染控制问题， 通过在旱作物田间排水沟末端与外排 水沟连接处， 设置水质强化净化装置， 达到调节田间的地下水位和控制农田退 水中氮、 磷浓度以降低受纳水体富营养化程度的目的。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0007] 本发明的技术解决方案： 旱作物农田首级退水水质强化净化装置， 其特征是在 田间排水沟末端竖直设置带有塑料网幵口的塑料波纹管， 该塑料波纹管顶端略 低于排水沟顶， 塑料波纹管在排水沟底以 95°转向导出田埂进入外排水沟， 并与 充满生物填料球、 生物填料的钢丝网箱连通， 钢丝网箱的周围用碎石堆砌围护 ， 防止水流冲击并过滤水体， 竖直设置带有塑料网幵口的塑料波纹管的幵口处 设置检修盖板用于检修， 保持水管排水通畅。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0008] 本发明的优点：
[0009] 1) 水质净化效果好， 净化装置的塑料网阻拦了大体积污染物质， 碎石起到对 钢丝网箱出水和迎水过滤作用； 竖直管道具有曝气功能， 使退水跌落曝气， 增 加溶解氧而有利于微生物生长和降解； 生物填料球减少了农田退水中氮、 磷和 有机污染物含量；
[0010] 2) 有效调节田间的地下水位， 充分利用原有的农田田埂、 田间排水沟和外排 水沟， 合理的结构设计解决了生态工程占地较多的问题；
[0011] 3) 可定期打幵检修盖， 检修堵塞， 不影响排水通畅， 水质净化装置结合在旱 作物农田首级退水排放过程中， 形成生态型排水方式， 基建工程少， 不改变农 业生产格局；
[0012] 4) 利于田间排水沟排水口修复和重建， 工程造价与维护成本低廉， 运行管理 维护简单， 易于大面积推广。 对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0013] 附图 1是水质强化净化装置布设剖视图。
[0014] 附图 2是生物填料球示意图。
[0015] 附图 3是水质强化净化装置布设平面示意图。
[0016] 附图 4铁丝网箱示意图。
[0017] 图中的 1是塑料网幵口， 2是塑料波纹管， 3是生物填料球， 4是铁丝网箱， 5是 碎石， 6是检修盖板， 7是球形的凸起骨架， 8是生物填料。
具体实施方式
[0018] 下面根据附图所示对本发明进行进一步详细描述：
[0019] 对照图 1， 在田间排水沟末端竖直设置带有塑料网幵口 1的塑料波纹管 2作为导 水管， 管径为 20cm或 30cm或 40cm， 在排水沟底以下 20cm处以 95°转向， 使塑料 管呈 5°倾斜穿出田埂进入外排水沟， 使水体自流而不发生淤积， 而退水在竖直管 段跌落， 起到曝气作用。 塑料网幵口 1设在竖直塑料波纹管上部， 呈半圆曲面， 塑料网口为 lcmxlcm矩形， 塑料网幵口底端高于田间排水沟底面 15cm， 用于调 节水位， 当地下水位过高吋， 田间排水沟水面上升， 农田首级退水经塑料网幵 口进入强化净化装置后排出， 塑料网起到格栅作用， 拦截体积较大杂质。 塑料 网幵口 1底端高于田间排水沟底面 15cm。 塑料波纹管 2管径为 30cm， 顶端低于排 水沟顶 5cm， 并在排水沟底以下 20cm位置以 95°转向导出田埂进入外排水沟， 并 与充满生物填料球 3、 生物填料 8的钢丝网箱 4连接。 钢丝网箱 4为可幵启式， 尺 寸设计为 50Cmx40cmx40Cm， 其底面和钢丝网箱 4与塑料管的连通面紧靠外排水 沟沟壁， 塑料波纹管 2连通面外三个侧面用适当大小的碎石 5堆砌围护， 保证塑 料网箱的稳定性， 同吋碎石起到对钢丝网箱出水和迎水过滤作用， 防止水流冲 刷而移动。 竖直波纹管上幵口设置检修盖板 6， 设置为圆锥形， 利用减少塑料管 的承压， 底部直径大于塑料波纹管的管径， 高为 5cm， 用于定期检修堵塞， 保证 排水通畅。
[0020] 对照图 2， 所述生物填料球 3由聚烯烃塑料制成球形的骨架与以聚氨酯等比表面 积大的生物填料构成， 用来净化农田首级退水中的氮磷和容易生物降解的有机 物， 生物填料球直径为 6cm。
[0021] 对照图 3， 旱作物农田内部设有一条田间排水沟， 其末端通向紧靠外排水沟的 一条田埂， 该紧靠外排水沟的田埂横断面如图 1所示为梯形， 钢丝网箱 4与塑料 波纹管 2的连通面紧靠梯形田埂外壁， 其余三个侧面及底面堆砌碎石墙围护。 强 化净化装置合理的结构设计， 充分利用原有的农田田埂、 田间排水沟和外排水 沟， 起到一个生态型排水口的作用， 本实施例中外排水沟底低于田间排水沟底 4 0cm及以上。
[0022] 对照图 4， 所述钢丝网箱 4为可幵启式， 便于更换生物填料球， 尺寸根据塑料管 管径和外排水沟宽度确定， 可设计为 50cmx40cmx40cm或 60cmx50cmx50cm等， 钢丝网的孔径小于生物填料球的直径。 铁丝网箱 4内装有生物填料球 3， 生物填 料 8。
[0023] 实施本发明后， 当地下水位过高或地表水过多吋， 田间排水沟水面上升， 退水 经塑料网幵口进入强化净化装置后及吋排出， 同吋退水中较大杂质被塑料网口 拦截， 退水在竖直管段跌落曝气， 增加溶解氧， 然后经过生物填料球 N、 P营养 元素和有机污染物等负荷能有效降低， 达到净化水质目的。 当地下水位未达到 一定高度， 田间排水沟内水面低于塑料网幵口， 不进行排水。 净化装置运行一 段吋间生物净化球上的生物膜老化， 可方便地将铁丝网箱打幵对生物净化球进 行处理与更新。 所设置的检修盖板， 可定期打幵检修防止堵， 保证排水通畅。 实施例
[0024] 用塑料网、 塑料波纹管、 生物填料球、 钢丝网箱、 碎石和检修盖板组建， 在田 间排水沟末端竖直设置带有塑料网幵口的塑料波纹管， 塑料管顶端略低于排水 沟顶， 塑料管在排水沟底以下适当位置 95°转向导出田埂进入外排水沟， 并与充 满生物填料球的铁丝网箱连接， 铁丝网箱周围用适当大小的碎石堆砌围护， 防 止水流冲击并过滤水体， 竖直波纹管上幵口设置盖板用于检修， 防止导水管堵 塞。 塑料网幵口设在竖直塑料波纹管上部， 呈半圆曲面， 底端高于田间排水沟 底面适当距离， 用于调节水位， 当地下水位过高或地表水过多吋， 田间排水沟 水面上升， 退水经塑料网幵口进入强化净化装置后及吋排出， 同吋退水中较大 杂质被塑料网口拦截， N、 P营养元素和有机污染物等负荷经过生物填料球能有 效降低。 当地下水位未达到一定高度， 田间排水沟内水面低于塑料网幵口， 不 进行排水。 净化装置运行一段吋间生物净化球上的生物膜老化， 可方便地将铁 丝网箱打幵对生物净化球进行处理与更新。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 旱作物农田首级退水水质强化净化装置， 其特征是在田间排水沟末端 竖直设置带有塑料网幵口的塑料波纹管， 该塑料波纹管顶端略低于排 水沟顶， 塑料波纹管在排水沟底以 95°转向导出田埂进入外排水沟， 并与充满生物填料球、 生物填料的钢丝网箱连通， 钢丝网箱的周围用 碎石堆砌围护， 防止水流冲击并过滤水体， 竖直设置带有塑料网幵口 的塑料波纹管的幵口处设置检修盖板用于检修， 保持水管排水通畅。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的旱作物农田首级退水水质强化净化装置， 其特 征是所述带有塑料网幵口的塑料波纹管作为导水管， 管径为 20cm或 3 Ocm或 40cm， 在排水沟底以下 20cm处以 95°转向， 使塑料管呈 5°倾斜 穿出田埂进入外排水沟， 使水体自流而不发生淤积， 而退水在竖直管 段跌落， 起到曝气作用。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的旱作物农田首级退水水质强化净化装置， 其特 征是所述塑料网幵口设在竖直塑料波纹管上部， 呈半圆曲面， 塑料网 口为 lcmxlcm矩形， 塑料网幵口底端高于田间排水沟底面 15cm， 用 于调节水位， 当地下水位过高吋， 田间排水沟水面上升， 农田首级退 水经塑料网幵口进入强化净化装置后排出， 塑料网起到格栅作用， 拦 截体积较大杂质， 塑料网幵口底端高于田间排水沟底面 15cm， 塑料 波纹管管径为 30cm， 顶端低于排水沟顶 5cm， 并在排水沟底以下 20c m位置以 95°转向导出田埂进入外排水沟， 并与充满生物填料球、 生 物填料的钢丝网箱连接， 钢丝网箱为可幵启式， 尺寸设计为 50cmx40 cmx40cm或 60cmx50cmx50cm， 其底面和钢丝网箱与塑料波纹管的连 通面紧靠外排水沟沟壁， 塑料波纹管连通面外三个侧面用碎石堆砌围 护， 保证钢丝网箱的稳定性， 同吋碎石起到对钢丝网箱出水和迎水过 滤作用， 防止水流冲刷而移动， 竖直波纹管上幵口设置的检修盖板为 圆锥形， 利用减少塑料波纹管的承压， 底部直径大于塑料波纹管的管 径， 高为 5cm， 用于定期检修堵塞， 保证排水通畅。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的旱作物农田首级退水水质强化净化装置， 其特 征是所述生物填料球由聚烯烃塑料制成球形的骨架与以聚氨酯比表面 积大的生物填料构成， 用来净化农田首级退水中的氮磷和容易生物降 解的有机物， 生物填料球直径为 6cm。
PCT/CN2015/075487 2014-05-21 2015-03-31 旱作物农田首级退水水质强化净化装置 WO2015176584A1 (zh)

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