WO2015176196A1 - 一种对含低浓度污油的废水进行深度除油的方法及装置 - Google Patents
一种对含低浓度污油的废水进行深度除油的方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015176196A1 WO2015176196A1 PCT/CN2014/000687 CN2014000687W WO2015176196A1 WO 2015176196 A1 WO2015176196 A1 WO 2015176196A1 CN 2014000687 W CN2014000687 W CN 2014000687W WO 2015176196 A1 WO2015176196 A1 WO 2015176196A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/006—Water distributors either inside a treatment tank or directing the water to several treatment tanks; Water treatment plants incorporating these distributors, with or without chemical or biological tanks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
- C02F2103/36—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds
- C02F2103/365—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds from petrochemical industry (e.g. refineries)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to oil-water separation technology in the field of environmental protection, and in particular to a method and a device for deep degreasing of waste water containing low-concentration sewage oil. Background technique
- the ease of handling of oily wastewater varies with the source and the state and composition of the oil.
- the treatment method can be divided into physical methods (sedimentation, mechanical, centrifugal, coarse granulation, filtration, membrane separation, etc.) according to the principle: physical chemical method (flotation, adsorption, ion exchange, electrolysis, etc.); chemical method (coagulation, acidification) , salting out, etc.); biochemical methods (activated sludge, biofilters, oxidation ponds), etc.
- the compact gas-discharging technology (Compact Flotatition Uni t, CFU) degreasing technology is mainly used for low-concentration sewage.
- the air floatation method is to introduce air into the waste water and precipitate it as a carrier from the water in the form of tiny bubbles, so that the emulsified oil, tiny suspended particles and the like in the waste water adhere to the bubbles, and float up to the surface with the bubbles to form A three-phase mixture of foam, water and particles (oil), which is used for separating the shield and purifying waste water by collecting foam or scum.
- the flotation method is mainly used to treat emulsified oil or small suspended particles with a relative density of nearly 1 in the wastewater which is difficult to remove by natural sedimentation or floating.
- CFU compact air flotation device
- the application of the compact air flotation device (CFU) of Norway Epcon company combines the rotating centrifugal force and the degassing air flotation technology.
- the oil concentration can be reduced to 15-20 mg/L, and the parallel operation can make the oil contain oil.
- the mass concentration is reduced to below 10 mg/L.
- the Chinese invention patent (CN 101972559B) discloses another oil-water separation device and a water-oil separation method.
- the invention patent has three separation methods, such as swirling, coalescing and air-floating, which can effectively separate oil and water.
- the equipment is mainly used for oil-water separation of crude oil in oil fields, and is not suitable for deep degreasing of wastewater containing low-concentration sewage.
- the Chinese utility model (200920252001. X) gives a coalescence plate oil-water separator, which is provided with a casing inlet and outlet portion and a coalescing portion in the casing, and a demister is disposed at the outlet portion, which is relatively good. Oil and water separation effect.
- this equipment is mainly used for the pretreatment of oily sewage, and it does not meet the requirements for deep degreasing of wastewater.
- the present invention provides a method and a device for deep degreasing of wastewater containing low concentration sewage oil, and the specific technical solutions are as follows:
- a method for deep degreasing waste water containing low concentration sewage oil comprises the following steps: (1) First, rectifying the waste water by a fluid rectifier, so that the fluid is uniformly distributed in a radial cross section of the fluid flow; 1 ⁇ 20 ⁇ ; The oil droplet size of the low-concentration oil is 0. 1 ⁇ 20 ⁇ ;
- step (3) The oil water after the coalescence separation in step (2) enters the corrugated strengthening separation layer to rapidly grow and separate the oil droplets, and the oil content in the wastewater is reduced to 8-20 mg/L after the process;
- Step (3) separating the effluent oil from the omega-shaped braid formed by the oleophilic hydrophobic fiber and the hydrophilic oleophobic fiber before the outlet, and the un-separated waste water in the ⁇ -shaped braid layer L ⁇ 8mg/L ⁇ The oil is reduced by the amount of 0. l ⁇ 8mg / L.
- the fluid rectifier is a porous uniformly porous plate, the hole is a circular hole or a square hole, the opening ratio is 60% or more, and the opening ratio is a percentage of the opening area.
- the oleophilic hydrophobic fiber in the X-shaped woven layer of the step (2) has an angle of 25 to 60 degrees with respect to the horizontal line, and the X-shaped fiber woven layer is a section in which one or more pieces of the entire fluid flow are filled.
- the angle between the oleophilic hydrophobic fiber and the horizontal line is between 45 and 60 degrees, it has a good effect on the rapid separation of the dispersed oil droplets. Because of the large horizontal angle, the oil droplets can be quickly followed by the horizontal movement. The oil fiber rise is separated.
- the pitch a of the adjacent two hydrophilic and oleophobic fibers in the X-shaped woven layer is 1 to 3 times the pitch b of the adjacent two oleophilic hydrophobic fibers. Due to the small oil content in the water, the more proportion of lipophilic fibers, the greater the probability of trapping oil droplets, and the lower the oil droplets The granular matter adheres to the water droplets, so the ratio is controlled to be 1 to 3 times, and the efficiency is not improved. When the ratio is more than 3 times, the efficiency is not significantly improved. When the ratio of the lipophilic fiber is increased, the cost is large and meaningless.
- the corrugated reinforcing separation layer in the step (3) is a lipophilic material, wherein the corrugated plate has a pitch of 5 to 25 mm, and a circular hole having a diameter of 5 to 10 is opened at the crest, and the spacing between the circular holes is 50 ⁇ 300mm.
- the lipophilic material enables the floating oil droplets to adhere to the corrugated plate to form a droplet collection point at the peak and to be quickly floated and separated.
- the number ratio is 3: 2 to 7: 1, and the area of the ⁇ -shaped braid layer is 30 to 80% of the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow and is at the lower portion of the fluid flow section.
- the knitting method of the ⁇ -shaped woven layer is that the oleophilic hydrophobic fiber and the hydrophilic oleophobic fiber are respectively arranged in an ⁇ shape and then woven.
- the process uses an omega-shaped braid to focus more on the adsorption of oleophilic hydrophobic fibers.
- the ⁇ -shaped woven contact points are more and the oleophilic fibers are horizontally corrugated along the flow direction of the wastewater, and the special fine oil droplets have a guiding traction and
- the effect of adsorption, and the movement to the convex top can play the role of oil droplet accumulation, and then capture and separate a smaller amount of oil droplets in the outlet water to achieve the effect of deep degreasing, as shown in Figure 2.
- a device for implementing any of the above methods comprising a casing, an oily wastewater inlet, a fluid rectifier, a fiber coalescing separation layer, a corrugated strengthening separation layer, a fiber coalescence supplement layer, a oil package, and a purified water phase outlet;
- the oil-containing wastewater inlet is at an upper end of the casing, the oil is wrapped at the other end of the casing; the oil bag has a liquid level meter, and an oil phase outlet is provided at a top end of the oil package
- the purified water phase outlet is located at a lower portion of the casing, and the purified water phase outlet is disposed opposite to or slightly offset from the oil pack; a fluid rectifier, a fiber coalescing separation layer, a corrugated strengthening separation layer, and a fiber coalescence
- the supplemental layer is located inside the casing and is sequentially arranged in a non-contiguous manner, wherein the fluid rectifier is adjacent to the oily wastewater inlet, and the surface of the fiber coalescing complement layer
- the product is 30 to 80% of the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow and is at the lower portion of the fluid flow cross section.
- the housing is a horizontal circular bristles, or a horizontal rectangular parallelepiped.
- the fiber coalescing separation layer is an X-shaped braid layer formed by weaving a lipophilic hydrophobic fiber and a hydrophilic oleophobic fiber, wherein the oleophilic hydrophobic fiber has an angle of from 25 to 60 degrees with respect to the horizontal line.
- the fiber coalescence supplement layer is an omega-shaped braid layer formed by weaving a oleophilic hydrophobic fiber and a hydrophilic oleophobic fiber, wherein the ratio of the oleophilic hydrophobic fiber to the hydrophilic oleophobic fiber is 3: 2-7: L
- the invention has the beneficial effects that the fluid is uniformly distributed, the oleophilic hydrophobic and the hydrophilic oleophobic oil are woven in different combinations, and the demulsification, coalescence and oil droplets are quickly floated and separated, and the characteristics of containing oil droplets are provided.
- the targeted separation and combination has the characteristics of high efficiency and low consumption, and is suitable for sewage treatment processes with low concentration of oil in different fields.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of demulsification separation
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of deep degreasing of an ⁇ -shaped braid layer
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a X-shaped braid layer
- Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the separation of oil droplets on the X-shaped braid layer
- Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a weaving process in which an oleophilic hydrophobic fiber and a hydrophilic oleophobic fiber form an omega-shaped braid;
- Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a device suitable for deep degreasing of wastewater containing low concentration sewage. Symbol Description:
- Example 1 The offshore oil platform for crude oil exploitation of a petroleum company adopts the method and device for deep degreasing of wastewater containing low concentration sewage oil, and deoils the production wastewater after sedimentation, swirling and air flotation separation. After the deoiled sewage reaches the discharge standard, it is discharged to the sea.
- FIG. 6 The structural schematic diagram of the above device is shown in FIG. 6, and includes a casing 1, an oily wastewater inlet 2, a fluid rectifier 3, a X-shaped braid layer 4 (fiber coalescing separation layer), a corrugated strengthening separation layer 5, and an ⁇ -shaped braid layer 10 ( The fiber coalescing make-up layer), the oil pack 6, the oil phase outlet 7 and the purified water phase outlet 9.
- the oily waste water inlet 2 is at the upper end of the casing 1
- the oil pack 6 is at the other end of the upper portion of the casing 1
- the oil pack 6 has a level gauge 8
- the oil phase outlet 7 is at the top end of the oil pack 6.
- the purified water phase outlet 9 is disposed at a lower portion of the casing 1 opposite to or slightly offset from the oil pocket 6 at the upper portion of the casing 1.
- the fluid rectifier 3, the X-shaped braid layer 4, the corrugated reinforcing separation layer 5, and the ⁇ -shaped braid layer 10 are located inside the casing 1 and are sequentially arranged without being connected to each other, wherein the fluid rectifier 3 is adjacent to the oily wastewater inlet 2, the ⁇ -shaped braid layer
- the area of 10 is 30 to 80% of the cross section of the fluid flow and is at the lower portion of the fluid flow section.
- the corrugated reinforced separation layer 5 is made of a lipophilic material, wherein the corrugated plates have a pitch of 5 to 25 mm, and a circular hole having a diameter of 5 to 10 mm is opened at the crest, and the spacing between the circular holes is 50 to 300 mm.
- the casing 1 in Fig. 6 of the present embodiment is a horizontal circular can, and may also be a horizontal rectangular body.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of demulsification separation of the fluid on the X-shaped braid layer 4.
- 4 is a schematic view showing the separation of oil droplets on the X-shaped braid layer 4.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of deep degreasing of an omega-shaped braid layer
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a weaving process of forming an omega-shaped braid layer by a lipophilic hydrophobic fiber and a hydrophilic oleophobic fiber, wherein the ratio of the oleophilic hydrophobic fiber to the hydrophilic oleophobic fiber For 3: 2-7: 1.
- the above-mentioned device is used for deep degreasing of wastewater containing low concentration of slop oil.
- the specific operation process and effect are described as follows:
- Operating conditions for the production of sewage from the offshore oil platform operating pressure: 1 ps ig; operating temperature 60-90 °C, sewage oil 25 ⁇ 50mg/L, 1 ⁇ 15 ⁇ .
- Required index The oil content in the sewage after degreasing is not more than 10 mg/L.
- the ratio of the oleaginous hydrophobic and hydrophilic oleophobic fibers of the omega fiber woven layer is 4:1, which is suitable for the extremely small amount of oil in the wastewater.
- the drop set is separated.
- the purified oil outlet oil content is 2 ⁇ 6 mg/L, the stability is less than 10 mg/L, and the inlet and outlet pressure drop is 0. OlMPa, and the energy consumption is low.
- the wastewater of a petrochemical plant refinery sewage treatment plant adopts a device suitable for deep degreasing of wastewater containing low concentration sewage oil, and dewatering the wastewater after sedimentation pretreatment, and achieving biochemical treatment after degreasing Claim.
- the oil content in the sewage after degreasing is not more than 25 mg/L.
- Demulsification and can meet the requirements of rapid floating separation after coalescence of small oil droplets;
- the omega fiber woven layer is oleophilic and hydrophobic.
- the ratio of hydrophilic oleophobic fiber is 3:1, which is suitable for the supplementation and separation of trace oil droplets in wastewater.
- the purified oil outlet oil content is 14 ⁇ 20 mg/L, and the stability is less than 25 mg/L.
- the inlet and outlet pressure drop is 0.0008 MPa, and the energy consumption is low.
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种对含低浓度污油的废水进行深度除油的方法及装置。含低浓度污油的废水从进口进入装置后首先通过整流器使流体均布,其次通过以一定方式编织的亲油疏水纤维和亲水疏油纤维编织层进行微量油滴的捕获、聚结长大及微量水包油形式乳化液的破乳、分离,最后通过波纹强化沉降分离形式实现油滴的快速聚结长大分离。发明还提供了一套实现该方法的装置,包括壳体、进料管、整流器、纤维聚结层、波纹强化分离层,以及液面计等几个部分。本技术分离效率高、能耗小、连续运转周期长,可广泛应用于各个含低浓度污油废水处理过程。
Description
一种对含低浓度污油的废水进行深度除油的方法及装置 技术领域 本发明属于环保领域油水分离技术,具体涉及一种含低浓度污油废水 深度除油的方法及装置。 背景技术
随着环保的日益严格, 对含油废水深度除油的要求越来越高, 如我 国将海上石油开采污水含油指标由以前的 20mg/L提高到 10mg/L; 污水 处理场进生化处理的含油指标也在提高。
含油废水的处理难易程度随其来源及油污的状态和组成不同而有差 异。其处理方法按原理可分为物理法(沉降、机械、 离心、粗粒化、过滤、 膜分离等): 物理化学法 (浮选、 吸附、 离子交换、 电解等); 化学法 (凝 聚、 酸化、 盐析等); 生物化学法(活性污泥、 生物滤池、 氧化塘)等。
目前就含低浓度污水主要采用紧凑型气浮除油技术 (Compact Flotat ion Uni t, CFU)除油技术。 气浮处理法就是向废水中通入空气, 并 以微小气泡形式从水中析出成为载体, 使废水中的乳化油、 微小悬浮颗 粒等污染物质粘附在气泡上, 随气泡一起上浮到水面, 形成泡沫一气、 水、 颗粒(油)三相混合体, 通过收集泡沫或浮渣达到分离杂盾、 净化 废水的目的。 浮选法主要用来处理废水中靠自然沉降或上浮难以去除的 乳化油或相对密度近于 1的微小悬浮颗粒。目前应用较多的为挪威 Epcon 公司的紧凑气浮装置( CFU ),将旋转离心力及脱气气浮技术结合在一起, 一般能将含油质量浓度减低至 15- 20mg/L, 并联工作可使含油质量浓度 降低到 10mg/L以下。
但影响气浮的因素较多, 无论哪种气浮技术, 首要发生的过程都是 气泡与油滴发生接触, 因此气泡粒径、 气泡上升速度及气泡的分布都会
影响到除油的效果; 其次接触后还需有气泡与油滴的附着与包裹; 而气 浮罐内的流体状态也会影响气浮效果, 如粘附后气泡脱离、 气泡随水流 出装置等影响, 因此相对操作控制要复杂一些。 另外气浮技术的能耗也 相对较高, 后续还存在气体带油滴上升等后续液气、 气液分离以及浮渣 处理的问题。
中国发明专利( CN 101972559B )给出了另一种油水分离装置和油水 分离方法, 该发明专利含有旋流、 聚结和气浮等三种分离方法, 可有效 的将油水分离。 不过该设备主要应用于油田原油的油水分离, 对含低浓 度污油废水深度除油并不适用。
中国实用新型 ( 200920252001. X )给出了一种聚结板油水分离器, 设置有壳体进出口部分和壳体内聚结部分,并在出口部 ^殳置有除沫器, 有比较好的油水分离效果。 但是该设备主要用于含油污水的预处理, 也 达不到废水深度除油的要求。
因此本领域迫切需要开发成本低且效果好、 能耗低的含低浓度污油 高效低耗除油技术。 发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种含低浓度污油废水 深度除油的方法及其装置, 具体技术方案如下:
一种对含低浓度污油的废水进行深度除油的方法, 包括如下步骤: ( 1 )首先, 通过流体整流器对所述废水进行整流, 使流体在流体流 动的径向截面实现均勾分布; 所述废水中低浓度污油的浓度不大于 100mg/L,所述低浓度污油的油滴粒径为 0. 1 ~ 20μιη;
( 2 )经整流后的废水均匀进入亲油疏水性纤维和亲水疏油性纤维交 错编织形成的 X形编织层, 在所述 X形编织层中进行油滴的捕获、 聚结 长大及微量水包油形式乳化液的破乳和分离, 该过程结束后油滴粒径增
至 10~50μπι;
( 3 )经步骤(2 )聚结分离后的油水进入波纹强化分离层进行油滴 的快速长大和分离, 经该过程后废水中油含量降为 8~20mg/L;
( 4 ) 步骤(3 )分离污油后的废水在出口前 ^亲油疏水性纤维和 亲水疏油性纤维形成的 Ω形编织层,在所述 Ω形编织层中对废水中未分离 的^ U由滴和乳化油滴进行深度补集分离, 经该过程分离后废水中含油 量降为 0. l〜8mg/L。
所述流体整流器为一多孔均布的开孔厚板,所述孔为圆孔或方形孔, 开孔率大于等于 60%, 开孔率是开孔面积占板面积的百分比。
步驟(2 ) 的所述 X 形编织层中亲油疏水性纤维与水平线的夹角为 25度至 60度, 所述 X形纤维编织层为 1块或者多块地充满整个流体流 动的截面。
经发明人长期研究发现, 当亲油疏水性纤维与水平线(亲水疏油性 纤维) 夹角为 25度至 45度之间时, 对乳化油滴有着高效的分离效率, 因亲油疏水性纤维与水平的亲水疏油性纤维夹角较小, 乳化油滴 (水包 油)运动到两根纤维的节点处时, 如图 1所示, 受亲油疏水性纤维及亲 水疏油性纤维的极性作用力, 油滴受到亲油疏水性纤维的拖拽力, 而角 度较小时(图 1中的 a处)在水平运动距离相等时油滴受力过程较长, 更容易被分离, 反之, 如果角度大时(图 1中的 b处), 油滴因受力过程 短, 而不易分离。 而当亲油疏水性纤维与水平线夹角为 45度至 60度之 间时, 对分散油滴的快速分离有着较好的作用, 因水平角度大, 水平运 动时油滴更能快速顺着亲油纤维上升被分离。
所述 X形编织层中相邻两根亲水疏油性纤维的间距 a是相邻两根亲油 疏水性纤维的间距 b的 1~3倍。 由于水中油含量较小, 因此亲油性纤维 占的比例越多其捕获油滴的概率也越大, 又由于较低含量的油滴以微小
颗粒状附着在水滴上, 因此比例控制在 1~3倍时效果最好, 超过 3倍时 的效率未见明显提高, 再增加亲油性纤维比例的话成本较大且无意义。
步骤( 3 )中所述波纹强化分离层采用的是亲油性材料, 其中波紋板 的间距为 5~25mm, 波峰处开有直径 5~10隱的圆孔, 所述圆孔之间的间 距为 50~300mm。 亲油性材料能使得上浮油滴在波纹板附着流动, 到波峰 处形成油滴汇聚点而快速上浮被分离。
数量比例为 3: 2〜7: 1, 所述 Ω形编织层的面积为流体流动截面面积的 30~80%且处于所述流体流动截面的下部。 所述 Ω形编织层的编织方法是 将其中的亲油疏水性纤维与亲水疏油性纤维分别预先排列为 Ω形状后进 行编织而成
该过程采用 Ω形编织层更侧重于亲油疏水纤维的吸附作用, 采用 Ω 形编织接触点多且为亲油纤维顺着废水流动方向呈水平波纹形状, 对特 别细小油滴有着导流牵引及吸附的作用, 而在运动到凸顶处又可起到油 滴聚积长大作用, 进而将出口水中的更微量油滴捕获分离, 达到深度除 油的效果, 如图 2所示。
实现上述任一方法的装置, 所述装置包括壳体、 含油废水进口、 流 体整流器、 纤维聚结分离层、 波纹强化分离层、 纤维聚结补集层、 油包、 净化水相出口;
其中, 所述含油废水进口在所述壳体的上部一端, 所述油包在所述 壳体的上部另一端; 所述油包具有液面计, 所述油包的顶端设有油相出 口; 所述净化水相出口位于所述壳体的下部, 该净化水相出口与所述油 包相对或稍有偏差地设置; 流体整流器、 纤维聚结分离层、 波紋强化分 离层、 纤维聚结补集层位于所述壳体的内部并依次互不相连地排列, 其 中, 所述流体整流器靠近所述含油废水进口, 所述纤维聚结补集层的面
积为流体流动截面面积的 30~80%且处于所述流体流动截面的下部。 所述壳体为卧式圆形耀, 或卧式长方体罐。
所述纤维聚结分离层是亲油疏水纤维和亲水疏油纤维进行编织形成 的 X形编织层, 其中亲油疏水性纤维与水平线的夹角为 25度至 60度。
所述纤维聚结补集层是亲油疏水纤维和亲水疏油纤维进行编织形成 的 Ω形编织层, 其中亲油疏水纤维与亲水疏油纤维的数量比例为 3: 2-7: L
本发明的有益效果在于, 将流体均布, 亲油疏水及亲水疏油以不同 组合形式进行编织, 起到破乳、 聚结及油滴快速上浮分离作用, 且针对 含微量油滴的特性进行针对性的分离组合, 具有高效且低耗的特点, 适 用于不同领域的含低浓度污油的污水处理过程。
附图说明
图 1是破乳分离原理示意图;
图 2是 Ω形编织层的深度除油示意图; 图 3是 X形编织层的结构示意图;
图 4是油滴在 X形编织层上的分离示意图;
图 5是亲油疏水纤维和亲水疏油纤维形成 Ω形编织层的编织过程示 意图;
图 6是适用于含低浓度污油废水的深度除油的装置结构示意图。 符号说明:
1 壳体; 2 含油废水进口; 3 流体整流器;
4 X形编织层; 5 波紋强化分离层; 6 油包;
7 油相出口; 8 液面计; 9 净化水相出口; 10 Ω形编织层。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
实施例 1
某石油公司原油开采的海洋石油平台上, 采用了本发明的适用于含 低浓度污油废水深度除油的方法及装置, 对其经过沉降、 旋流、 气浮分 离后的生产废水进行除油, 除油后的污水达到排放标准后排海。
上述装置的结构示意图如图 6所示, 包括壳体 1、 含油废水进口 2、 流体整流器 3、 X形编织层 4 (纤维聚结分离层)、 波紋强化分离层 5、 Ω 形编织层 10 (纤维聚结补集层)、油包 6、油相出口 7及净化水相出口 9。 含油废水进口 2在壳体 1的上部一端, 油包 6在壳体 1的上部另一端, 油包 6具有液面计 8, 油相出口 7在油包 6的顶端。 净化水相出口 9在 壳体 1的下部, 与壳体 1上部的油包 6相对或稍有偏差地设置。 流体整 流器 3、 X形编织层 4、 波纹强化分离层 5、 Ω形编织层 10位于壳体 1的 内部并依次互不相连地排列, 其中, 流体整流器 3靠近含油废水进口 2 , Ω形编织层 10的面积为流体流动截面面积的 30〜80%且处于流体流动截 面的下部。 波纹强化分离层 5采用的是亲油性材料, 其中波紋板的间距 为 5~25mm , 波峰处开有直径 5~10mm 的圆孔, 圆孔之间的间距为 50〜300mm。
本实施例的图 6中的壳体 1为卧式圆形罐,还可以是卧式长方体耀。
X形编织层 4的结构示意图如图 3所示, 其中亲油疏水性纤维与水 平线的夹角可为 25度至 60度, 图 1是流体在 X形编织层 4上的破乳分 离原理示意图, 图 4是油滴在 X形编织层 4上的分离示意图。
图 2是 Ω形编织层的深度除油示意图, 图 5是亲油疏水纤维和亲水 疏油纤维形成 Ω形编织层的编织过程示意图, 其中亲油疏水纤维与亲水 疏油纤维的数量比例为 3: 2-7: 1。
使用上述装置对含低浓度污油的废水进行深度除油, 其具体运作过 程及效果描述如下:
该海油平台生产污水的操作条件:操作压力: 1 ps ig;操作温度 60-90 °C , 污水含油 25~50mg/L, 1~15μιη。
要求指标: 除油后污水中油含量不大于 10 mg/L。
方案选择: 本方案中生产污水含油量较低, 且初期经过了沉降、 旋 流及气浮分离, 因此废水中污油大多以微小颗粒形态^:于废水中, 因 出口要求油含量需稳定不大于 10 mg/L, 因此采用整流、 X形纤维编织层 分离、 波纹强化分离、 Ω形纤维编织层深度分离的组合方法进行处理, 考虑废水中存在乳化油的问题, 因此 X形纤维编织层采用两段式, 第一 段 X形纤维编织层的纤维间距比为 a: b-2, θ=25° (如图 3所示, 相邻 两根亲水疏油性纤维的间距是 a, 相邻两根亲油疏水性纤维的间距是 b; Θ是亲油疏水性纤维与水平线的夹角), 适用于小油滴的高效、 快速补集 聚结及乳化油滴的破乳; 第二段 X 形纤维编织层的纤维间距比为 a: b=l. 5 , θ=60。 , 适用于小油滴的快速上浮分离; 考虑出口要求油含 量很低, 因此 Ω形纤维编织层亲油疏水与亲水疏油纤维的数量比例为 4: 1, 适用于废水中极微量的油滴补集分离。
结果分析: 净化水出口油含量为 2~6 mg/L, 稳定小于 10 mg/L的分 离要求, 进出口压力降为 0. OlMPa, 能耗较低。
实施例 2
某石化公司炼油厂污水处理车间污水采用本发明的一种适用于含低 浓度污油废水深度除油的设备,对其经过沉降预处理后的废水进行除油, 除油后达到进生化处理的要求。
其他条件同实施例 1, 不同的部分如下描述的具体运作过程及效果: 该污水处理车间经重力沉降预处理后废水的操作条件: 操作压力: 0. 2MPa; 操作温度 40〜60。C, 污水含油 80~100mg/L。
要求指标: 除油后污水中油含量不大于 25 mg/L。
方案选择: 本方案中污水初期经过了简单的沉降分离, 因此废水中 油滴大多以微小、 较小颗粒形态 于废水中, 存在少量的乳化油滴, 出口要求油含量不大于 25 mg/L, 因此采用整流、 X形纤维编织层分离、 波纹强化分离、 Ω形纤维编织层深度分离的组合方法进行处理, 考虑废 水中存在少量乳化油, 且废水中油滴大多以微小、 较小颗粒形态分散于
废水中 ,因此 X形纤维编织层采用一段式,纤维间距比为 a: b=2. 5 , θ=45 ° , 适用于微小、 较小油滴的高效、 快速补集聚结及少量乳化油滴的破 乳, 且能满足小油滴聚结后的快速上浮分离要求; 考虑废水出口进生活 处理, 因此需稳定满足油含量小于 25 mg/L的要求, 因此 Ω形纤维编织 层亲油疏水与亲水疏油纤维的比例为 3: 1, 适用于废水中微量的油滴补 集分离。
结果分析: 净化水出口油含量为 14~20 mg/L, 稳定小于 25 mg/L的 分离要求, 进出口压力降为 0. 008MPa, 能耗较低。
综上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非用来限制本发明的实 施范围。 及凡依本发明申请专利范围的内容所做的等效变化与修饰, 都 应为本发明的技术范畴。
Claims
1、一种对含低浓度污油的废水进行深度除油的方法, 其特征在于, 包括 如下步骤:
( 1 )首先, 通过流体整流器对所述废水进行整流, 使流体在流体流动的 径向截面实现均匀分布; 所述废水中低浓度污油的浓度不大于 100mg/L, 所述^ ί氏浓度污油的油滴粒径为 0. 1 ~ 20μιη;
( 2 )经整流后的废水均匀进入亲油疏水性纤维和亲水疏油性纤维交错编 织形成的 X形编织层, 在所述 X形编织层中进行油滴的捕获、 聚结长大 及微量水包油形式乳化液的破乳和分离, 该过程结束后油滴粒径增至 10〜50μιη;
( 3 )经步骤(2 )聚结分离后的油水进入波紋强化分离层进行油滴的快 速长大和分离, 经该过程后废水中油含量降为 8~20mg/L;
( 4 ) 步骤(3 )分离污油后的废水在出口前进入亲油疏水性纤维和亲水 疏油性纤维编织形成的 Ω形编织层,在所述 Ω形编织层中对废水中未分离 的^ t油滴和乳化油滴进行深度补集分离, 经该过程分离后废水中含油 量降为 0. l〜8mg/L。
2、如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述流体整流器为一多孔均 布的开孔厚板, 所述孔为圆孔或方形孔, 开孔率大于等于 60%。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤(2 ) 的所述 X形编织 层中亲油疏水性纤维与水平线的夹角为 25度至 60度, 所述 X形纤维编 织层为 1块或者多块,充满整个流体流动的截面。
4、如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 X形编织层中相邻两根 亲水疏油性纤维的间距 a是相邻两 >亲油疏水性纤维的间距 b的 1~3倍。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤(3 ) 中所述波纹强化
分离层采用的是亲油性材料, 其中波纹板的间距为 5~25mm, 波峰处开有 直径 5~10隱的圆孔, 所述圆孔之间的间距为 50 300瞧。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤(4 ) 的所述 Ω形编织 层中亲油疏水性纤维与亲水疏油性纤维的数量比例为 3: 2〜7: 1 , 所述 Ω 形编织层的面积为流体流动截面面积的 30~80%且处于所述流体流动截 面的下部; 所述 Ω形编织层的编织方法是将其中的亲油疏水性纤维与亲 水疏油性纤维分别预先排列为 Ω形状后进行编织而成。
7、一种实现权利要求 1-6任一所述方法的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置 包括壳体、 含油废水进口、 流体整流器、 纤维聚结分离层、 波紋强化分 离层、 纤维聚结补集层、 油包、 净化水相出口;
其中, 所述含油废水进口在所述壳体的上部一端, 所述油包在所述 壳体的上部另一端; 所述油包具有液面计, 所述油包的顶端设有油相出 口; 所述净化水相出口位于所述壳体的下部, 该净化水相出口与所述油 包相对或稍有偏差地设置; 流体整流器、 纤维聚结分离层、 波紋强化分 离层、 纤维聚结补集层位于所述壳体的内部并依次互不相连地排列, 其 中, 所述流体整流器靠近所述含油废水进口, 所述纤维聚结补集层的面 积为流体流动截面面积的 30~80%且处于所述流体流动截面的下部。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述壳体为卧式圆形罐, 或 卧式长方体耀。
9、如权利要求 7所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述纤维聚结分离层是亲油 疏水纤维和亲水疏油纤维进行编织形成的 X形编织层, 其中亲油疏水性 纤维与水平线的夹角为 25度至 60度。
10、 如权利要求 7所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述纤维聚结补集层是亲 油疏水纤维和亲水疏油纤维进行编织形成的 Ω形编织层, 其中亲油疏水 纤维与亲水疏油纤维的数量比例为 3: 2-7: 1。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20170088441A1 (en) | 2017-03-30 |
| CN103964545A (zh) | 2014-08-06 |
| CN103964545B (zh) | 2015-05-06 |
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