WO2015173489A1 - Dispositif continu pour imprégner en une seule étape des mêches ou des rubans de fibres naturelles, en particulier le lin - Google Patents
Dispositif continu pour imprégner en une seule étape des mêches ou des rubans de fibres naturelles, en particulier le lin Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015173489A1 WO2015173489A1 PCT/FR2015/051179 FR2015051179W WO2015173489A1 WO 2015173489 A1 WO2015173489 A1 WO 2015173489A1 FR 2015051179 W FR2015051179 W FR 2015051179W WO 2015173489 A1 WO2015173489 A1 WO 2015173489A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
- B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
- B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
- B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
- B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
- B29B13/08—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by using wave energy or particle radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
- B29B13/06—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by drying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
- B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
- B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
- B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
- B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
- B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
- B29B15/122—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
- B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
- B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
- B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
- B29B15/122—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex
- B29B15/125—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex by dipping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
- B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
- B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
- B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
- B29B15/122—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex
- B29B15/127—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex by spraying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
- B29C70/504—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands
- B29C70/506—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands and impregnating by melting a solid material, e.g. sheet, powder, fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2311/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2201/00 - B29K2309/00, as reinforcement
- B29K2311/10—Natural fibres, e.g. wool or cotton
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2971—Impregnation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for impregnating strands or ribbons of natural fibers, in particular flax with a specific aqueous dispersion of polymer to consolidate the fibers at the core of the fiber bundle and improve their mechanical strength without the need for twisting.
- the invention also relates to the treated fibers and their use in composite materials.
- the natural fibers of flax, hemp or sisal and in particular flax are not continuous but discontinuous fibers interconnected by transverse fibrils ensuring their holding.
- this outfit is quite weak and makes complex their implementation and their use in finished products. It is therefore interesting and even necessary to strengthen the mechanical strength of the strands or son or ribbons of natural fibers, unlike the case of glass or carbon fibers that are continuous.
- a wick or ribbon of natural technical fibers sufficiently resistant not to to break during their manufacture requires the realization of wicks or ribbons of fibers of heavy weights (expressed in tex), significantly larger than what is done with the glass fiber or carbon.
- a tex corresponds to a weight or linear mass (per unit length) equal to lg / km or 10 ⁇ 6 kg / m.
- This greater desired basis weight results in unidirectional fibrous reinforcements or nonwovens, or coarser fabrics, with imperfections and thus affecting the ultimate strength of natural fiber composites such as flax fibers. It is also impossible, with this type of reinforcement based on natural fibers, to produce lightweight sandwich panels comprising natural fiber composite skins, in particular flax fibers, of very small thickness.
- a ribbon or wick with a lower basis weight in flax fibers is to produce quasi-continuous natural fiber composites of greater mechanical strength and to produce lightweight sandwich panels comprising composite reinforcements based on technical natural fibers, more efficient than those made from textile fibers.
- thermosetting matrix composites of being recyclable and of being able to be implemented or shaped easily.
- the reinforcement with natural fibers adds an additional advantage to the recyclability resulting from the vegetable origin of the fibers. This is an important element to consider in the ecological context where the aim is the use of renewable raw materials respecting the environment.
- thermoplastic composites with glass fiber reinforcement in particular based on flax fibers
- the use of thermoplastic composites with natural fiber reinforcement makes it possible to lighten the said fibers. composites for equivalent performance.
- the density of flax fibers (1.5) is about forty percent lower than that of glass fibers.
- Patent GB 512,558 describes the treatment of cotton fibers with a dispersion of rubber or synthetic resin with a low polymer content ranging from 2 to 10%, without the need to twist the cotton threads for mechanical tensile strength. After impregnation under pressure, the excess dispersion is removed by pressurized air jet, with few polymer particles remaining on the fibers after removing the surplus and drying the fibers. No data on the polymer content remaining between the fibers is specified and no specific example is given on the conditions of production and the precise results obtained. This document also does not describe the specific problem of natural fibers such as flax, as previously discussed, for the purposes of reinforcing thermoplastic matrices of thermoplastic composite materials.
- patent EP 324 680 describes a device for preparing a reinforced thermoplastic semi-product, such as a material based on polypropylene reinforced with glass fibers.
- a reinforced thermoplastic semi-product such as a material based on polypropylene reinforced with glass fibers.
- the wetting of the reinforcing fibers is even better than the fibers remain in the unitary state and not in the state of wicks or basic son.
- the process described in connection with this device comprises the preparation of an aqueous coating composition comprising a resin in a parcel state and a viscosity regulating agent, and optionally additives, followed by the coating of a facing a mat of reinforcing fibers dispersed in the unitary state with the aqueous coating composition, and then drying to obtain a semi-produced sheet optionally followed by the melting of said resin.
- No technical problem related to natural fibers such as flax is mentioned in this document which concerns more that of a semifinished product based on a polyolefin reinforced with glass fiber
- the patent FR 2,223,173 describes a device for preparing resin-impregnated fiber sheets or ribbons from an aqueous dispersion of resin, in particular thermosetting resin, with dispersion after thickening with the aid of an agent. thickening.
- the fibers concerned are not natural fibers such as flax and neither the problem nor its solution are suggested.
- the present invention makes it possible to solve the technical problem described above with respect to the state of the art with a specific device for impregnating wicks or ribbons of natural fibers where this problem arises, this impregnation occurring at heart by a dispersion.
- a specific polymer aqueous solution thus allowing said polymer to bind to the core of the fiber bundle, that is to say between them, the fibers of said locks or said ribbons in order to consolidate them by this specific impregnation with the fine particles of polymer used after fusion.
- This impregnation can lead further and directly to a pre-impregnated fibrous reinforcement, wick or tape of low grammage usable for the manufacture of composite materials.
- the subject of the present invention is a continuous device for impregnating, in a single step, rovings or ribbons of natural fibers, in particular of flax, with a specific aqueous polymer dispersion in order to consolidate the fibers at the core of the fiber bundle and to improve their mechanical strength without the need for twisting, comprising the following means:
- stretching means for stretching the wick or ribbon of natural fibers in order to obtain the desired titration
- said aqueous polymer dispersion comprising at least one amorphous polymer with a Tg of between approximately 50 ° C and 175 ° C, preferably between approximately 80 ° C and 150 ° C, or a semi-crystalline polymer with a melting point of between between about 70 ° and 220 ° C, preferably between about 90 ° C and 190 ° C, more preferably from 100 ° C to 170 ° C, said dispersion comprising a weight ratio of said polymer between about 5% and 50% with dispersed particles having a number average size of less than 10000 nm, preferably of between about 50 and 5000 nm, and more preferably between about 50 and 500 nm.
- the polymer dispersion according to the invention is a fine dispersion of the polymer particles by limiting the size of said particles so that said particles diffuse easily into the core of the bundle of natural fibers to consolidate (bind together) said fibers.
- the device according to the present invention comprises at least one of the following characteristics:
- the stretching stretching means comprise a reciprocating translation comb and rotating inlet and outlet rollers arranged before and after said comb, said rollers creating, by rotating in the same direction, a speed differential of such so that the output speed of the fibers is greater than the speed of entry of the latter;
- the stretching elongation means stretch the fibers with an output ratio of between about 1 and 25, preferably between about 3 and 10;
- the impregnation means are constituted by a spraying system or a dipping system in an immersion type bath or a contact impregnation roll;
- the rate of impregnation in the impregnation means is between a few m / min and several tens of m / min, preferably between about 5 m / min and 50 m / min;
- the impregnation rate of polymer obtained using the impregnation means is between about 0.1% and more than 50% in weight of polymer, preferably between about 2% and 5% for a consolidation effect and between about 35% and 50% for a pre-impregnated product;
- the shaping means comprise a dewatering module and a shaping die
- the shaping means exert a spin pressure ranging from a few kg to several hundred kg, preferably about 100 kg;
- the drying means are chosen from infrared radiation, a microwave flow, an induction heating or an oven with extraction of water, a pulsed air oven or hot roll calendering;
- the drying temperature is between about 100 ° and 250 ° C, preferably between 100 ° C and 200 ° C;
- said polymer is chosen from: (co) polyamides, (co) polyesters, polyurethanes, poly (meth) acrylates, fluorinated polymers or polyolefins.
- the polymers of said dispersion according to the invention may be homopolymers or copolymers based on at least two monomers or repeating units or they may be polymer mixtures that are compatible with each other. Compatible polymers means they are miscible with each other, without phase separation;
- said polymer is chosen from a poly (meth) acrylate, including copolymers, functionalized by acid functional groups or a fluorinated polymer, including copolymers, grafted with reactive functions
- said aqueous dispersion is an aqueous dispersion obtained by emulsion polymerization in the presence of a surfactant, and said reactive functions can react with said natural fibers and more particularly with flax fibers.
- acrylic in its general meaning according to the invention, in the absence of specific indication, means both acrylic and / or methacrylic.
- an aqueous acrylic dispersion mention may be made of the dispersion based on a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and of butyl acrylate and acrylic acid.
- a fluoropolymer dispersion mention may be made of aqueous dispersions of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) or copolymers of VDF with other olefins, in particular fluorinated olefins.
- the surfactant can be a fluorinated surfactant.
- a fluorinated surfactant mention may be made of the perfluorinated octanoic acid ammonium salt.
- the grafted fluoropolymer may be obtained by grafting said fluoropolymer with, for example, maleic anhydride;
- said polymer is a polyurethane formed from a polyisocyanate prepolymer comprising an ionic group, dispersed in water with chain extension in an aqueous medium.
- a pre-polymer is obtained by reaction of a diol carrying a carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid function with a polyisocyanate, in particular diisocyanate and optionally another diol without ionic function, in an organic medium, in particular with a solvent. easy to remove by evaporation.
- the dispersion in water is carried out after at least partial neutralization of said acid function, with a mineral base, such as ammonia or an alkali metal hydroxide, or an organic base, such as a tertiary amine.
- the chain extension can be carried out with a chain extension agent carrying functions that are reactive with the isocyanate functions of said pre-polymer, such as, for example, a diamine.
- a chain extension agent carrying functions that are reactive with the isocyanate functions of said pre-polymer, such as, for example, a diamine.
- the organic solvent can be removed by evaporation to recover the final aqueous polyurethane dispersion whose dry extract can be adjusted by dilution in water;
- said polymer is dispersible (or dispersed) in the form of a powder in an aqueous medium without surfactant and preferably said polymer in powder form carries ionic groups or precursor groups of ionic groups, in particular by neutralization in water during the preparation of said dispersion;
- said polymer is a copolyamide, preferably carrying carboxyl or sulphonic end groups or amino terminal groups, more preferably having a content of said groups ranging from 50 to 500 eq / g, in particular 100 to 250 eq / g;
- said copolyamide carries amine groups, preferably primary amines, neutralized in the form of ammonium by an acid, preferably Bronsted acid, more preferably phosphorus;
- said copolyamide carries neutralized carboxy groups, in salt form, with a base
- said copolyamide is semi-crystalline with a melting point less than or equal to 150 ° C .
- said copolyamide comprises at least one of the following monomers: 5.9, 5.10, 5.12, 5.13, 5.14, 5.16, 5.18, 5.36, 6, 6.9, 6.10, 6.12, 6.13, 6.14, 6.16, 6.18, 6.36, 9, 10.6, 10.9, 10.10, 10.12, 10.13, 10.14, 10.16, 10.18, 10.36, 11, 12, 12.6, 12.9, 12.10, 12.12, 12.13, 12.14, 12.16, 12.18, 12.36, 6.6 / 6, 11 / 10.10 and mixtures thereof and preferably includes at least one of 11, 12, 10.10, 6, 6.10, 6.12, 10.12, 6.14 and / or 6.6 / 6, 11 / 10.10, and mixtures thereof;
- said polymer is a copolyamide chosen from: PA
- copolyamide may be semi-aromatic amorphous and selected from:
- said polymer is semi-crystalline with a melting temperature Tf greater than 90 ° C., preferably at least 100 ° C., and the particles of said dispersion have a number-average size of between approximately 50 and 5000 nm, and preferably between about 50 and 500 nm. This size of the particles is measured according to laser diffraction method (Coulter LS600) or by scanning electron microscopy.
- the glass transition temperature Tg of the polymers used is measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), after a second heat-up, according to the ISO 11357-2 standard.
- the heating and cooling rate is 20 ° C / min.
- the melting temperature Tf and the crystallization temperature Te are measured by DSC, after a first heating, according to the ISO 11357-3 standard. The heating and cooling rate is 20 ° C / min;
- the dry weight content of said polymer relative to the dry weight of said fibers varies from 0.5% to less than 50%; -
- the said weight ratio varies from 0.5 to 10% and said impregnation is limited to the consolidation of said fibers together, in addition to a sizing.
- fiber consolidation their cohesion energy increases because of the connection of said fibers together in the core of the fiber bundle.
- a sizing the desired effect is different and related to a compatibilization of said fibers with the polymer matrix of the composite by the interface created around the fibers with a specific polymer improving the compatibility of the fibers with the matrix for better adhesion fibers to the polymer matrix of the composite material;
- said level is greater than 25% and less than 50%, preferably 30% to 45%, and said impregnation in addition to said consolidation leads to a prepreg of said fibers used or usable separately or successively in the manufacture of composite materials;
- the viscosity of said dispersion at 25 ° C. varies from 10 to 1000 MPa.s.
- the method used for viscosity measurement is the Brookfield method;
- said fibers are long fibers, in particular long flax fibers, with L / D> 2000;
- said locks or ribbons are based on flax fibers having a tex between about 10 and 10,000, preferably between about 100 and 4000 and more preferably between about 500 and 1500;
- the invention also relates to impregnated natural fibers, in particular flax fibers, are obtained using the device as described above.
- the fibers comprise as consolidation binder at the core of the bundle of said fibers, bonding between said fibers between them, the semi-crystalline copolyamide as defined above, and preferably at a rate by dry weight of polymer relative to said fibers + polymer ranging from 0.5 to 10%.
- the fibers constitute reinforcing fibers for composites, in particular for thermoplastic composites, preferably for thermoplastic matrix polyamide, more preferably for polyamide matrix based on PA 11, PA10.10 and PA 6.10 and PA 101/61
- the invention also relates to composite materials reinforced by natural fibers obtained using the device as defined above.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a device according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a side view of Figure 1; and Fig. 3 is a top view of Fig. 1.
- Figs. 1 to 3 show a device 1 for impregnating natural fibers such as flax with a specific polymer according to the present invention.
- This device 1 comprises, in the direction of displacement F of the fibers 100, stretching means 10, impregnation means 20, shaping means 30, drying means 40 and conditioning means 50.
- the stretch-stretching means 10 comprises a pair of rotating gripping rollers 12, a spiked-web comb 14 and a pair of spinning exit pinch rollers 16.
- the fibers 100 for example a ribbon of combed linen thus continuous in its macroscopic form which is 7 g / m, penetrate the lengthening means 10 by the rotary gripping rollers 12 and then pass through the comb 14 which performs an alternating translation movement between the two pairs of rotating pinch rolls before emerging out of the way after the pair of spinning output pinch rollers 16.
- the flax fibers are drawn with an elongation ratio of from about 1 to 25, preferably from about 3 to 10, by example of 7.
- the elongation of the fibers 100 is produced by both the comb and the rotational speed difference (differential) of the rotating pinch roll pairs, the rotary rolls. output nip 16 rotating faster than the rotating input nip rollers 12.
- the ribbon or wick is lg / m, a draw ratio of 7.
- the fibers thus stretched then penetrate the impregnation means 20.
- the ribbon is very fragile, it then passes through an aqueous dispersion mist which is sent by a spraying system.
- the impregnation rate is between a few m / min to several tens of m / min, preferably between about 5 m / min and 50 m / min, for example 30 m / min.
- copolyamides used are Arkema's commercial products called respectively Platamid ® 2592 and Platamid ® 1657.
- the particle size, the viscosity and the solids content of the dispersions used are shown in Table II below.
- aqueous dispersions thus prepared are then used in the flax fiber treatment device, in undiluted or diluted form.
- the impregnated fibers pass through the shaping means 30, which comprises, for example, rubber dewatering rollers 32 between which the fibers are pressed in order to remove the excess of the aqueous polymer dispersion.
- These two rollers 32 have a first calibration system which forms the intermediate width of the ribbon.
- the roller means 32 exert a spin pressure ranging from a few kg to several hundred kg, preferably about 100 kg, equivalent to 10 MPa strain on a strip of 6 mm wide and 1 g / m.
- the fibers thus impregnated pass through a die 34 of calibration or conformation to bring the ribbon obtained to the specific size in thickness and width, preferably 1 ⁇ 4 inch or 6.35 mm wide, preferably flat but can also be cylindrical.
- the ribbon of impregnated fibers 100 is passed through the drying means 40 which evaporate the water contained in the ribbon and melt the polymer in dispersion to consolidate the ribbon.
- These drying means 40 comprise, for example, seven short-wave infrared emitters of 1200 Watts and 405 mm in length each, which are connected in series.
- the power of each emitter may be variable in order to achieve a specific temperature profile for the drying and melting of the polymer. For example, the first three emitters are set at 250 ° C. and then the following four at 180 ° C.
- the total drying length is about three meters, which corresponds to a drying time of 6 seconds for a tape speed of 30m / min.
- the drying temperature of the ribbon is between about 100 ° and 250 ° C, preferably between 100 ° C and 200 ° C, for example 150 ° C.
- the degradation temperature of the flax fibers is about 230 ° C., but the fiber after impregnation, and depending on the length of time it passes through the drying means 40, can accept temperatures between 250 ° C. and 300 ° C.
- the purpose of the drying is to evaporate the water contained in the dispersion and to melt the polymer at the heart of the fiber to obtain a good quality of impregnation.
- the impregnated, shaped and dried ribbon is wound around a coiler 52 which conditions the product in the form of a spool, for example with a cardboard core of 75 mm internal diameter.
- the continuous device operates for a constant linear velocity.
- Tensiometers (not shown) enslave, through the electromagnetic clutch, the ribbon tension so that there is no embrittlement of the fiber until final packaging on the coil.
- This device thus makes it possible in a single step to lengthen, and without any twisting step, to impregnate, shape, consolidate and condition a very fine linen fiber ribbon of a few g / m, preferably of lg / m, on a reel that can be several thousand meters.
- the impregnation with a copolyamide dispersion thus makes it possible to very significantly increase the breaking strength of the flax fiber ribbon, while at the same time refining / reducing its linear density.
- Example 1 EP-063 ND: impregnation with an undiluted solution (dry extract: 30%) of Platamid®2592.
- Example 2 EP-063 D50: Impregnation with a 50% diluted dispersion of Platamid® 2592 (dry extract: 15%)
- Example 3 EP-064 ND: Impregnation with an undiluted dispersion of Platamid® 1657 (dry extract: 30%)
- EP-064 D50 Impregnation with a 50% diluted dispersion of Platamid® 1657 (Dry Extract: 15%)
- the second series of tests was carried out on low-titration linseed roving (1030 tex) treated with Platamid® 1657 at different impregnation rates.
- Example 7 Impregnation by immersion (soaking) in the aqueous dispersion with a longer residence time (10 s)
- the flax roving is glued to a cardboard frame.
- the reference length was chosen at 14mm, knowing that the average length of a flax fiber is about 30mm.
- the upper and lower edges of the carton are clamped between the jaws of the dynamometer (Zick machine) while the side edges are cut.
- the roving is then stressed in tension at a speed of 1 mm / min.
- the present invention thus makes it possible to solve the technical problems described above with respect to the prior art with a device for impregnating wicks or ribbons of natural fibers, this impregnation taking place at heart by an aqueous dispersion of specific polymer thus enabling said auditing polymer to bind at the core of the bundle of fibers, between them, the fibers of said locks or ribbons to consolidate with the fine polymer particles used after melting.
- This impregnation can lead later to a pre-impregnated fibrous reinforcement, a wick or a light weight ribbon usable for the manufacture of composite materials.
- the flexibility of the solution of the present invention allows it to be integrated into a continuous line of manufacture of said fiber reinforcement based on natural fibers such as flax fibers, ranging from the treatment of natural fibers from the fields, to the manufacture of a pre-impregnated and calibrated wick or ribbon.
- the impregnating means 20 may comprise dipping system in an immersion type bath or a contact impregnation roll.
- the drying means 40 may also be constituted by a microwave flow, an induction heating or an oven with extraction of water, a pulsed air oven or a hot roll calendering. These drying means may include radiation funneling systems for concentrating energy to the product to be dried.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15728047.0A EP3142840A1 (fr) | 2014-05-12 | 2015-05-04 | Dispositif continu pour imprégner en une seule étape des mêches ou des rubans de fibres naturelles, en particulier le lin |
CN201580037819.8A CN106488836A (zh) | 2014-05-12 | 2015-05-04 | 用于在单个步骤中浸渍天然纤维——尤其是亚麻——的线绳或者条带的连续装置 |
KR1020167034738A KR20170104369A (ko) | 2014-05-12 | 2015-05-04 | 단일 단계에서 천연 섬유, 특히 리넨의 스트랜드 또는 리본을 함침시키기 위한 연속 장치 |
US15/310,284 US10513054B2 (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2015-05-04 | Continuous device for impregnating, in a single step, strands or ribbons of natural fibers, in particular of linen |
JP2016567547A JP6625063B2 (ja) | 2014-05-12 | 2015-05-04 | 天然繊維、特にリネンの糸又はリボンを単一段階で含浸させる連続装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1454199A FR3020776B1 (fr) | 2014-05-12 | 2014-05-12 | Dispositif continu pour impregner en une seule etape des meches ou des rubans de fibres naturelles, en particulier de lin |
FR1454199 | 2014-05-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2015173489A1 true WO2015173489A1 (fr) | 2015-11-19 |
Family
ID=51063698
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2015/051179 WO2015173489A1 (fr) | 2014-05-12 | 2015-05-04 | Dispositif continu pour imprégner en une seule étape des mêches ou des rubans de fibres naturelles, en particulier le lin |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US10513054B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3142840A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP6625063B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20170104369A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN106488836A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3020776B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2015173489A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3033573B1 (fr) * | 2015-03-10 | 2018-03-23 | Arkema France | Composition et pre-impregne thermoplastiques, materiau composite a base dudit pre-impregne et utilisations dudit materiau composite |
CN107660224A (zh) | 2015-03-25 | 2018-02-02 | 泽费罗斯股份有限公司 | 在聚酯载体上包括结构粘合剂的增强构件 |
FR3048373B1 (fr) * | 2016-03-07 | 2018-05-18 | Coriolis Group | Procede de realisation de preformes avec application d'un liant sur fibre seche et machine correspondante |
EP3673018B1 (fr) * | 2017-08-21 | 2021-12-29 | Acr Iii B.V. | Dispersion filmogène et dispersion d`encollage de fibre |
GB201713679D0 (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-10-11 | Nicoventures Holdings Ltd | Vapour provision systems |
EP4196329A1 (fr) * | 2020-08-11 | 2023-06-21 | Fabheads Automation Pvt. Ltd. | Système et procédé de préparation de rubans et de filaments de fibres continues pré-imprégnées |
KR102362225B1 (ko) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-02-14 | 주식회사 케이엔씨 | 리본 제조 장치 및 포장용 리본 제조 방법 |
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AU2002241584A1 (en) * | 2000-12-06 | 2002-06-18 | Complastik Corporation | Hybrid composite articles and methods for their production |
JP4572720B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-30 | 2010-11-04 | Dic株式会社 | 水分散型アクリル系樹脂の製造方法、並びにそれにより製造される水分散型アクリル粘着剤組成物及び粘着シート |
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FR3020819B1 (fr) * | 2014-05-12 | 2020-02-14 | Arkema France | Procede d'impregnation de fibres naturelles par un polymere en dispersion aqueuse et utilisation desdites fibres dans les materiaux composites. |
-
2014
- 2014-05-12 FR FR1454199A patent/FR3020776B1/fr active Active
-
2015
- 2015-05-04 EP EP15728047.0A patent/EP3142840A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-05-04 KR KR1020167034738A patent/KR20170104369A/ko unknown
- 2015-05-04 WO PCT/FR2015/051179 patent/WO2015173489A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2015-05-04 JP JP2016567547A patent/JP6625063B2/ja active Active
- 2015-05-04 CN CN201580037819.8A patent/CN106488836A/zh active Pending
- 2015-05-04 US US15/310,284 patent/US10513054B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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GB512558A (en) | 1937-12-18 | 1939-09-20 | John Brandwood | Improvements in or relating to the preparation of textile yarns |
FR2223173A1 (fr) | 1973-03-28 | 1974-10-25 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | |
EP0324680A2 (fr) | 1988-01-11 | 1989-07-19 | Arjo Wiggins S.A. | Procédé de préparation d'une feuille de matériau thermoplastique renforcé et feuille ainsi obtenue |
WO2001043934A1 (fr) * | 1999-12-15 | 2001-06-21 | Hempage Aktiengesellschaft | Materiau de renforcement, son procede de production et son utilisation |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3020776A1 (fr) | 2015-11-13 |
JP6625063B2 (ja) | 2019-12-25 |
US10513054B2 (en) | 2019-12-24 |
US20170246766A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
EP3142840A1 (fr) | 2017-03-22 |
FR3020776B1 (fr) | 2016-05-27 |
JP2017521565A (ja) | 2017-08-03 |
KR20170104369A (ko) | 2017-09-15 |
CN106488836A (zh) | 2017-03-08 |
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